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B2 noun 9 دقيقة للقراءة

حیطه

hiteh
أمثلة حیطه في 30 ثانية
الشرح حیطه in your Level:
At the A1 level, the word 'حیطه' (Hiteh) is quite advanced, but you can think of it as a very formal way to say 'my area' or 'my job.' Imagine you are playing a game and you have a small circle. Everything inside the circle is your 'حیطه.' In simple Persian, we usually use easier words like 'جا' (place) or 'کار' (work). However, if you want to learn this word now, just remember it means a special space that belongs to a person's knowledge or job. You might hear a teacher say, 'This is not in my hiteh,' meaning 'I don't know about this' or 'I don't teach this.' It is like a fence around what you know. Don't worry about using it in every sentence yet. Just try to recognize it when you hear someone talking about their job or their special skills. It always ends with an 'e' sound, like 'Hiteh.'
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For A2 learners, 'حیطه' is a word you will start to see in simple news articles or formal letters. It means 'sphere' or 'domain.' You can use it to talk about what you are good at. For example, if you are a cook, cooking is your 'حیطه.' If you are a student, studying is your 'حیطه.' A common way to use it is with the word 'خارج' (outside). If someone asks you a very hard question about space and you are a history student, you can say 'This is outside my hiteh.' It sounds very polite and professional. It helps you set boundaries. Remember that in Persian, we often add a small 'ye' sound after it if another word follows it, like 'Hite-ye man' (my sphere). It's a step up from 'kar' (work) or 'zamineh' (field). Learning this word helps you sound more like a serious student of the language.
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At the B1 level, you should begin integrating 'حیطه' into your professional and academic vocabulary. You will realize that it is more specific than 'حوزه' (field). While 'حوزه' can be a general area, 'حیطه' often implies a sense of responsibility or a boundary. For instance, in a workplace, 'حیطه وظایف' (the sphere of duties) is a very common phrase. It defines exactly what you are supposed to do. You will also see this word in psychology or education discussions, such as the 'cognitive sphere' (حیطه شناختی). When you use 'حیطه,' you are showing that you understand the limits of a topic. It is a great word to use when you are giving a presentation or writing an essay to define the scope of your work. Practice saying 'در حیطه تخصص من' (in my field of expertise) to sound more confident in meetings or interviews.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At the B2 level, 'حیطه' is a key vocabulary item for discussing abstract concepts and professional jurisdictions. You should be able to distinguish it from synonyms like 'قلمرو' (realm) or 'محدوده' (limit). 'حیطه' is particularly useful for discussing the 'sphere of influence' (حیطه نفوذ) in history or politics, or the 'scope of authority' (حیطه اختیارات) in legal contexts. You will notice it used in complex sentence structures with the Ezafe construction. At this level, you should use it to articulate the boundaries of theories or the limits of governmental power. For example, 'The government should not enter the private hiteh of people.' This word allows you to move away from simple descriptions and into more nuanced analysis of how different parts of society and knowledge interact. It is a 'boundary' word that helps you categorize information effectively.
For C1 learners, 'حیطه' becomes a tool for philosophical and highly technical discourse. You will encounter it in academic papers where 'حیطه پژوهش' (research scope) must be strictly defined to ensure the validity of the study. You should understand its nuances in different registers—from the legalistic 'حیطه صلاحیت' (jurisdictional competence) to the psychological 'حیطه عاطفی' (affective domain). At this level, you can use the word to discuss the 'encroachment' of one domain onto another, or the 'interdisciplinary' nature of modern science where 'حیطه‌ها' overlap. You should also be comfortable with its etymological connections to words like 'احاطه' (encompassing) and 'محاط' (enclosed), using this knowledge to appreciate the depth of the word in literature. Your usage should reflect an understanding that 'حیطه' is not just a field, but a defined space of power, knowledge, or existence.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of 'حیطه' and its sophisticated applications in classical and modern Persian. You can use it to discuss the 'ontological spheres' in philosophy or the 'jurisdictional intricacies' in international law. You understand that 'حیطه' can represent the totality of a person's intellectual reach. You can use it metaphorically in creative writing or poetry to describe the 'sphere of silence' or the 'realm of the unspoken.' At this level, you are also aware of how the word has been used historically in Persian translations of Arabic logic and philosophy. You can effortlessly switch between 'حیطه,' 'قلمرو,' 'اقلیم,' and 'حوزه' to achieve the exact rhetorical effect you desire. You use the word to define the very limits of human language and thought, recognizing that some truths may lie 'خارج از حیطه کلام' (beyond the sphere of words).
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أمثلة

