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B1 فعل (امر/مضارع التزامی) #14 よく出る 8分で読める

کنید

konid 上位14

練習する例文メモとヒント کنید 30秒で

解説 کنید in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'konid' is introduced as a polite way to give simple instructions. Learners are taught to use it with basic compound verbs like 'open' (baz konid), 'close' (basteh konid), and 'look' (negah konid). The focus is on the imperative mood—telling people what to do in a classroom or a shop. Students learn that 'konid' is used for 'you' (plural or formal), which is essential for basic social interactions in Iran. The grammatical structure is kept simple: [Word] + [konid]. Examples include 'Goush konid' (Listen) or 'Sokoot konid' (Be quiet). At this stage, the nuances of the subjunctive are usually avoided to prevent confusion.

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At the A2 level, the use of 'konid' expands into daily routines and more complex requests. Learners start to use it in the negative form 'nakonid' (don't do). They also begin to see 'konid' in the context of compound verbs related to hobbies and chores, such as 'ashpazi konid' (cook) or 'varzesh konid' (exercise). The concept of 'Ta'arof' is introduced more explicitly, explaining why we use 'konid' even when talking to one person. Learners also start using 'konid' after 'lotfan' (please) to soften their requests. Simple subjunctive uses, like 'mitavanid... konid' (you can do...), are introduced to help students express ability and permission.

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At the B1 level, 'konid' becomes a tool for giving advice, following recipes, and understanding more complex instructions. The distinction between the imperative (command) and the subjunctive (necessity/possibility) becomes clearer. Learners are expected to use 'konid' correctly after modal verbs like 'bayad' (must) and 'shayad' (maybe). For example, 'Shayad bayad bishtar talash konid' (Maybe you should try more). This level also introduces a wider range of compound verbs used in professional settings, such as 'barresi kardan' (to check/review) and 'entekhab kardan' (to choose). Students learn to handle 'ra' (the object marker) more effectively in sentences ending with 'konid'.

At the B2 level, learners use 'konid' with high-level vocabulary and in more formal registers. They understand the difference between 'konid' and its more formal counterparts like 'anjam dahid' or 'nemayid'. The use of 'konid' in complex sentence structures, such as conditional sentences ('Agar in kar ra konid...' - If you do this work...), is mastered. Learners also become sensitive to the 'be-' prefix (bekonid) and when it is appropriate to use it for emphasis or formal writing versus when to omit it for natural speech. They can follow complex manuals, participate in debates, and give detailed presentations using 'konid' to guide their audience.

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At the C1 level, 'konid' is used with academic and literary precision. The learner understands the historical evolution of the verb 'kardan' and can identify its use in classical poetry where it might take different forms. They are adept at using 'konid' in rhetorical questions or to express subtle nuances of sarcasm or extreme deference. The focus shifts to stylistic choices—knowing exactly when 'konid' is the perfect word and when a more specific verb would be better. They can analyze texts where 'konid' functions as a pivot for complex philosophical arguments and can use it in legal or administrative writing with perfect grammatical accuracy.

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At the C2 level, the use of 'konid' is indistinguishable from a highly educated native speaker. The learner can manipulate the verb in all its forms to achieve specific emotional or persuasive effects. They understand the deepest layers of 'Ta'arof' and can use 'konid' (or avoid it) to navigate the most delicate social situations in Iran. They are familiar with archaic uses of the root in Middle Persian texts and can discuss the linguistic morphology of the verb. At this level, 'konid' is not just a word but a flexible instrument used to compose sophisticated, nuanced, and culturally resonant discourse in any context, from high-level diplomacy to avant-garde literature.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

کنید 30秒で

Konid is the polite/plural way to say 'do' or 'make' in Persian.
It is used for commands, requests, and after modal verbs like 'must'.
It is the helper verb for most Persian actions (compound verbs).
Adding 'na-' makes it negative: 'nakonid' (don't do).

