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A2 noun #1,000 الأكثر شيوعاً 16 دقيقة للقراءة

जन्म

الأكثر شيوعاً #1,000

At the A1 level, you only need to know the word 'जन्म' in the context of birthdays. The most important word for you to learn right now is 'जन्मदिन' (Janmdin), which means 'birthday'. You will use this word to tell people when your birthday is, or to wish someone a happy birthday. For example, you can say 'आज मेरा जन्मदिन है' (Aaj mera janmdin hai), which means 'Today is my birthday'. You can also learn to say 'जन्मदिन मुबारक हो' (Janmdin mubarak ho), which is the most common way to say 'Happy Birthday' in Hindi. At this stage, do not worry about complex grammar rules regarding the word 'जन्म'. Just focus on recognizing it when people talk about dates and celebrations. It is a very happy and common word that you will hear often in social situations, especially if you have Hindi-speaking friends or colleagues.

At the A2 level, you should start using 'जन्म' to talk about where and when you or someone else was born. You need to learn the phrase 'मेरा जन्म... में हुआ था' (Mera janm... mein hua tha), which means 'I was born in...'. For example, 'मेरा जन्म लंदन में हुआ था' (I was born in London). Notice that 'जन्म' is a masculine noun, so we use 'मेरा' (my) and 'हुआ था' (happened). You can also ask others about their birth: 'आपका जन्म कहाँ हुआ था?' (Where were you born?). You will also start seeing this word on official forms, such as 'जन्म तिथि' (Date of Birth). Understanding that 'जन्म' means the actual event of birth, and that it requires the verb 'होना' (to happen) to make a complete sentence, is the key grammar point for this level. Practice introducing yourself by stating your name, your profession, and where your 'जन्म' took place.

At the B1 level, your vocabulary expands to include historical and narrative uses of 'जन्म'. You will use it to talk about famous people, leaders, and historical events. Instead of just using 'जन्म हुआ' (was born), you will learn the active construction 'जन्म लेना' (to take birth), which is often used for respected figures. For example, 'गांधी जी ने गुजरात में जन्म लिया' (Gandhi ji took birth in Gujarat). You will also learn the phrase 'जन्म देना' (to give birth), used when talking about mothers or animals. For example, 'उसकी गाय ने एक बछड़े को जन्म दिया' (His cow gave birth to a calf). At this level, you should be comfortable with the 'ने' (ne) rule when using 'जन्म दिया' in the past tense. You will also start understanding compound words like 'जन्मस्थान' (birthplace) and 'जन्मभूमि' (motherland), which are common in stories and news articles.

At the B2 level, you will encounter 'जन्म' in more abstract, philosophical, and cultural contexts. You will read and hear about concepts like 'पुनर्जन्म' (reincarnation or rebirth), which is a significant topic in Indian culture and literature. You will also use 'जन्म' metaphorically to describe the origin of ideas, movements, or institutions. For example, 'इस आंदोलन का जन्म गरीबी के कारण हुआ' (This movement was born out of poverty). You will understand phrases like 'जन्म से' (since birth) to describe lifelong conditions or traits, such as 'वह जन्म से अंधा है' (He is blind since birth) or 'वह जन्मजात कलाकार है' (He is an innate artist). At this stage, you should be able to differentiate between 'जन्म' (formal noun) and 'पैदा' (colloquial adjective) and know exactly when to use which term depending on the formality of the situation.

At the C1 level, your use of 'जन्म' becomes highly nuanced and idiomatic. You will engage with classical Hindi literature, poetry, and complex socio-political discussions where 'जन्म' is used to evoke deep emotion or cultural pride. You will understand and use advanced compound words like 'जन्मांध' (blind from birth), 'जन्मसिद्ध' (birthright, as in 'जन्मसिद्ध अधिकार'), and 'जन्मांतर' (another life/birth). You will be able to discuss demographic topics using terms like 'जन्म दर' (birth rate) in formal debates or essays. You will also appreciate the subtle differences between synonyms like 'उत्पत्ति' (origin), 'सृष्टि' (creation), and 'जन्म' (birth), using them accurately in academic or professional writing. Your understanding of the word will encompass its full Sanskrit heritage and its modern socio-political implications in the Hindi-speaking world.

At the C2 level, you have a native-like mastery of the word 'जन्म' and its vast family of derivatives. You can effortlessly navigate ancient philosophical texts (like the Bhagavad Gita) discussing 'जन्म-मृत्यु चक्र' (the cycle of birth and death) and modern literary critiques discussing the 'जन्म' of new literary eras. You understand regional and poetic variations, such as 'जनम' (Janam), and can use them appropriately in creative writing or when analyzing Bollywood lyrics. You can construct complex, eloquent sentences using 'जन्म' as a rhetorical device, such as 'मनुष्य जन्म दुर्लभ है' (Human birth is rare/precious). You are fully aware of the etymological roots, the cultural weight of astrology ('जन्मपत्री'), and the profound emotional resonance of 'जन्मभूमि'. You use the word not just to communicate facts, but to convey deep cultural, spiritual, and philosophical meaning.

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जन्म في 30 ثانية

Means 'birth' or 'origin'.
Masculine noun in Hindi.
Used with verbs होना or देना.
Root of words like 'birthday'.

The Hindi word जन्म (Janm) is a fundamental noun that translates directly to 'birth' in English. It is a word of Sanskrit origin (Tatsama) and carries significant cultural, religious, and everyday importance in the Hindi-speaking world. Understanding this word is essential for learners because it forms the root of many other common words, such as 'जन्मदिन' (birthday) and 'जन्मभूमि' (motherland). When people use this word, they are typically referring to the physical act of being born, the origin of something, or the concept of life cycles in philosophical discussions.

Literal Meaning: The physical emergence of a new living being into the world; the start of life.

In everyday conversation, you will hear 'जन्म' most frequently when people discuss birthdays, birthplaces, or the birth of a child. It is a masculine noun in Hindi, which means it dictates the gender of the adjectives and verbs associated with it. For example, you would say 'मेरा जन्म' (my birth) using the masculine possessive pronoun 'मेरा' (mera), regardless of whether the speaker is male or female. This is a crucial grammatical point that learners often miss.

मेरा जन्म भारत में हुआ था। (I was born in India.)

Beyond the literal physical birth, 'जन्म' is deeply intertwined with Indian philosophy and spirituality. In Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, the concept of 'पुनर्जन्म' (Punarbhava or Punarjanm), meaning reincarnation or rebirth, is a central tenet. Therefore, 'जन्म' is not just a biological event but a spiritual milestone. You will often hear this word in religious discourses, historical narratives, and classical literature.

