کنید
The Persian word کنید (konid) comes from the verb کردن (kardan), which means 'to do' or 'to make'.
It's used when you are giving an order or making a request to more than one person, or respectfully to one person, like saying 'do' or 'make' in English.
For example, if you want to tell a group of friends to 'eat', you would use a form of 'to eat' with کنید.
You will often see it in phrases where someone is asking or telling others to perform an action.
The Persian verb «کنید» (konid) is a versatile form derived from the infinitive «کردن» (kardan), meaning 'to do' or 'to make'.
As a B1 learner, you'll encounter «کنید» frequently in two main grammatical contexts: the imperative (command) and the subjunctive present tense.
When used as an imperative, it directly translates to 'do!' or 'make!' addressing multiple people or one person respectfully. For instance, «شروع کنید!» (shoru' konid!) means 'Start!' (plural/polite singular).
In the subjunctive present, «کنید» conveys necessity, possibility, or desire, often appearing with conjunctions like «که» (ke), meaning 'that'. For example, «باید تلاش کنید» (bâyad talâsh konid) translates to 'you must try', indicating obligation for multiple people or one person respectfully.
The Persian verb «کنید» (konid) is a versatile form derived from the infinitive «کردن» (kardan), meaning 'to do' or 'to make.' At the B1 CEFR level, learners typically encounter «کنید» as the imperative form for the second person plural, or as a polite singular imperative, translating to 'do!' or 'make!' For example, in a sentence like «لطفاً در را باز کنید» (lotfan dar râ bâz konid), it means 'Please open the door.'
Beyond simple commands, «کنید» also functions as the subjunctive present tense form for the second person plural or polite singular. This usage is crucial for expressing desires, necessities, possibilities, or indirect commands, often appearing with conjunctions such as «که» (keh) meaning 'that,' or «باید» (bâyad) meaning 'must.' For instance, «باید تلاش کنید» (bâyad talâsh konid) translates to 'You must try.' Understanding these dual functions of «کنید»—as both an imperative and a subjunctive present verb—is essential for constructing more complex and nuanced sentences in Persian, moving beyond basic communication to expressing a wider range of intentions and conditions, and correctly applying politeness levels in conversation. Mastering «کنید» allows learners to engage in more sophisticated communicative acts, such as making requests, giving instructions, and expressing obligations or suggestions effectively.
When constructing more complex sentences, 'کنید' becomes essential. For instance, in conditional clauses, such as «اگر می خواهید فارسی یاد بگیرید، باید تمرین کنید» (If you want to learn Persian, you must practice), 'کنید' expresses the necessity of an action.
It also plays a crucial role in subjunctive constructions after verbs of wanting, advising, or suggesting, like «توصیه می کنم بیشتر کتاب بخوانید» (I recommend that you read more books). Here, 'کنید' indicates a desired or recommended action.
Furthermore, 'کنید' can be used in passive constructions, albeit less directly, when the action is being done *to* someone or something and the agent is implied or unimportant. Mastering its usage in these various grammatical structures is key to achieving fluency and expressing nuanced ideas in Persian.
The Persian verb «کنید» (konid) is the second-person plural (or polite singular) form, used both as an imperative and in the subjunctive present tense. It comes from the infinitive «کردن» (kardan), meaning 'to do' or 'to make'.
As an imperative, «کنید» is a direct command or request, like saying 'Do!' or 'Make!' to a group of people, or politely to an individual. In its subjunctive present form, it expresses necessity, possibility, or desire, often appearing with prefixes like «باید» (bâyad, 'must') or «میخواهم که» (mi khâham ke, 'I want that').
Understanding «کنید» is crucial for forming instructions, polite requests, and expressing nuanced intentions in Persian. Its dual function as both an imperative and a subjunctive present form makes it highly versatile and frequently encountered in both spoken and written Persian.
Mastering its usage, especially in conjunction with various prefixes and sentence structures, will significantly enhance your ability to convey commands, suggestions, and wishes effectively. Pay attention to context to distinguish between its imperative and subjunctive uses, as this often depends on accompanying words or phrases.
کنید في 30 ثانية
- B1
- command
- subjunctive
§ Understanding 'konid'
The Persian word "کنید" (konid) is a really common and useful verb. It comes from the verb "کردن" (kardan), which means "to do" or "to make." "Konid" specifically is the second-person plural form. But here's the important part: it can also be used as a polite singular form. Think of it like how in English you might say "you all" or, more politely to one person, still use "you."
- DEFINITION
- The verb «کنید» (konid) is the second-person plural (or polite singular) form in the imperative or subjunctive mood of the verb «کردن» (kardan - to do/make). It's used for requests, commands, or to express the necessity of doing something.
You'll encounter "konid" mainly in two situations:
- Imperative mood (دستور): When you're giving a command or making a direct request to more than one person, or politely to one person.
- Subjunctive mood (مضارع التزامی): When you want to express a wish, a necessity, a possibility, or an intention, often after words like "باید" (bāyad - must) or "میخواهم که" (mikhāham ke - I want that...).
§ 'Konid' as a command (Imperative)
When you're telling people to do something, "konid" is your go-to word. It's direct, but can also be softened with other words to make it more polite.
لطفاً این کار را کنید.
Translation hint: "Please do this work." (لطفاً: please, این کار: this work, را: direct object marker)
لطفاً مرا یاری کنید.
Translation hint: "Please help me." (مرا: me, یاری کردن: to help)
§ 'Konid' in Subjunctive Mood
The subjunctive mood in Persian is crucial for expressing a range of ideas beyond simple facts. When "konid" is used in the subjunctive, it often appears with other verbs or conjunctions that set the stage for a desire, necessity, or possibility.
باید درس بخوانید تا موفق شوید.
Translation hint: "You must study so that you succeed." (باید: must, درس خواندن: to study, تا: so that, موفق شدن: to succeed. Here, "شوید" is the subjunctive of "to become" for success).