The word کنید (konid) is one of the most versatile and essential building blocks in the Persian language. Grammatically, it is the second-person plural form of the present stem of the verb kardan (to do/to make). However, its utility extends far beyond a simple plural 'do.' In Persian culture, politeness and social hierarchy are embedded in the language through a system called Ta'arof. Consequently, کنید is the standard way to address a single person respectfully. Whether you are asking a friend to 'please sit,' a waiter to 'bring the bill,' or a colleague to 'check an email,' this word is your primary tool for polite imperatives and subjunctive expressions.

The Imperative Function: In its imperative form, 'konid' is used to give commands or make requests. Because it is the plural form, it is inherently more polite than the singular 'kon.' If you are speaking to more than one person, you must use 'konid.' If you are speaking to one person who is not a very close friend or a child, you should also use 'konid' to show respect.

لطفاً صبر کنید. (Lotfan sabr konid.) — Please wait.

The Subjunctive Role: The word also functions as the second-person plural present subjunctive. This occurs after certain verbs like 'must' (bayad), 'want' (khastan), or 'possible' (momken ast). For example, 'Shoma bayad kar konid' (You must work). In this context, it expresses necessity, desire, or possibility rather than a direct command.

Understanding 'konid' requires understanding compound verbs. Persian has very few simple verbs; instead, it combines a noun or adjective with a 'helper' verb like kardan. Therefore, you won't just see 'konid' alone; you will see it paired with hundreds of other words to create meanings like 'to clean' (tamiz konid), 'to call' (telefon konid), or 'to start' (shoru konid). This makes it the 'Swiss Army Knife' of Persian action words.

دقت کنید که این تمرین مهم است. (Deghat konid ke in tamrin mohem ast.) — Pay attention (be careful) that this exercise is important.

Historically, the root of this word traces back to Old Persian 'karnau-', which evolved through Middle Persian 'kardan.' The transition to the modern 'konid' reflects the streamlining of Iranian languages while maintaining the complex social nuances of the Indo-European verb systems. When you use 'konid,' you are participating in a linguistic tradition that balances authority with grace.

Using کنید (konid) correctly involves mastering its placement within the sentence and its relationship with compound nouns. In Persian, the verb almost always comes at the end of the sentence. This means that even if your request is long and complex, the 'konid' will be the final note that signals the action required.

Structure 1: Simple Imperative: [Noun/Adjective] + کنید. This is the most common pattern. For example: 'Tamiz konid' (Clean [it]). The 'be-' prefix (bekonid) is technically the full imperative form, but in modern Persian, especially with compound verbs, the 'be-' is frequently dropped, leaving just 'konid'.

پنجره را باز کنید. (Panjereh ra baz konid.) — Open the window.

Structure 2: Subjunctive with Modal Verbs: When following 'bayad' (must) or 'mitavanid' (can), 'konid' stays at the end. Example: 'Shoma mitavanid komak konid' (You can help). Here, 'konid' is not a command but a statement of ability or possibility.

Another crucial aspect is the use of 'ra' (the object marker). If you are telling someone to 'do' a specific thing, that thing often takes the 'ra' marker. For instance, 'Mashin ra park konid' (Park the car). The relationship between the object, the compound noun (park), and the helper verb (konid) creates a cohesive action unit.

لطفاً این فرم را پر کنید. (Lotfan in form ra por konid.) — Please fill out this form.

Finally, consider the negative form: نکنید (nakonid). To tell someone 'don't do' something, simply add the 'na-' prefix. 'Negaran nakonid' (Don't make [someone] worried) or 'In kar ra nakonid' (Don't do this work). The stress in the negative form shifts to the first syllable 'na-', which is a key pronunciation tip for learners.

You will hear کنید (konid) from the moment you step into a Persian-speaking environment. It is the language of service, instruction, and social grace. Its frequency is so high that it often blends into the background of daily life, yet it carries significant weight in defining the tone of an interaction.