Let us explore some of the most common contexts where this word appears. When filling out official forms in India, you will encounter the term 'जन्म तिथि' (Date of Birth) or 'जन्म प्रमाण पत्र' (Birth Certificate). In these formal contexts, the Sanskritized vocabulary is preferred over colloquial terms like 'पैदाइश' (Paidaish), which has Persian/Urdu roots.

कृपया अपना जन्म प्रमाण पत्र दिखाएं। (Please show your birth certificate.)

Philosophical Context: Used to discuss the cycle of life and death, often paired with 'मृत्यु' (death).

Another fascinating aspect of 'जन्म' is its use in astrology. In Indian culture, astrology (Jyotish) plays a significant role, and a person's 'जन्म कुंडली' (Birth Chart) is cast based on the exact time and place of their birth. This chart is consulted for major life events, such as marriage or starting a new business. Thus, the word 'जन्म' carries a weight of destiny and cosmic alignment.

पंडित जी ने बच्चे की जन्म कुंडली बनाई। (The priest made the child's birth chart.)

When speaking informally, people might use the word 'पैदा' (Paida) instead of 'जन्म' for the act of being born. For instance, 'मैं दिल्ली में पैदा हुआ' (I was born in Delhi) is very common. However, 'जन्म' remains universally understood and is slightly more formal and respectful. It is the preferred term in written Hindi, news broadcasts, and formal speeches.

To truly master this word, you must practice its collocations. Words like 'जन्मजात' (innate/congenital), 'जन्मस्थान' (birthplace), and 'जन्मसिद्ध' (birthright) are excellent vocabulary builders. For example, the famous Indian freedom fighter Bal Gangadhar Tilak said, 'Swaraj is my birthright' which translates to 'स्वराज मेरा जन्मसिद्ध अधिकार है'. Here, 'जन्मसिद्ध' directly utilizes the root 'जन्म'.

स्वतंत्रता हमारा जन्मसिद्ध अधिकार है। (Freedom is our birthright.)

Compound Words: Janm forms the prefix for many words related to origin, nature, and rights.

In conclusion, 'जन्म' is much more than just a translation for 'birth'. It is a gateway to understanding Indian administrative terms, spiritual concepts, historical quotes, and everyday celebrations. By learning how to use 'जन्म' correctly, you elevate your Hindi from basic transactional language to a more culturally nuanced and respectful level of communication.

हर जन्म एक नई शुरुआत है। (Every birth is a new beginning.)

Using the word जन्म (Janm) correctly in Hindi sentences requires an understanding of its grammatical nature. As a masculine noun, it interacts with postpositions and verbs in specific ways. English speakers often make the mistake of treating 'जन्म' as a verb because 'born' functions as a verb or adjective in English. In Hindi, you must use compound verbs to express the action of being born or giving birth.

Grammar Rule 1: To say 'to be born', use the structure: [Subject + का] + जन्म + होना (to happen).

The most common way to say 'I was born' is 'मेरा जन्म हुआ था' (Mera janm hua tha). Let us break this down. 'मेरा' (Mera) means 'my'. 'जन्म' (Janm) means 'birth'. 'हुआ था' (hua tha) means 'happened'. Literally, you are saying 'My birth happened'. This passive-like construction is very common in Hindi for events that happen to a person rather than actions a person actively performs.

उसका जन्म एक छोटे गाँव में हुआ था। (He/She was born in a small village.)

Another way to express being born is using the active compound verb 'जन्म लेना' (Janm lena), which literally translates to 'to take birth'. This is often used for historical figures, great personalities, or in literary contexts. For example, 'भगवान राम ने अयोध्या में जन्म लिया' (Lord Ram took birth in Ayodhya). This structure gives a sense of agency to the person being born, implying a divine or significant arrival.

When talking about a mother giving birth, the phrase is 'जन्म देना' (Janm dena), meaning 'to give birth'. The structure is: [Mother + ने] + [Child + को] + जन्म दिया. Because 'देना' is a transitive verb, the subject (the mother) takes the 'ने' (ne) postposition in the past tense, and the object (the child) takes the 'को' (ko) postposition.

माँ ने एक सुंदर बच्चे को जन्म दिया। (The mother gave birth to a beautiful child.)

Grammar Rule 2: When using 'जन्म देना' in the past tense, always use the 'ने' construction for the subject.

You will also frequently use 'जन्म' as a prefix to create new nouns. The most famous is 'जन्मदिन' (Janmdin - birthday). When constructing sentences with 'जन्मदिन', treat it as a masculine singular noun. 'आज मेरा जन्मदिन है' (Today is my birthday). You can also use it to talk about the origin of non-living things, like an idea or an institution, though words like 'स्थापना' (establishment) or 'उत्पत्ति' (origin) might be more precise depending on the context.

इस विचार का जन्म बीसवीं सदी में हुआ। (This idea was born in the twentieth century.)

Let us look at how to ask questions using 'जन्म'. If you want to ask someone where they were born, you would say: 'आपका जन्म कहाँ हुआ था?' (Where did your birth happen? / Where were you born?). If you want to ask when they were born: 'आपका जन्म कब हुआ था?' (When were you born?). Notice how the possessive pronoun 'आपका' (Aapka - your, formal) agrees with the masculine noun 'जन्म'.

In formal writing, you might encounter the phrase 'जन्म से' (Janm se), which means 'since birth' or 'by birth'. For example, 'वह जन्म से अंधा है' (He is blind since birth). This is a very useful phrase for describing congenital conditions or lifelong traits. Another variation is 'जन्म भर' (Janm bhar), meaning 'lifelong' or 'for a whole lifetime'.

वह जन्म से ही बहुत होशियार है। (He is very smart right from birth.)

Prepositional Use: Use 'जन्म से' (from birth) to indicate a state or condition that has existed since a person was born.

Practicing these sentence structures will make your Hindi sound much more natural. Remember the core verbs: होना (to happen - passive), लेना (to take - active/reverent), and देना (to give - transitive). Mastering these combinations with 'जन्म' is a significant step toward fluency in Hindi.

उसने एक नए युग को जन्म दिया। (He gave birth to a new era.)

The word जन्म (Janm) is ubiquitous in Hindi-speaking societies, bridging the gap between highly formal administrative language and deeply personal, everyday celebrations. Knowing where and how you will encounter this word helps in understanding the cultural fabric of India. You will hear it in hospitals, government offices, temples, schools, and at home during family gatherings. Let us explore these diverse environments in detail.

