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A2 interjection #4,000 الأكثر شيوعاً 8 دقيقة للقراءة

بدرود

badorood
تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح بدرود في 30 ثانية
الشرح بدرود in your Level:
At the A1 level, you are just starting to learn greetings. You should know that 'Bedrud' means 'Goodbye,' but you should primarily use 'Khoda Hafez' for now. 'Bedrud' is like the word 'Farewell' in English—it is very formal. You might see it in your textbook or hear it at the end of a Persian lesson on YouTube. Just remember that it is a polite way to say goodbye and is always used at the end of a conversation. It consists of two parts: 'Be' and 'Drud.' Even at this early stage, knowing 'Bedrud' helps you recognize when a formal situation is ending. Think of it as a special version of 'Bye' for important people or formal videos.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
As an A2 learner, you can begin to distinguish between different social settings. You should understand that 'Bedrud' is used in formal contexts, such as on the news or in a formal letter. While you will still use 'Khoda Hafez' with your friends and teachers, you can use 'Bedrud' when you want to sound more professional or when you are leaving a formal gathering. It is also important to notice that 'Bedrud' is often used in media. For example, a radio host might say 'Bedrud' to their listeners. You should be able to identify this word in listening exercises and know that it signals a formal departure. It is a 'pure Persian' word, meaning it doesn't come from Arabic, which is a point of pride for many Persian speakers.
At the B1 level, you should be comfortable with the cultural nuances of 'Bedrud.' You understand that choosing 'Bedrud' over 'Khoda Hafez' can sometimes be a stylistic or even identity-based choice. You should be able to use 'Bedrud' correctly in formal writing, such as an email to a business associate or a formal invitation. You also begin to see its use in modern Persian literature and more serious cinema. You should know the phrase 'Ta dorudi digar, bedrud' (Until another greeting, farewell) as it is a common way to sign off in media. Your vocabulary is expanding, and 'Bedrud' is a key part of your formal toolkit. You can now explain to others that 'Bedrud' literally means 'with health' and is a wish for the other person's well-being.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
By B2, you should have a firm grasp of 'Register.' You know exactly when 'Bedrud' is appropriate and when it might sound 'too much.' You can analyze the use of 'Bedrud' in a political speech or a formal documentary and understand the tone it sets—one of dignity, tradition, and formality. You are also aware of the linguistic movement in Iran that promotes 'Farsi-ye Sereh' (Pure Persian) and how 'Bedrud' fits into that movement as an alternative to Arabic-derived greetings. You can use it fluently in high-level discussions or when giving a presentation in Persian. You also recognize it in classical-style poetry written by modern authors who wish to evoke a sense of the ancient past.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At the C1 level, 'Bedrud' is a word you not only use but also understand in its historical and etymological depth. You can trace its origins back to Middle Persian and discuss how it was revived in the 20th century. You understand the subtle social signals sent by using this word in different parts of the Persian-speaking world. You can appreciate the poetic impact of 'Bedrud' in a tragic movie scene or a powerful piece of prose. Your use of the word is sophisticated; you might use it to conclude a long, philosophical essay or a high-stakes negotiation to leave a lasting impression of professionalism and cultural competence. You are also aware of its synonyms in other dialects, like Dari or Tajiki, and how 'Bedrud' functions as a unifying formal term.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At the C2 level, your mastery of 'Bedrud' is indistinguishable from that of an educated native speaker. You understand the word's place in the long history of Persian linguistics, from the Sassanid era to the modern day. You can discuss the sociolinguistic implications of 'Bedrud' in contemporary Iranian society, including its role in the secular-religious linguistic divide. You use the word with perfect timing and tone, whether in an academic paper, a formal address, or a literary translation. You can also identify and appreciate the use of 'Bedrud' in the Shahnameh and other classical epics, understanding how its meaning has subtly shifted or remained constant over a millennium. For you, 'Bedrud' is not just a word, but a symbol of the enduring nature of the Persian language.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح

بدرود في 30 ثانية

  • Bedrud is the formal Persian equivalent of 'Farewell'.
  • It is a 'Pure Persian' word with ancient Pahlavi roots.
  • Commonly used by news anchors, writers, and in formal speeches.
  • It sounds too formal for casual, everyday use with friends.