In Public Spaces: In a metro station, you might hear 'Lotfan be khat-e ghermez nazdik nashavid va deghat konid' (Please do not approach the red line and pay attention). In a restaurant, the waiter might say 'Noosh-e jan konid' (Please enjoy your meal/Bon appétit).

بفرمایید داخل و استراحت کنید. (Befarmayid dakhel va esterahat konid.) — Please come in and rest.

In Professional and Academic Settings: Teachers use 'konid' constantly: 'Goush konid' (Listen), 'Yaddasht konid' (Take notes), 'Sokoot konid' (Be quiet). In an office, a manager might ask, 'Lotfan in gozaresh ra barresi konid' (Please review this report).

In digital spaces, 'konid' is found on every button and menu. 'Click konid' (Click), 'Login konid' (Log in), 'Search konid' (Search). Because Persian adapts foreign technical terms by turning them into compound verbs with 'kardan,' 'konid' has become the gateway for modern technology into the Persian language.

برای ادامه، اینجا کلیک کنید. (Baraye edameh, inja click konid.) — Click here to continue.

Finally, in literature and poetry, 'konid' appears in a more rhythmic and sometimes archaic sense, often with the 'be-' prefix (bekonid) to fit the meter. It serves as a call to action or a plea to a beloved or a deity, showing that even a common word can carry profound emotional and spiritual weight.

Even intermediate learners often stumble when using کنید (konid) because of its dual nature as both a plural and a polite singular form. Understanding these pitfalls is essential for sounding natural and avoiding social awkwardness.

Mistake 1: Over-using the 'Be-' Prefix: While 'bekonid' is grammatically correct for the imperative, saying 'Tamiz bekonid' sounds overly formal or even robotic in daily conversation. Most native speakers drop the 'be-' in compound verbs. Stick to 'Tamiz konid' unless you are writing a formal letter or reciting poetry.

Incorrect: لطفاً نگاه بکنید.
Better: لطفاً نگاه کنید. (Lotfan negah konid.)

Mistake 2: Confusing 'Konid' with 'Konand': Learners often mix up the endings '-id' (you plural) and '-and' (they). Saying 'Shoma kar konand' is a major grammatical error. Remember: '-id' is for the person you are looking at (you), and '-and' is for people you are talking about (them).

Another common error is the placement of the negative marker. In compound verbs, the 'na-' must go directly on the 'konid' part, not the noun. For example, it is 'Fekr nakonid' (Don't think), not 'Nafekr konid'. The helper verb 'kardan' carries all the grammatical weight of negation and tense.

اشتباه نکنید؛ این موضوع جدی است. (Eshtebah nakonid; in mozoo jeddi ast.) — Don't make a mistake; this matter is serious.

Lastly, learners sometimes forget that 'konid' is also used for the subjunctive. After 'bayad' (must), you cannot use the past tense or the simple present; you must use the subjunctive 'konid'. 'Bayad tamrin konid' (You must practice). Forgetting this leads to 'broken' Persian that is understandable but sounds uneducated.

While کنید (konid) is the most common way to express 'do,' Persian offers several alternatives that can change the level of formality, the specific nuance of the action, or the degree of politeness.

بفرمایید (Befarmayid): This is the ultimate 'polite' verb. It can mean 'please do,' 'please come in,' 'please eat,' or 'please say.' In many cases where you might use 'konid' as a command, 'befarmayid' is a much more elegant and Ta'arof-friendly alternative. For example, instead of 'Negah konid' (Look), one might say 'Befarmayid negah konid' or simply 'Befarmayid' while gesturing toward something.

Comparison:
1. این را چک کنید. (Check this - Neutral/Polite)
2. لطفاً این را ملاحظه بفرمایید. (Please observe/check this - Highly Formal)

انجام دهید (Anjam dahid): While 'konid' is 'do,' 'anjam dahid' is more specifically 'perform' or 'execute.' It is used in more formal or technical contexts. You 'konid' a simple task, but you 'anjam dahid' a project, a surgery, or a complex duty.

