Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'owing to' and 'in view of' to provide formal reasons or context for decisions in professional writing.
- Use 'owing to' as a formal synonym for 'because of' followed by a noun phrase: 'Owing to rain, we stayed.'
- Use 'in view of' to mean 'considering' or 'given the fact of': 'In view of the budget, we cut costs.'
- Never follow these with a full clause (subject + verb); always use a noun or gerund (-ing).
Overview
because of や due to は非常に便利ですが、プロフェッショナルなビジネスシーンや学術論文、あるいは公的な文書においては、より洗練された響きを持つ owing to や in view of を使い分けることが求められます。due to との伝統的な違いについても詳しく解説します。この解説を読み終える頃には、自信を持ってこれらの表現を使いこなし、より知的な英語表現を構築できるようになっているはずです。owing to も in view of も、文法的には「群前置詞（Compound Prepositions）」として機能します。つまり、後ろには必ず名詞、名詞句、動名詞（-ing）、または代名詞が続き、「主語 + 動詞」からなる節（Clause）を直接置くことはできません。Owing to: 直接的な「原因」と「理由」owing to は、ある出来事や状態を引き起こした「直接的な原因」を指し示します。語源を辿ると owe（〜に負うている）から来ており、「その結果は、この原因に負うている＝原因がある」というニュアンスです。日本語では「〜に起因して」「〜が理由で」と訳されることが多いですが、特に「避けることのできない客観的な事実や状況」を述べる際に好まれます。The event was cancelled owing to heavy rain.（大雨のため、イベントは中止された。）In view of: 判断の根拠としての「考慮事項」in view of は、ある決定を下したり、行動を起こしたりする際の「判断材料」や「考慮すべき状況」を導入します。直訳すると「〜を視界に入れて」となりますが、これは「〜という事実を考慮すると」「〜に鑑みて」という、人間の思考プロセスや戦略的な判断が介在する場合に使われます。In view of the recent economic downturn, we have decided to cut costs.（昨今の景気後退に鑑み、コスト削減を決定した。）in view of の本質です。Owing to | In view of |[主節] + owing to / in view of + [名詞 / 名詞句 / 動名詞 / 代名詞]Owing to / In view of + [名詞句等] + ,（カンマ） + [主節]Owing to の例 | In view of の例 |Owing to illness, he resigned. (病気のため辞職した) | In view of the risks, we declined. (リスクを考慮し、断った) |The delay was owing to a technical fault. (遅延は技術的欠陥によるものだ) | They changed plans in view of the weather forecast. (予報に鑑み計画を変更した) |Success was owing to working hard. (成功は努力したことによる) | In view of having limited time, let's start. (時間が限られているため、始めよう) |The failure was largely owing to this. (失敗の主な原因はこれだった) | In view of this, we must act. (これに鑑み、行動しなければならない) |owing to や in view of の直後に that 節（owing to that it rained など）を置くことはできません。どうしても節の内容を続けたい場合は、owing to the fact that... のように the fact を挟む必要がありますが、C1レベルでは簡潔に名詞句にまとめる書き換えが推奨されます。owing to が適しています。Profits decreased owing to rising raw material costs.（原材料費の高騰により、利益が減少した。）in view of が非常に効果的です。In view of the competitor's recent move, we are launching our product earlier than planned.（競合他社の最近の動きに鑑み、新製品の発売を予定より早めます。）In view of the evidence presented in Chapter 3, it is clear that...（第3章で提示された証拠に鑑みれば、〜は明らかである。）Owing to a prior engagement, I am unable to attend the ceremony.（先約がございますため、式典には出席いたしかねます。）owing to を単独で置くミス（日本語の「〜のせいだ」の直訳）owing to はあくまで前置詞句であり、補語（Complement）として機能させるには注意が必要です。The failure was owing to lack of preparation.The failure was due to lack of preparation.The project failed owing to lack of preparation.due to は形容詞的（名詞を修飾）、owing to は副詞的（動詞を修飾）とされます。The failure was... のように be 動詞の後に置く場合は、主語の状態を説明する due to が本来は適切です。owing to は「動詞がなぜ起きたか」を説明する時に使いましょう。In view of the market is unstable, we should wait.In view of the market instability, we should wait.in view of は前置詞です。the market is unstable は文（Clause）なので、名詞句 the market instability に書き換える必要があります。owing to を「感謝」の意味で使ってしまうowing to で表現しようとすると、文脈によっては不自然です。owing to は中立的、あるいはネガティブな要因（トラブル、遅延など）に使われることが多く、感謝を伝える場合は thanks to や due to の方が自然な場合が多いです。I passed the exam owing to your help.I passed the exam thanks to your help.owing to とほぼ同義だが、伝統的には名詞を修飾する形容詞的用法。 |owing to に近いが、特に「（誰かの）利益や理由のために」というニュアンスを含むことがある。 |in view of に近い。