الأسباب الرسمية: بسبب و في ضوء
owing to للأسباب المباشرة و in view of للاعتبارات اللي أدت لقرار.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'owing to' and 'in view of' to provide formal reasons or context for decisions in professional writing.
- Use 'owing to' as a formal synonym for 'because of' followed by a noun phrase: 'Owing to rain, we stayed.'
- Use 'in view of' to mean 'considering' or 'given the fact of': 'In view of the budget, we cut costs.'
- Never follow these with a full clause (subject + verb); always use a noun or gerund (-ing).
نظرة عامة
because of the WiFi.owing to و in view of.because.because of.owing to إلى سبب مباشر.in view of أننا نأخذ موقفًا في الاعتبار.because هي سترة كاجوال، فهذه بدلة رسمية.كيف تعمل هذه القاعدة
owing to I was late فهذا خطأ.owing to my lateness.
نمط التكوين
owing to أو in view of.
the rain أو the technical glitch.
Owing to + the weather + , + the flight was canceled.
Owing to the weather, the flight was canceled.
The flight was canceled owing to the weather.
متى نستخدمها
Owing to a family emergency, I will be out of the office.In view of the recent data breach, please change your password.
الأخطاء الشائعة
Owing to it rained... (خطأ!)Owing to the rain... (صحيح!)owing to.Owing the rain... (خطأ!)owing to و due to.Due to تتبع عادة فعل 'to be'.Owing to يمكن أن تبدأ جملة.مقارنة مع أنماط مشابهة
because of.Because of محايدة.Owing to رسمية.In view of مختلفة لأنها تعني 'بالنظر إلى'.In view of your grades, you should study more.because of كحذاء رياضي يومي.owing to كحذاء رسمي لامع.in view of كنظارات القراءة.أسئلة شائعة
owing to في نهاية الجملة؟in view of هي نفسها because of؟owing to the fact that؟Structure of Formal Reason Phrases
| Connector | Followed By | Example Noun Phrase | Resulting Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Owing to
|
Noun Phrase
|
the heavy traffic
|
Because of the traffic
|
|
Owing to
|
Gerund (-ing)
|
being understaffed
|
Because we are understaffed
|
|
In view of
|
Noun Phrase
|
the recent events
|
Considering the events
|
|
In view of
|
Gerund (-ing)
|
having no choice
|
Considering we have no choice
|
|
Owing to
|
the fact that + Clause
|
the fact that it was late
|
Because it was late
|
|
In view of
|
the fact that + Clause
|
the fact that costs rose
|
Considering that costs rose
|
Meanings
These phrases function as compound prepositions used to introduce a reason (owing to) or a specific circumstance that influences a decision (in view of).
Causal Origin
Attributing an outcome directly to a specific cause, similar to 'due to'.
“Owing to a mechanical failure, the flight was delayed.”
“The project failed owing to a lack of clear communication.”
Circumstantial Consideration
Taking a particular fact or situation into account when making a judgment or decision.
“In view of the recent scandals, the CEO has resigned.”
“In view of your excellent performance, we are offering a bonus.”
Legal/Administrative Justification
Providing a formal basis for a rule, law, or official statement.
“In view of the evidence presented, the jury reached a verdict.”
“Owing to the state of emergency, a curfew has been implemented.”
Reference Table
| الأداة | الاستخدام الأساسي | اللمسة البيانية | مثال |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Owing to
|
سبب مباشر لحدث أو حالة
|
غالبًا للظروف الهامة أو الصعبة.
|
The event was postponed owing to low registration.
|
|
In view of
|
سبب تم اعتباره لاتخاذ قرار
|
توحي بالتفكير العميق والدراسة.
|
They revised the plan in view of the recent feedback.
|
|
Because of
|
سبب عام
|
أقل رسمية، وتستخدم في كل مكان.
|
We stayed home because of the rain.
|
|
Due to
|
سبب (تصف الأسماء)
|
تشبه `owing to` لكنها تفضل وصف الأسماء.
|
The cancellation was due to mechanical failure.
|
|
On account of
|
سبب أو تفسير
|
رسمية لكنها أقل حدة من `owing to`.
|
He retired on account of ill health.
|
طيف الرسمية
The flight has been delayed owing to adverse weather conditions. (Airport announcement)
The flight is late because of the strong winds. (Airport announcement)
The plane's late 'cause it's windy. (Airport announcement)
Flight's stuck 'cause of the breeze. (Airport announcement)
أمثلة حسب المستوى
I am late because of the rain.