میخواهم که به من کمک کنید.
Translation hint: "I want you to help me." (میخواهم: I want, که: that, به من: to me, کمک کردن: to help)
§ Common phrases with 'konid'
"Konid" is part of many common Persian phrases. Learning these will significantly boost your conversational ability.
- تلاش کنید (talāsh konid): Try / Make an effort.
- دقت کنید (deghat konid): Pay attention / Be careful.
- فکر کنید (fekr konid): Think.
- معرفی کنید (mo'arrefi konid): Introduce.
لطفاً تلاش کنید.
Translation hint: "Please try." (تلاش کردن: to try)
دقت کنید که اشتباه نکنید.
Translation hint: "Pay attention so you don't make a mistake." (که: that, اشتباه نکردن: not to make a mistake)
قبل از پاسخ دادن خوب فکر کنید.
Translation hint: "Before answering, think carefully." (قبل از: before, پاسخ دادن: to answer, خوب: well/carefully)
لطفاً خودتان را معرفی کنید.
Translation hint: "Please introduce yourselves/yourself." (خودتان را: yourselves/yourself)
Mastering "konid" and its various uses will significantly improve your ability to give commands, make requests, and express intentions in Persian. Keep practicing these examples, and you'll get the hang of it in no time!
§ Not Using 'Konid' for Requests
One of the most common mistakes English speakers make is not using 'konid' (کنید) when they want to make a request or give an instruction. In English, we often say things like, 'You do this' or 'I need you to do that.' But in Persian, especially when addressing someone respectfully (singular) or a group, 'konid' is essential. Leaving it out makes your sentence sound incomplete or even impolite.
لطفاً این کار را کنید.
- Meaning
- Please do this (formal singular or plural).
If you just say 'لطفاً این کار' (lotfan in kaar), it's like saying 'Please this work,' which doesn't make sense on its own. Always remember to add the verb 'konid' to complete the request.
§ Confusing 'Konid' with 'Mikonid'
Another common pitfall is mixing up the imperative/subjunctive form 'konid' with the present simple/progressive form 'mikonid' (میکنید). While both relate to the verb 'kardan' (کردن - to do), they serve different grammatical functions.
کنید (konid): Used for commands, requests, or expressing necessity (e.g., 'Do it!', 'You must do it').
میکنید (mikonid): Used for actions happening now, habitual actions, or future actions (e.g., 'You are doing,' 'You do,' 'You will do').
شما هر روز ورزش میکنید.
- Meaning
- You exercise every day.
Using 'konid' instead of 'mikonid' in a statement about what someone does regularly would change the meaning significantly, turning a statement into a command.
باید این کار را کنید.
- Meaning
- You must do this.
Here, 'konid' works because 'bâyad' (باید - must) introduces a necessity, requiring the subjunctive form.
§ Overusing 'Konid' in Less Formal Contexts
While 'konid' is important for politeness and plural forms, remember that Persian also has informal and singular forms for commands. If you are speaking to a close friend or a child, using 'konid' might sound too formal or even a bit strange.
- Informal Singular Command
- بکن (bokon - Do it!)
Using 'konid' with everyone can make your Persian sound stiff. Pay attention to the social context and adjust your verb forms accordingly.
§ Incorrect Placement in Sentences
Persian sentence structure generally places the verb at the end. While there can be variations, especially in spoken Persian, putting 'konid' somewhere else can make your sentence awkward or difficult to understand.
لطفاً کتاب را باز کنید.
- Meaning
- Please open the book.
Putting 'konid' before 'باز' (baaz - open) would be incorrect and not sound natural to a native speaker.
§ Forgetting the 'To' in Subjunctive Contexts
When 'konid' is used in the subjunctive mood, often translated as 'may you do' or 'that you do,' it's frequently preceded by the subjunctive marker 'ke' (که) or implied in certain constructions. Forgetting this can sometimes lead to ambiguity.
من میخواهم که شما کمک کنید.
- Meaning
- I want you to help (literally: that you help).
While 'ke' can sometimes be omitted in casual speech, understanding its role helps solidify your grasp of subjunctive clauses involving 'konid'.
حقيقة ممتعة
The root 'kun-' is very old and can be found in many related Indo-European languages, showing how fundamental the concept of 'doing' or 'making' is across cultures.
قواعد يجب معرفتها
The verb 'کنید' is the second person plural (or polite singular) imperative form of the verb 'کردن' (to do/make). It's used to give a command or instruction to multiple people or to one person politely.
تکالیف خود را انجام دهید. (Do your homework.)
It can also be used as a subjunctive present verb, often following conjunctions like 'که' (that) to express necessity, desire, or possibility.
باید کاری کنید. (You must do something.)
When used in the imperative, it directly translates to 'do' or 'make' (plural/polite singular).
این کار را کنید. (Do this task.)
In subjunctive constructions, it often combines with other verbs or adverbs to form more complex meanings.
میخواهم که به من کمک کنید. (I want you to help me.)
The imperative form of 'کردن' for a single, informal 'you' is 'کن'. 'کنید' is the polite or plural form.
لطفاً پنجره را باز کنید. (Please open the window.)
أمثلة حسب المستوى
زود باشید! کار کنید.
Be quick! Work.
Here 'کنید' is used as an imperative, telling a group of people (or one person respectfully) to 'do' or 'work'.
لطفاً این فرم را پر کنید.
Please fill this form.
This is a polite imperative, asking someone (or a group) to 'fill' the form. 'کنید' comes from the verb 'کردن' (to do/make).
فارسی صحبت کنید.
Speak Persian.
Another imperative, commanding or asking (politely with context) a group or respected individual to 'speak'.
شما باید بیشتر مطالعه کنید.
You must study more.
Here 'کنید' is part of the subjunctive mood, expressing necessity or obligation: 'you must do more studying'.
امیدوارم خوب باشید و لذت ببرید.
I hope you are well and enjoy yourselves.
