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B1 noun #2,500 الأكثر شيوعاً 6 دقيقة للقراءة

出勤

At the A1 level, you can think of 出勤 (shukkin) as a fancy way to say 'go to work'. While you usually learn 'shigoto ni iku' first, you might see 出勤 on a calendar or a sign. It's helpful to know that 'shukkin' means you are at the office. For example, if you see a list of names and yours has 出勤 next to it, it means you are scheduled to work that day. Just remember: 出勤 = Work Start. It's a noun, so you say 'shukkin suru' to make it an action. Don't worry about the difficult kanji yet; just recognize the first character '出' which means 'to go out'. You might hear your teacher say 'shukkin' when talking about their job. It's a very 'adult' word, but very common in Japan.
At the A2 level, you should start using 出勤 (shukkin) in basic business conversations. Instead of just saying 'I go to work at 8', you can say '8-ji ni shukkin shimasu'. This sounds more professional. You will also see this word in 'shukkin-bo' (attendance books) if you have a part-time job (arubaito). A2 learners should also learn the opposite word: 退勤 (taikin), which means leaving work. You might also hear 'shukkin-bi', which means 'work day'. If someone asks 'Ashita wa shukkin-bi desu ka?', they are asking if you are scheduled to work tomorrow. It's a very useful word for managing your schedule and talking to colleagues.
At the B1 level, you should understand the nuance between 出勤 (shukkin) and other related words like 'tsuukin' (commuting) and 'kinmu' (duty). 出勤 specifically refers to the act of reporting for duty. You'll encounter it in more complex phrases like 'kyujitsu shukkin' (working on a holiday) or 'shukkin jikan' (clock-in time). You should be able to use it to explain your work habits or ask about company policies. For example, 'Kono kaisha wa shukkin jikan ga jiyuu desu ka?' (Is the clock-in time flexible at this company?). You'll also notice it in news reports about 'shukkin-sha' (people going to work) during events like typhoons or strikes. It's a key word for intermediate business Japanese.
At the B2 level, you are expected to use 出勤 (shukkin) fluently in professional settings. You should understand its use in administrative contexts, such as 'shukkin-teishi' (suspension from work) or 'shukkin-ritsu' (attendance rate). You'll also encounter more formal synonyms like 'tousha' (arriving at the company) and understand when to use 出勤 versus 'kinmu'. For instance, you might discuss the 'shukkin-taisei' (attendance system) of a company. You should also be comfortable with the passive or causative forms, like 'shukkin saseru' (to make someone come to work). At this level, you understand that 出勤 is not just about physical presence but about the legal and contractual start of the workday.
At the C1 level, you should be aware of the socio-economic implications of 出勤 (shukkin). This includes discussions on 'shukkin yokusei' (restraint of attendance) during public health crises or the 'shukkin-shugyou' (attendance and work) regulations in labor law. You can analyze the nuances between 出勤 and 'shugyou' (commencement of work) in legal contracts. You should also be familiar with idiomatic or highly formal uses, such as 'shukkin-fuda' (attendance tags) in traditional workplaces. Your ability to use 出勤 should extend to writing formal reports, analyzing labor statistics, and debating work-life balance (waaku-raifu-baransu) in a Japanese context, where 'shukkin' is often seen as a sign of loyalty.
At the C2 level, you possess a native-like grasp of 出勤 (shukkin) and its role in the Japanese corporate psyche. You can discuss the historical evolution of the 'shukkin' culture, from the Meiji-era industrialization to the modern 'Giga-work' era. You understand the deep-seated cultural expectations surrounding 'shukkin', such as the 'service overtime' that often follows the official 'taikin'. You can navigate complex legal disputes regarding 'shukkin-jikan' versus 'kinmu-jikan' and 'mashi-shukkin' (extra attendance). Your usage is precise, capturing the subtle differences between 'shukkin', 'tousha', 'tocho', and 'shugyou' across various industries (government, private sector, traditional crafts). You can articulate the psychological impact of 'shukkin' on the Japanese workforce with nuance and sophistication.
تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح

出勤 في 30 ثانية

  • Shukkin means reporting to work or clocking in at an office.
  • It is a formal business term, used with 'suru' as a verb.
  • The opposite of shukkin is taikin (leaving work).
  • It appears in common phrases like 'shukkin-bo' (attendance book).