I am late because of the rain.
He is happy because of his gift.
He is happy because of his gift.
The shop is closed because of the holiday.
The shop is closed because of the holiday.
We are tired because of the walk.
We are tired because of the walk.
The flight is late owing to the snow.
The flight is late owing to the snow.
Owing to the heat, we stayed inside.
Owing to the heat, we stayed inside.
In view of the price, I didn't buy it.
In view of the price, I didn't buy it.
Owing to a cold, she missed school.
Owing to a cold, she missed school.
Owing to the lack of interest, the class was cancelled.
Owing to the lack of interest, the class was cancelled.
In view of the current situation, we must wait.
In view of the current situation, we must wait.
The match was postponed owing to a waterlogged pitch.
The match was postponed owing to a waterlogged pitch.
In view of his age, he was allowed to enter for free.
In view of his age, he was allowed to enter for free.
Owing to the complexity of the task, we need more time.
Owing to the complexity of the task, we need more time.
In view of the rising costs, the project was abandoned.
In view of the rising costs, the project was abandoned.
The company succeeded owing to its innovative approach.
The company succeeded owing to its innovative approach.
In view of the feedback, we have updated the app.
In view of the feedback, we have updated the app.
Owing to the fact that the data was corrupted, the results are void.
Owing to the fact that the data was corrupted, the results are void.
In view of the prevailing economic climate, austerity measures are necessary.
In view of the prevailing economic climate, austerity measures are necessary.
The defendant was acquitted owing to a lack of substantial evidence.
The defendant was acquitted owing to a lack of substantial evidence.
In view of the impending deadline, we must expedite the process.
In view of the impending deadline, we must expedite the process.
Owing to the inherent volatility of the markets, caution is advised.
Owing to the inherent volatility of the markets, caution is advised.
In view of the historical precedents, the court's decision was expected.
In view of the historical precedents, the court's decision was expected.
The theory was discarded owing to its failure to account for anomalies.
The theory was discarded owing to its failure to account for anomalies.
In view of the sheer scale of the disaster, international aid was mobilized.
In view of the sheer scale of the disaster, international aid was mobilized.
سهل الخلط
Learners use them interchangeably, but 'due to' is technically an adjective and 'owing to' is an adverb.
They are very similar, but 'in light of' often implies new information has been revealed.
أخطاء شائعة
I am late owing to I missed the bus.
I am late because I missed the bus.
Owing to rain.
Owing to the rain.
In view of to save money, we stayed home.
In view of saving money, we stayed home.
The success was owing to the team.
The success was due to the team.
أنماط الجُمل
Owing to ___, the decision was made to ___.
In view of ___, it is recommended that ___.
Real World Usage
In view of the quarterly losses, we must restructure.
Owing to the lack of previous research, this study is exploratory.
Owing to a force majeure event, the contract is suspended.
Owing to a shortage of staff, some services are cancelled.
In view of your request, I have attached the documents.
Owing to the protests, the city center is closed.
دايمًا اسم أو مصدر
Owing to his hard work, he got promoted.
انتبه للفرق الدقيق
owing to للسبب المباشر لحدث (غالبًا سلبي أو محايد)، أما in view of فهي للأسباب اللي فكرت فيها قبل ما تاخد قرار: In view of the feedback, we changed the design.
نوّع في روابطك
owing to و due to و as a result of عشان القارئ ميحسش بالتكرار: The success was due to teamwork.
السياق هو الملك
Owing to unforeseen circumstances, the office is closed.
Smart Tips
Swap 'because of' for 'owing to' to instantly sound more professional.
Use 'In view of' at the start of your concluding sentence to tie your arguments together.
Try to simplify the following clause into a single noun phrase.
Try replacing it with 'Because of'. If it works, 'Owing to' is grammatically correct.
النطق
Linking 'Owing to'
The 'g' in 'owing' is soft, and the 'to' is often reduced to a schwa /tə/.
Stress in 'In view of'
The primary stress is on 'view'. 'In' and 'of' are unstressed.
Introductory Phrase Rise
Owing to the rain (rising), we stayed home (falling).
Signals that more information is coming.
احفظها
وسيلة تذكّر
O.W.E. = Origin Was Evidence (Owing to = Origin/Cause; In View of = Evidence/Consideration).
ربط بصري
Imagine a judge looking through a window (View) at evidence before making a decision. For 'Owing to', imagine a debt (Owe) being the direct reason you have no money.
Rhyme
Owing to the rain, we feel the pain; In view of the cost, the deal was lost.