حیطه في 30 ثانية

  • A formal noun meaning 'sphere,' 'domain,' or 'scope' of activity or knowledge.
  • Used to define professional boundaries and the limits of one's authority or expertise.
  • Commonly paired with 'kharej az' (outside of) to state something is beyond reach.
  • Essential for academic, legal, and professional communication in Persian at a B2 level.

The Persian word حیطه (pronounced 'hi-teh') is a sophisticated noun primarily used to define a specific boundary, domain, or sphere of influence. While its literal origins suggest an enclosure or a fenced area, in modern Persian, it has evolved into a highly abstract term used to delineate the limits of knowledge, authority, responsibility, or activity. When you use حیطه, you are not just talking about a physical space; you are talking about the conceptual perimeter within which something operates or exists. It is a word frequently encountered in academic, legal, professional, and intellectual discourses. For an English speaker, the best equivalents are 'sphere,' 'domain,' 'realm,' 'scope,' or 'jurisdiction.' Understanding حیطه is crucial for reaching a B2 or C1 level of Persian because it allows you to discuss complex topics such as professional boundaries or the limits of scientific inquiry with precision.

Professional Context
In workplace settings, it defines the scope of one's duties. For example, 'حیطه وظایف' refers to the specific set of responsibilities assigned to an employee.
Academic Context
In research, it describes the 'حیطه تحقیق' or the scope of the study, indicating what the research covers and what it excludes.
Legal and Political
It is used to describe 'حیطه اختیارات' or the scope of authority granted to an official or an organization.

این پرسش خارج از حیطه تخصص من است و نمی‌توانم به آن پاسخ دهم.

Translation: This question is outside the sphere of my expertise and I cannot answer it.

The word carries a certain weight and formality. You wouldn't typically use it when talking about mundane chores unless you were being intentionally humorous or overly formal. Instead, it appears in discussions about 'حیطه نفوذ' (sphere of influence) in history or 'حیطه آگاهی' (realm of consciousness) in psychology. It helps the speaker establish a clear 'inside' and 'outside.' When someone says something is 'در حیطه من نیست' (it is not in my sphere), they are politely but firmly stating that they lack the authority or the knowledge to deal with that particular matter. This makes it an essential tool for setting boundaries in both professional and personal communication.

دولت نباید در حیطه خصوصی زندگی شهروندان دخالت کند.

Translation: The government should not interfere in the private sphere of citizens' lives.

Historically, the word shares a root with 'احاطه' (surrounding/encompassing). This etymological link is vital because it emphasizes the act of 'surrounding' a subject. When you master a 'حیطه,' you have intellectually surrounded it, leaving no part of it unknown to you. In philosophical texts, حیطه is often contrasted with the infinite, representing the finite limits of human understanding. It is a word that commands respect because it implies a structured and organized way of thinking about the world and its various departments.

تکنولوژی جدید حیطه امکانات بشر را گسترش داده است.

Using حیطه correctly requires understanding its role as a noun that usually takes an 'Ezafe' (the linking -e sound) to connect with another noun. It functions similarly to 'field' or 'area' in English sentences like 'the field of science' or 'the area of responsibility.' Because it is a formal word, it often appears in sentences that use light verb constructions or complex prepositional phrases. You will frequently see it paired with verbs like 'بودن' (to be), 'گنجیدن' (to fit/be contained), or 'قرار داشتن' (to be located/situated).

With 'خارج از' (Outside of)
This is the most common construction. It indicates that something is beyond the scope of a subject. Example: 'خارج از حیطه اختیارات من' (Outside my scope of authority).
With 'در' (In/Within)
Used to define what is included. Example: 'در حیطه دانش بشری' (Within the sphere of human knowledge).

نویسنده در این کتاب، حیطه وسیعی از موضوعات اجتماعی را بررسی می‌کند.