The term 出勤 (しゅっきん - Shukkin) is a cornerstone of Japanese business vocabulary, representing the formal act of reporting to one's place of work. While a beginner might simply say 'work' (仕事 - shigoto), 出勤 specifically denotes the transition from personal time to professional duty. It is a compound noun formed by two kanji: 出 (to go out/exit) and 勤 (diligence/work/service). Together, they literally mean 'going out to perform service.'

Core Definition
The act of arriving at the office or workplace to begin the day's tasks.
Grammatical Category
Noun, often used with the auxiliary verb 'suru' (出勤する) to function as a verb.
Social Nuance
Implies a formal start to the workday, often associated with 'clocking in' or signing an attendance sheet.

「明日は何時に出勤しますか？」 (What time will you report to work tomorrow?)

— A standard inquiry in a Japanese office setting.

In the context of Japanese corporate culture, 出勤 is more than just physical presence; it is a declaration of readiness. Historically, this involved stamping a hanko (seal) on a shukkin-bo (attendance book). Even in the digital age, the term remains the standard for 'logging in' to work systems. It contrasts with 退勤 (taikin), which means leaving work at the end of the day.

リモートワークでも、システムにログインすることを「出勤」と呼ぶことがあります。

— Even in remote work, logging into the system is often called 'shukkin'.

Furthermore, the term extends into various administrative phrases. For instance, shukkin-bi refers to scheduled workdays, while shukkin-teishi refers to a suspension from work. Understanding this word is essential for anyone navigating the Japanese professional landscape, as it appears on pay stubs, contracts, and daily schedules.

出勤日数 (Number of days worked)
Kanji Breakdown: 出
To go out, to emerge. Used in 'deguchi' (exit).
Kanji Breakdown: 勤
To work, to serve, diligence. Used in 'tsutomeru' (to work for).
「彼は体調不良で今日は出勤を控えた。」 (He refrained from coming to work today due to poor health.)

Using 出勤 (しゅっきん) correctly requires understanding its role as a 'Suru-verb' and its common collocations. It is predominantly used in formal or semi-formal business environments. While you might tell a friend 'shigoto ni iku' (I'm going to work), you would tell your boss or HR 'shukkin shimasu'.

1. The Verb Form: 出勤する

To use it as a verb, simply add 'suru'. This is used to describe the action of going to the office or the state of being at work.

「明日は8時に出勤してください。」 (Please report to work at 8:00 tomorrow.)

2. Common Compound Nouns

Japanese often combines 出勤 with other nouns to create specific business terms:

  • 出勤時間 (Shukkin Jikan): Clock-in time / Starting time.
  • 出勤簿 (Shukkin-bo): Attendance record / Time sheet.
  • 出勤率 (Shukkin-ritsu): Attendance rate.
  • 休日出勤 (Kyujitsu Shukkin): Working on a holiday/weekend.

「今月は休日出勤が3日もありました。」 (I had to work on holidays three times this month.)

3. Register and Context

In a professional email or during a morning meeting, 出勤 is the preferred term. It sounds disciplined and clear. If you are working from home, you might specify zaitaku-shukkin (remote work attendance), though telework is also common. However, even if you are working remotely, the act of 'starting your shift' is still conceptually 出勤.

4. Sentence Patterns

[Time] に出勤する
To report to work at [Time].
[Place] へ出勤する
To go to work at [Place].
[Person] は出勤しています
[Person] is currently at work / has clocked in.

「佐藤さんはただいま出勤しております。」 (Mr. Sato is currently at work/has reported for duty.)

You will encounter 出勤 (しゅっきん) in almost every professional interaction in Japan. It is a staple of the 'Salaryman' vocabulary and is heard daily in various public and private spheres.

1. On Public Transportation

If you travel during peak hours in Tokyo or Osaka, you are part of the 出勤ラッシュ (Shukkin Rasshu) or 'morning rush hour'. Train station announcements might mention delays affecting 出勤 times.