Story
A CEO is looking at a financial report. 'Owing to the deficit,' he says, 'we are in trouble.' Then, looking at the team's potential, he adds, 'In view of your talent, we will try one more time.'
Word Web
تحدٍّ
Write three sentences about your last job or school project using 'owing to' for a problem and 'in view of' for a decision you made.
ملاحظات ثقافية
British English uses 'owing to' slightly more frequently in formal public notices (e.g., on the Tube or at train stations) than American English.
In peer-reviewed journals, 'owing to' is preferred over 'because of' to maintain an objective, detached tone.
'In view of' is a standard phrase in legal judgments to introduce the facts that led to a specific ruling.
'Owing' comes from the Old English 'agan' (to possess/owe). It shifted from financial debt to 'attributable to' in the 17th century.
بدايات محادثة
In view of the current environmental crisis, what is the most important change individuals should make?
Owing to the rise of AI, how do you think your job will change in five years?
مواضيع للكتابة اليومية
أخطاء شائعة
Test Yourself
The company decided to delay the new initiative ___ a lack of available resources.
In view of مناسبة هنا لأن نقص الموارد كان 'اعتبارًا' أدى لقرار التأجيل. Owing to ممكن تمشي بس in view of أدق للقرارات.Find and fix the mistake:
The project fell behind owing to that the team lacked experience.
Owing to لازم يجي وراها اسم، مش جملة فعلية. 'The team's lack of experience' هي الصيغة الاسمية الصح.Choose the correct sentence:
Score: /3
تمارين تطبيقية
8 exercises_______ the high level of interest, we have added a second session.
_______ the recent security breach, all passwords must be changed.
Find and fix the mistake:
Owing to it was a holiday, the banks were closed.
Because the weather is getting worse, we should leave now.
'Owing to' can be used interchangeably with 'because' in all situations.
Select all that apply.
Manager: Why was the report late? Assistant: _______ technical difficulties, sir.
Connectors: 1. Owing to, 2. In view of, 3. Because
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesThe factory halted production ___ a sudden shortage of raw materials.
In view of the market research showed positive trends, we launched the product.
أي جملة هي الصحيحة؟
ترجم للإنجليزية: 'تأخر المشروع كان بسبب مشاكل برمجية غير متوقعة.'
رتب الكلمات دي عشان تعمل جملة:
وصل كل حالة بالأداة المناسبة ليها:
The company's stock value declined ___ decreased consumer confidence.
أي جملة هي الصحيحة؟
ترجم للإنجليزية: 'بالنظر إلى اللوائح الجديدة، كان على الشركة تعديل سياسة الخصوصية الخاصة بها.'
رتب الكلمات دي:
The decision was made in view of that the costs were too high.
وصل الجمل بالأداة الصح:
Score: /12
الأسئلة الشائعة (8)
Yes, it is very common in formal writing. Just remember to put a comma after the introductory phrase.
They are very similar. `In light of` usually suggests that new information has changed how we see things, while `In view of` is a more general consideration of facts.
Because `owing to` is a preposition, and prepositions take nouns, not clauses. You must say `Owing to my tiredness` or `Owing to the fact that I was tired`.
It is used in both, but it is slightly more frequent in British formal registers, especially in official announcements.
You can, but it will sound very sarcastic or overly formal. It's better to use `since` or `because`.
Traditionally, `due to` follows a noun (The delay was due to rain), while `owing to` is adverbial (Owing to rain, we were late). Today, they are often used interchangeably.
Yes! For example: `In view of having already paid, we decided to attend the event.`
Not necessarily, but it is very often used to explain problems, delays, or cancellations.
Scaffolded Practice
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2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Debido a / En vista de
Spanish uses 'en vista de' more frequently in semi-formal speech than English uses 'in view of'.
En raison de / Étant donné
French often uses 'grâce à' for positive reasons, whereas 'owing to' is usually neutral or negative.
Aufgrund / Angesichts
German requires the genitive case after these prepositions, which adds a layer of grammatical complexity not found in English.
〜によって (~ni yotte) / 〜を鑑みて (~wo kangamite)
Japanese connectors often come at the end of the reason phrase, whereas English ones come at the beginning.
بسبب (bisabab) / نظراً لـ (nazaran li)
Arabic often uses a 'li' (for) construction that doesn't have a direct 1:1 prepositional match in English.
由于 (yóuyú) / 鉴于 (jiànyú)
Chinese does not use articles, so the noun phrase structure is simpler.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
فيديوهات ذات صلة
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