「〜という状況を前提とすると」という条件のニュアンスが強い。 |In view of vs Given の違いGiven his age, he is very active.（年齢を考えれば、彼はとても活動的だ。＝前提条件）In view of his age, we should reconsider the workload.（彼の年齢に鑑みて、業務量を見直すべきだ。＝判断の根拠）due to と owing to は完全に置き換え可能ですか？be 動詞の直後には due to を使い、動詞を修飾する（文の途中に挿入する）場合には owing to を使うという区別が好まれます。C1レベルの試験（IELTSや英検1級のライティング）では、この区別を意識すると「教養のある書き手」という印象を与えられます。in view of を文末に置くことはできますか？in view of は「〜を考慮して」という思考の前提を提示するため、文頭に置いて「これから述べる結論の根拠」を先に示す方が、論理構成が分かりやすくなることが多いです。文末に置く場合は、補足的な情報というニュアンスが強まります。owing to はポジティブな理由にも使えますか？The success was owing to his effort. と言うことはできますが、少し事務的で冷たい印象を与えます。ポジティブな結果には thanks to や、より格調高く as a result of を使う方が、文脈に馴染みやすいでしょう。in view of を使う際のコツは？because of the delay と言うよりも、In view of the current supply chain issues... と始めることで、客観的な妥当性を強調できます。Structure of Formal Reason Phrases
| Connector | Followed By | Example Noun Phrase | Resulting Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Owing to
|
Noun Phrase
|
the heavy traffic
|
Because of the traffic
|
|
Owing to
|
Gerund (-ing)
|
being understaffed
|
Because we are understaffed
|
|
In view of
|
Noun Phrase
|
the recent events
|
Considering the events
|
|
In view of
|
Gerund (-ing)
|
having no choice
|
Considering we have no choice
|
|
Owing to
|
the fact that + Clause
|
the fact that it was late
|
Because it was late
|
|
In view of
|
the fact that + Clause
|
the fact that costs rose
|
Considering that costs rose
|
Meanings
These phrases function as compound prepositions used to introduce a reason (owing to) or a specific circumstance that influences a decision (in view of).
Causal Origin
Attributing an outcome directly to a specific cause, similar to 'due to'.
“Owing to a mechanical failure, the flight was delayed.”
“The project failed owing to a lack of clear communication.”
Circumstantial Consideration
Taking a particular fact or situation into account when making a judgment or decision.
“In view of the recent scandals, the CEO has resigned.”
“In view of your excellent performance, we are offering a bonus.”
Legal/Administrative Justification
Providing a formal basis for a rule, law, or official statement.
“In view of the evidence presented, the jury reached a verdict.”
“Owing to the state of emergency, a curfew has been implemented.”
Reference Table
| フレーズ | 主な用途 | ニュアンス | 例文 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Owing to
|
出来事や状況の直接的な原因
|
重要な、または困難な状況でよく使われる。
|
The event was postponed owing to low registration.
|
|
In view of
|
決定や行動のために考慮された理由
|
要因を慎重に検討したことを示唆する。
|
They revised the plan in view of the recent feedback.
|
|
Because of
|
一般的な原因
|
フォーマル度が低く、幅広く適用可能。
|
We stayed home because of the rain.
|
|
Due to
|
原因（名詞を修飾）
|
「owing to」に似ているが、理想的には名詞を修飾する。
|
The cancellation was due to mechanical failure.
|
|
On account of
|
理由・説明
|
フォーマルだが、「owing to」よりはやや劣る。
|
He retired on account of ill health.
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
The flight has been delayed owing to adverse weather conditions. (Airport announcement)
The flight is late because of the strong winds. (Airport announcement)
The plane's late 'cause it's windy. (Airport announcement)
Flight's stuck 'cause of the breeze. (Airport announcement)
フォーマルな理由: Owing to & In View Of
Owing to
- 直接的な原因 出来事や状況の理由。
- 名詞/動名詞 フレーズの後に続く必要がある。
- 多くは中立的/否定的 困難な状況を導入することがある。
- 例文 Owing to the storm, power failed.
In View Of
- 考慮事項 決定や行動のために考慮された要因。
- 名詞/動名詞 フレーズの後に続く必要がある。
- 熟慮的 慎重な検討を示唆する。
- 例文 In view of feedback, we changed plans.