Another set of alternatives involves specific helper verbs. Instead of 'kardan' (to do), some nouns pair with 'zadan' (to hit/strike), 'dashtan' (to have), or 'keshidan' (to pull). For example, you don't 'konid' a phone call in the most common idiom; you 'telefon mizanid' (though 'telefon konid' is also understood). Choosing the right helper verb is the mark of an advanced speaker.

به من زنگ بزنید. (Be man zang bezanid.) — Call me. (Uses 'bezanid' instead of 'konid')

In summary, while 'konid' is your reliable workhorse, branching out into 'befarmayid' for extreme politeness or 'anjam dahid' for professional precision will significantly elevate your Persian fluency.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The root of 'konid' is related to the English word 'create'. Even though they look different, they share a very ancient linguistic ancestor.

発音ガイド

UK /ko.niːd/

US /koʊ.niːd/

The stress is on the last syllable: ko-NID. In the negative 'nakonid', the stress shifts to the first syllable: NA-konid.

韻が合う語

خورشید (khorshid) ناامید (na-omid) رسید (resid) سفید (sefid) خرید (kharid) شنید (shenid) پرید (parid) چرید (charid)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing the 'o' like the 'u' in 'cut'. It should be a clear 'o'.
Making the 'i' too short like in 'bit'. It should be closer to 'ee' in 'feet'.
Dropping the final 'd' too harshly. It should be audible.
Stress on the first syllable in the positive form.
Confusing the 'o' with 'a' (kanid).

難易度

読解 2/5

Very easy to recognize as it appears frequently at the end of sentences.

ライティング 3/5

Requires knowledge of which nouns pair with it to form compound verbs.

スピーキング 3/5

Must remember to use it for politeness even when addressing one person.

リスニング 2/5

Clear pronunciation makes it easy to hear in speech.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

کردن (kardan) من (man) شما (shoma) لطفاً (lotfan) نه (na)

次に学ぶ

می‌کنم (mikonam) کردم (kardam) بفرمایید (befarmayid) باید (bayad) می‌توانم (mitavanam)

上級

نمایید (namayid) مبذول دارید (mabzul darid) انجام پذیرد (anjam pazirad) اتخاذ کنید (atkhaz konid) اهتمام ورزید (ehtemam varzid)

知っておくべき文法

Imperative Mood Formation

Present stem 'kon' + ending 'id' = 'konid'.

Subjunctive Mood with Modal Verbs

Bayad (must) + subjunctive (konid).

Compound Verb Structure

Noun (e.g., ashpazi) + helper verb (konid).

Negation of Imperatives

Add 'na-' prefix to the helper verb: 'nakonid'.

Politeness (Ta'arof)

Using plural 'id' for a singular subject to show respect.

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レベル別の例文

لطفاً نگاه کنید.

Please look.

Simple imperative using a compound verb (negah + konid).

در را باز کنید.

Open the door.

Direct command using the plural/formal form.

گوش کنید.

Listen.

One-word command often used in classrooms.

صبر کنید.

Wait.

Common polite request in public places.

اینجا بازی کنید.

Play here.

Using 'konid' with the noun 'bazi' (play).

کتاب را باز کنید.

Open the book.

Standard classroom instruction.

صحبت کنید.

Speak.

Encouraging someone to talk.

کمک کنید!

Help!

Urgent imperative form.

لطفاً پنجره را پاک کنید.

Please clean the window.

Compound verb 'pak kardan' in polite imperative.

امروز ورزش کنید.

Exercise today.

Giving a simple health suggestion.

غذا را گرم کنید.

Heat the food.

Instruction involving an adjective (garm) + konid.

سر و صدا نکنید.

Don't make noise.

Negative imperative (na- + konid).

لطفاً چای درست کنید.

Please make tea.

Common household request.

می‌توانید به من کمک کنید؟

Can you help me?

Subjunctive use after 'mitavanid'.

تلفن را جواب کنید.

Answer the phone.