Administrative Context: Used in all official documents, forms, and legal proceedings regarding a person's identity.

If you ever have to fill out a visa application, a school admission form, or a bank account application in Hindi, you will undoubtedly see the phrase 'जन्म तिथि' (Janm Tithi) or 'जन्म की तारीख' (Janm ki Tareekh), both meaning 'Date of Birth'. Similarly, 'जन्म स्थान' (Janm Sthan) asks for your 'Place of Birth'. In hospitals, when a baby is born, the administration issues a 'जन्म प्रमाण पत्र' (Janm Pramaan Patra), which is the official Birth Certificate. In these scenarios, 'जन्म' is the standard, legally recognized term.

फॉर्म में अपनी जन्म तिथि सही भरें। (Fill in your date of birth correctly in the form.)

In the realm of religion and astrology, 'जन्म' takes on a profound significance. When a child is born in a Hindu family, a priest (Pandit) is often consulted to create a 'जन्म कुंडली' (Janm Kundali) or birth chart. This chart maps the positions of the planets at the exact time of 'जन्म'. You will also hear the word during religious discourses (Satsangs), where spiritual leaders talk about 'जन्म-मरण का चक्र' (the cycle of birth and death) and the ultimate goal of achieving Moksha (liberation) from 'पुनर्जन्म' (rebirth).

In schools and educational settings, history books are filled with the word 'जन्म'. Students learn about the 'जन्म' of great leaders, freedom fighters, and historical figures. For instance, October 2nd is celebrated as Gandhi Jayanti, marking the 'जन्म' of Mahatma Gandhi. Teachers will ask questions like, 'शिवाजी का जन्म कब हुआ था?' (When was Shivaji born?). Here, the word is used to anchor historical timelines.

महात्मा गांधी का जन्म पोरबंदर में हुआ था। (Mahatma Gandhi was born in Porbandar.)

Social Celebrations: The most common daily use is in the context of birthdays and anniversaries.

Of course, the most joyful and frequent use of the word is in the compound word 'जन्मदिन' (Janmdin - birthday). Whether it is a child's first birthday party or a colleague's office celebration, you will hear people singing 'जन्मदिन मुबारक हो' (Happy Birthday). You might also hear 'सालगिरह' (Saalgirah), which is an Urdu word for anniversary or birthday, but 'जन्मदिन' is the universally understood Hindi equivalent. Social media in India is flooded with posts wishing people on their 'जन्मदिन'.

आज मेरे सबसे अच्छे दोस्त का जन्मदिन है। (Today is my best friend's birthday.)

You will also encounter 'जन्म' in patriotic songs and literature. The concept of 'जन्मभूमि' (Janmbhoomi), meaning motherland or the land of one's birth, evokes strong emotions. Songs often praise the 'जन्मभूमि', elevating the physical place of birth to a sacred status. For example, the famous phrase 'जननी जन्मभूमिश्च स्वर्गादपि गरीयसी' (Mother and motherland are superior even to heaven) highlights this deep cultural reverence.

Finally, in news media and journalism, 'जन्म' is used to report demographic data, such as the 'जन्म दर' (Janm Dar - birth rate). Reporters might discuss how the 'जन्म दर' is changing in different states. Thus, from the mystical charts of an astrologer to the cold statistics of a government census, 'जन्म' is a word that permeates every level of Hindi communication.

देश की जन्म दर में कमी आई है। (The birth rate of the country has decreased.)

Media and News: Used in statistical reporting, such as birth rates and population growth discussions.

यह अस्पताल जन्म के समय अच्छी देखभाल प्रदान करता है। (This hospital provides good care at the time of birth.)

When English speakers learn the Hindi word जन्म (Janm), they often encounter a few specific stumbling blocks. Because English uses 'born' as an adjective or a past participle (e.g., 'I was born'), learners frequently try to map English grammar directly onto Hindi. This leads to awkward or incorrect sentences. Understanding these common mistakes will significantly improve your fluency and confidence.

Mistake 1: Treating 'Janm' as a Verb: Using 'जन्म' directly as an action word without a supporting verb like 'होना' or 'लेना'.

The most frequent error is saying something like 'मैं भारत में जन्म' (Main Bharat mein janm) to mean 'I was born in India'. This is grammatically incomplete and sounds like 'I birth in India'. 'जन्म' is strictly a noun. To express the action, you must use a compound verb. The correct phrasing is 'मेरा जन्म भारत में हुआ था' (My birth happened in India) or, using the colloquial alternative, 'मैं भारत में पैदा हुआ था' (I was born in India).

गलत: मैं दिल्ली में जन्म। सही: मेरा जन्म दिल्ली में हुआ था। (Wrong: I birth in Delhi. Right: I was born in Delhi.)

Another common mistake involves gender agreement. In Hindi, every noun has a gender, and 'जन्म' is masculine. English speakers, especially female speakers, often mistakenly use feminine possessive pronouns with it. A woman might say 'मेरी जन्म' (Meri janm) thinking the pronoun should match her own gender. However, in the phrase 'मेरा जन्म' (Mera janm), the pronoun 'मेरा' agrees with the masculine noun 'जन्म', not the speaker. Therefore, everyone, regardless of gender, must say 'मेरा जन्म'.

Learners also confuse 'जन्म' (Janm) with 'पैदा' (Paida). While both relate to birth, they function differently in a sentence. 'पैदा' is an adjective (meaning born or produced). You can say 'मैं पैदा हुआ' (I was born - where 'मैं' is the subject). But you cannot say 'मैं जन्म हुआ'. With 'जन्म', the structure must be 'मेरा जन्म हुआ' (My birth happened). Mixing these two structures—such as saying 'मेरा पैदा हुआ' or 'मैं जन्म हुआ'—is a classic beginner mistake.

सही: वह अस्पताल में पैदा हुआ। सही: उसका जन्म अस्पताल में हुआ। (Both mean: He was born in the hospital.)

Mistake 2: Incorrect Prepositions: Using 'में' (in) instead of 'से' (from) when talking about conditions present since birth.

When expressing that someone has had a condition 'since birth', learners sometimes translate literally from English and say 'जन्म से' which is correct, but occasionally they say 'जन्म में' (in birth) which is incorrect. For example, 'He is deaf since birth' should be 'वह जन्म से बहरा है' (Vah janm se bahra hai). Using 'जन्म में' would imply something happened during the physical process of birth, not a continuous state starting from that point.

