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A1 noun #2,715 الأكثر شيوعاً 8 دقيقة للقراءة

硬度

kōdo
تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح 硬度 في 30 ثانية
الشرح 硬度 in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't need to worry about the scientific details of 硬度. Just think of it as a word for 'how hard' something is, especially water. You might see this word on a water bottle. In Japan, most water is 'soft,' but some water from other countries is 'hard.' You can simply remember the phrase '硬度が高い' (high hardness) for hard water and '硬度が低い' (low hardness) for soft water. It is a noun. You use it like this: 'This water's 硬度 is high.' Even though it is a bit of a difficult word, seeing it on labels makes it useful early on. Focus on the kanji '硬' (hard) and '度' (degree). If you know '温度' (ondo - temperature), you already know the '度' part! It just means a measurement. So, 硬度 is just the 'measurement of hardness.'
At the A2 level, you can start using 硬度 to describe things like pencils and simple materials. You know that pencils have different levels like HB, B, and H. In Japanese, we say the 硬度 of the pencil lead is different. You can also use it when talking about your preferences for drinking water. For example, '私は硬度が低い水が好きです' (I like water with low hardness). You should also be able to distinguish 硬度 from the simple adjective '硬い' (katai). Remember that 硬度 is a noun used for technical things. You might hear it in a simple weather report or a health segment on TV talking about minerals in water. It's a great word to make your Japanese sound more precise and 'adult' when talking about physical properties.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 硬度 in more formal or academic discussions. You might use it to describe the characteristics of different metals or stones. For example, if you are talking about why a certain tool is good, you might mention its 硬度. You should also be aware of the Mohs scale (モース硬度) which is commonly used in Japan to rank minerals. You can start using verbs like '測定する' (sokutei suru - to measure) with 硬度. For instance, '材料の硬度を測定します' (We will measure the hardness of the material). You should also understand the cultural context of water hardness in Japan and how it affects cooking. Being able to explain that Japanese water has low 硬度 and is therefore good for making green tea is a great B1-level conversation skill.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At the B2 level, 硬度 becomes a tool for professional communication. If you work in engineering, construction, or science, you will use this word frequently. You should understand specific terms like '表面硬度' (surface hardness) and '焼き入れ硬度' (quench hardness in metallurgy). You should also be able to discuss the implications of 硬度 in industrial processes. For example, '硬度が高すぎると、加工が難しくなります' (If the hardness is too high, processing becomes difficult). You should also be able to read technical charts and labels that use 硬度 as a variable. At this level, you should never confuse 硬度 with '強度' (strength), as you understand that a hard material can still be brittle. Your ability to use these technical terms accurately shows a high level of Japanese proficiency.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At the C1 level, you can use 硬度 in highly specialized contexts and abstract discussions. You might encounter it in scientific research papers regarding material science or geology. You should be familiar with various measurement systems like Vickers (ビッカース硬度), Rockwell (ロックウェル硬度), and Brinell (ブリネル硬度). You can discuss the relationship between molecular structure and 硬度. Furthermore, you might see 硬度 used metaphorically in literature, though this is rare. You should be able to explain the chemical process of how calcium and magnesium ions contribute to water 硬度 using advanced vocabulary like 'イオン濃度' (ion concentration). Your nuance in choosing between 硬度, 剛性, and 強度 should be perfect, reflecting a deep understanding of physical properties and their corresponding Japanese terminology.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At the C2 level, your mastery of 硬度 is indistinguishable from a native specialist. You can engage in complex debates about the standardization of hardness testing across different industries. You can interpret and critique technical specifications in Japanese patents or academic journals where 硬度 is a critical parameter. You understand the historical development of the term and its kanji. You can effortlessly switch between technical jargon and layperson explanations, perhaps explaining the 'hard water' phenomenon to a non-expert while maintaining scientific accuracy. You are also sensitive to the subtle homophonic differences between 硬度 and 高度 or 光度 (luminous intensity) in rapid speech or complex written texts. Your usage is precise, contextually appropriate, and sophisticated, reflecting a near-native command of both the language and the underlying scientific concepts.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح

硬度 في 30 ثانية

  • 硬度 (Kōdo) is a technical noun meaning 'hardness,' used for scientific measurements of materials and water quality.
  • It is measured on scales like Mohs for minerals or mg/L for water, and is described as 'high' or 'low.'
  • In Japan, it is most commonly seen on water bottle labels to distinguish between soft and hard water.
  • It differs from 'katasa' (general hardness) by being an objective, numerical value rather than a subjective feeling.