Compound verb 'javab kardan'.

این لباس را امتحان کنید.

Try on this dress/clothing.

Shopping context.

باید برای امتحان تمرین کنید.

You must practice for the exam.

Subjunctive 'konid' following the modal 'bayad'.

لطفاً این فرم را پر کنید.

Please fill out this form.

Formal request in an office or bank.

سعی کنید زودتر بخوابید.

Try to sleep earlier.

Using 'sa'y konid' (try) as a piece of advice.

ماشین را اینجا پارک نکنید.

Don't park the car here.

Negative imperative in a public context.

می‌خواهید چه کار کنید؟

What do you want to do?

Subjunctive 'konid' after 'mikhahid'.

لطفاً این موضوع را بررسی کنید.

Please investigate/review this matter.

Professional compound verb 'barresi kardan'.

دقت کنید که وقت کم است.

Pay attention that time is short.

Using 'deghat konid' to emphasize importance.

پیازها را خرد کنید.

Chop the onions.

Instructional language from a recipe.

پیشنهاد می‌کنم با او مشورت کنید.

I suggest you consult with him/her.

Subjunctive 'konid' in a complex suggestion.

سعی کنید احساسات خود را کنترل کنید.

Try to control your emotions.

Psychological advice using compound verbs.

لطفاً در مصرف آب صرفه‌جویی کنید.

Please save/economize on water consumption.

Formal public service announcement.

نباید به شایعات اعتماد کنید.

You should not trust rumors.

Negative modal 'nabayad' + subjunctive.

ممکن است این فایل را آپلود کنید؟

Is it possible for you to upload this file?

Polite request using 'momken ast'.

تلاش کنید تا به اهدافتان برسید.

Strive to reach your goals.

Motivational use of 'talash konid'.

لطفاً این متن را به انگلیسی ترجمه کنید.

Please translate this text into English.

Task-oriented imperative.

فکر نکنید که این کار آسان است.

Don't think that this task is easy.

Negative imperative used for emphasis.

تأمل کنید تا حقیقت را دریابید.

Reflect so that you may discover the truth.

Literary/Academic verb 'ta'amol kardan'.

شایسته است که به حقوق دیگران احترام بگذارید و رعایت کنید.

It is fitting that you respect and observe the rights of others.

Highly formal ethical instruction.

لطفاً از قضاوت‌های عجولانه پرهیز کنید.

Please refrain from hasty judgments.

Formal advice using 'parhiz kardan'.

باید میان این دو گزینه تمایز قائل شوید و انتخاب کنید.

You must distinguish between these two options and choose.

Complex logical instruction.

تصور کنید که در یک دنیای بدون جنگ زندگی می‌کنید.

Imagine that you are living in a world without war.

Rhetorical/Creative imperative.

مراقب باشید که در دام این مغالطه‌ها نیفتید و دقت کنید.

Be careful not to fall into the trap of these fallacies and pay attention.

Academic warning.

پیشنهاد می‌شود که منابع را به دقت استناد کنید.

It is suggested that you cite the sources carefully.

Passive suggestion followed by subjunctive.

سعی کنید در نگارش خود ایجاز را رعایت کنید.

Try to observe brevity in your writing.

Stylistic instruction.

حتی اگر مخالفت دارید، سعی کنید سعه صدر داشته باشید و تحمل کنید.

Even if you disagree, try to have magnanimity and endure.

Use of high-level idiomatic Persian (sa'e-ye sadr).

باید در مواجهه با ناملایمات، استقامت کنید.

You must persevere in the face of adversities.

Philosophical/Resilient tone.

لطفاً در تحلیل خود، تمامی جوانب را مد نظر قرار دهید و بررسی کنید.

Please take all aspects into consideration in your analysis and investigate.

Advanced analytical command.

تلاش کنید تا از بند تعلقات رها شوید و پرواز کنید.

Strive to be free from the bonds of attachments and fly.

Mystical/Poetic imperative.