The Persian word بدرود (Bedrud) is a deeply resonant and historically significant interjection used to signify departure. Unlike the more common and everyday خداحافظ (Khoda Hafez), which has roots in the religious sentiment of 'God be your protector,' بدرود is a purely Persian term that traces its lineage back to the Middle Persian (Pahlavi) language. It carries a sense of formality, poetic weight, and often a touch of nostalgia or finality. When a speaker chooses this word, they are often making a conscious decision to use 'Pure Persian' (Farsi-ye Sereh) rather than words influenced by Arabic. It is not merely a 'goodbye'; it is a wish for the other person to remain in a state of health and prosperity until the next meeting.

Linguistic Register
Formal, Literary, and Poetic. It is rarely heard in a casual grocery store transaction but is the standard for news anchors and formal speeches.
Semantic Root
Derived from 'be' (to/with) and 'drud' (health/peace/prosperity). It literally translates to 'with health' or 'go with health.'

In the modern Iranian context, بدرود has seen a revival among those who value the preservation of the Persian language's pre-Islamic heritage. You will find it at the end of high-quality television programs, in the closing lines of a sophisticated letter, or during a solemn farewell at an airport where the departure feels significant. It evokes a sense of dignity. If you use this word in a casual setting, such as saying goodbye to a close friend after a quick coffee, it might sound slightly dramatic or overly formal, similar to saying 'Farewell, my friend' in English instead of 'See ya.'

با آرزوی شادی برای شما، بدرود.

— Wishing you happiness, farewell.

Furthermore, بدرود is a 'secular' alternative to the ubiquitous Khoda Hafez. For some speakers, using this word is a subtle nod to a secular identity or a preference for Iranian national identity over religious identity. However, for most, it is simply a beautiful, high-register word that adds a layer of elegance to their speech. It is important for learners to recognize that while they might not use it every day, understanding its weight is crucial for comprehending Persian literature, cinema, and formal media. It acts as a bridge to the past, connecting the modern speaker to the epic verses of the Shahnameh and the linguistic purity of ancient Iran.

Using بدرود requires an understanding of social dynamics and sentence structure. As an interjection, it usually stands alone or appears at the very end of a discourse. It does not typically take suffixes or prefixes in modern usage, though in classical Persian, it could be part of larger verbal constructions. When you are writing a formal email to a professor or a business partner with whom you have a respectful relationship, closing with بدرود signals a high level of education and linguistic care.

Standalone Usage
Used as a final word before hanging up a formal phone call or leaving a room. Example: 'Bedrud, aghay-e doctor.'
As a Noun (Rare)
In literary contexts, one might say 'Bedrud goftan' (To say farewell). Example: 'He said a final farewell to his homeland.'

In sentences, بدرود is often preceded by a well-wish or a statement about future meetings. It functions as the 'full stop' to a relationship's current chapter. For instance, in a movie scene where a soldier leaves for the front, the family might use بدرود to emphasize the gravity of the parting. It is less about the 'next time' and more about the 'now' of the goodbye.

ایران را به مقصد پاریس ترک کرد و با دوستانش بدرود گفت.

— He left Iran for Paris and said farewell to his friends.

Grammatically, بدرود is invariable. It doesn't change based on the number of people you are addressing. Whether you are saying goodbye to one person or a crowd of a thousand, the word remains بدرود. This simplicity makes it an easy yet powerful tool for learners who want to elevate their Persian. However, the learner must be wary of the 'vibe.' Using it in a text message to a sibling might be seen as a joke or a sign that you are being intentionally dramatic.

To hear بدرود in its natural habitat, one should look toward Iranian media and arts. It is the quintessential 'broadcaster's goodbye.' If you tune into a Persian-language radio station like Radio Javan or watch BBC Persian, the hosts frequently use بدرود to sign off. It provides a professional and neutral ending that transcends regional dialects. In Tehran, Kabul, or Dushanbe, بدرود is recognized as the elegant standard.

News & Media
Used at the end of reports. 'Until our next program, farewell.' (Ta barname-ye ayande, bedrud.)
Cinema & Theatre
In historical dramas or serious films, characters use it to underscore the importance of a departure.