The term 硬度 (こうど - Kōdo) is a scientific and technical noun used to quantify the physical property of 'hardness.' In the Japanese language, while the word '硬さ' (katasa) refers to the general feeling of something being hard or stiff, 硬度 specifically denotes a measurable degree or numerical value assigned to that hardness. It is an essential term in geology, metallurgy, and environmental science. When we talk about the mineral composition of water or the scratch resistance of a diamond, we are discussing its 硬度.

Scientific Definition
The resistance of a solid material to various kinds of permanent shape change when a compressive force is applied.
Water Quality Context
The concentration of calcium and magnesium ions dissolved in water, categorized as soft or hard water.
Industrial Context
A parameter used to determine the durability and wear resistance of metals and alloys in manufacturing.

この地域の水道水は硬度が高いため、石鹸が泡立ちにくいです。 (The tap water in this area has high hardness, so soap does not lather easily.)

Understanding 硬度 requires looking at the two kanji characters that form it. The first character, 硬 (kou), means 'stiff,' 'hard,' or 'rigid.' It is composed of the 'stone' radical (石), suggesting the inherent toughness of minerals. The second character, 度 (do), means 'degree,' 'extent,' or 'measurement.' Together, they literally translate to 'the degree of hardness.' This makes the word inherently more formal and precise than its colloquial counterparts.

ダイヤモンドはモース硬度で最高の10に分類されます。 (Diamonds are classified as the highest 10 on the Mohs scale of hardness.)

In Japan, the concept of 硬度 is frequently encountered in the context of drinking water. Japan's water is generally 'soft water' (軟水 - nansui), meaning it has low 硬度. This is often contrasted with 'hard water' (硬水 - kousui) found in many parts of Europe and North America. This distinction is vital for cooking Japanese cuisine, as the 硬度 of the water significantly affects the flavor of dashi and the texture of rice.

材料の表面硬度を測定するために、特別な機械を使用します。 (We use a special machine to measure the surface hardness of the material.)

鉛筆の芯の硬度は、HやBなどの記号で表されます。 (The hardness of pencil lead is represented by symbols such as H and B.)

Measurement Units
Commonly expressed in mg/L (for water) or specific scales like Rockwell, Vickers, or Mohs (for solids).

Furthermore, in the tech world, 硬度 is used to describe the scratch resistance of smartphone screens. Tempered glass is often marketed with a '9H 硬度' rating, indicating it can withstand scratches from a 9H pencil. This shows how a technical term bridges the gap between scientific laboratories and consumer electronics marketing.

このスマホフィルムは、業界最高レベルの硬度を誇ります。 (This smartphone film boasts the highest level of hardness in the industry.)

Using 硬度 correctly involves understanding its role as a formal noun. It is almost always paired with verbs of measurement or adjectives of quantity. Because it represents a scale, we do not say 'strong' or 'weak' hardness; instead, we use 'high' (高い - takai) or 'low' (低い - hikui). This is a crucial distinction for learners to master.

1. Describing Water Quality

When discussing water, 硬度 is the standard term. You will see it on the back of mineral water bottles sold in Japanese convenience stores. If you are traveling to Europe from Japan, you might notice your hair feels different after washing; this is due to the difference in 硬度.

  • 硬度が高い (Kōdo ga takai): High hardness (Hard water).
  • 硬度が低い (Kōdo ga hikui): Low hardness (Soft water).
  • 硬度を調整する (Kōdo o chōsei suru): To adjust the hardness (e.g., in an aquarium).

2. Industrial and Scientific Applications

In engineering or manufacturing, 硬度 is used to specify the requirements for parts. For example, a knife blade needs a specific 硬度 to maintain its edge without being so brittle that it snaps. In these contexts, you will often see the word paired with specific testing methods.

  • 硬度計 (Kōdokei): Hardness tester (the device).
  • 硬度試験 (Kōdo shiken): Hardness test.
  • 表面硬度 (Hyōmen kōdo): Surface hardness.