वह जन्म से ही बहुत शांत है। (He has been very quiet since birth.)

Furthermore, learners sometimes mispronounce the word. The word is spelled 'जन्म' (ja-n-ma), but the 'n' and 'm' are conjunct consonants (आधा न और म). It is pronounced 'Janm' (rhymes with 'sun' + 'm'), not 'Janam' with a full 'a' sound between the n and m. While 'Janam' is often used in Bollywood songs for poetic meter or as a term of endearment (meaning 'life' or 'beloved' derived from the same root), in standard spoken Hindi, it should be a crisp 'Janm'.

Lastly, be careful with the phrase 'जन्म देना' (to give birth). Because 'देना' is a transitive verb, the subject must take the 'ने' (ne) marker in perfective past tenses. A common mistake is saying 'माँ एक बच्चे को जन्म दिया' instead of the correct 'माँ ने एक बच्चे को जन्म दिया'. The 'ने' is absolutely mandatory here.

बिल्ली ने चार बच्चों को जन्म दिया। (The cat gave birth to four kittens.)

Mistake 3: Missing 'ने' Marker: Forgetting the 'ने' postposition with the subject when using 'जन्म दिया' (gave birth).

रानी ने एक राजकुमार को जन्म दिया। (The queen gave birth to a prince.)

The Hindi language is incredibly rich, drawing vocabulary from Sanskrit, Persian, Arabic, and regional dialects. Because of this, there are several words related to जन्म (Janm) that carry similar meanings but are used in slightly different contexts. Understanding these nuances will help you choose the right word for the right situation, elevating your Hindi from basic to advanced.

पैदा (Paida): An adjective of Persian origin meaning 'born' or 'produced'. Highly common in spoken Hindi.

The most common alternative to 'जन्म' in everyday conversation is 'पैदा' (Paida). While 'जन्म' is a noun, 'पैदा' functions as an adjective. You will hear people say 'मैं मुंबई में पैदा हुआ' (I was born in Mumbai) much more frequently than 'मेरा जन्म मुंबई में हुआ था' in casual street Hindi. 'पैदा' is also used for agriculture and production, such as 'फसल पैदा करना' (to produce crops), whereas 'जन्म' is strictly reserved for living beings or the metaphorical birth of ideas.

वह एक गरीब परिवार में पैदा हुआ था। (He was born into a poor family.)

Another related word is 'उत्पत्ति' (Utpatti). This is a formal, Sanskrit-derived noun that means 'origin', 'creation', or 'genesis'. While 'जन्म' is used for humans and animals, 'उत्पत्ति' is used for the origin of the universe, the source of a river, or the creation of a new species. You would not say 'मेरी उत्पत्ति' (my origin) to mean 'my birth'; it would sound strange and overly scientific. Instead, you would use it in academic or formal contexts.

In religious and mythological contexts, you will frequently encounter the word 'अवतार' (Avtaar). This translates to 'incarnation' or 'descent'. In Hinduism, gods do not merely take 'जन्म'; they take 'अवतार'. For example, Lord Krishna is considered an 'अवतार' of Lord Vishnu. While 'जन्म' implies a biological beginning, 'अवतार' implies a divine being taking a physical form for a specific purpose on Earth.

भगवान विष्णु ने राम का अवतार लिया। (Lord Vishnu took the incarnation of Ram.)

सृष्टि (Srishti): Means 'creation' or 'the universe'. Used when talking about the birth of everything that exists.

If you are looking for an Urdu alternative that is often used in poetry and literature, 'पैदाइश' (Paidaish) is a beautiful word. It means 'birth' or 'extraction'. You might hear someone say, 'वह लखनऊ की पैदाइश है' (He is of Lucknow extraction / He was born in Lucknow). It carries a slightly more sophisticated or poetic tone compared to the blunt 'पैदा हुआ'.

मेरी पैदाइश इसी शहर की है। (My birth/upbringing belongs to this very city.)

When discussing the beginning of an event, an era, or a story, the word 'शुरुआत' (Shuruaat), meaning 'beginning', is often a better fit than 'जन्म'. While you can poetically say 'a new era was born' (एक नए युग का जन्म हुआ), it is more common to say 'a new era began' (एक नए युग की शुरुआत हुई). 'शुरुआत' is versatile and can be applied to almost any non-living process or event.

To summarize, while 'जन्म' is the standard, formal word for biological birth, 'पैदा' is your go-to for casual speech. 'उत्पत्ति' is for science and origins, 'अवतार' is for the divine, and 'शुरुआत' is for the beginning of events. Knowing these distinctions allows you to express yourself with precision and cultural accuracy in Hindi.

ब्रह्मांड की उत्पत्ति एक रहस्य है। (The origin of the universe is a mystery.)

शुरुआत (Shuruaat): The general word for 'beginning' or 'start' of an action, event, or time period.

कहानी की शुरुआत बहुत दिलचस्प है। (The beginning of the story is very interesting.)

How Formal Is It?

رسمي

"कृपया आवेदन पत्र में अपनी जन्म तिथि अंकित करें।"

محايد

"मेरा जन्म 1995 में हुआ था।"

غير رسمي

"मैं 1995 में पैदा हुआ था।"

Child friendly

"आज मेरे टेडी बियर का जन्मदिन है!"

عامية

"अरे भाई, ये तो जन्म का पागल है!"

حقيقة ممتعة

Because 'जन्म' shares the same ancient Proto-Indo-European root (*ǵenh₁-) as the English words 'generate', 'gene', and 'kin', when you say 'Janm', you are speaking a distant cousin of those English words! Also, the word 'Janam' (with the extra vowel) is a 'Tadbhav' (modified) form that became popular in Prakrit and later in Bollywood songs for its musical rhythm.

دليل النطق

UK /dʒʌnm/

US /dʒʌnm/

The stress is on the first syllable: JAN-m.

يتقافى مع

कर्म (Karm - deed/action) धर्म (Dharm - religion/duty) मर्म (Marm - core/secret) शर्म (Sharm - shame) गर्म (Garm - hot) नर्म (Narm - soft) चर्म (Charm - skin/leather) भर्म (Bharm - illusion)

أخطاء شائعة

Pronouncing it as 'Janam' (ja-nam) with a full 'a' between n and m. While used in songs, it is incorrect in standard speech.
Pronouncing the 'a' like the 'a' in 'apple'. It should be an 'uh' sound.
Saying 'Janma' with an 'a' at the end. The final 'm' is clipped.
Treating the 'j' like a French 'j' (zh). It is a hard English 'j' as in 'jump'.
Failing to blend the 'n' and 'm' quickly together.

