Chapter in 30 Seconds
Elevate your professional prose with sophisticated connectors and precise modal language.
- Master formal transitions to link complex ideas seamlessly.
- Employ logical connectors to clarify causality and sequence.
- Refine your professional tone through strategic modal hedging.
学べること
Ever wish your professional writing sounded more nuanced and impactful? Dive into this chapter to master formal results like Hence and the subtle power of modal hedging. You'll craft arguments with impressive precision and persuasive authority.
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情報を正式に追加する方法:Moreover & Furthermoreあなたのフォーマルな文章を「エレガント」にレベルアップさせたいなら、「moreover」と「furthermore」は「強力な追加情報」を加える「魔法のツール」です。これらを活用して、あなたのメッセージに「説得力」を与えましょう。
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正式な理由: owing to と in view ofフォーマルなコミュニケーションをレベルアップさせたいなら、「owing to」は直接的な「原因」を、「in view of」は「考慮された理由」を表すのに使えますよ。
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正式な結果:Hence, Thus, Accordingly「hence」、「thus」、「accordingly」を使いこなして、「論理的な結果」や「適切な行動」を「正確」に「フォーマル」に表現しましょう。
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正式な順序:SubsequentlyとThereafter結果を表す「subsequently」と、ある時点からの継続を表す「thereafter」をマスターして、あなたのフォーマルな英語を「レベルアップ」させましょう!
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要約する: 'In Sum' & 'To Recapitulate'「in sum」や「to recapitulate」は、フォーマルな場面で「要点をまとめる」ための魔法のフレーズだよ。使いこなせば、あなたの英語はグッと「洗練された」印象になるはず!
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スマートな文章で「Might」と「Maybe」を使う(モダール・ヘッジング)「might」と「maybe」を使いこなすことで、あなたのコミュニケーションはぐっと洗練されます。言葉に「ニュアンス」と「丁寧さ」を加えられる、まさに魔法のツールですよ!
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
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1
By the end you will be able to: Use formal connectors like 'Moreover' and 'Hence' to structure complex professional reports.
チャプターガイド
Overview
How This Grammar Works
also, at a C1 level, you'll use moreover and furthermore.The market share has increased; moreover, customer satisfaction surveys show higher ratings.These linkers add weight and formality. When explaining *why* something happened, move beyond
because. For formal reasons, use phrases like owing to and in view of, followed by a noun. The project was delayed owing to unforeseen technical difficulties,or
In view of the budget constraints, we decided to postpone the launch.
Hence, a new strategy is required.
Thus, we adjusted our projections.
Accordingly, new resources were allocated.To narrate a series of events professionally, especially in reports, subsequently and thereafter are invaluable.
The data was collected; subsequently, it was analyzed.Finally, when you've made your points, you need to tie them up neatly. In sum and to recapitulate are your go-to phrases for signaling a concise conclusion.
To recapitulate, the key findings support a phased approach.Beyond direct statements, true mastery involves nuance.
This *is* the solution,consider
This *might be* a viable solution,or
The evidence *could suggest* a correlation.This demonstrates careful consideration and intellectual honesty. These tools collectively empower you to construct arguments with impressive precision.
Common Mistakes
- 1Misusing 'Owing to' with clauses:
- 1Overusing 'Hence' at the beginning of a sentence:
- 1Applying modal hedging to established facts:
Real Conversations
Let's see these in action in everyday professional scenarios.
Scenario 1: Project Update
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Scenario 2: Team Meeting Discussion
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Quick FAQ
moreover versus furthermore?Both are interchangeable for adding points formally. Furthermore can sometimes feel slightly stronger or imply
in addition to what has been said, here’s an even more important point,but for most contexts, they function identically in professional communication and logic.
thusly a correct word? Should I use it instead of thus?While thusly exists, it is widely considered archaic or overly formal and often sounds affected. Stick with thus for clear, concise, and modern C1 English grammar.
Quite the opposite! Using words like might or could (modal hedging) demonstrates careful consideration, intellectual humility, and an understanding that professional claims often involve a degree of uncertainty or interpretation. It signals a sophisticated approach to professional communication and logic.
Cultural Context
hence or in view of in casual conversation. The judicious use of modal hedging, however, is common across many levels of formal and semi-formal speech, indicating thoughtfulness rather than uncertainty.重要な例文 (8)
The evidence presented was conclusive; moreover, it was supported by multiple independent studies.