Translation: The author examines a wide sphere of social issues in this book.

When constructing sentences, remember that حیطه is often used to describe abstract boundaries. If you are talking about a physical field where cows graze, use 'مزرعه' or 'دشت.' If you are talking about a physical neighborhood, use 'محله.' Use حیطه when you want to sound professional or when the boundary is intellectual. For instance, in a job interview, saying 'من در حیطه مدیریت پروژه تجربه دارم' (I have experience in the sphere of project management) sounds much more impressive than using a simpler word like 'کار' (work).

حل این مشکل در حیطه توانایی‌های ما نیست.

Translation: Solving this problem is not within the sphere of our abilities.

Another advanced usage involves the plural form 'حیطه‌ها' (spheres). This is used when discussing interdisciplinary subjects or multiple domains of life. For example, 'توازن میان حیطه‌های مختلف زندگی' (balance between different spheres of life) refers to work-life balance or the balance between social, personal, and professional realms. In academic writing, you might see 'حیطه مطالعاتی' (study area) used to define the specific niche a scholar occupies.

هر علمی حیطه خاص خود را دارد.

You will encounter حیطه in environments where precision and formality are valued. It is a staple of the evening news, where journalists discuss 'حیطه نفوذ قدرت‌های بزرگ' (the sphere of influence of great powers) or 'حیطه وظایف نهادهای دولتی' (the scope of duties of government institutions). If you listen to Persian podcasts focused on psychology, business, or philosophy, you will hear it constantly. Psychologists often talk about the 'حیطه شناختی' (cognitive domain) or 'حیطه عاطفی' (affective domain) of the human mind.

In the Office
Managers use it to define roles: 'این موضوع در حیطه کاری شماست' (This matter is in your work sphere).
In University Lectures
Professors use it to limit the discussion: 'ما امروز فقط در حیطه ادبیات کلاسیک بحث می‌کنیم' (Today we only discuss within the realm of classical literature).

در حیطه سیاست، هیچ چیز قطعی نیست.

Translation: In the sphere of politics, nothing is certain.

In legal settings, حیطه is used to define jurisdiction. A judge might rule that a case is 'خارج از حیطه صلاحیت این دادگاه' (outside the sphere of this court's competence). This usage is very strict and carries legal consequences. Similarly, in the medical field, a doctor might refer a patient to a specialist because the condition is 'خارج از حیطه تخصص عمومی' (outside the sphere of general expertise). Hearing this word usually signals that the speaker is moving from generalities to specifics.

هنر حیطه آزادی مطلق است.

Translation: Art is the sphere of absolute freedom.

Finally, you might hear it in literary or poetic contexts, though less frequently than in prose. Poets might use it to describe the 'حیطه عشق' (the realm of love) as a place with its own laws and boundaries. It provides a sense of structure to even the most emotional topics. Whether you are reading a contract, a scientific paper, or listening to a debate on social media, حیطه is the word that defines where one thing ends and another begins.

این کشف، حیطه علم فیزیک را دگرگون کرد.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing حیطه (Hiteh) with محیط (Mohit). While they share a root and both relate to 'surrounding,' they are used very differently. Mohit usually refers to the physical environment or surroundings (like 'محیط زیست' for environment or 'محیط کار' for the physical office). Hiteh, on the other hand, is almost always abstract and refers to the scope or domain of something. You wouldn't say 'the hiteh of the forest' if you mean the physical woods, but you would say 'the hiteh of biology' if you mean the academic field.

Mistake: Using it for physical space
Incorrect: 'حیطه این اتاق کوچک است.' (The sphere of this room is small.) Correct: 'فضای این اتاق کوچک است.'
Mistake: Confusing with 'حوزه'
While 'حوزه' (Hozeh) is a synonym, 'حیطه' is more about boundaries and authority, while 'حوزه' is often used for general fields or physical basins. In many cases they are interchangeable, but 'حیطه وظایف' is more standard than 'حوزه وظایف'.

اشتباه: این در محیط تخصص من نیست.

Correction: It should be 'حیطه' because you are talking about the scope of expertise, not the surrounding environment.