مستوى الصعوبة

القراءة 3/5

The conjunct consonant 'न्म' (half n + m) can be slightly tricky for absolute beginners to read in the Devanagari script (जन्म).

الكتابة 4/5

Writing the half 'n' attached to the 'm' requires knowing how to form conjuncts in Devanagari.

التحدث 3/5

Pronouncing the 'nm' blend without inserting a vowel in between takes a little practice.

الاستماع 2/5

It is a very distinct and frequently used word, easy to recognize in conversation.

ماذا تتعلّم بعد ذلك

المتطلبات الأساسية

दिन (day) स्थान (place) होना (to be/happen) देना (to give) लेना (to take)

تعلّم لاحقاً

मृत्यु (death) जीवन (life) पैदा (born) बचपन (childhood) उम्र (age)

متقدم

उत्पत्ति (origin) पुनर्जन्म (reincarnation) अवतार (incarnation) सृष्टि (creation) उद्भव (emergence)

قواعد يجب معرفتها

Compound Verbs with Nouns

जन्म (Noun) + होना (Verb) = जन्म होना (To be born). This is how Hindi turns nouns into actions.

Ergative Case (ने) in Past Tense

माँ ने बच्चे को जन्म दिया। Because 'देना' is transitive, the subject 'माँ' must take 'ने' in the perfective past tense.

Gender Agreement with Possessive Pronouns

मेरा जन्म (My birth). Even if a woman is speaking, she must use 'मेरा' (masculine) because 'जन्म' is a masculine noun.

Postpositions for Time and Place

जन्म 1990 में हुआ (Born in 1990). Use 'में' (in) for years and places.

Adjectival Suffixes

जन्म + जात = जन्मजात (Innate). Sanskrit suffixes are often added to 'जन्म' to create formal adjectives.

أمثلة حسب المستوى

आज मेरा जन्मदिन है।

Today is my birthday.

'जन्मदिन' is a compound word meaning birthday. It is masculine.

जन्मदिन मुबारक हो!

Happy Birthday!

'मुबारक हो' is an Urdu phrase commonly used to give greetings or congratulations.

तुम्हारा जन्मदिन कब है?

When is your birthday?

'तुम्हारा' (your) agrees with the masculine noun 'जन्मदिन'.

यह मेरे जन्मदिन का केक है।

This is my birthday cake.

Using 'का' to show possession: cake of the birthday.

कल राम का जन्मदिन था।

Yesterday was Ram's birthday.

Past tense 'था' (was) agreeing with the masculine noun 'जन्मदिन'.

मुझे जन्मदिन पर उपहार मिला।

I got a gift on my birthday.

'पर' means 'on' or 'at'.

हम जन्मदिन मना रहे हैं।

We are celebrating a birthday.

'मना रहे हैं' means 'are celebrating' (present continuous).

जन्मदिन की पार्टी अच्छी थी।

The birthday party was good.

'पार्टी' is feminine, so we use 'अच्छी थी'.

मेरा जन्म भारत में हुआ था।

I was born in India.

Passive construction: My birth happened in India.

आपका जन्म कहाँ हुआ था?

Where were you born?

'आपका' (your, formal) agrees with masculine 'जन्म'.

मेरी जन्म तिथि 5 मई है।

My date of birth is May 5th.

'तिथि' (date) is feminine, so we use 'मेरी'.

उसका जन्म एक गाँव में हुआ।

He/She was born in a village.

'उसका' means his or her, agreeing with 'जन्म'.

क्या आपके पास जन्म प्रमाण पत्र है?

Do you have a birth certificate?

'प्रमाण पत्र' means certificate.

मेरा जन्म 1990 में हुआ था।

I was born in 1990.

Using numbers for years with 'में' (in).

वह जन्म से ही यहाँ रहता है।

He has lived here since birth.

'जन्म से' means 'since birth'.

यह मेरा जन्म स्थान है।

This is my birthplace.

'स्थान' means place.

महात्मा गांधी ने पोरबंदर में जन्म लिया।

Mahatma Gandhi took birth (was born) in Porbandar.

Active construction 'जन्म लिया' used for respected figures.

माँ ने एक स्वस्थ बच्चे को जन्म दिया।

The mother gave birth to a healthy child.

'जन्म देना' (to give birth) requires 'ने' with the subject in past tense.

शिवाजी का जन्म किस किले में हुआ था?

In which fort was Shivaji born?

Question formulation using 'किस' (which).

वह अपनी जन्मभूमि को बहुत प्यार करता है।

He loves his motherland very much.

'जन्मभूमि' (motherland) is a feminine compound noun.

इस नई तकनीक का जन्म जापान में हुआ।

This new technology was born in Japan.

Metaphorical use of 'जन्म' for non-living things.

कुत्ते ने चार पिल्लों को जन्म दिया।

The dog gave birth to four puppies.

Using 'को' for the object receiving the action of birth.

पंडित जी ने बच्चे की जन्म कुंडली बनाई।

The priest made the child's birth chart.

'कुंडली' (chart) is feminine.

हर इंसान का जन्म एक उद्देश्य के लिए होता है।

Every human is born for a purpose.

'के लिए' means 'for'.

हिंदू धर्म में पुनर्जन्म की मान्यता है।

There is a belief in reincarnation in Hinduism.

'पुनर्जन्म' means rebirth or reincarnation.

स्वतंत्रता हमारा जन्मसिद्ध अधिकार है।

Freedom is our birthright.

'जन्मसिद्ध' means proven/granted by birth (birthright).

वह जन्मजात प्रतिभा का धनी है।

He is rich in innate talent.

'जन्मजात' means innate or congenital.

इस समस्या का जन्म भ्रष्टाचार से हुआ है।

This problem was born out of corruption.

Using 'से' (from) to show the origin of an abstract concept.

उसने अपना पूरा जीवन जन्मभूमि की सेवा में लगा दिया।

He devoted his entire life to the service of his motherland.

Complex sentence structure showing dedication.

भारत में जन्म दर धीरे-धीरे कम हो रही है।

The birth rate in India is slowly decreasing.

'जन्म दर' (birth rate) is a formal demographic term.

यह बीमारी उसे जन्म से ही है।

He has had this disease since birth.

Emphasizing a lifelong condition using 'ही'.