主な違い
- 機能 原因 vs. 考慮事項。
- 結果 発生 vs. 決定。
- フォーマルさ どちらも高い。
フォーマルな理由の選択
どのフォーマルな理由を使うべき？
出来事や状況の直接的な原因を説明していますか？
決定や行動を下す際に考慮された要因を説明していますか？
フォーマルな理由のシナリオ
「Owing to」を使う場合:
- • プロジェクトの遅延
- • システムの障害
- • 市場変動が結果に影響
- • イベントの中止
- • 個人的な状況（フォーマルな場合）
「In View Of」を使う場合:
- • 政策調整
- • 戦略的決定
- • 予算再配分
- • データに基づいた計画の見直し
- • フィードバックへの対応
避けるべき場面:
- • カジュアルな会話
- • ソーシャルメディアの投稿
- • テキストメッセージ
- • インフォーマルなメール
重要な文法ポイント:
- • 常に名詞/動名詞が続く
- • 文頭に置くことができる（コンマを伴う）
- • C1レベルのフォーマルさ
レベル別の例文
I am late because of the rain.
I am late because of the rain.
He is happy because of his gift.
He is happy because of his gift.
The shop is closed because of the holiday.
The shop is closed because of the holiday.
We are tired because of the walk.
We are tired because of the walk.
The flight is late owing to the snow.
The flight is late owing to the snow.
Owing to the heat, we stayed inside.
Owing to the heat, we stayed inside.
In view of the price, I didn't buy it.
In view of the price, I didn't buy it.
Owing to a cold, she missed school.
Owing to a cold, she missed school.
Owing to the lack of interest, the class was cancelled.
Owing to the lack of interest, the class was cancelled.
In view of the current situation, we must wait.
In view of the current situation, we must wait.
The match was postponed owing to a waterlogged pitch.
The match was postponed owing to a waterlogged pitch.
In view of his age, he was allowed to enter for free.
In view of his age, he was allowed to enter for free.
Owing to the complexity of the task, we need more time.
Owing to the complexity of the task, we need more time.
In view of the rising costs, the project was abandoned.
In view of the rising costs, the project was abandoned.
The company succeeded owing to its innovative approach.
The company succeeded owing to its innovative approach.
In view of the feedback, we have updated the app.
In view of the feedback, we have updated the app.
Owing to the fact that the data was corrupted, the results are void.
Owing to the fact that the data was corrupted, the results are void.
In view of the prevailing economic climate, austerity measures are necessary.
In view of the prevailing economic climate, austerity measures are necessary.
The defendant was acquitted owing to a lack of substantial evidence.
The defendant was acquitted owing to a lack of substantial evidence.
In view of the impending deadline, we must expedite the process.
In view of the impending deadline, we must expedite the process.
Owing to the inherent volatility of the markets, caution is advised.
Owing to the inherent volatility of the markets, caution is advised.
In view of the historical precedents, the court's decision was expected.
In view of the historical precedents, the court's decision was expected.
The theory was discarded owing to its failure to account for anomalies.
The theory was discarded owing to its failure to account for anomalies.
In view of the sheer scale of the disaster, international aid was mobilized.
In view of the sheer scale of the disaster, international aid was mobilized.
間違えやすい
Learners use them interchangeably, but 'due to' is technically an adjective and 'owing to' is an adverb.
They are very similar, but 'in light of' often implies new information has been revealed.
よくある間違い
I am late owing to I missed the bus.
I am late because I missed the bus.
Owing to rain.
Owing to the rain.
In view of to save money, we stayed home.
In view of saving money, we stayed home.
The success was owing to the team.
The success was due to the team.
文型パターン
Owing to ___, the decision was made to ___.
In view of ___, it is recommended that ___.
Real World Usage
In view of the quarterly losses, we must restructure.
Owing to the lack of previous research, this study is exploratory.
Owing to a force majeure event, the contract is suspended.
Owing to a shortage of staff, some services are cancelled.
In view of your request, I have attached the documents.
Owing to the protests, the city center is closed.
いつも名詞のように
ニュアンスに気をつけて
接続詞を使い分けよう
文脈が王様
Smart Tips
Swap 'because of' for 'owing to' to instantly sound more professional.
Use 'In view of' at the start of your concluding sentence to tie your arguments together.
Try to simplify the following clause into a single noun phrase.
Try replacing it with 'Because of'. If it works, 'Owing to' is grammatically correct.
発音
Linking 'Owing to'
The 'g' in 'owing' is soft, and the 'to' is often reduced to a schwa /tə/.