شما موظف هستید که طبق مفاد قرارداد عمل کنید.

You are obligated to act according to the terms of the contract.

Legal/Contractual obligation.

ای کاش می‌توانستید عمق این فاجعه را درک کنید.

If only you could understand the depth of this tragedy.

Subjunctive expressing regret/wish.

در خلوت خود تفکر کنید تا به خودشناسی برسید.

Contemplate in your solitude to reach self-knowledge.

Spiritual/Introspective command.

نباید اجازه دهید که ترس بر اراده شما غلبه کند؛ پس ایستادگی کنید.

You must not let fear overcome your will; therefore, stand firm.

Rhetorical and motivational complex sentence.

よく使う組み合わせ

کمک کنید

فکر کنید

صبر کنید

تلاش کنید

دقت کنید

فراموش نکنید

صحبت کنید

تماس بگیرید

پاک کنید

باز کنید

よく使うフレーズ

هر کاری می‌کنید، بکنید

— Do whatever you want (can be dismissive).

دیگر برایم مهم نیست، هر کاری می‌کنید، بکنید.

دعا کنید

— Pray for someone or something.

برای سلامتی او دعا کنید.

اعتماد کنید

— Trust someone or something.

به حرف‌های من اعتماد کنید.

باور کنید

— Believe me / Believe it.

باور کنید که حقیقت را می‌گویم.

ترک کنید

— Leave a place or a habit.

لطفاً اتاق را ترک کنید.

امضا کنید

— Sign a document.

اینجا را امضا کنید.

انتخاب کنید

— Make a choice.

بهترین گزینه را انتخاب کنید.

تغییر دهید

— Change something (uses 'dahid' but 'konid' is common for 'change clothes').

لباس خود را تغییر دهید (Change your clothes).

حرکت کنید

— Move or start moving.

سریع‌تر حرکت کنید.

تایپ کنید

— Type something.

نام خود را تایپ کنید.

よく混同される語

کنید vs کنید (konid) vs. می‌کنید (mikonid)

Konid is a command or subjunctive; mikonid is the present continuous/habitual (you are doing).

کنید vs کنید (konid) vs. کنند (konand)

Konid is for 'you' (plural); konand is for 'they'.

کنید vs کنید (konid) vs. کنید (konid - past stem?)

Actually, the past stem is 'kard-'. Don't confuse 'konid' with 'kardid' (you did).

慣用句と表現

"گوش‌زد کنید"

— To remind or warn someone repeatedly.

این نکته را به او گوش‌زد کنید.

Formal

"پشت گوش نیندازید"

— Don't procrastinate or ignore a task (literally: don't throw it behind the ear).

این کار را پشت گوش نیندازید و انجامش دهید.

Informal/Idiomatic

"فیل هوا نکنید"

— Don't do something impossible or overly complicated (literally: don't fly an elephant).

فقط یک گزارش ساده بنویسید، فیل هوا نکنید.

Slang/Colloquial

"سر به سر کسی نگذارید"

— Don't tease or annoy someone.

با او سر به سر نگذارید، حالش خوب نیست.

Informal

"دل‌دل نکنید"

— Don't hesitate.

دل‌دل نکنید و تصمیم بگیرید.

Informal

"کوتاهی نکنید"

— Don't fall short; do your best.

در انجام وظایف خود کوتاهی نکنید.

Formal

"خون به پا نکنید"

— Don't cause a huge scene or disaster (literally: don't start a bloodbath).

آرام باشید و خون به پا نکنید.

Idiomatic

"چشم‌پوشی کنید"

— To overlook or forgive a mistake.

لطفاً از این خطای او چشم‌پوشی کنید.

Formal

"دست‌دست نکنید"

— Don't delay or stall.

وقت تنگ است، دست‌دست نکنید.

Informal

"رو سفید کنید"

— To make someone proud (literally: to make their face white).

با موفقیت خود، ما را رو سفید کنید.

Idiomatic

間違えやすい

کنید vs بکنید (bekonid)

It looks different due to the 'be-' prefix.