कवि ने अपने शब्दों से एक नई भावना को जन्म दिया।

The poet gave birth to a new emotion with his words.

Metaphorical use of 'जन्म देना' (to give birth).

साहित्य में इस युग का जन्म एक क्रांति के बाद हुआ।

In literature, the birth of this era happened after a revolution.

Academic discussion of literary periods.

बुद्ध ने जन्म-मरण के चक्र से मुक्ति का मार्ग दिखाया।

Buddha showed the path to liberation from the cycle of birth and death.

'जन्म-मरण' is a hyphenated pair meaning birth and death.

यह अधिकार हमें संविधान द्वारा जन्मना प्राप्त है।

This right is acquired by us by birth through the constitution.

'जन्मना' is a highly formal Sanskrit adverb meaning 'by birth'.

उसका जन्मांध होना उसकी सफलता में बाधा नहीं बना।

His being blind from birth did not become an obstacle to his success.

'जन्मांध' (Janmandh) means blind from birth (जन्म + अंधा).

आधुनिक विज्ञान ने कई नए नैतिक सवालों को जन्म दिया है।

Modern science has given birth to many new ethical questions.

Abstract use of 'जन्म देना' in an academic context.

शहीदों की जन्मभूमि हमेशा पूजनीय होती है।

The motherland of martyrs is always venerable.

'पूजनीय' means worthy of worship or highly respectable.

जनसांख्यिकीय लाभांश उच्च जन्म दर का परिणाम हो सकता है।

Demographic dividend can be a result of a high birth rate.

Advanced vocabulary: 'जनसांख्यिकीय' (demographic).

लेखक ने अपने उपन्यास में एक काल्पनिक दुनिया को जन्म दिया।

The author gave birth to a fictional world in his novel.

Creative and literary use of the verb.

उपनिषदों में जीव के जन्म और ब्रह्मांड की उत्पत्ति का गहन विवेचन है।

The Upanishads contain a profound discussion on the birth of the soul and the origin of the universe.

Highly formal Sanskritized Hindi used in philosophy.

इस विचारधारा का जन्म तत्कालीन सामाजिक विसंगतियों के गर्भ से हुआ था।

This ideology was born from the womb of the contemporary social anomalies.

Poetic and metaphorical phrasing ('गर्भ से' - from the womb).

पुनर्जन्म की अवधारणा कर्म फल के सिद्धांत पर आधारित है।

The concept of reincarnation is based on the principle of the fruits of karma.

Theological terminology: 'अवधारणा' (concept), 'सिद्धांत' (principle).

कवि के अनुसार, सच्चा प्रेम कई जन्मों का बंधन होता है।

According to the poet, true love is a bond of many lifetimes.

Romantic and poetic use of 'जन्मों' (plural - lifetimes).

नवजागरण ने भारतीय समाज में एक नई चेतना को जन्म दिया।

The Renaissance gave birth to a new consciousness in Indian society.

Historical and sociological analysis.

यह कलाकृति कलाकार की आंतरिक पीड़ा से जन्मी है।

This artwork is born from the internal agony of the artist.

Using 'जन्मी' as a feminine adjective agreeing with 'कलाकृति' (artwork).

भाषा का जन्म मानव की अभिव्यक्ति की अदम्य लालसा का परिणाम है।

The birth of language is the result of human's indomitable desire for expression.

Linguistic and anthropological discourse.

संसार के सभी प्राणी जन्म-जन्मांतर के बंधनों में जकड़े हुए हैं।

All beings of the world are bound in the ties of life after life.

'जन्म-जन्मांतर' means from one birth to another (life after life).

تلازمات شائعة

जन्म लेना

जन्म देना

जन्म प्रमाण पत्र

जन्म तिथि

जन्म स्थान

जन्म कुंडली

जन्म दर

जन्म से

पुनर्जन्म

जन्मसिद्ध अधिकार

العبارات الشائعة

जन्मदिन मुबारक हो

जन्म-मरण का चक्र

जन्म-जन्म का साथ

नया जन्म मिलना

जन्म भर

जन्म घुट्टी

जन्मना

जन्म बिगाड़ना

जन्म सफल होना

जन्म-जन्मांतर

يُخلط عادةً مع

जन्म vs पैदा (Paida)

Learners confuse the grammar. 'पैदा' is an adjective (मैं पैदा हुआ - I was born). 'जन्म' is a noun (मेरा जन्म हुआ - My birth happened).

जन्म vs जनम (Janam)

This is just a poetic spelling/pronunciation of 'जन्म'. Do not use 'जनम' in formal writing or speaking.

जन्म vs उत्पत्ति (Utpatti)

Both mean origin/birth, but 'उत्पत्ति' is used for non-living things (origin of the universe), while 'जन्म' is for living beings.

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

"जन्म का साथी"

A lifelong companion. Usually refers to a spouse or a very close friend.

वह मेरी जन्म की साथी है।

Poetic/Romantic

"जन्म-जन्म का बैर"

Enmity lasting for lifetimes. Deep-rooted, generational hatred.

उन दोनों परिवारों में जन्म-जन्म का बैर है।

Dramatic/Literary

"जन्म लेना सार्थक होना"

For one's birth to be meaningful. To achieve something great that justifies one's existence.

देश के लिए जान देकर उसका जन्म लेना सार्थक हो गया।

Formal/Patriotic

"जन्म की रोटी"

Lifelong sustenance or a permanent source of income.

यह सरकारी नौकरी तुम्हारी जन्म की रोटी है।

Colloquial

"जन्म भर का रोना"

A lifelong sorrow or regret. A mistake that causes pain forever.

यह शादी नहीं, जन्म भर का रोना है।

Informal/Dramatic

"जन्म-पत्री मिलाना"

To match horoscopes. Metaphorically means to check compatibility before a partnership.

शादी से पहले जन्म-पत्री मिलाना ज़रूरी है।

Cultural

"जन्म देना (metaphorical)"

To be the root cause of a problem or a new idea.

गरीबी ने अपराध को जन्म दिया।

Formal/Journalistic

"जन्म-भूमि स्वर्ग से महान"

Motherland is greater than heaven. A famous proverb expressing patriotism.

हमारे लिए हमारी जन्म-भूमि स्वर्ग से महान है।

Literary

"जन्म के अंधे"

Blind from birth. Metaphorically means someone who is completely ignorant or foolish.

तुम तो बिल्कुल जन्म के अंधे हो, सच्चाई नहीं देखते।

Derogatory/Informal

"नया जन्म"

A new beginning after a major disaster or failure.