3. Comparison with 'Katasa' (硬さ)

While '硬さ' is a general noun meaning 'hardness' or 'stiffness,' 硬度 is reserved for when there is a scale or a number involved. For instance, you would say 'このパンは硬い' (This bread is hard) using the adjective, but you would never talk about the 硬度 of bread unless you were performing a laboratory analysis on its chemical structure. Use 硬度 for minerals, water, metals, and glass.

4. Common Sentence Patterns

To sound natural, use the following structures:

  • [Subject]の硬度は[Number]です。 (The hardness of [Subject] is [Number].)
  • 硬度[Number]の[Object]。 ([Object] with a hardness of [Number].)
  • 硬度を測る。 (To measure the hardness.)

In the context of pencils, the 'H' stands for 'Hard,' and in Japanese, this is explained as '硬度が高い芯' (a lead with high hardness). When you buy a screen protector for your phone, the packaging will likely say '硬度9H' to indicate its resistance to scratches.

The word 硬度 is ubiquitous in specific professional and educational settings in Japan. While you might not use it every day while buying groceries, you will certainly encounter it in the following scenarios:

1. Science Classrooms (理科の授業)

Japanese students first learn about 硬度 in elementary and middle school science. They study the Mohs scale to identify minerals. If you watch an educational program on NHK, you will hear the narrator explain how different rocks have different 硬度 based on their mineral content.

2. Mineral Water Labels (ミネラルウォーターのラベル)

In Japan, consumers are very conscious of the difference between 'Soft Water' (軟水) and 'Hard Water' (硬水). On the side of a bottle of Evian or Volvic, you will see a table listing the 硬度. Japanese people often prefer soft water for drinking and making tea, so they check the 硬度 to ensure it meets their preference.

3. Jewelry and Watch Stores (宝石店・時計店)

When buying a diamond ring or a high-end watch with a sapphire crystal, the salesperson will often mention the 硬度 of the material to justify the price and durability. They might say, 'This watch face has a high 硬度, so it won't scratch easily.'

4. Manufacturing and Construction Sites (製造・建設現場)

Engineers and architects discuss the 硬度 of steel beams, concrete, and flooring materials. In a factory setting, '硬度計' (hardness testers) are used daily to quality-check parts. If a part's 硬度 is too low, it might be rejected as defective.

5. Beauty and Skincare (美容・スキンケア)

Interestingly, 硬度 is mentioned in discussions about hair care. High-hardness water (hard water) can lead to dry hair and skin irritation. Beauty bloggers in Japan often discuss how to deal with the high 硬度 of water when traveling abroad to Europe or the United States.

While 硬度 is a straightforward term, Japanese learners often make a few common errors in its application and collocations.

1. Using 'Strong/Weak' instead of 'High/Low'

In English, we might occasionally say 'strong hardness,' but in Japanese, 硬度 is a numerical scale. Therefore, you must use 高い (high) or 低い (low). Avoid saying '硬度が強い' (strong hardness) or '硬度が弱い' (weak hardness). This is a very common mistake for beginners.

2. Confusing 'Kōdo' (硬度) with 'Katasa' (硬さ)

As mentioned before, '硬さ' is the general noun. If you touch a pillow and find it too firm, you say '硬さがちょうどいい' (The hardness/firmness is just right). If you said '硬度がちょうどいい,' it would sound like you are a scientist measuring the pillow's mineral content. Use 硬度 only for scientific or technical contexts.

3. Confusing 'Kōdo' (硬度) with 'Kōdo' (高度)

Japanese has many homophones. 高度 (こうど) means 'altitude' or 'high-level/advanced.' While they are pronounced exactly the same, their kanji and meanings are entirely different. Context usually makes it clear, but when writing, be careful to choose the correct kanji. '高度な技術' (advanced technology) vs. '水の硬度' (water hardness).

4. Misapplying to Soft Objects

You generally don't use 硬度 for organic materials like skin, fruit, or fabric unless you are in a very specific medical or agricultural research setting. For example, to describe a hard apple, use '硬いりんご' (katai ringo), not '硬度の高いりんご'.

5. Incorrect Particle Usage

When describing the hardness of something, the particle の is essential: 'ダイヤモンドの硬度'. When stating that the hardness is high, use が: '硬度が高い'. Beginners sometimes mix these up or omit them, leading to unnatural phrasing.