It is the same word, just a more formal or emphatic version of the imperative.

لطفاً این کار را بکنید.

کنید vs بکنید (bekanid)

Only one vowel difference.

Bekanid comes from 'kandan' (to dig or to pluck), not 'kardan'.

زمین را بکنید (Dig the ground).

کنید vs کنید (konid) vs. شوید (shavid)

Both are common helper verbs.

Konid is active (to make/do); shavid is passive or state-changing (to become).

بیدار شوید (Wake up) vs. بیدار کنید (Wake someone up).

کنید vs دهید (dahid)

Both are used in compound verbs.

Dahid (to give) is used with certain nouns like 'pasokh' (answer) or 'tashkhis' (diagnosis).

پاسخ دهید (Answer).

کنید vs زنید (zanid)

Common helper verb.

Zanid (to hit) is used for 'calling' (zang zanid) or 'playing an instrument'.

گیتار بزنید (Play guitar).

文型パターン

لطفاً [اسم] کنید.

لطفاً نگاه کنید.

[اسم] نکنید.

گریه نکنید.

باید [اسم] کنید.

باید ورزش کنید.

می‌توانید [اسم] کنید؟

می‌توانید صبر کنید؟

سعی کنید [اسم] کنید.

سعی کنید تمرکز کنید.

پیشنهاد می‌شود [اسم] کنید.

پیشنهاد می‌شود مطالعه کنید.

موظف هستید [اسم] کنید.

موظف هستید رعایت کنید.

ای کاش [اسم] می‌کردید.

ای کاش دقت می‌کردید (Past subjunctive).

語族

名詞

کار (kar - work)

کردار (kerdar - behavior/deed)

کننده (konandeh - doer/agent)

動詞

کردن (kardan - to do)

کرد (kard - he/she did)

می‌کند (mikonad - he/she does)

形容詞

کردنی (kardani - worth doing)

کاربردی (karbordi - practical/applied)

使い方

frequency

Extremely high; it is one of the top 10 most used verb forms in Persian.

よくある間違い

Using 'kon' with a teacher. → Use 'konid'.
The singular 'kon' is too informal for a teacher-student relationship.
Saying 'Shoma kar mikonid' as a command. → Shoma kar konid.
'Mikonid' is a statement (You are working), not a command.
Placing 'na' on the noun: 'Nafekr konid'. → Fekr nakonid.
The negation prefix must always go on the helper verb.
Using 'konid' for 'they'. → Use 'konand'.
'-id' is strictly for the second person (you).
Forgetting 'konid' after 'bayad'. → Bayad tamrin konid.
Modal verbs require the subjunctive form of the following verb.

ヒント

The Helper Rule

Remember that 'konid' doesn't usually stand alone. Always look for the noun or adjective before it to understand the action.

Safety First

When in doubt with a stranger, always use 'konid'. It's better to be too polite than to accidentally offend someone with 'kon'.

Negative Stress

When saying 'nakonid', put the emphasis on the 'NA'. This makes your command clear and native-sounding.

Compound Spacing

In modern Persian typing, use a 'half-space' (z-fasele) between the noun and 'konid' if your keyboard allows, or just a regular space.

Endings Matter

Train your ear to catch the '-id' sound at the end of sentences; it's the key to knowing you're being asked or told to do something.

Expand with Nouns

Instead of learning new verbs, learn new nouns and pair them with 'konid'. It's the fastest way to grow your Persian vocabulary.

Ta'arof Context

If someone says 'Lotfan beframayid', they might want you to 'konid' something (like sit or eat). Context is everything.

The 'Do' Connection

Associate 'Kon' with 'Conduct'. To conduct an action is to 'konid' it.

Daily Commands

Narrate your day using 'konid' for things you would tell someone else to do: 'Dar ra baz konid', 'Chay dorost konid'.