Another common place to encounter this word is in the world of Persian literature and poetry. While modern poets might use it as a stylistic choice, it is a staple in audiobooks of the Shahnameh (The Book of Kings). In these epic tales, heroes don't just 'leave'; they say بدرود to their kings and families before heading into battle. This gives the word an aura of bravery and ancient chivalry.

گوینده اخبار گفت: «شب خوش و بدرود.»

— The news anchor said: 'Goodnight and farewell.'

Interestingly, you will also see بدرود in formal written announcements, such as obituary notices or retirement letters. It serves as a respectful way to say a final goodbye to a colleague or a loved one. In the digital age, some Iranian 'Netizens' use it in blog posts or long-form social media essays to provide a sophisticated conclusion to their thoughts. It separates the casual 'scrolling' culture from the 'thinking' culture.

The most frequent mistake learners make with بدرود is a 'register mismatch.' Persian is a language highly sensitive to social hierarchy and context (Ta'arof). Using بدرود in a situation that calls for Khoda Hafez or the even more casual Fellan (Bye for now) can make you sound like a character out of a 10th-century poem. It’s not 'wrong' grammatically, but it is 'wrong' socially.

The 'Coffee Shop' Error
Saying 'Bedrud' to a barista. It's too heavy for a 30-second interaction. Stick to 'Mersi, Khoda Hafez.'
Confusion with 'Dorud'
Learners often mix up 'Dorud' (Hello) and 'Bedrud' (Goodbye). Remember: 'Be-' is for 'Bye.'

Another mistake is over-explaining the word. Since بدرود is an interjection, it doesn't need to be wrapped in complex grammar. Some learners try to conjugate it or add plural endings, which is incorrect. It is a static block of meaning. Also, be careful with pronunciation. The 'u' sound (vav) should be long and deep, like the 'oo' in 'food,' not a short 'u' like in 'bud.'

غلط: ما به آن‌ها بدرودیم. (Wrong: We 'farewelled' them.)

درست: ما با آن‌ها بدرود گفتیم.

Lastly, avoid using it if you are planning to see the person in 5 minutes. بدرود implies a certain duration of absence. It is a 'farewell' for the day, the week, or longer. If you are just stepping out to grab a napkin, using this word will confuse your Persian friends, who might think you are leaving the party early for good!

Persian has a rich palette of ways to say goodbye, and choosing the right one is an art. بدرود sits at the top of the formality pyramid. Below it, we find several other options that every learner should master to sound natural in different settings.

خداحافظ (Khoda Hafez)
The standard, 'safe' goodbye. Used everywhere from offices to homes. Literally 'God [be your] Protector.'
به امید دیدار (Be Omid-e Didar)
Literally 'In the hope of a meeting.' Similar to 'See you later' or 'Until we meet again.' Very common and polite.
فعلاً (Fellan)
Casual. 'For now.' Used when you expect to see the person again soon.

When comparing بدرود to Alveda (الوداع), another formal goodbye, بدرود feels more 'Persian' while Alveda (of Arabic origin) feels more 'classical/religious' or even 'archaic.' In modern Iran, Alveda is rarely used except in very specific religious or highly dramatic contexts. بدرود is much more active in the modern formal lexicon.

مقایسه: «خداحافظ» صمیمی است، اما «بدرود» رسمی و باشکوه است.

— Comparison: 'Khoda Hafez' is intimate, but 'Bedrud' is formal and grand.

For learners, the best strategy is to use Khoda Hafez as your default, but keep بدرود in your pocket for when you want to impress someone with your literary flair or when you are writing a formal letter. If you are signing off a video or a public speech, بدرود is your best friend. It provides a clean, professional, and culturally rich ending to your interaction.

How Formal Is It?

حقيقة ممتعة

The word 'Dorud' (Hello) and 'Bedrud' (Goodbye) share the same root, meaning health. So in ancient Persian, whether you arrived or left, people wished you health!