कैंसर से ठीक होना उसके लिए नया जन्म है।

Emotional/Everyday

سهل الخلط

जन्म vs पैदा

Both translate to 'born' in English.

'पैदा' is an adjective, 'जन्म' is a noun. You say 'मैं पैदा हुआ' (I was born) but 'मेरा जन्म हुआ' (My birth happened).

वह कल पैदा हुआ। (He was born yesterday.) vs. उसका जन्म कल हुआ। (His birth happened yesterday.)

जन्म vs मृत्यु

Sometimes confused by absolute beginners mixing up life cycle terms.

'मृत्यु' is the exact opposite; it means death.

जन्म और मृत्यु जीवन के हिस्से हैं। (Birth and death are parts of life.)

जन्म vs शुरुआत

Both mean the beginning of something.

'शुरुआत' is used for events, actions, or stories. 'जन्म' is used for biological birth or the metaphorical birth of an era.

फिल्म की शुरुआत (Beginning of the film) NOT फिल्म का जन्म.

जन्म vs अवतार

Both refer to coming into the world.

'अवतार' is strictly for divine beings (gods) incarnating on earth. 'जन्म' is for ordinary humans and animals.

कृष्ण का अवतार (Incarnation of Krishna) vs. मेरा जन्म (My birth).

जन्म vs जीवन

Both relate to life.

'जन्म' is the specific event of birth. 'जीवन' is the entire span of life.

जन्म एक दिन होता है, जीवन सालों चलता है। (Birth happens one day, life goes on for years.)

أنماط الجُمل

आज [Pronoun/Noun] का जन्मदिन है।

आज मेरा जन्मदिन है। (Today is my birthday.)

[Pronoun] जन्म [Place/Year] में हुआ था।

मेरा जन्म दिल्ली में हुआ था। (I was born in Delhi.)

[Subject] ने [Place] में जन्म लिया।

गांधी जी ने पोरबंदर में जन्म लिया। (Gandhi ji took birth in Porbandar.)

[Subject] ने [Object] को जन्म दिया।

माँ ने एक बेटी को जन्म दिया। (The mother gave birth to a daughter.)

वह जन्म से ही [Adjective] है।

वह जन्म से ही अंधा है। (He is blind since birth.)

[Noun] का जन्म [Cause] से हुआ।

इस समस्या का जन्म अज्ञानता से हुआ। (This problem was born from ignorance.)

[Noun] हमारा जन्मसिद्ध अधिकार है।

शिक्षा हमारा जन्मसिद्ध अधिकार है। (Education is our birthright.)

[Noun] ने एक नए [Noun] को जन्म दिया।

इस क्रांति ने एक नए युग को जन्म दिया। (This revolution gave birth to a new era.)

عائلة الكلمة

الأسماء

الأفعال

الصفات

مرتبط

كيفية الاستخدام

frequency

Extremely High. It is one of the core vocabulary words in Hindi.

أخطاء شائعة

मैं दिल्ली में जन्म। → मेरा जन्म दिल्ली में हुआ था।
'जन्म' is a noun, not a verb. You cannot use it directly as an action. You must say 'My birth happened' (मेरा जन्म हुआ).
मेरी जन्म भारत में हुई। → मेरा जन्म भारत में हुआ।
'जन्म' is a masculine noun. Therefore, the possessive pronoun must be 'मेरा' and the verb must be 'हुआ', regardless of the speaker's gender.
वह जन्म में अंधा है। → वह जन्म से अंधा है।
To express a condition that has existed since birth, use the postposition 'से' (from/since), not 'में' (in).
माँ एक बच्चे को जन्म दिया। → माँ ने एक बच्चे को जन्म दिया।
'जन्म देना' (to give birth) is a transitive verb. In the past perfective tense, the subject must take the 'ने' marker.
फिल्म का जन्म अच्छा था। → फिल्म की शुरुआत अच्छी थी।
'जन्म' is used for living beings or the origin of abstract concepts. For the start of an event or media, use 'शुरुआत' (beginning).

نصائح

Always Masculine

Treat 'जन्म' as a masculine singular noun. It will always be 'मेरा जन्म', 'उसका जन्म', or 'आपका जन्म'.

Birthday Greeting

Memorize 'जन्मदिन मुबारक हो' for 'Happy Birthday'. It is the most universally accepted greeting across all Hindi speakers.

Blend the N and M

Practice saying 'Janm' as one syllable. Do not let an 'a' sound slip between the 'n' and 'm'.

The 'Ne' Rule

When saying 'gave birth' in the past tense, never forget the 'ने'. 'कुत्ते ने जन्म दिया' (The dog gave birth).

Formal vs Informal

Use 'जन्म' on forms and in formal speech. Use 'पैदा' when chatting with friends on the street.

Motherland Pride

Using the word 'जन्मभूमि' instead of just 'देश' (country) shows deep respect and cultural fluency.

Since Birth

To say 'since birth', use 'जन्म से'. Do not translate 'in birth' literally; 'जन्म में' is incorrect for this context.

Official Terms

Learn 'जन्म तिथि' (Date of Birth) and 'जन्म प्रमाण पत्र' (Birth Certificate) if you plan to live or work in India.

Devanagari Conjunct

When writing, make sure to use the half 'na' (न्) attached to the 'ma' (म) -> जन्म.

Birth of Ideas

You can use 'जन्म देना' metaphorically. E.g., 'His speech gave birth to a new idea' (उसके भाषण ने एक नए विचार को जन्म दिया).

احفظها

وسيلة تذكّر

Imagine a baby named JAN taking his first breath in the Morning (M). JAN-M = Birth.

ربط بصري

Visualize a birth certificate with the letters J-A-N-M stamped on it in big, bold letters. Alternatively, picture the month of JANuary, which is the 'birth' of the new year, and add an 'M' for Morning.

Word Web

जन्म (Birth) -> जन्मदिन (Birthday) -> जन्मभूमि (Motherland) -> जन्मस्थान (Birthplace) -> पुनर्जन्म (Rebirth) -> जन्म कुंडली (Birth chart) -> जन्म देना (To give birth) -> जन्म लेना (To take birth)

تحدٍّ

Write down your date of birth, your birthplace, and your motherland in Hindi using the words: जन्म तिथि, जन्म स्थान, and जन्मभूमि.