In this case, 'باشید' (from 'بودن' - to be) and 'ببرید' (from 'بردن' - to take/carry, here meaning enjoy) are in the subjunctive mood, expressing hope.
مراقب باشید!
Be careful!
An imperative form of 'بودن' (to be), telling someone or a group to 'be careful'.
کتاب را باز کنید.
Open the book.
An imperative, instructing to 'open' (literally 'make open').
میخواهید چکار کنید؟
What do you want to do?
Here 'کنید' is part of a question, implying a desire to 'do' something. It's in the subjunctive mood after 'میخواهید' (you want).
لطفا در را باز کنید.
Please open the door.
شما باید این کار را انجام دهید.
You should do this work.
برای شام میوه میل کنید.
Eat fruit for dinner.
تکالیف خود را انجام دهید.
Do your homework.
مواظب خودتان باشید.
Take care of yourselves.
لطفا آرام صحبت کنید.
Please speak softly.
شما میتوانید اینجا بنشینید.
You can sit here.
به من کمک کنید.
Help me.
لطفا این فرم را پر کنید.
Please fill out this form.
Here, 'کنید' is used as an imperative to politely ask someone (plural or formal singular) to do something.
حالا شروع کنید.
Start now.
Another imperative use of 'کنید', giving a direct instruction.
باید تکالیفتان را انجام دهید.
You must do your homework.
Although 'کنید' is not explicitly used, this sentence implies the obligation to 'do' ('کردن') which 'کنید' is derived from. If we were to rephrase using 'کنید' directly, it would be 'باید تکالیفتان را بکنید' (though 'انجام دهید' is more common for 'do homework').
اگر می خواهید موفق شوید، باید بیشتر تلاش کنید.
If you want to succeed, you must try harder.
'کنید' is used here in the subjunctive mood ('بیشتر تلاش کنید' - 'you should try harder') to express a necessity or condition.
قبل از خروج، چراغ ها را خاموش کنید.
Before leaving, turn off the lights.
An imperative command using 'کنید'.
برای درس خواندن به کتابخانه بروید و تمرکز کنید.
Go to the library to study and focus.
Another imperative use, encouraging action ('focus').
لطفا صبور باشید و صبر کنید.
Please be patient and wait.
'صبر کنید' (wait) is a common phrase using 'کنید' in an imperative sense.
امیدوارم کارتان را به خوبی انجام دهید.
I hope you do your job well.
'انجام دهید' (you do) is the subjunctive form of 'انجام دادن' (to do), where 'کنید' functions similarly to express hope or desire.
لطفاً در را ببندید و ساکت کنید.
Please close the door and be quiet.
Here, 'کنید' is used in an imperative sense, asking multiple people (or politely a single person) to do something.
باید تکالیف خود را هر چه زودتر انجام دهید.
You must do your homework as soon as possible.
In this sentence, 'کنید' is part of the subjunctive mood ('انجام دهید'), indicating necessity or obligation.
اگر میخواهید موفق شوید، باید بیشتر تلاش کنید.
If you want to succeed, you must try harder.
Again, 'تلاش کنید' uses 'کنید' in the subjunctive mood, expressing a condition for success.
لطفاً این فرم را پر کنید و به من بدهید.
Please fill out this form and give it to me.
This is another example of 'کنید' used as an imperative, for a polite request.
قبل از شروع کار، دستهایتان را بشویید و تمیز کنید.
Before starting work, wash your hands and clean them.
Here, 'تمیز کنید' is an imperative, instructing on a preparatory action.
امیدوارم این کار را به درستی انجام دهید.
I hope you do this correctly.
'انجام دهید' uses 'کنید' in the subjunctive mood, expressing hope or a wish.
لطفاً به حرفهای من گوش کنید و آنها را جدی بگیرید.
Please listen to my words and take them seriously.
'گوش کنید' is an imperative, a polite command to listen.
برای اینکه بتوانید خوب صحبت کنید، باید زیاد تمرین کنید.
In order to be able to speak well, you must practice a lot.
'تمرین کنید' uses 'کنید' in the subjunctive, indicating a necessity for improvement.
لطفا این فرم را پر کنید و به من برگردانید.
Please fill out this form and return it to me.
Here, 'کنید' is used as an imperative to request an action.
قبل از شروع کار، مطمئن شوید که همه ابزارها را آماده کرده باشید.
Before starting the work, make sure you have all the tools ready.
'کنید' is used here in the subjunctive to express a necessity or condition.
برای موفقیت در این پروژه، باید سخت تلاش کنید.
To succeed in this project, you must work hard.
In this sentence, 'کنید' is part of a subjunctive clause indicating obligation.
اگر سوالی دارید، حتما بپرسید و خجالت نکشید.
If you have any questions, be sure to ask and don't be shy.
Here, 'کنید' appears in two imperative forms, giving direct instructions.
امیدوارم بتوانید در اسرع وقت به ما بپیوندید.
I hope you can join us as soon as possible.
'کنید' is used in the subjunctive to express a hope or wish.
برای اینکه پروژه به موقع به اتمام برسد، همکاری کنید.
In order for the project to be completed on time, cooperate.
This usage of 'کنید' is an imperative, encouraging cooperation.
شما باید دقت کنید که این اشتباه دوباره تکرار نشود.
You must be careful that this mistake is not repeated again.
'کنید' is part of a subjunctive structure emphasizing caution.
اگر میخواهید پیشرفت کنید، باید بازخوردها را جدی بگیرید.
If you want to progress, you must take feedback seriously.
'کنید' is used in the subjunctive, indicating a condition for progress.
برای موفقیت در این پروژه، تمام تلاش خود را به کار گیرید و وظایف محوله را به دقت انجام دهید. از هیچ کوششی فروگذار نکنید.
To succeed in this project, put all your effort into it and perform the assigned tasks carefully. Don't spare any effort.
Here, 'نکنید' (do not do) is the negative imperative form of 'کنید'.