دليل النطق

UK /bedˈɾuːd/
US /bedˈrud/
The stress is on the second syllable: bed-RUD.
يتقافى مع
Dorud (Greeting) Shorud (Songs/Melodies) Forud (Landing/Descent) Zud (Quick) Rud (River) Sud (Profit) Dud (Smoke) Pud (Weft in weaving)
أخطاء شائعة
  • Pronouncing it as 'Bad-rud' (with an 'a' sound).
  • Making the 'u' sound too short (like 'bud').
  • Forgetting to roll the 'r' slightly.
  • Stressing the first syllable.
  • Confusing it with 'Dorood'.

مستوى الصعوبة

القراءة 2/5

Easy to recognize due to its unique shape and common use in texts.

الكتابة 3/5

Must remember the 'vav' (u) and not confuse it with 'Dorud'.

التحدث 3/5

Requires correct intonation to not sound too robotic or misplaced.

الاستماع 2/5

Very clear and distinct sound in formal speech.

ماذا تتعلّم بعد ذلك

المتطلبات الأساسية

سلام خداحافظ درود خوب روز

تعلّم لاحقاً

تودیع وداع سپاس خواهش می‌کنم ارادت

متقدم

فارسی سره پهلوی شاهنامه ادبیات کلاسیک

قواعد يجب معرفتها

Interjections as stand-alone sentences

بدرود!

The preposition 'با' used with Bedrud in verb phrases

با او بدرود گفتم.

The Ezafe construction in noun phrases

لحظه‌ی بدرود (The moment of farewell).

Vocative 'Ey' with formal nouns

بدرود ای وطن!

Word order in formal sign-offs

تا درودی دیگر (Until another greeting), بدرود.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

أمثلة حسب المستوى

1

بدرود، مریم.

Farewell, Maryam.

Used as a simple interjection.

2

استاد گفت: بدرود.

The professor said: Farewell.

Subject + Verb + Quote.

3

بدرود، تا فردا.

Farewell, until tomorrow.

Combined with a time expression.

4

آن‌ها گفتند بدرود و رفتند.

They said farewell and left.

Compound sentence with 'and'.

5

بدرود، آقای مدیر.

Farewell, Mr. Manager.

Formal address.

6

او فقط گفت بدرود.

He only said farewell.

Adverb 'faghat' (only) modifying the verb.

7

بدرود، دوست من.

Farewell, my friend.

Possessive 'man' (my).

8

یک کلمه گفت: بدرود.

He said one word: Farewell.

Simple object.

1

در پایان نامه نوشت: بدرود.

At the end of the letter, he wrote: Farewell.

Prepositional phrase 'dar payan-e'.

2

گوینده رادیو گفت: تا فردا بدرود.

The radio host said: Until tomorrow, farewell.

Media context.

3

بدرود، سفر خوبی داشته باشید.

Farewell, have a good trip.

Imperative mood in the second clause.

4

او با لبخند گفت: بدرود.

He said with a smile: Farewell.

Adverbial phrase 'ba labkhand'.

5

ما در ایستگاه قطار با او بدرود گفتیم.

We said farewell to him at the train station.

Past tense verb 'goftim'.

6

بدرود، به امید دیداری دوباره.

Farewell, in the hope of meeting again.

Common formal closing phrase.

7

او قبل از رفتن گفت: بدرود.

Before going, he said: Farewell.

Subordinate clause 'ghabl az raftan'.

8

بدرود، مراقب خودتان باشید.

Farewell, take care of yourself.

Polite imperative.

1

این واژه برای خداحافظی رسمی به کار می‌رود؛ بدرود.

This word is used for formal farewells; farewell.

Passive voice 'be kar miravad'.

2

بدرود، ای سرزمین مادری من.

Farewell, O my motherland.

Vocative 'Ey'.

3

نویسنده کتاب را با کلمه بدرود تمام کرد.

The author finished the book with the word farewell.

Instrumental 'ba'.

4

او با لحنی غمگین گفت: بدرود.

He said with a sad tone: Farewell.

Descriptive noun phrase.

5

بدرود، امیدوارم در کارهایتان موفق باشید.

Farewell, I hope you are successful in your affairs.

Subjunctive mood 'bashid'.

6

او برای همیشه با دنیای بازیگری بدرود گفت.

He said farewell to the world of acting forever.

Idiomatic use for retirement.

7

بدرود، خاطرات خوبمان را فراموش نمی‌کنم.