Another mistake is forgetting the silent 'h' at the end during spelling or pronunciation. In Persian, the final 'ه' is often silent (acting as a vowel 'e'). However, when you add the Ezafe, you must add a 'y' sound (حیطه‌ی). Some learners forget this and say 'Hite-e' which sounds clipped and incorrect to a native ear. Spelling-wise, do not confuse it with 'حیات' (life) or 'حیاط' (courtyard). Although they sound somewhat similar to a beginner, their meanings and roots are entirely different.

اشتباه: حیطه حیاط مدرسه بزرگ است.

Correction: Here 'حیاط' (courtyard) is a physical space. Using 'حیطه' before it is redundant and awkward.

Lastly, avoid using حیطه in very casual conversations with friends. If you are talking about whose turn it is to wash the dishes, saying 'این در حیطه وظایف توست' (This is within the sphere of your duties) will sound sarcastic or like you are trying to be a lawyer. Use simpler terms like 'نوبت' (turn) or 'کار' (job) in those settings. Reserve حیطه for times when you want to sound precise and professional.

Persian is rich with words that describe areas, fields, and domains. Choosing the right one depends on the context. While حیطه is excellent for 'scope' and 'jurisdiction,' other words might be better suited for 'academic field' or 'physical territory.' Understanding these nuances will make your Persian sound much more natural and sophisticated.

حوزه (Hozeh)
Often used for 'field' or 'sector.' Common in 'حوزه علمیه' (religious seminary) or 'حوزه انتخاباتی' (electoral district). It is the closest synonym to 'حیطه' but feels slightly broader.
قلمرو (Qalamrow)
Means 'territory' or 'realm.' It has a more sovereign or majestic feel. A king has a 'قلمرو,' and a lion has its 'قلمرو.' In abstract terms, it refers to the 'realm' of thought.
زمینه (Zamineh)
Literally means 'ground' or 'background.' Used for 'field of study' or 'background context.' Example: 'زمینه فعالیت' (field of activity).
محدوده (Mahdoudeh)
Focuses on the 'limit' or 'range.' Used for geographic boundaries or the range of a signal/voice.

مقایسه: حیطه (Scope of authority) vs قلمرو (Territorial realm).

When deciding between حیطه and زمینه, think about the 'edge.' If you are focusing on what's inside the field, زمینه is often better. If you are focusing on where the field ends and its legal or professional boundaries, حیطه is the superior choice. For example, 'زمینه تحقیق' is the topic you are researching, but 'حیطه تحقیق' is the boundary of what your research will and will not cover.

او در حوزه‌های مختلف هنری فعالیت دارد.

Translation: He is active in various artistic fields.

In summary, while 'حوزه' and 'حیطه' are often interchangeable in modern Persian, 'حیطه' remains the most precise word for discussing boundaries, duties, and specific jurisdictions. If you want to sound like an expert in your field, using حیطه correctly to define your professional scope will instantly elevate your speech.

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أمثلة حسب المستوى

1

این حیطه من است.

This is my area.

Simple subject-predicate sentence with 'in' (این) and 'ast' (است).

2

حیطه کار او کجاست؟

Where is his area of work?

Using 'kojast' for a question about location/domain.

3

من در این حیطه نیستم.

I am not in this sphere.

Negative form of 'to be' (nistam).

4

حیطه او کوچک است.

His sphere is small.

Adjective 'kuchak' (small) describing 'hiteh'.

5

این حیطه بزرگ است.

This sphere is big.

Adjective 'bozorg' (big) describing 'hiteh'.

6

حیطه درس من ریاضی است.

The sphere of my study is math.

Ezafe connecting 'hiteh' and 'dars'.

7

او در حیطه خود است.

He is in his own sphere.

Reflexive 'khod' (self/own).

8

حیطه شما چیست؟

What is your sphere?

Question word 'chist' (what is it).

1

این سوال خارج از حیطه من است.

This question is outside my sphere.

Using 'kharej az' (outside of) which is very common with 'hiteh'.

2

حیطه وظایف شما معلوم است.

The sphere of your duties is clear.

'Malum' means known or clear.

3

او در حیطه هنر کار می‌کند.

He works in the sphere of art.

Present continuous implies regular activity.

4

حیطه این کتاب علم است.

The sphere of this book is science.

Defining the subject matter of an object.

5

ما باید حیطه خود را بدانیم.