To truly master 硬度, it helps to understand the words that surround it in the Japanese vocabulary. Here are several related terms and how they differ:

1. 硬さ (Katasa)

This is the most common synonym. It is the noun form of the adjective '硬い' (katai). It refers to the general quality of being hard. While 硬度 is technical and objective, '硬さ' can be subjective. You talk about the '硬さ' of a steak or a bed, but the 硬度 of a gemstone.

2. 強度 (Kyōdo)

Often confused with 硬度, 強度 means 'strength' or 'intensity.' In engineering, 硬度 is about surface resistance (scratching), while 強度 is about how much load a material can take before breaking. A glass bottle has high 硬度 (it's hard to scratch) but low 強度 (it breaks easily if dropped).

3. 剛性 (Gōsei)

This term means 'rigidity' or 'stiffness.' It refers to a material's resistance to deformation (bending). While 硬度 is a surface property, 剛性 is a structural property. You might talk about the 剛性 of a car chassis.

4. 密度 (Mitsudo)

Meaning 'density.' This is another scientific 'degree' word (ending in 度). While 硬度 measures hardness, 密度 measures how much mass is packed into a volume. Some materials have high 硬度 but low 密度, and vice versa.

5. 粘度 (Nendo)

Meaning 'viscosity.' This is the 'degree' of thickness in liquids (like honey or oil). It is the liquid equivalent of discussing how 'hard' or 'thick' a substance is, but specifically for fluids.

How Formal Is It?

مستوى الصعوبة

قواعد يجب معرفتها

Noun + の + Noun (Possessive)

Adjective + Noun (Modification)

~ba ~hodo (The more... the more...)

~ni yotte (Depending on...)

~tame (Because/Due to)

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

أمثلة حسب المستوى

1

この水の硬度は低いです。

This water's hardness is low.

Subject + の + 硬度 + は + Adjective + です。

2

硬度が高い水は硬水です。

Water with high hardness is hard water.

Adjective + 硬度 + noun phrase.

3

硬度をチェックします。

I will check the hardness.

Noun + を + Verb.

4

この石の硬度はいくつですか？

What is the hardness of this stone?

Question form using 'いくつ' (how much/what number).

5

硬度10はダイヤモンドです。

Hardness 10 is diamond.

Number as a direct modifier.

6

水道水の硬度を調べます。

I will look up the hardness of tap water.

Possessive 'no' linking tap water and hardness.

7

硬度が低い水はおいしいです。

Water with low hardness tastes good.

Relative clause describing the water.

8

硬度の数字を見ます。

I look at the hardness number.

Noun + no + Noun.

1

鉛筆の硬度を選んでください。

Please choose the hardness of the pencil.

Polite request using 'kudasai'.

2

この地域の水は硬度が高いです。

The water in this area has high hardness.

Locational 'no' + 'wa' topic marker.

3

硬度が高いと石鹸が泡立ちません。

If the hardness is high, soap won't lather.

Conditional 'to' (if/when).

4

モース硬度を知っていますか？

Do you know the Mohs scale of hardness?

Direct object with 'shitte imasu ka'.

5

硬度が低い水は料理に合います。

Low hardness water is good for cooking.

Verb 'au' (to suit/match).

6

このガラスは硬度が高いです。

This glass has high hardness.

Simple descriptive sentence.

7

硬度の違いを教えてください。

Please tell me the difference in hardness.

Noun 'chigai' (difference).

8

硬度計を使って測ります。

I will measure it using a hardness tester.

Te-form for means/method.

1

水の硬度が料理の味に影響します。

The hardness of water affects the taste of food.

Verb 'eikyou suru' (to influence).

2

この金属は熱処理で硬度が変わります。

The hardness of this metal changes with heat treatment.

Instrumental 'de' (by means of).

3

硬度が高い水は、コーヒーの苦味を強くします。

Hard water makes the bitterness of coffee stronger.

Causative-like structure 'ni suru'.

4

ダイヤモンドは最も硬度が高い鉱物です。

Diamond is the mineral with the highest hardness.

Superlative 'motto-mo'.

5

この床材は表面硬度が非常に高いです。

This flooring material has very high surface hardness.

Compound noun 'hyoumen koudo'.

6

硬度を一定に保つ必要があります。

It is necessary to keep the hardness constant.

Noun + 'ni tamotsu' (keep as...).