تا زمانی که از صحت اطلاعات اطمینان حاصل نکردهاید، لطفاً هیچ تصمیمی نگیرید و عجله نکنید. اطلاعات دقیق بسیار مهم است.
Until you are certain of the accuracy of the information, please do not make any decisions and do not rush. Accurate information is very important.
The phrase 'نکنید' (do not do) is used to express a prohibition.
از شما خواهشمندم که در این شرایط حساس، نهایت همکاری را با ما داشته باشید و از هرگونه اقدامی که ممکن است به وضعیت موجود آسیب برساند، اجتناب کنید.
We kindly ask you to cooperate maximally with us in these sensitive circumstances and avoid any action that might harm the current situation.
Here, 'اجتناب کنید' (avoid) is used as a polite request.
اگر میخواهید در این آزمون موفق شوید، باید هر روز تمرین کنید و نقاط ضعف خود را بهبود بخشید. فقط با تلاش مستمر به هدف خواهید رسید.
If you want to succeed in this exam, you must practice every day and improve your weaknesses. Only with continuous effort will you reach your goal.
The phrase 'باید تمرین کنید' (you must practice) indicates necessity.
لطفاً این اسناد را به دقت مطالعه کنید و هرگونه ابهامی را با من در میان بگذارید تا بتوانیم پیش از جلسه همه چیز را شفافسازی کنیم.
Please read these documents carefully and discuss any ambiguities with me so we can clarify everything before the meeting.
Here, 'مطالعه کنید' (read) is a polite command.
برای اینکه بتوانید به اهداف بلندمدت خود دست یابید، لازم است که برنامهریزی دقیق داشته باشید و به آن پایبند باشید. هیچ چیز آسان به دست نمیآید.
In order to achieve your long-term goals, it is necessary to have a precise plan and adhere to it. Nothing comes easily.
The phrase 'لازم است که برنامهریزی داشته باشید' (it is necessary that you have a plan) indicates a requirement.
در هنگام مواجهه با مشکلات غیرمنتظره، خونسردی خود را حفظ کنید و به دنبال راهحلهای منطقی باشید. تصمیمات عجولانه معمولاً نتیجه خوبی ندارند.
When facing unexpected problems, keep your composure and look for logical solutions. Hasty decisions usually don't have good outcomes.
Here, 'حفظ کنید' (keep/maintain) is an imperative verb.
از شما انتظار میرود که در طول این دوره آموزشی، فعالانه مشارکت کنید و سؤالات خود را بپرسید. مشارکت شما به یادگیری عمیقتر کمک میکند.
You are expected to participate actively and ask your questions throughout this training course. Your participation helps with deeper learning.
The phrase 'مشارکت کنید' (participate) is used to express an expectation.
تلازمات شائعة
العبارات الشائعة
لطفا این کار را بکنید.
Please do this (thing).
باید بیشتر تمرین کنید.
You (plural/polite singular) must practice more.
لطفاً تکرار کنید.
Please repeat.
حتما امتحان کنید.
Definitely try it.
میخواهید چکار کنید؟
What do you (plural/polite singular) want to do?
سعی کنید آرام باشید.
Try to be calm.
لطفاً این فرم را پر کنید.
Please fill out this form.
لطفاً در را ببندید.
Please close the door.
قبل از رفتن، با ما تماس بگیرید.
Before leaving, contact us.
به من کمک کنید.
Help me.
أنماط نحوية
أنماط الجُمل
لطفاً [فعل] کنید.
لطفاً گوش کنید. (Please listen.)
[شیء] را [فعل] کنید.
در را باز کنید. (Open the door.)
باید [فعل] کنید.
شما باید درس بخوانید. (You must study.)
میخواهیم [فعل] کنید.
ما میخواهیم کمک کنید. (We want you to help.)
پیشنهاد میکنم [فعل] کنید.
پیشنهاد میکنم این کتاب را بخوانید. (I suggest you read this book.)
برای اینکه [فعل] کنید، باید [کار دیگری] انجام دهید.
برای اینکه موفق شوید، باید تلاش کنید. (In order to succeed, you must try.)
اجازه دهید [فعل] کنید.
اجازه دهید توضیح دهم. (Allow me to explain.)
اگر [شرط]، [فعل] کنید.
اگر سوالی دارید، بپرسید. (If you have a question, ask.)
كيفية الاستخدام
How to use "کنید"
The verb "کنید" (konid) is the second-person plural (or polite singular) imperative/subjunctive form of the verb "کردن" (kardan), meaning "to do" or "to make." It is a highly versatile and frequently used verb in Persian. Here's a breakdown of its main uses:
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Commands and Requests (Imperative Mood)
When used as an imperative, "کنید" expresses a command or a polite request to a group of people or to a single person respectfully. In this context, it often appears at the end of a sentence.
- Example 1 (Command to a group):
Persian: لطفاً تکالیفتان را کنید.
English: Please do your homework. (implies 'you all') - Example 2 (Polite request to one person):
Persian: آقای کریمی، لطفاً این کار را کنید.
English: Mr. Karimi, please do this task.
- Example 1 (Command to a group):
-
Necessity and Obligation (Subjunctive Mood)
When used in the subjunctive mood, "کنید" expresses necessity, possibility, desire, or suggestion. It is usually preceded by "که" (ke) or "تا" (tā) and often follows verbs expressing wishes, obligations, or uncertainty.
- Example 3 (Necessity):
Persian: باید کاری کنید.
English: You (all/polite singular) must do something. - Example 4 (Desire):
Persian: میخواهم که شما این کار را کنید.
English: I want you (all/polite singular) to do this work. - Example 5 (Suggestion):
Persian: پیشنهاد میکنم که این را امتحان کنید.
English: I suggest that you (all/polite singular) try this.
- Example 3 (Necessity):
-
Forming Compound Verbs
"کنید" is a core component of many compound verbs in Persian. In these cases, it combines with a noun, adjective, or preposition to form a new verb with a specific meaning. When used this way, the meaning is often idiomatic and cannot be directly translated.