Farewell, I won't forget our good memories.

Future/Present negative.

8

در مراسم تودیع، همه با او بدرود گفتند.

At the farewell ceremony, everyone said farewell to him.

Locative 'dar marasem-e'.

1

بدرود، تا درودی دیگر و زمانی بهتر.

Farewell, until another greeting and a better time.

Parallel structure.

2

او با وقار تمام گفت: بدرود.

He said with total dignity: Farewell.

Intensifier 'tamam'.

3

این بدرودی تلخ برای تمام اعضای گروه بود.

This was a bitter farewell for all members of the group.

Used as a noun with an adjective.

4

بدرود، ای قهرمان نامی ایران زمین.

Farewell, O famous hero of the land of Iran.

Epic/Literary style.

5

او ترجیح داد به جای خداحافظی معمولی، بگوید بدرود.

He preferred to say farewell instead of a common goodbye.

Infinitive 'goftan' after 'tarjih dad'.

6

بدرود، که این آخرین دیدار ما خواهد بود.

Farewell, for this will be our last meeting.

Conjunction 'ke' meaning 'since/for'.

7

او با نگاهی نافذ به من گفت: بدرود.

With a piercing gaze, he said to me: Farewell.

Adjective 'nafez'.

8

بدرود، باشد که در آینده دوباره همدیگر را ببینیم.

Farewell, may it be that we see each other again in the future.

Optative construction 'bashad ke'.

1

در ادبیات حماسی، بدرود معنایی فراتر از یک خداحافظی ساده دارد.

In epic literature, farewell has a meaning beyond a simple goodbye.

Complex subject-predicate.

2

او با یک بدرود کوتاه، به سال‌ها همکاری پایان داد.

With a short farewell, he ended years of collaboration.

Abstract noun usage.

3

بدرود، ای که جوانی‌ام را در پایت ریختم.

Farewell, O you for whom I poured my youth at your feet.

Poetic relative clause.

4

او چنان با شکوه بدرود گفت که گویی هرگز باز نخواهد گشت.

He said farewell so grandly as if he would never return.

Adverbial 'chonan... ke'.

5

بدرود، کلمه‌ای که طنین تاریخ را در خود دارد.

Farewell, a word that holds the resonance of history within itself.

Appositive phrase.

6

او در سکوت ایستاد و با تکان دادن سر، بدرود گفت.

He stood in silence and said farewell with a nod of the head.

Gerund-like 'takan dadan'.

7

بدرود، که جدایی ما را سرنوشت رقم زده است.

Farewell, for fate has written our separation.

Passive/Fate-based expression.

8

او با کلماتش پلی ساخت و در انتهایش گفت: بدرود.

He built a bridge with his words and at its end said: Farewell.

Metaphorical usage.

1

واژه‌ی بدرود، یادگار دوران شکوه زبان پهلوی در عصر معاصر است.

The word 'Bedrud' is a relic of the glory of the Pahlavi language era in the contemporary age.

Historical linguistic analysis.

2

او با بدرودی جانسوز، از معشوق خویش جدا گشت.

With a soul-burning farewell, he separated from his beloved.

Compound adjective 'jansuz'.

3

بدرود، ای آخرین بارقه‌ی امید در شب‌های تاریک تنهایی.

Farewell, O last spark of hope in the dark nights of loneliness.

High literary vocative.

4

در دیباچه‌ی کتابش، با تمام تعلقات دنیوی بدرود گفته بود.

In the preface of his book, he had said farewell to all worldly attachments.

Past perfect 'goofteh bud'.

5

بدرود، واژه‌ای که در آن هم درد نهفته است و هم درمان.

Farewell, a word in which both pain and cure are hidden.

Correlative conjunctions 'ham... ham'.

6

او با بدرودی شاعرانه، صحنه‌ی زندگی را برای همیشه ترک کرد.

With a poetic farewell, he left the stage of life forever.

Euphemism for death.

7

بدرود، که این نغمه‌ی پایانیِ سمفونیِ دوستیِ ماست.

Farewell, for this is the final melody of our friendship's symphony.

Metaphorical noun chain (Ezafe).

8

او در آخرین نامه‌اش، با زبانی سره و استوار، بدرود گفت.