「出勤時間帯の混雑により、電車が遅れております。」 (Due to congestion during the morning commute hours, the train is delayed.)

2. In the Office

Managers use it to track attendance. You'll hear it during 'Asakai' (morning meetings) or when discussing shifts. HR departments will use it when discussing your 'shukkin-jisseki' (attendance record).

Morning Greeting
'Ohayou gozaimasu' is the greeting, but the action is 出勤.
Scheduling
'Kono hi wa shukkin dekimasu ka?' (Can you work on this day?)

3. In News and Media

News reports often use 出勤 when discussing labor trends, such as the percentage of people returning to the office versus working from home. Phrases like shukkin-sha suu (number of people reporting to work) were very common during the pandemic.

「政府は出勤者の7割削減を要請しました。」 (The government requested a 70% reduction in the number of people reporting to the office.)

4. At the Reception Desk

When visiting another company, if the person you are looking for isn't there, the receptionist might say:

「あいにく、本日は出勤しておりません。」 (Unfortunately, [they] have not reported to work today.)

While 出勤 (しゅっきん) is a straightforward term, learners often trip up on its specific nuances and formal boundaries. Here are the most common pitfalls to avoid.

1. Confusing with 'Going to Work' (仕事に行く)

In English, 'I'm going to work' covers everything from leaving the house to being at the desk. In Japanese, 出勤 is more about the arrival and the official start. If you are just leaving your house, 'shigoto ni iku' is more natural. Use 出勤 when discussing the schedule or the act of clocking in.

2. Using it for School or Hobbies

出勤 is strictly for employment. You cannot 'shukkin' to a university, a gym, or a volunteer event (unless it's a formal job). For school, use 登校 (tōkō). For general 'going out', use 外出 (gaishutsu).

3. Confusing with 'Kinmu' (勤務)

出勤 is the act of going to work. 勤務 (kinmu) is the state of working or the service itself. You 'shukkin' at 9:00 AM, but your 'kinmu' lasts for 8 hours.

Correct: 9時に出勤する。 (Clock in at 9.)
Correct: 8時間勤務する。 (Work for 8 hours.)

4. Forgetting the 'Suru'

Because 出勤 is a noun, you must use 'suru' to make it a verb. However, in compound nouns (like shukkin-bi), you don't need it. Beginners often say 'shukkin ni' when they mean 'shukkin suru tame ni' (in order to report to work).

5. Misusing 'Taikin' (退勤)

The opposite of 出勤 is 退勤 (taikin). Some learners try to use 'shukkouta' or other invented words. Remember the pair: 出勤 (In) / 退勤 (Out).

「出勤と退勤の時間を記録してください。」 (Please record your clock-in and clock-out times.)

Japanese has many words for 'work' and 'attendance'. Choosing the right one depends on whether you are talking about the commute, the act of starting, or the job itself.

通勤 (Tsuukin)
Focuses on the commute. The journey from home to work. 'Tsuukin densha' is the commuter train.
勤務 (Kinmu)
Focuses on the duty or service. Often used in formal contexts like 'kinmu saki' (place of employment).
登社 (Tousha)
Specifically means 'arriving at the company'. More formal than 出勤.
就業 (Shuugyou)
Refers to the commencement of work or employment as a whole. 'Shuugyou kisoku' are work regulations.

通勤 (Commuting) → 出勤 (Clocking in) → 勤務 (Working) → 退勤 (Clocking out)

— The chronological flow of a workday.

While 出勤 is the most common word for daily attendance, 参集 (sanshuu) might be used for an emergency gathering, and 登庁 (touchou) is used specifically for government officials arriving at a government office (庁).

Comparison Table

WordFocusExample
出勤Arrival/Start9時に出勤
通勤Travel電車で通勤
勤務Duty/Service夜間勤務

How Formal Is It?

رسمي

""

مستوى الصعوبة

قواعد يجب معرفتها

أمثلة حسب المستوى

1

私は毎日8時に出勤します。

I report to work at 8:00 every day.