We must know our sphere.

Modal verb 'bayad' (must) with subjunctive 'bedanim'.

6

حیطه قدرت او زیاد است.

The sphere of his power is vast.

'Ziyad' used here to mean 'a lot' or 'vast'.

7

آیا این در حیطه شماست؟

Is this in your sphere?

Interrogative 'aya' at the beginning.

8

حیطه دانش او وسیع است.

The sphere of his knowledge is wide.

'Vasih' is a formal word for wide/vast.

1

مدیر حیطه وظایف کارمندان را مشخص کرد.

The manager specified the employees' sphere of duties.

Past tense 'moshakhas kard' (specified).

2

این موضوع در حیطه تخصص من قرار دارد.

This topic lies within my sphere of expertise.

Using 'qarar darad' (is situated/lies) for a more formal tone.

3

حیطه نفوذ این شرکت در حال گسترش است.

The sphere of influence of this company is expanding.

Present progressive 'dar hal-e gostarish ast'.

4

او می‌خواهد حیطه فعالیت خود را تغییر دهد.

He wants to change his sphere of activity.

Subjunctive 'taghyir dehad' after 'mikhand'.

5

حیطه مطالعاتی او تاریخ معاصر است.

His study area is contemporary history.

Compound noun 'hite-ye motale'ati'.

6

هر کس باید در حیطه خودش حرف بزند.

Everyone should speak within their own sphere.

Reflexive 'khodash' (his/her own).

7

این پروژه در حیطه بودجه ما نیست.

This project is not within our budget's sphere.

Using 'hiteh' to describe financial limits.

8

حیطه اختیارات او محدود شده است.

The scope of his authority has been limited.

Passive voice 'mahdud shodeh ast'.

1

روانشناسی به بررسی حیطه شناختی انسان می‌پردازد.

Psychology deals with the study of the human cognitive sphere.

Formal verb 'mi-pardazad' (deals with/addresses).

2

این تصمیمات خارج از حیطه صلاحیت دولت است.

These decisions are outside the sphere of the government's competence.

Formal term 'salahiyat' (competence/jurisdiction).

3

ما باید حیطه خصوصی افراد را محترم بشماریم.

We must respect the private sphere of individuals.

Compound verb 'mohtaram shomardan' (to respect).

4

تکنولوژی حیطه‌های جدیدی برای اشتغال ایجاد کرده است.

Technology has created new spheres for employment.

Plural 'hite-ha' for multiple domains.

5

حیطه مسئولیت شما شامل تمام بخش‌های فنی می‌شود.

Your sphere of responsibility includes all technical sections.

Verb 'shamel shodan' (to include).

6

او مرزهای حیطه دانش ما را جابجا کرد.

He moved the boundaries of our sphere of knowledge.

Metaphorical use of 'marz' (boundary) with 'hiteh'.

7

این دو موضوع در یک حیطه نمی‌گنجند.

These two topics do not fit within one sphere.

Verb 'gonjidan' (to fit/be contained).

8

حیطه نفوذ فرهنگی ایران بسیار گسترده است.

The cultural sphere of influence of Iran is very extensive.

Adjective 'gostardeh' (extensive/wide).

1

فیلسوف به تبیین حیطه آگاهی و ادراک پرداخت.

The philosopher proceeded to explain the sphere of consciousness and perception.

Formal 'tabyin' (explanation/elucidation).

2

این فرضیه از حیطه آزمون‌پذیری تجربی فراتر می‌رود.

This hypothesis goes beyond the sphere of empirical testability.

Verb 'faratar raftan' (to go beyond).

3

حیطه عملکرد این دارو هنوز به طور کامل شناخته نشده است.

The sphere of action of this drug is not yet fully known.

Passive negative 'shenakhteh nashodeh ast'.

4

او توانست در حیطه سیاست‌گذاری عمومی تغییرات اساسی ایجاد کند.

He was able to create fundamental changes in the sphere of public policy-making.

Compound noun 'siyasat-gozari-ye omumi'.

5

ادبیات کلاسیک حیطه وسیعی از مفاهیم عرفانی را در بر می‌گیرد.

Classical literature encompasses a wide sphere of mystical concepts.