In his last letter, with a pure and steadfast language, he said farewell.

Linguistic register description.

تلازمات شائعة

بدرود گفتن
بدرود نهایی
بدرودی تلخ
تا درودی دیگر، بدرود
بدرود همیشگی
لحظه بدرود
اشک بدرود
بدرود ای وطن
نامه بدرود
بدرود با شکوه

العبارات الشائعة

بدرود زندگی

— A poetic way to refer to death or leaving life.

او با زندگی بدرود گفت.

بدرود با گذشته

— Letting go of the past.

وقت آن است که با گذشته بدرود بگوییم.

بدرود ای دوست

— A formal way to say goodbye to a friend.

بدرود ای دوست قدیم.

بدرود و دو صد بدرود

— An emphasized, very formal farewell.

Literally: Farewell and two hundred farewells.

بدرود تا ابد

— Farewell forever.

بدرود تا ابد، دیگر برنمی‌گردم.

بدرود ای عشق

— Farewell O love.

In a romantic or tragic context.

بدرود و خسته نباشید

— Farewell and don't be tired (common for workers).

Used at the end of a shift.

بدرود ای جوانی

— Farewell to youth.

Reflecting on getting older.

بدرود ای قهرمان

— Farewell to a hero.

Used at funerals of notable people.

بدرود و سلام

— Farewell and hello (referring to cycles).

The cycle of meetings and partings.

يُخلط عادةً مع

بدرود vs درود

Means 'Hello'. Bedrud means 'Goodbye'. Remember: 'Be' for 'Bye'.

بدرود vs بِدرود

Sometimes confused with 'Be dorud' (with a greeting), but Bedrud is one integrated word.

بدرود vs بدرد

Means 'to tear' or 'it hurts'. Completely different meaning.

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

"با دنیا بدرود گفتن"

— To pass away; to die.

شاعر بزرگ با دنیا بدرود گفت.

Euphemistic/Formal
"با فقر بدرود گفتن"

— To become wealthy; to leave poverty behind.

او با فقر بدرود گفت.

Metaphorical
"بدرود گفتن به آرزوها"

— To give up on one's dreams.

او به آرزوهایش بدرود گفت.

Literary
"بدرود گفتن به قدرت"

— To step down from a position of power.

پادشاه به قدرت بدرود گفت.

Formal
"بدرود گفتن به تنهایی"

— To find a partner or friend; to end loneliness.

با آمدن تو، به تنهایی بدرود گفتم.

Poetic
"بدرود گفتن به وطن"

— To emigrate; to leave one's country.

او با چشمان گریان به وطن بدرود گفت.

Emotional/Formal
"بدرود گفتن به جوانی"

— To enter old age.

آینه می‌گوید به جوانی بدرود گفته‌ای.

Literary
"بدرود گفتن به عقل"

— To go crazy (usually in love).

عاشق شد و به عقل بدرود گفت.

Poetic
"بدرود گفتن به خواب"

— To stay awake; to lose sleep over something.

از نگرانی به خواب بدرود گفتم.

Literary
"بدرود گفتن به زین"

— To stop riding (metaphor for retirement from action).

پهلوان به زین بدرود گفت.

Archaic/Epic

سهل الخلط

بدرود vs درود

Phonetically similar.

Dorud is for arriving; Bedrud is for leaving.

درود بر شما! (Hello!) vs بدرود! (Goodbye!)

بدرود vs وداع

Both mean farewell.

Vada is more emotional/tragic; Bedrud is more formal/standard.

وداع جانسوز (A heartbreaking parting).

بدرود vs خداحافظ

Both used for leaving.

Khoda Hafez is religious-rooted and common; Bedrud is Persian-rooted and formal.

خداحافظ مامان! (Bye Mom!)

بدرود vs سپاس

Both are 'Pure Persian' formal words.

Sepas means 'Thank you'.

سپاس و بدرود.

بدرود vs فرود

Rhymes with Bedrud.

Forud means 'Landing' (like a plane).

هواپیما به زمین فرود آمد.

أنماط الجُمل

A1

[Name], Bedrud.

علی، بدرود.

A2

Ta [Time], Bedrud.

تا فردا، بدرود.