أصل الكلمة

The word 'जन्म' (Janm) originates from the ancient Sanskrit root 'जन्' (jan), which means 'to be born', 'to produce', or 'to generate'. This root is incredibly ancient and is part of the Proto-Indo-European language family. It is cognate with the Latin root 'gen-' (as in generate, genesis, genetics) and the Greek 'gon-' (as in cosmogony). Over millennia, the word passed from Vedic Sanskrit into Classical Sanskrit, and then directly into modern Hindi as a 'Tatsama' word (a word borrowed directly from Sanskrit without change in spelling).

المعنى الأصلي: The act of coming into existence; production; origin.

Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Indo-Aryan > Sanskrit > Hindi

السياق الثقافي

When discussing 'जन्म' in the context of caste (जाति), be aware that historically, caste was determined 'जन्म से' (by birth). This is a highly sensitive and politically charged topic in modern India. Using 'जन्म' to justify social hierarchy is considered regressive and offensive.

In English, 'birth' is a straightforward noun, and 'born' is used as a verb/adjective. In Hindi, 'जन्म' carries much heavier spiritual and astrological connotations and strictly requires auxiliary verbs to function as an action.

Bal Gangadhar Tilak's slogan: 'स्वराज मेरा जन्मसिद्ध अधिकार है' (Swaraj is my birthright). The famous Sanskrit shloka: 'जननी जन्मभूमिश्च स्वर्गादपि गरीयसी' (Mother and motherland are superior to heaven). Bollywood movie title: 'पुनर्जन्म' (Reincarnation) themes are a staple in Indian cinema, such as in the classic film 'Karz' or 'Om Shanti Om'.

تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية

سياقات واقعية

Celebrating Birthdays

जन्मदिन मुबारक हो (Happy Birthday)
जन्मदिन की पार्टी (Birthday party)
जन्मदिन का केक (Birthday cake)
तुम्हारा जन्मदिन कब है? (When is your birthday?)

Filling Official Forms

जन्म तिथि (Date of birth)
जन्म स्थान (Place of birth)
जन्म प्रमाण पत्र (Birth certificate)
जन्म का वर्ष (Year of birth)

Talking About Origins

मेरा जन्म... में हुआ था (I was born in...)
जन्म से (Since birth)
जन्मभूमि (Motherland)
जन्मजात (Innate)

Astrology and Religion

जन्म कुंडली (Birth chart)
पुनर्जन्म (Rebirth)
जन्म-मरण (Birth and death)
जन्मपत्री (Horoscope)

Historical Events

जन्म लेना (To take birth)
जन्म शताब्दी (Birth centenary)
युग का जन्म (Birth of an era)
जन्म देना (To give birth to an idea/movement)

بدايات محادثة

"आपका जन्म कहाँ हुआ था? क्या आप हमेशा से इसी शहर में रहते हैं? (Where were you born? Have you always lived in this city?)"

"आपके परिवार में जन्मदिन कैसे मनाते हैं? (How do you celebrate birthdays in your family?)"

"क्या आप पुनर्जन्म में विश्वास करते हैं? (Do you believe in reincarnation?)"

"आपकी जन्मभूमि की सबसे अच्छी बात क्या है? (What is the best thing about your motherland?)"

"क्या आपको लगता है कि प्रतिभा जन्मजात होती है या सीखी जाती है? (Do you think talent is innate/from birth or learned?)"

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

अपने जन्म स्थान के बारे में पाँच वाक्य लिखें। (Write five sentences about your birthplace.)

अपना सबसे यादगार जन्मदिन याद करें और उसके बारे में लिखें। (Recall your most memorable birthday and write about it.)

कल्पना करें कि आपका पुनर्जन्म हुआ है। आप क्या बनना चाहेंगे? (Imagine you are reincarnated. What would you like to become?)

क्या 'जन्मसिद्ध अधिकार' जैसी कोई चीज़ होती है? अपने विचार लिखें। (Is there such a thing as a 'birthright'? Write your thoughts.)

एक माँ के लिए बच्चे को जन्म देना कैसा अनुभव होता होगा? (What must the experience of giving birth be like for a mother?)

الأسئلة الشائعة

10 أسئلة

No, 'जन्म' is strictly a noun. You cannot say 'मैं जन्मता हूँ' in modern standard Hindi. You must use a compound verb like 'जन्म लेना' (to take birth) or 'जन्म होना' (to happen to be born). For example, 'मेरा जन्म हुआ' (I was born).

'जन्म' is a noun (birth), while 'पैदा' is an adjective (born). Grammatically, you say 'मेरा जन्म हुआ' (My birth happened) but 'मैं पैदा हुआ' (I was born). 'पैदा' is more casual and common in spoken Hindi, while 'जन्म' is standard and formal.

In Hindi, the possessive pronoun (मेरा/मेरी) must agree with the gender of the object possessed, not the speaker. Because 'जन्म' is a masculine noun, it always takes 'मेरा', regardless of whether a man or a woman is speaking.

The most common and natural way is 'जन्मदिन मुबारक हो' (Janmdin mubarak ho). You can also say 'जन्मदिन की शुभकामनाएँ' (Janmdin ki shubhkamnayein), which is slightly more formal and uses pure Hindi/Sanskrit vocabulary.

'जन्मभूमि' (Janmbhoomi) translates to 'motherland' or the land of one's birth. It is a highly emotional and patriotic word in Hindi, composed of 'जन्म' (birth) and 'भूमि' (land).

Yes. 'जन्म देना' means 'to give birth'. Because 'देना' (to give) is a transitive verb, the subject must take the 'ने' postposition in the perfective past tense. For example: 'माँ ने बच्चे को जन्म दिया' (The mother gave birth to the child).

No, 'जनम' is a phonetic variation (Tadbhav) of 'जन्म'. It is frequently used in poetry, songs, and regional dialects because it fits musical meters better. However, in standard written and spoken Hindi, 'जन्म' is the correct form.

You should ask, 'आपकी जन्म तिथि क्या है?' (Aapki janm tithi kya hai?). 'जन्म तिथि' is the formal term for 'Date of Birth' used on all official documents.

Yes, but metaphorically. You can talk about the 'जन्म' of an idea, a movement, or an era. For example, 'इस विचार का जन्म भारत में हुआ' (This idea was born in India). However, for physical objects or events, 'शुरुआत' (beginning) or 'उत्पत्ति' (origin) is better.

A 'जन्म कुंडली' (Janm Kundali) is an astrological birth chart. In Indian culture, it is created based on the exact time and place of a person's birth to predict their future and is often consulted before marriage.