Subjunctive Mastery

Practice using 'konid' after 'bayad' (must) to sound more fluent in expressing necessity.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of a 'CONductor' (kon-) telling an orchestra what to 'DO'. Kon-id = You do!

視覚的連想

Imagine a remote control with a big button that says 'KONID' instead of 'DO IT'.

Word Web

Do Make Polite Plural Command Subjunctive Helper Action

チャレンジ

Try to find 5 things in your room you can 'konid' (e.g., baz konid, tamiz konid) and say them out loud.

語源

Derived from the Old Persian root 'karnau-', which meant to make or build. This root is cognate with the Sanskrit 'kr-' and the Latin 'creare'.

元の意味： To construct, create, or bring into existence.

Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> West Iranian -> Persian.

文化的な背景

Avoid using the singular 'kon' in professional or formal settings as it can sound condescending.

English uses 'please' + 'do' to show politeness. Persian uses the plural 'konid' to achieve the same effect, similar to 'vous' in French or 'Sie' in German.

Used in the Persian translation of the Bible (Ten Commandments). Commonly heard in Iranian cinema during dramatic confrontations. Found in the lyrics of many classical and pop Persian songs.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

At a Restaurant

صورت‌حساب را بیاورید (Note: uses 'biavarid')
سفارش دهید
نوش جان کنید
صبر کنید

In a Classroom

گوش کنید
بنویسید (Note: uses 'benevisid')
تمرین کنید
دقت کنید

At Home

کمک کنید
تمیز کنید
غذا درست کنید
استراحت کنید

At the Doctor

نفس بکشید (Note: uses 'bekeshid')
توصیف کنید
استفاده کنید
نگران نباشید (Note: uses 'nabashid')

Using Technology

کلیک کنید
دانلود کنید
ذخیره کنید
ارسال کنید

会話のきっかけ

"لطفاً درباره خودتان صحبت کنید."

"می‌توانید به من در این مورد کمک کنید؟"

"لطفاً نظر خود را بیان کنید."

"سعی کنید این غذا را امتحان کنید، عالی است!"

"چطور می‌توانید این مشکل را حل کنید؟"

日記のテーマ

لیستی از کارهایی که باید امروز انجام دهید را بنویسید و از 'کنید' استفاده کنید.

تصور کنید معلم هستید؛ پنج دستور به دانش‌آموزان خود بدهید.

یک دستور پخت ساده بنویسید و در هر مرحله از 'کنید' استفاده کنید.

چگونه می‌توانید به محیط زیست کمک کنید؟ ایده‌های خود را بنویسید.

نامه‌ای به دوست خود بنویسید و از او بخواهید کاری برای شما انجام دهد.

よくある質問

10 問

Yes, when addressing one person, it is the polite form. When addressing a group, it is the standard plural form. It is rarely considered rude unless said with a very aggressive tone.

Yes, you can use it with a group of friends. If you are talking to just one close friend, you would usually use 'kon' instead of 'konid' to sound more natural and intimate.

'Bekonid' is the full grammatical imperative. In modern spoken Persian, the 'be-' is usually dropped in compound verbs (e.g., 'tamiz konid'). In formal writing, 'bekonid' is more common.

Simply add 'na-' to the beginning: 'nakonid'. For example, 'fekr nakonid' means 'don't think'.

Persian is a Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) language. The verb, including helper verbs like 'konid', almost always comes at the end.

It can mean both. The specific meaning depends on the noun it is paired with. 'Ghaza konid' (make food - though 'dorost konid' is better) vs. 'Kar konid' (do work).

Not directly. For the future, you would use 'khahid kard'. However, 'konid' as a subjunctive can refer to future possibilities after 'bayad' or 'shayad'.

Yes, extensively. Poets use it to address the reader, a beloved, or God, often keeping the 'be-' prefix for rhythmic purposes.

Baz konid (open), komak konid (help), fekr konid (think), negah konid (look), and shoru konid (start).

It's like the 'o' in 'more' or 'go', but shorter. It should not sound like 'u' in 'sun'.

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