B1

Ba [Someone] Bedrud goftan.

با برادرم بدرود گفتم.

B2

Bedrud ey [Place/Object].

بدرود ای خانه قدیمی.

C1

Bedrud, ke [Reason].

بدرود، که وقت رفتن است.

C2

[Adjective] Bedrud goftan.

باشکوه تمام بدرود گفت.

B1

Bedrud va [Wish].

بدرود و موفق باشید.

A2

Bedrud, [Polite Command].

بدرود، مراقب باشید.

عائلة الكلمة

الأسماء

درود (Greeting)
بدرود (Farewell)

الأفعال

درود فرستادن (To send greetings)
بدرود گفتن (To say farewell)

الصفات

بدرودی (Related to farewell)

مرتبط

تودیع (Farewell ceremony)
وداع (Parting)
خداحافظی (Goodbye)
هجرت (Migration)
سفر (Travel)
سجّل مجاناً لرؤية جميع الأمثلة

كيفية الاستخدام

frequency

High in media/literature, Low in street speech.

أخطاء شائعة
  • Saying 'Bad-rud' → Bedrud

    The first vowel is an 'e' (as in bed), not an 'a' (as in bad).

  • Using it with a waiter → Khoda Hafez

    'Bedrud' is too formal for service interactions.

  • Writing it as 'بدرد' → بدرود

    You must include the 'vav' (و) for the long 'u' sound.

  • Saying 'Bedrud' when arriving → Dorud

    'Bedrud' is only for leaving. 'Dorud' is for arriving.

  • Trying to conjugate it like a verb → Bedrud goftim

    'Bedrud' itself doesn't change; you must use the auxiliary verb 'goftan' (to say).

نصائح

Business Meetings

Always end a formal business meeting or a presentation with 'Bedrud' to leave a professional impression.

The Long U

Make sure the 'u' is long. If you say it too fast, it might not be recognized as 'Bedrud'.

Email Sign-offs

Combine it with 'Sepas' (Thank you) for a very elegant email ending: 'Sepas va Bedrud'.

Nationalism

Using 'Bedrud' is often seen as a sign of pride in Persian heritage. It's a great way to show you've studied the language deeply.

Avoid in Cafes

Don't use it in casual shops or cafes; it's like wearing a tuxedo to a beach party.

Radio Sign-offs

Listen to Radio Javan; you'll hear the DJs say 'Bedrud' at the end of their sets.

No Conjugation

Remember, you don't need to change the word for plural or singular. It's always 'Bedrud'.

Be-Bye

Just remember: 'Be' is for 'Bye'. This will stop you from mixing it up with 'Dorud'.

Poetry Reading

If you are reading a Persian poem aloud, 'Bedrud' is the perfect way to conclude the performance.

Pure Persian

Learn 'Dorud' and 'Bedrud' together. They are the 'Hello' and 'Goodbye' of the Pure Persian set.

احفظها

وسيلة تذكّر

Think of 'Bed' + 'Rude'. If someone goes to 'Bed' and is 'Rude' by not saying goodbye, you should tell them 'Bedrud' to show them how to do it formally!

ربط بصري

Imagine a news anchor in a sharp suit, waving slowly as the screen fades to black, with the word 'BEDRUD' appearing in elegant gold letters.

Word Web

Formal Goodbye Pure Persian Pahlavi News sign-off Poetic Health Farewell

تحدٍّ

Try to find a Persian news clip on YouTube and listen to the very last 10 seconds. Can you hear the presenter say 'Bedrud'?

أصل الكلمة

Derived from Middle Persian (Pahlavi) 'pad-drōd'. 'Pad' is a preposition meaning 'to' or 'with', and 'drōd' means 'health', 'peace', or 'prosperity'.

المعنى الأصلي: Go with health; stay in prosperity.

Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Iranian > Western Iranian > Persian

السياق الثقافي

It is a neutral, polite word. No sensitivities, though using it too much in casual settings might make you seem slightly pretentious or 'trying too hard' to be formal.

Think of 'Bedrud' as 'Farewell' or 'Adieu'. We don't say it at McDonald's, but we might use it in a graduation speech.