Simple present tense with 'suru'.

2

今日は出勤ですか？

Are you working today?

Noun + desu ka (question).

3

田中さんは今、出勤しました。

Mr. Tanaka just arrived at work.

Past tense 'shimashita'.

4

出勤の時間は何時ですか？

What time is your clock-in?

Noun + no + Noun.

5

あしたは出勤しません。

I won't be going to work tomorrow.

Negative form 'shimasen'.

6

ここは出勤簿です。

This is the attendance book.

Demonstrative 'koko wa'.

7

出勤の前にコーヒーを飲みます。

I drink coffee before going to work.

Noun + no mae ni.

8

月曜日から金曜日まで出勤します。

I work from Monday to Friday.

Time range 'kara... made'.

1

明日は休日ですが、出勤しなければなりません。

Tomorrow is a holiday, but I have to go to work.

Must do: 'nakereba narimasen'.

2

出勤途中に雨が降ってきました。

It started raining on my way to work.

Noun + tochu ni (on the way).

3

佐藤さんはまだ出勤していません。

Mr. Sato hasn't come to work yet.

State: 'shite imasen'.

4

出勤時間を10時に変更しました。

I changed the clock-in time to 10:00.

Direct object 'o' + change 'henkou suru'.

5

風邪をひいたので、今日は出勤できません。

I have a cold, so I can't come to work today.

Potential negative 'dekimasen'.

6

出勤したら、まずメールをチェックします。

When I get to work, I check my email first.

Conditional 'tara'.

7

彼は毎日、自転車で出勤しています。

He goes to work by bicycle every day.

Means 'de' + continuous state 'shite iru'.

8

出勤のルールを確認してください。

Please check the attendance rules.

Request 'kudasai'.

1

台風の影響で、出勤時間が2時間遅れました。

Due to the typhoon, the clock-in time was delayed by two hours.

Cause 'no eikyou de'.

2

最近はリモートワークが増え、出勤する人が減っています。

Recently, remote work has increased, and fewer people are going to the office.

Connecting sentences with 'te' form.

3

休日出勤の手当はいくらですか？

How much is the allowance for working on holidays?

Compound noun 'kyujitsu shukkin'.

4

彼は体調が悪いのに、無理をして出勤した。

Even though he felt unwell, he forced himself to go to work.

Contrast 'noni'.

5

出勤前にジムに寄るのが私のルーティンです。

Stopping by the gym before work is my routine.

Noun + no mae ni + verb.

6

明日の出勤メンバーを確認しておいてください。

Please check the staff members who are working tomorrow.

Preparation 'te oite kudasai'.

7

出勤停止の処分を受けることになった。

I ended up receiving a work suspension.

Result 'koto ni natta'.

8

フレックスタイム制なので、出勤時間は自由です。

Since it's a flex-time system, the clock-in time is flexible.

Reason 'node'.

1

公共交通機関の麻痺により、全社員に出勤見合わせの指示が出た。

Due to the paralysis of public transport, all employees were instructed to wait and see regarding reporting to work.

Formal passive 'shiji ga deta'.

2

出勤率の低下が、チームの生産性に影響を与えている。

The decline in the attendance rate is affecting the team's productivity.

Subject 'ga' + effect 'eikyou o ataete iru'.

3

彼は入社以来、一度も遅刻せずに出勤している。

Since joining the company, he has reported to work without being late even once.

Since 'irai' + without doing 'zu ni'.

4

在宅勤務と出勤を組み合わせたハイブリッド型が主流になりつつある。

A hybrid model combining working from home and going to the office is becoming mainstream.

Becoming 'tsutsu aru'.

5

出勤簿の改ざんは、重大な服務規程違反となります。

Falsifying attendance records constitutes a serious violation of service regulations.

Formal 'to narimasu'.

6

不測の事態に備え、早めに出勤するように心がけています。

I make an effort to report to work early to prepare for unforeseen circumstances.

Effort 'youni kokoro-gakete iru'.

7

育児休暇を終え、来月から職場に出勤する予定だ。

After finishing childcare leave, I plan to return to the workplace next month.