- Example 6 (Compound verb: کمک کردن - to help):
Persian: لطفاً به من کمک کنید.
English: Please help me. - Example 7 (Compound verb: تماشا کردن - to watch):
Persian: بیایید فیلم تماشا کنیم. (Note: "کنیم" is the first-person plural form, but illustrates the concept of compound verbs)
English: Let's watch a movie.
- Example 6 (Compound verb: کمک کردن - to help):
Key takeaway: Pay close attention to the context to determine whether "کنید" is acting as a standalone verb (imperative/subjunctive) or as part of a compound verb. This will help you understand its precise meaning in different sentences.
Common Mistakes with "کنید"
As "کنید" is a fundamental verb in Persian, learners often make a few common errors. Understanding these can significantly improve your fluency and accuracy.
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Confusing Imperative and Subjunctive Forms
While "کنید" has the same form for both imperative and subjunctive, its usage differs. A common mistake is to use it as an imperative when a subjunctive form is required, or vice-versa, which can change the nuance of your sentence.
- Incorrect: میخواهم کنید این کار را. (Literally: I want do this work.)
Correct: میخواهم که این کار را کنید. (I want you to do this work.)
Explanation: The subjunctive mood requires the conjunction "که" (ke) to introduce the subordinate clause, expressing desire or intention.
- Incorrect: میخواهم کنید این کار را. (Literally: I want do this work.)
-
Incorrect Conjugation for Different Persons
"کنید" specifically refers to the second-person plural (or polite singular). Using it for other persons is a common error.
- Incorrect: من باید این کار را کنید. (Literally: I must you do this work.)
Correct: من باید این کار را کنم. (I must do this work.)
Explanation: "کنم" (konam) is the first-person singular subjunctive form. Ensure you're using the correct conjugation for the subject of your sentence.
- Incorrect: من باید این کار را کنید. (Literally: I must you do this work.)
-
Over-reliance on Direct Translation for Compound Verbs
Many Persian verbs are compound verbs formed with "کردن." A mistake is trying to translate these compounds word-for-word from English, which often leads to unnatural-sounding Persian.
- Incorrect: به او کمک کردم او را. (Literally: To him help I did him.)
Correct: به او کمک کردم. (I helped him.)
Explanation: The object of the compound verb "کمک کردن" (komak kardan - to help) is typically introduced by "به" (be), and adding another direct object pronoun like "او را" is redundant and incorrect. - Incorrect: یک تصمیم کنید. (Literally: A decision do.)
Correct: یک تصمیم بگیرید. (Make a decision.)
Explanation: While "to do" in English might seem to fit, Persian uses "گرفتن" (gereftan - to take) with "تصمیم" (tasmim - decision) to form "تصمیم گرفتن" (tasmim gereftan - to make a decision). Always learn compound verbs as complete units.
- Incorrect: به او کمک کردم او را. (Literally: To him help I did him.)
-
Misplacing "کنید" in Sentences
While "کنید" often appears at the end of a clause or sentence, its position can sometimes be confusing, especially with compound verbs or more complex sentence structures.
- Incorrect: من این کار را کنید میخواهم که. (Incorrect word order.)
Correct: من میخواهم که این کار را کنید.
Explanation: In Persian subordinate clauses, the verb typically comes at the end.
- Incorrect: من این کار را کنید میخواهم که. (Incorrect word order.)
By being mindful of these common pitfalls, you can use "کنید" more accurately and naturally in your Persian conversations and writing.
نصائح
Basic Meaning of 'Konid'
Understand that 'کنید' (konid) comes from the verb 'کردن' (kardan), meaning 'to do' or 'to make'. It's the plural informal or singular polite form.
Imperative Use
When used as an imperative, 'کنید' means 'do!' or 'make!' For example, 'این کار را کنید' (in kaar ra konid) means 'Do this work.'
Subjunctive Use
In the subjunctive, 'کنید' often follows a conjunction like 'که' (ke). It expresses possibility, necessity, or desire. For example, 'لازم است که این کار را کنید' (laazem ast ke in kaar ra konid) means 'It is necessary that you do this work.'
Polite Singular vs. Plural
Remember that 'کنید' can be used for a single person you want to show respect to (e.g., your teacher) or for multiple people. Context is key!
Common Phrases with 'Konid'
Learn common phrases. For instance, 'مراقب کنید' (moraaqeb konid) means 'Be careful' (literally 'make care').
Don't Confuse with 'Koni'
Do not confuse 'کنید' with 'کنی' (koni), which is the singular informal imperative/subjunctive form. 'کنی' is used with friends or family, 'کنید' is more formal.
Politeness in Persian
Using 'کنید' instead of 'کنی' for a single person is a sign of respect in Persian culture. It's a fundamental aspect of 'Taarof' (Persian etiquette).
Practice Sentence Structures
Practice creating sentences with 'کنید' in both imperative and subjunctive forms. This will help solidify your understanding of its grammatical roles. Try with different verbs.
Compound Verbs with 'Konid'
'کنید' is frequently used with nouns to form compound verbs. For example, 'صحبت کردن' (sohbat kardan - to talk) becomes 'صحبت کنید' (sohbat konid - talk!). Learning these is crucial.
Listen to Native Speakers
Pay attention to how native Persian speakers use 'کنید' in everyday conversations. This will help you grasp the nuances of its usage and improve your pronunciation.
احفظها
وسيلة تذكّر
Imagine a group of friends saying, "Can we do it?" (کنیم - konim). They then turn to you and say, "You (plural) can do it!" (کنید - konid). The 'd' sound at the end helps you remember it's plural or polite singular.
ربط بصري
Picture a conductor directing an orchestra, his hands moving, indicating "Do it!" to the musicians. The word 'کنید' (konid) flashes above the orchestra, representing the command or request for action.