Used frequently in the Shahnameh of Ferdowsi. The sign-off of many famous Iranian radio hosts like Maryam Neshabi. Commonly found in the lyrics of 'Vatan' (Homeland) themed songs.

تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية

سياقات واقعية

Ending a formal email

  • با سپاس و بدرود
  • بدرود، ارادتمند شما
  • در انتظار پاسخ، بدرود
  • با آرزوی بهترین‌ها، بدرود

Public Speaking

  • بدرود و پیروز باشید
  • تا دیداری دیگر، بدرود
  • از توجه شما ممنونم، بدرود
  • در پناه حق، بدرود

Literature/Storytelling

  • او با وطنش بدرود گفت
  • اشک‌های بدرود
  • بدرودی تلخ و سنگین
  • آخرین کلامش بدرود بود

News Broadcast

  • شب بر شما خوش، بدرود
  • تا هفته آینده، بدرود
  • از همراهی شما سپاسگزاریم، بدرود
  • بدرود و وقت بخیر

Formal Departure (Airport/Station)

  • بدرود، مراقب خودت باش
  • بدرود، به امید موفقیت
  • بدرود، دلمان تنگ می‌شود
  • سفر به سلامت، بدرود

بدايات محادثة

"آیا می‌دانستید کلمه 'بدرود' ریشه در زبان پهلوی دارد؟"

"چرا در اخبار همیشه از 'بدرود' استفاده می‌کنند؟"

"تفاوت 'خداحافظ' و 'بدرود' از نظر شما چیست؟"

"آخرین باری که به کسی 'بدرود' گفتید کی بود؟"

"آیا در زبان شما هم کلمه‌ای به این اندازه رسمی برای خداحافظی وجود دارد؟"

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

درباره یک بدرود تلخ در زندگی‌تان بنویسید. (Write about a bitter farewell in your life.)

چرا برخی ایرانیان ترجیح می‌دهند به جای خداحافظ از بدرود استفاده کنند؟

یک نامه رسمی کوتاه بنویسید و در آن از کلمه بدرود استفاده کنید.

تصور کنید یک قهرمان تاریخی هستید؛ چگونه با مردم خود بدرود می‌گویید؟

تأثیر کلمات اصیل مانند 'بدرود' بر حفظ فرهنگ یک کشور چیست؟

الأسئلة الشائعة

10 أسئلة

You can, but it will sound very formal or even funny. It's like saying 'Farewell' to your friends in English. Use 'Khoda Hafez' or 'Fellan' instead for a more natural vibe.

Yes, 'Bedrud' is understood and used in Dari Persian in Afghanistan, primarily in formal contexts and literature, much like in Iran.

The most direct opposite is 'Dorud' (Hello/Greeting). Both words share the same root meaning health and prosperity.

No, 'Bedrud' is considered a secular, 'Pure Persian' word. It is often used by people who prefer to avoid Arabic-rooted religious terms like 'Khoda Hafez'.

It is written as 'بدرود'. It starts with 'Be' (ب), then 'Dal' (د), 'Re' (ر), 'Vav' (و), and ends with 'Dal' (د).

It's a poetic way of saying 'Until we greet each other again, goodbye.' It uses the arrival word (Dorud) and the departure word (Bedrud) together.

No, but it can be used when saying goodbye at night. For 'Goodnight', use 'Shab Khosh' or 'Shab be Kheyr'.

Yes, it dates back over a thousand years to Middle Persian, but it has been successfully revived in modern formal Persian.

Yes, you can say 'Bedrud-e ma' (Our farewell), but it is most commonly used as an interjection (Goodbye!).

In English transliteration, both are used, but 'Bedrud' is standard. The 'u' sound is long, like in 'blue'.

سجّل مجاناً للنصائح والملاحظات

اختبر نفسك 98 أسئلة

writing

Write a formal sentence closing a letter using 'Bedrud'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة:
writing

Translate to Persian: 'Farewell my dear friend.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة:
speaking

Record yourself saying 'Ta dorudi digar, bedrud' with a formal intonation.

Read this aloud:

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة:
listening

Listen to the clip. Did the speaker say 'Dorud' or 'Bedrud'?

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة:
صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة:

/ 98 correct

Perfect score!

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