Plan 'yotei da'.

8

出勤途上の事故は、原則として労災の対象となります。

Accidents on the way to work are, in principle, covered by workers' compensation.

Principle 'gensoku to shite'.

1

パンデミック下において、出勤抑制の徹底が求められた。

Under the pandemic, thorough restraint of office attendance was required.

Under 'ka ni oite'.

2

出勤という物理的な行動が、組織への帰属意識を高める側面もある。

The physical act of reporting to work also has an aspect of enhancing the sense of belonging to an organization.

Aspect 'sakumen mo aru'.

3

裁量労働制の導入により、従来の出勤概念が大きく揺らいでいる。

With the introduction of the discretionary labor system, the traditional concept of 'reporting to work' is being significantly shaken.

Shaken 'yuraide iru'.

4

出勤停止処分は、懲戒処分の中でも重い部類に属する。

A work suspension order belongs to the heavier category among disciplinary actions.

Belongs to 'burui ni zokusuru'.

5

労働基準法における「出勤」の定義を再確認する必要がある。

It is necessary to reconfirm the definition of 'attendance' in the Labor Standards Act.

In 'ni okeru'.

6

彼は、自身の信念に基づいて、敢えてラッシュ時の出勤を避けている。

Based on his own beliefs, he dares to avoid reporting to work during rush hour.

Based on 'ni motozuite'.

7

出勤簿と実際の労働時間に乖離がある場合、未払い残業代の問題が生じる。

If there is a discrepancy between the attendance book and actual working hours, the issue of unpaid overtime arises.

Discrepancy 'kairi'.

8

デジタル化の進展により、仮想空間への「出勤」という形態も現実味を帯びてきた。

With the progress of digitalization, the form of 'reporting to work' in virtual spaces has taken on a sense of reality.

Take on reality 'genjitsumi o obite kita'.

1

日本型雇用慣行における「出勤」は、単なる労務提供を超えた忠誠の儀式としての側面を内包してきた。

In Japanese employment practices, 'reporting to work' has contained aspects of a ritual of loyalty that transcends simple labor provision.

Transcend 'o koeta'.

2

出勤という行為がもたらすセレンディピティは、イノベーションの源泉となり得る。

The serendipity brought about by the act of reporting to work can be a source of innovation.

Can be 'ari uru'.

3

労働契約上の出勤義務と、個人のウェルビーイングの相克をどう解消すべきか。

How should we resolve the conflict between the contractual obligation to report to work and individual well-being?

Conflict 'soukoku'.

4

「出勤」という言葉の語源を辿れば、公的な勤めに身を捧げるという中世の奉公意識に行き着く。

Tracing the etymology of 'shukkin' leads to the medieval consciousness of service, of dedicating oneself to public duty.

Tracing 'o tadoreba'.

5

テレワークの普及は、物理的な「出勤」の呪縛から労働者を解放したと言えるだろう。

It could be said that the spread of telework has liberated workers from the spell of physical 'attendance'.

Spell/Curse 'jubaku'.

6

出勤停止期間中の賃金支払い義務の有無は、帰責事由がどこにあるかによって判断される。

Whether there is an obligation to pay wages during a suspension period is judged based on where the attributable reason lies.

Attributable reason 'kiseki jiyu'.

7

高度プロフェッショナル制度下では、出勤という概念そのものが形骸化する可能性がある。

Under the high-level professional system, the very concept of 'reporting to work' may become a mere formality.

Become a formality 'keigaika suru'.

8

メタバース内でのアバターによる「出勤」は、労働の定義を根底から覆すパラダイムシフトである。

Reporting to work via an avatar in the metaverse is a paradigm shift that fundamentally overturns the definition of labor.

Fundamentally overturn 'kontei kara kutsugaesu'.