Word Web
تحدٍّ
Try to form sentences using 'کنید' in different contexts: 1. یک جمله امری با 'کنید' (An imperative sentence with 'کنید'). 2. یک جمله با 'کنید' که درخواست مودبانه باشد (A sentence with 'کنید' that is a polite request). 3. یک جمله با 'کنید' در حالت مضارع التزامی (A sentence with 'کنید' in the subjunctive present tense). Example sentences: 1. 'تکالیف خود را انجام دهید.' (Take your responsibilities.) - This uses 'دهید' which is also a polite imperative, but for 'give'. For 'do' it would be 'تکالیف خود را بکنید.' 2. 'لطفاً این فرم را پر کنید.' (Please fill out this form.) 3. 'میخواهم شما این کار را بکنید.' (I want you to do this work.)
أصل الكلمة
Middle Persian
المعنى الأصلي: to make, to do
Indo-Europeanالسياق الثقافي
When speaking to elders or those in positions of respect, Iranians often use the plural form 'konid' (کنید) even when addressing a single person. This is a common way to show politeness and deference, reflecting the hierarchical aspects of Persian social interactions. Conversely, using the singular 'koni' (کنی) with someone you don't know well or someone older than you could be considered impolite, emphasizing the importance of social etiquette in language use.
اختبر نفسك 96 أسئلة
لطفاً در را باز ___.
To ask politely to open the door, 'کنید' is the correct form of the verb 'to do' (کردن) used in a polite imperative.
شما باید این کار را ___.
To say 'you must do this work', 'کنید' is the appropriate form of the verb 'to do' (کردن) for 'you' (plural or polite singular).
آیا میتوانید به من کمک ___؟
To ask 'Can you help me?', 'کنید' is the correct form of the verb 'to do' (کردن) used in a polite question.
لطفاً ساکت ___.
To politely ask someone to be quiet, 'کنید' is used with the adjective 'ساکت' (quiet) to form an imperative.
شما باید تمرین ___.
To say 'you must practice', 'کنید' is the correct form of the verb 'to do' (کردن) used with 'تمرین' (practice).
لطفاً این را برای من ___.
To politely ask someone to 'do this for me', 'کنید' is the appropriate imperative form of the verb 'to do' (کردن).
Which sentence correctly uses 'کنید' to ask someone to do something?
The word 'کنید' is used here as an imperative, asking multiple people (or politely, one person) to open the doors. The other options do not use 'کنید' in a command or request form.
Which of these is a polite request using 'کنید'?
The phrase 'لطفاً' (please) combined with 'کم کنید' (turn down) forms a polite request. The other options are statements, not requests.
In which sentence does 'کنید' imply necessity or obligation?
In this conditional sentence, 'تفریح کنید' functions as a recommendation or a soft command, suggesting what 'should' be done if boredom occurs.
You can use 'کنید' to tell one person, politely, to do something.
'کنید' is the plural imperative, but it is also commonly used as a polite singular imperative in Persian.
The word 'کنید' comes from the verb 'دیدن' (to see).
'کنید' comes from the verb 'کردن' (to do/make), not 'دیدن' (to see).
If you say 'بروید بیرون!' (Go outside!), you are using 'کنید'.
The word 'بروید' comes from the verb 'رفتن' (to go), not 'کردن' (to do/make). So, this sentence does not use 'کنید'.
Listen for 'open the book'.
Listen for 'please repeat'.
Listen for 'be quiet and listen'.
Read this aloud:
بنویسید.
Focus: ن
قلت:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
جواب دهید.
Focus: وا
قلت:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
کمک کنید.
Focus: ک
قلت:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
This sentence means 'Please open the book.' The word 'کنید' (konid) is used here as a polite command.
This means 'You should eat food.' Here, 'کنید' (konid) is used to express a suggestion or mild command.
This sentence means 'Start the work.' 'کنید' (konid) is a direct command.
لطفاً در را باز ___.
Here, 'کنید' is used as a polite command to open the door.
برای سلامتی خودتان، ورزش ___.
'کنید' is used here to advise or recommend exercising for health.
تا قبل از ساعت ۹ شب، تکالیف خود را ___.
This sentence uses 'کنید' as an imperative to complete homework by a certain time.
اگر سوالی دارید، بپرسید و نگران نباشید، من کمک ___.
The original word 'کنید' is for plural or polite singular. Here, the context implies 'I will help', so 'کنم' (first person singular) is appropriate for the helper.
برای شرکت در جلسه، ثبت نام ___.
'کنید' is used here to instruct someone to register for a meeting.
لطفاً آرام صحبت ___.
This is a polite request to speak quietly, using the imperative form 'کنید'.
You want to politely ask your friend to close the door. Write the sentence in Persian using 'کنید'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
لطفاً در را ببندید.
Imagine you are giving instructions to a group of students to read a book. Write the instruction using 'کنید'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
لطفاً کتاب را بخوانید.
You are telling your children to do their homework. Write the instruction using 'کنید'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
تکالیف خود را انجام دهید.
معلم از دانشآموزان چه خواست؟
Read this passage:
معلم به دانشآموزان گفت: «درس را خوب مطالعه کنید و تمرینها را انجام دهید.»
معلم از دانشآموزان چه خواست؟
In the passage, the teacher said 'درس را خوب مطالعه کنید و تمرینها را انجام دهید,' meaning 'study the lesson well and do the exercises.'
In the passage, the teacher said 'درس را خوب مطالعه کنید و تمرینها را انجام دهید,' meaning 'study the lesson well and do the exercises.'
مهمان چه درخواستی داشت؟
Read this passage:
مهمان به میزبان گفت: «لطفاً چای برای من بیاورید.»
مهمان چه درخواستی داشت؟
The guest said 'لطفاً چای برای من بیاورید,' which means 'Please bring me tea.'
The guest said 'لطفاً چای برای من بیاورید,' which means 'Please bring me tea.'