Stress in 'In view of'
The primary stress is on 'view'. 'In' and 'of' are unstressed.
Introductory Phrase Rise
Owing to the rain (rising), we stayed home (falling).
Signals that more information is coming.
暗記しよう
記憶術
O.W.E. = Origin Was Evidence (Owing to = Origin/Cause; In View of = Evidence/Consideration).
視覚的連想
Imagine a judge looking through a window (View) at evidence before making a decision. For 'Owing to', imagine a debt (Owe) being the direct reason you have no money.
Rhyme
Owing to the rain, we feel the pain; In view of the cost, the deal was lost.
Story
A CEO is looking at a financial report. 'Owing to the deficit,' he says, 'we are in trouble.' Then, looking at the team's potential, he adds, 'In view of your talent, we will try one more time.'
Word Web
チャレンジ
Write three sentences about your last job or school project using 'owing to' for a problem and 'in view of' for a decision you made.
文化メモ
British English uses 'owing to' slightly more frequently in formal public notices (e.g., on the Tube or at train stations) than American English.
In peer-reviewed journals, 'owing to' is preferred over 'because of' to maintain an objective, detached tone.
'In view of' is a standard phrase in legal judgments to introduce the facts that led to a specific ruling.
'Owing' comes from the Old English 'agan' (to possess/owe). It shifted from financial debt to 'attributable to' in the 17th century.
会話のきっかけ
In view of the current environmental crisis, what is the most important change individuals should make?
Owing to the rise of AI, how do you think your job will change in five years?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
The company decided to delay the new initiative ___ a lack of available resources.
Find and fix the mistake:
The project fell behind owing to that the team lacked experience.
正しい文を選びましょう:
Score: /3
練習問題
8 exercises_______ the high level of interest, we have added a second session.
_______ the recent security breach, all passwords must be changed.
Find and fix the mistake:
Owing to it was a holiday, the banks were closed.
Because the weather is getting worse, we should leave now.
'Owing to' can be used interchangeably with 'because' in all situations.
Select all that apply.
Manager: Why was the report late? Assistant: _______ technical difficulties, sir.
Connectors: 1. Owing to, 2. In view of, 3. Because
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesThe factory halted production ___ a sudden shortage of raw materials.
In view of the market research showed positive trends, we launched the product.
正しい文はどれですか？
Translate into English: 'El retraso del proyecto se debió a problemas inesperados de software.'
これらの単語を並べ替えて文を作りましょう:
各シナリオに最適な導入フレーズを合わせましょう:
The company's stock value declined ___ decreased consumer confidence.
正しい文はどれですか？
Translate into English: 'Considerando las nuevas regulaciones, la empresa tuvo que ajustar su política de privacidad.'
これらの単語を並べ替えて文を作りましょう:
The decision was made in view of that the costs were too high.
以下を合わせましょう:
Score: /12
よくある質問 (8)
Yes, it is very common in formal writing. Just remember to put a comma after the introductory phrase.
They are very similar. `In light of` usually suggests that new information has changed how we see things, while `In view of` is a more general consideration of facts.
Because `owing to` is a preposition, and prepositions take nouns, not clauses. You must say `Owing to my tiredness` or `Owing to the fact that I was tired`.
It is used in both, but it is slightly more frequent in British formal registers, especially in official announcements.
You can, but it will sound very sarcastic or overly formal. It's better to use `since` or `because`.
Traditionally, `due to` follows a noun (The delay was due to rain), while `owing to` is adverbial (Owing to rain, we were late). Today, they are often used interchangeably.
Yes! For example: `In view of having already paid, we decided to attend the event.`
Not necessarily, but it is very often used to explain problems, delays, or cancellations.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Debido a / En vista de
Spanish uses 'en vista de' more frequently in semi-formal speech than English uses 'in view of'.
En raison de / Étant donné
French often uses 'grâce à' for positive reasons, whereas 'owing to' is usually neutral or negative.
Aufgrund / Angesichts
German requires the genitive case after these prepositions, which adds a layer of grammatical complexity not found in English.
〜によって (~ni yotte) / 〜を鑑みて (~wo kangamite)
Japanese connectors often come at the end of the reason phrase, whereas English ones come at the beginning.
بسبب (bisabab) / نظراً لـ (nazaran li)
Arabic often uses a 'li' (for) construction that doesn't have a direct 1:1 prepositional match in English.
由于 (yóuyú) / 鉴于 (jiànyú)
Chinese does not use articles, so the noun phrase structure is simpler.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
関連動画
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