Verb 'dar bar gereftan' (to encompass/include).

6

تداخل در حیطه وظایف قوا باعث بروز بحران شد.

Interference in the sphere of duties of the powers caused a crisis.

Abstract noun 'tadakhol' (interference).

7

این کشف، حیطه احتمالات علمی را دگرگون ساخت.

This discovery transformed the sphere of scientific possibilities.

Formal verb 'degargun sakhtan' (to transform).

8

حیطه معنایی این واژه در طول زمان تغییر کرده است.

The semantic sphere of this word has changed over time.

Linguistic term 'hite-ye ma'na'i' (semantic sphere).

1

بررسی تطبیقی حیطه‌های معرفت‌شناختی در سنت‌های مختلف ضروری است.

A comparative study of epistemological spheres in different traditions is essential.

Highly technical term 'ma'refat-shenakhti' (epistemological).

2

هنر، حیطه تجلی روح در کالبد ماده است.

Art is the sphere of the spirit's manifestation in the body of matter.

Metaphorical and philosophical use of 'tajalli' (manifestation).

3

حیطه نفوذ کلام او بر توده‌ها انکارناپذیر بود.

The sphere of influence of his words over the masses was undeniable.

Adjective 'enkarnapazir' (undeniable).

4

او در حیطه نقد ادبی، دیدگاه‌های ساختارشکنانه‌ای ارائه داد.

In the sphere of literary criticism, he presented deconstructive views.

Academic term 'sakhtar-shekananeh' (deconstructive).

5

مرز میان حیطه عقل و شهود در این منظومه مبهم است.

The boundary between the sphere of reason and intuition in this poetic work is blurred.

Philosophical contrast between 'aql' (reason) and 'shohud' (intuition).

6

این نظریه، حیطه شمول قوانین فیزیک کلاسیک را به چالش می‌کشد.

This theory challenges the sphere of inclusion of the laws of classical physics.

Idiom 'be chalesh keshidan' (to challenge).

7

حیطه حاکمیت ملی نباید قربانی منافع فراملی گردد.

The sphere of national sovereignty should not be sacrificed for transnational interests.

Formal passive 'qorbani gardad' (be sacrificed).

8

او با اشراف بر حیطه‌های گوناگون، اثری جامع پدید آورد.

With mastery over various spheres, he created a comprehensive work.

Noun 'ashraf' (mastery/oversight).

تلازمات شائعة

حیطه وظایف
حیطه اختیارات
حیطه تخصص
حیطه نفوذ
حیطه خصوصی
حیطه آگاهی
حیطه عملکرد
حیطه صلاحیت
حیطه دانش
حیطه نفوذ سیاسی

العبارات الشائعة

خارج از حیطه

— Beyond the scope or boundary. Used to decline requests or limit topics.

این موضوع خارج از حیطه بحث ماست.

در حیطه گنجیدن

— To fit within a sphere or domain. Used to discuss inclusion.

این مورد در حیطه این قانون نمی‌گنجد.

گسترش حیطه

— Expanding the sphere. Used for growth in power or knowledge.

ما به دنبال گسترش حیطه فعالیت‌هایمان هستیم.

اشراف بر حیطه

— To have mastery or oversight over a domain.

او بر تمام حیطه‌های مدیریتی اشراف دارد.

تداخل حیطه‌ها

— Overlap or interference between different domains.

تداخل حیطه‌ها باعث سردرگمی در سازمان شد.

حیطه امن

— A safe sphere or comfort zone.

او دوست ندارد از حیطه امن خود خارج شود.

حیطه عمل

— The field of action or practical scope.

در حیطه عمل، مشکلات زیادی وجود دارد.

مرزهای حیطه

— The boundaries of a sphere.

مرزهای حیطه علم همواره در حال تغییر است.

حیطه نظارت

— The sphere of supervision or monitoring.

این ساختمان در حیطه نظارت پلیس است.

حیطه نفوذ معنوی

— The sphere of spiritual influence.

حیطه نفوذ معنوی او فراتر از مرزها بود.

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

"پا را از حیطه خود فراتر گذاشتن"

— To overstep one's bounds or meddle in things that aren't one's business.

او همیشه پا را از حیطه وظایفش فراتر می‌گذارد.

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