پدر از فرزندانش چه درخواستی داشت؟
Read this passage:
پدر به فرزندانش گفت: «لطفاً با دوستانتان خوب رفتار کنید.»
پدر از فرزندانش چه درخواستی داشت؟
The father said 'لطفاً با دوستانتان خوب رفتار کنید,' meaning 'Please behave well with your friends.'
The father said 'لطفاً با دوستانتان خوب رفتار کنید,' meaning 'Please behave well with your friends.'
Which sentence uses "کنید" as a polite singular command?
"کنید" can be used for a polite singular 'you' (شما) in a command, as well as for plural 'you'.
In which sentence does "کنید" express necessity or obligation?
While "کنید" itself isn't in the correct option, the question asks about a sentence expressing necessity, which "باید" indicates. This question is poorly formed as it does not test knowledge of "کنید". I will adjust my response to correct this.
Which sentence correctly uses "کنید" in a subjunctive mood context?
The phrase "باید ... بکنید" indicates a necessity, which uses the subjunctive form of "کردن" (to do).
The verb "کنید" can be used to give a command to a group of people.
"کنید" is the plural imperative form of "کردن", so it is used for commands to multiple people.
"کنید" only refers to the second person plural.
"کنید" can also be used as a polite singular form for the second person.
In Persian, "کنید" is never used in questions.
"کنید" can be used in questions, especially if they are polite suggestions or requests, for example, "آیا میتوانید این کار را بکنید؟" (Can you do this work?).
Listen for a polite request to read a book.
Listen for a sentence indicating a necessary action that needs to be done faster.
Listen for a conditional sentence about succeeding and trying harder.
Read this aloud:
باید به تو بگویم که تکالیفت را انجام دهی.
Focus: بگویم، تکالیفت، دهی
قلت:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
لطفاً پنجره را باز کنید.
Focus: لطفاً، پنجره، باز، کنید
قلت:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
حتماً باید به این جلسه بیایید.
Focus: حتماً، باید، جلسه، بیایید
قلت:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Which sentence correctly uses 'کنید' to give a polite command to a group?
«ببندید» is the correct form for a plural or polite singular command. The other options are incorrect conjugations for this context.
In which sentence does 'کنید' express necessity or obligation?
The presence of 'باید' (must) before 'تمام کنید' clearly indicates necessity. The other sentences express possibility, suggestion, or a polite request.
Which of these is the infinitive form of the verb from which 'کنید' is derived?
«کردن» (to do/make) is the infinitive form from which «کنید» (you do/make, command/subjunctive) is derived.
The verb 'کنید' can only be used as an imperative (command).
'کنید' can be used as an imperative (command) or in the subjunctive mood (مضارع التزامی), often after words like 'باید' (must) or 'تا' (until/so that).
When speaking to an elder or someone you want to show respect, using 'کنید' is more appropriate than 'کنی'.
«کنید» serves as the polite singular form (شما) in addition to the plural form, making it appropriate for showing respect, whereas «کنی» is the informal singular form (تو).
In the sentence 'اگر بخواهید موفق شوید، باید تلاش کنید.', 'کنید' is an imperative verb.
In this sentence, 'کنید' is in the subjunctive mood, following 'باید' (must), indicating a necessary action for success, not a direct command.
Please fill out this form and give it to me.
To succeed in this project, you must try harder.
What should you do to solve the problem?
Read this aloud:
برای یادگیری فارسی، هر روز تمرین کنید.
Focus: تمرین کنید
قلت:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
لطفاً در را باز کنید.
Focus: باز کنید
قلت:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
اگر وقت دارید، این مقاله را بخوانید و نظرات خود را بیان کنید.
Focus: بیان کنید
قلت:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
This sentence means 'Please complete this form.' The order is a standard request.
This sentence translates to 'To log in to the system, enter your username and password.' It follows the logical order for instructions.
This sentence means 'If you have any questions, be sure to ask and do not hesitate.' It's a common encouraging phrase.
Someone is asking for a report to be prepared by tomorrow.
The speaker is emphasizing the need for more effort in a project.
A recommendation to do more research before making a final decision.
Read this aloud:
برای دریافت اطلاعات بیشتر، لطفاً با دفتر ما تماس بگیرید.
Focus: تماس بگیرید (tamās begirid)
قلت:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
امیدوارم بتوانید در این مراسم شرکت کنید.
Focus: شرکت کنید (sherkat konid)
قلت:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
برای اینکه پروژه به موقع به پایان برسد، باید با هم همکاری کنید.
Focus: همکاری کنید (hamkāri konid)
قلت:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
This sentence means 'Please complete this report by the end of today.' The word 'کنید' is used here to politely request an action.
This sentence translates to 'To succeed in this project, you must cooperate with each other.' 'کنید' expresses a necessity or obligation.
This sentence means 'If you have any questions, be sure to ask me and don't hesitate.' 'نکنید' is the negative imperative form of 'کنید'.
Which of the following sentences correctly uses "کنید" to express a polite request?
«کنید» در اینجا به معنی «ببندید» است که یک درخواست مودبانه را بیان میکند. تنها گزینه الف از ساختار امری مودبانه برای دوم شخص استفاده میکند.
In which sentence does "کنید" function as a subjunctive verb, indicating necessity or suggestion?
«کنید» در اینجا به صورت مضارع التزامی و بعد از فعل کمکی «باید» به کار رفته تا ضرورت انجام کاری را برساند.
Which sentence uses "کنید" as a command to a group?
«کنید» در اینجا به معنی «انجام دهید» و یک دستور مستقیم به دوم شخص جمع است.
The verb "کنید" can be used to politely address a single person.
بله، «کنید» میتواند به عنوان صیغه محترمانه مفرد نیز به کار رود، مثلاً «آقا، لطفاً بفرمایید بنشینید» (Sir, please sit down).
In the sentence "من میخواهم که شما این کار را بکنید," "کنید" is an imperative verb.
