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Organ transplant waiting lists are a race against the clock.
Patients on kidney transplant waitlists have
to hold out an average of more than three years.
On top of this, organ transplants need the immune system’s
seal of approval to be accepted by the body,
and the immune system is extremely picky.
But for patients who need a kidney ASAP, scientists might have found
a way to safely circumvent the body’s overzealous security system.
And it’s by changing their blood type.
Yeah, kidneys have blood types. Here’s how and why this might work.
[♪INTRO]
In 2019, 40% of end-stage kidney disease patients
died within three years of starting dialysis…
and only 11% could be added to transplant waitlists.
Finding enough donor organs is complicated,
and supply and demand isn’t the only problem.
Doctors need to consider the possibility of
the immune system rejecting a transplant.
The immune system is like the body’s bouncers.
At its core is a type of cell called a B cell, which generates antibodies.
These are highly specialized proteins that can attach
to markers called antigens on the surface of invading cells.
This helps the body distinguish “non-self” from “self”, and take out,
say, a cold virus as soon as it makes its way into your nose.
Once the antibodies grab onto an invader, they can call in backup,
including other immune cells, to take care of the intruder.
This system works across all types of new biological material
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