提示された証拠は決定的でした。その上、複数の独立した研究によって裏付けられていました。
情報を正式に追加する方法:Moreover & FurthermoreOur profits have increased by 15% this quarter. Furthermore, customer satisfaction scores are at an all-time high.
当社の今四半期の利益は15%増加しました。さらに、顧客満足度スコアも過去最高を記録しています。
情報を正式に追加する方法:Moreover & FurthermoreThe meeting was canceled `owing to` unforeseen scheduling conflicts among key stakeholders.
主要な関係者間の予期せぬスケジュール調整の衝突により、会議は中止されました。
正式な理由: owing to と in view of`In view of` the latest market research, the product launch has been strategically delayed.
最新の市場調査を考慮し、製品の発売は戦略的に延期されました。
正式な理由: owing to と in view ofThe experiment was successful; hence, the hypothesis was confirmed.
実験は成功しました。したがって、仮説が確認されました。
正式な結果:Hence, Thus, AccordinglyThe client approved the proposal. Thus, we can proceed with the project.
クライアントが提案を承認しました。したがって、プロジェクトを進めることができます。
正式な結果:Hence, Thus, AccordinglyThe initial proposal was approved, and `subsequently`, the team commenced development.
最初の提案が承認され、その後、チームは開発を開始しました。
正式な順序:SubsequentlyとThereafterShe joined the firm in 2010; `thereafter`, she quickly rose through the ranks.
彼女は2010年にその会社に入社し、それ以降、急速に昇進しました。
正式な順序:SubsequentlyとThereafterヒントとコツ (4)
文章の「フォーマル度」を上げる秘訣
いつも名詞のように
句読点に注意!
文脈が一番大事!
重要な語彙 (5)
Real-World Preview
Quarterly Performance Review
Review Summary
- Moreover/Furthermore, [sentence].
- Owing to [noun phrase], [sentence].
- [Sentence]; hence/thus/accordingly, [sentence].
- [Event 1]. Subsequently, [Event 2].
- In sum, [conclusion].
- [Subject] might [verb].
よくある間違い
Owing to is a preposition and must be followed by a noun phrase, not a full clause.
Hence is a conjunctive adverb, not a subordinating conjunction. It needs a semicolon or separate sentences.
Don't combine absolute adverbs with modal hedging; choose one for clarity.
このチャプターのルール (6)
Next Steps
You are mastering the art of professional communication. Keep applying these tools in your daily emails!
Rewrite a casual email into a professional report
クイック練習 (10)
Find and fix the mistake:
Hey dude, to recapitulate, that movie was epic!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 要約する: 'In Sum' & 'To Recapitulate'
The company decided to delay the new initiative ___ a lack of available resources.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 正式な理由: owing to と in view of
Find and fix the mistake:
`Maybe she will to come later.`
toなしで動詞の原形が直接続きます。frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スマートな文章で「Might」と「Maybe」を使う(モダール・ヘッジング)
正しい文を選びましょう:
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 正式な理由: owing to と in view of
Find and fix the mistake:
The proposal was well-received furthermore it secured significant funding.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 情報を正式に追加する方法:Moreover & Furthermore
The study demonstrated a clear benefit. ___, further research is needed.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 情報を正式に追加する方法:Moreover & Furthermore
Find and fix the mistake:
The evidence was compelling hence the jury returned a guilty verdict.
henceの前にセミコロン、後にカンマが必要です。frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 正式な結果:Hence, Thus, Accordingly
Choose the correct sentence:
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スマートな文章で「Might」と「Maybe」を使う(モダール・ヘッジング)
Choose the correct sentence:
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 正式な順序:SubsequentlyとThereafter
The experimental data was gathered, and ___ analyzed by the research team.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 正式な順序:SubsequentlyとThereafter
Score: /10
よくある質問 (6)
They indicate that what follows strengthens or expands upon a previous statement.と覚えておきましょう。
Yes, for the most part, moreover and furthermore are interchangeable.
henceとthusは両方とも直接的な論理的結論や結果を導入するため、多くのフォーマルな文脈でほぼ交換可能です。「The results were inconclusive; thus, more research is needed.」と「The results were inconclusive; hence, more research is needed.」はどちらも自然です。