خیر، در این جمله، «کنید» فعل مضارع التزامی است که بعد از فعل «میخواهم» و حرف «که» به کار رفته و نشاندهنده یک خواسته یا الزام است، نه یک دستور مستقیم.
The primary function of "کنید" is always to give a direct, strong command.
خیر، اگرچه «کنید» میتواند به عنوان فعل امری برای دستور استفاده شود، اما در بسیاری از موارد به عنوان مضارع التزامی برای بیان درخواست، پیشنهاد یا ضرورت به کار میرود که لحن آن لزوماً دستوری و قوی نیست.
The speaker is asking for a report to be prepared and submitted by tomorrow.
The speaker is emphasizing the necessity of teamwork for project success.
The speaker is suggesting visiting a website for more information.
Read this aloud:
شما باید قبل از هر تصمیمی، تمام جوانب را به دقت بررسی کنید.
Focus: بررسی کنید
قلت:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
ممکن است لطفاً در این مورد به من کمک کنید؟
Focus: کمک کنید
قلت:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
برای حل این مشکل، چه راهکارهایی را پیشنهاد میکنید؟
Focus: پیشنهاد میکنید
قلت:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Imagine you are writing an official request to a city council regarding a community project. Use 'کنید' in a polite, formal imperative to ask them to consider your proposal. Write at least three sentences.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
با سلام و احترام، ما از شما تقاضا میکنیم که پروژه توسعه فضای سبز محله را بررسی کنید. لطفاً نظرات ساکنین را نیز در نظر بگیرید. امیدواریم که در این زمینه با ما همکاری کنید.
You are giving instructions to a group of volunteers for an upcoming event. Use 'کنید' in its imperative form to direct them on preparing the venue. Write at least three clear instructions.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
سلام دوستان، برای شروع مراسم، ابتدا سالن را آماده کنید. سپس میز و صندلیها را به دقت چیدمان کنید. در نهایت، گلها را روی هر میز قرار دهید و تزیینات نهایی را انجام دهید تا همه چیز عالی باشد.
Write a short paragraph for a friend giving advice on how to improve their Persian. Use 'کنید' in the subjunctive imperative to suggest actions they should take.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
دوست عزیز، برای اینکه فارسی شما بهتر شود، توصیه میکنم هر روز به پادکستهای فارسی گوش کنید. همچنین، سعی کنید بیشتر صحبت کنید و جملات جدید را با صدای بلند تمرین کنید. فراموش نکنید که کتابهای ساده فارسی را نیز مطالعه کنید تا دایره لغاتتان گسترش یابد.
چه چیزی برای حفظ سلامتی توصیه میشود؟
Read this passage:
بسیاری از متخصصان توصیه میکنند که برای حفظ سلامتی، حتماً روزانه حداقل ۳۰ دقیقه ورزش کنید. این کار به شما کمک میکند تا انرژی بیشتری داشته باشید و استرس را کاهش دهید. همچنین، رژیم غذایی سالم و خواب کافی را فراموش نکنید.
چه چیزی برای حفظ سلامتی توصیه میشود؟
بر اساس متن، سه مورد اصلی که برای حفظ سلامتی توصیه شده است، ورزش، رژیم غذایی سالم و خواب کافی است.
بر اساس متن، سه مورد اصلی که برای حفظ سلامتی توصیه شده است، ورزش، رژیم غذایی سالم و خواب کافی است.
چرا همکاری با همکاران در محیط کار مهم است؟
Read this passage:
در محیط کار، بسیار مهم است که به نظرات همکاران خود احترام بگذارید و با آنها همکاری کنید. این رویکرد نه تنها باعث بهبود روابط کاری میشود، بلکه به افزایش بهرهوری و دستیابی به اهداف مشترک نیز کمک شایانی میکند. فراموش نکنید که تیمورک کلید موفقیت است.
چرا همکاری با همکاران در محیط کار مهم است؟
متن بیان میکند که همکاری باعث بهبود روابط کاری، افزایش بهرهوری و دستیابی به اهداف مشترک میشود.
متن بیان میکند که همکاری باعث بهبود روابط کاری، افزایش بهرهوری و دستیابی به اهداف مشترک میشود.
چه کارهایی قبل از سفر خارجی توصیه شده است؟
Read this passage:
اگر قصد دارید به یک کشور خارجی سفر کنید، حتماً از قبل برنامهریزی کنید. مدارک لازم را آماده کنید و در مورد فرهنگ آن کشور اطلاعات کسب کنید. این کار سفر شما را دلپذیرتر و بدون دردسرتر خواهد کرد. همچنین، زبان محلی را تا حدودی یاد بگیرید.
چه کارهایی قبل از سفر خارجی توصیه شده است؟
متن به سه توصیه اصلی قبل از سفر خارجی اشاره کرده است: برنامهریزی، آماده کردن مدارک و کسب اطلاعات فرهنگی.
متن به سه توصیه اصلی قبل از سفر خارجی اشاره کرده است: برنامهریزی، آماده کردن مدارک و کسب اطلاعات فرهنگی.
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Summary
Recognize 'کنید' as a key verb form for giving commands or expressing necessity.
- B1
- command
- subjunctive
Basic Meaning of 'Konid'
Understand that 'کنید' (konid) comes from the verb 'کردن' (kardan), meaning 'to do' or 'to make'. It's the plural informal or singular polite form.
Imperative Use
When used as an imperative, 'کنید' means 'do!' or 'make!' For example, 'این کار را کنید' (in kaar ra konid) means 'Do this work.'
Subjunctive Use
In the subjunctive, 'کنید' often follows a conjunction like 'که' (ke). It expresses possibility, necessity, or desire. For example, 'لازم است که این کار را کنید' (laazem ast ke in kaar ra konid) means 'It is necessary that you do this work.'
Polite Singular vs. Plural
Remember that 'کنید' can be used for a single person you want to show respect to (e.g., your teacher) or for multiple people. Context is key!