تلازمات شائعة

8時に出勤する (Clock in at 8)
毎日出勤する (Report to work every day)
出勤を控える (Refrain from going to work)
出勤を命じる (Order someone to report to work)
出勤が遅れる (Be late for work)
出勤を確認する (Confirm attendance)
自転車で出勤する (Commute by bike)
休日出勤をする (Work on a holiday)
出勤を停止する (Suspend from work)
元気に出勤する (Go to work in good spirits)

العبارات الشائعة

出勤時間 (Starting time)

出勤簿 (Attendance log)

出勤日 (Workday)

出勤率 (Attendance rate)

出勤停止 (Work suspension)

出勤ラッシュ (Morning rush hour)

出勤日数 (Number of days worked)

出勤手当 (Attendance allowance)

時差出勤 (Staggered work hours)

特別出勤 (Special attendance)

يُخلط عادةً مع

出勤 vs 通勤 (tsuukin)

Tsuukin is the travel; Shukkin is the arrival/start.

出勤 vs 勤務 (kinmu)

Kinmu is the state of working; Shukkin is the act of reporting.

出勤 vs 登校 (toukou)

Toukou is for school; Shukkin is for work.

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

سهل الخلط

出勤 vs

出勤 vs

出勤 vs

出勤 vs

出勤 vs

أنماط الجُمل

عائلة الكلمة

مرتبط

كيفية الاستخدام

Remote

Can mean logging into the work system.

Business

Standard for reporting to work.

Prohibition

Used for school (toko) is wrong.

أخطاء شائعة
  • Using it for school (should be toukou).
  • Using it to mean 'commuting' (should be tsuukin).
  • Forgetting the 'suru' when using it as an action.
  • Confusing it with 'shigoto' (which is the work itself, not the arrival).
  • Using it for casual hobbies.

نصائح

The 5-Minute Rule

In Japan, arriving for 'shukkin' exactly on time is often seen as being slightly late. Aim to be ready 5 minutes early.

Kanji Practice

Practice writing the kanji '勤' as it has many strokes and is common in business words.

Formal Situations

Use 'shukkin' in emails to HR or your manager to sound more professional.

Learn the Pair

Always learn 'shukkin' and 'taikin' together as they are the 'in' and 'out' of the workday.

Train Station Context

If you hear 'shukkin' on a train announcement, it usually relates to rush hour or delays.

Compound Nouns

Notice how 'shukkin' combines with other words like 'jikan' or 'bi' without any particles.

Telephone Etiquette

When answering the phone for a colleague, use 'shukkin shite orimasu' to say they are in the office.

Attendance Logs

When filling out a Japanese time sheet, look for the column labeled '出勤'.

Exit to Work

Remember: 'Shut' (Shuk) the door and go 'In' (Kin) to work.

B1 Mastery

At B1, focus on using 'shukkin' to describe your work schedule and habits.

احفظها

أصل الكلمة

Sino-Japanese (Kango)

السياق الثقافي

Overtime often follows the official 'taikin' time, but 'shukkin' is the strict start.

The 'shukkin rasshu' is a defining feature of Japanese urban life.

The physical attendance book still exists in some traditional companies.

تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية

سياقات واقعية

بدايات محادثة

"明日は何時に出勤しますか？"

"最近、時差出勤をしていますか？"

"休日出勤はありますか？"

"出勤途中に何かありましたか？"

"リモートワークと出勤、どちらが好きですか？"

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

今日の出勤時間は何時でしたか？

出勤途中に見たものを書いてください。

理想の出勤スタイルについて書いてください。

休日出勤についてどう思いますか？

初めて出勤した日のことを覚えていますか？

الأسئلة الشائعة

10 أسئلة

Yes, it is perfectly fine for part-time jobs (arubaito). It sounds professional.

'Shukkin' is formal and specific to reporting for duty. 'Shigoto ni iku' is general and casual.

Yes, it is often used to mean 'starting your shift' even if you don't leave your house.

You can say 'Shukkin ga okuremasu' or 'Shukkin ni chikoku shimasu'.

It means working on a day that is normally a holiday or weekend for you.

Yes, you can add 'go' to make it 'go-shukkin' when referring to someone else's attendance.

It is an attendance book or sheet where employees record their arrival times.

No, you should use 'toukou' for school.

The opposite is 'taikin' (leaving work) or 'kekkin' (absence).

It is a noun that becomes a verb when you add 'suru'.

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