7

硬度の基準を確認しましょう。

Let's check the hardness standards.

Volitional 'mashou'.

8

硬度成分がパイプに詰まることがあります。

Hardness components can sometimes clog pipes.

Potential 'koto ga aru'.

1

材料の硬度をビッカース法で測定した。

The hardness of the material was measured using the Vickers method.

Method indicated by 'de'.

2

硬度と強度の違いを理解することが重要だ。

It is important to understand the difference between hardness and strength.

Nominalized clause with 'koto'.

3

この合金は、特定の硬度を維持するように設計されている。

This alloy is designed to maintain a specific hardness.

Purpose clause 'you ni'.

4

硬度が高いほど、摩耗しにくくなります。

The higher the hardness, the harder it is to wear down.

Proportional 'hodo' structure.

5

水の硬度を下げて、軟水器を設置した。

I lowered the water hardness and installed a water softener.

Te-form for sequence of actions.

6

硬度試験の結果、基準値を上回った。

As a result of the hardness test, it exceeded the standard value.

Verb 'uwamawaru' (to exceed).

7

表面の硬度を均一にすることが課題です。

Making the surface hardness uniform is the challenge.

Adverbial 'kin-itsu ni'.

8

硬度が不足しているため、再処理が必要です。

Because the hardness is insufficient, reprocessing is necessary.

Reasoning 'tame'.

1

焼入れ温度が硬度に与える影響を考察する。

We will consider the effect that quenching temperature has on hardness.

Relative clause 'koudo ni ataeru'.

2

この鉱物は、結晶構造によって硬度が異なる。

The hardness of this mineral varies depending on its crystal structure.

Dependency 'ni yotte'.

3

硬度分布を詳細に解析する必要がある。

It is necessary to analyze the hardness distribution in detail.

Compound noun 'koudo bunpu'.

4

ナノインデンテーション法を用いて微小硬度を測る。

Measure micro-hardness using the nanoindentation method.

Advanced method 'wo mochiite'.

5

硬度の経時変化を追跡調査した。

We conducted a follow-up study on the change in hardness over time.

Compound noun 'keiji henka'.

6

加工硬化によって、素材の硬度が上昇する。

The hardness of the material increases due to work hardening.

Technical term 'kakou kouka'.

7

硬度と延性のトレードオフを考慮しなければならない。

The trade-off between hardness and ductility must be considered.

Grammar 'nakereba naranai'.

8

硬度計の校正を定期的に実施している。

We regularly carry out calibration of the hardness tester.

Formal verb 'jishi suru'.

1

原子間結合の強さが、巨視的な硬度として現れる。

The strength of interatomic bonds manifests as macroscopic hardness.

Formal 'toshite arawareru'.

2

硬度測定における誤差要因を徹底的に排除する。

Thoroughly eliminate error factors in hardness measurement.

Locative 'ni okeru'.

3

当該素材の硬度は、理論値と極めて高い相関を示した。

The hardness of the material in question showed an extremely high correlation with the theoretical value.

Formal 'tougai' and 'soukan'.

4

硬度勾配を制御することで、耐摩耗性を向上させる。

By controlling the hardness gradient, wear resistance is improved.

Means 'koto de'.

5

多結晶体における粒界が硬度に及ぼす影響は多大である。

The influence of grain boundaries on hardness in polycrystals is significant.

Formal 'oyobosu' and 'tadai'.

6

硬度という指標のみでは、材料の真の性質は測り得ない。

The true properties of a material cannot be measured by the index of hardness alone.

Negative potential 'hakari enai'.

7

高温環境下における硬度の低下を抑制する新素材。

A new material that suppresses the decrease in hardness under high-temperature environments.

Condition 'kankyou-ka'.

8

硬度試験の国際規格整合化が急務となっている。

The harmonization of international standards for hardness testing has become an urgent matter.

Noun-heavy formal sentence.

المرادفات

硬さ 剛性 堅牢度 剛硬 強度

الأضداد

軟度 柔軟性

تلازمات شائعة

硬度が高い (High hardness)
硬度が低い (Low hardness)
硬度を測る (Measure hardness)
硬度を調整する (Adjust hardness)
表面硬度 (Surface hardness)
モース硬度 (Mohs hardness)
硬度成分 (Hardness components)
硬度計 (Hardness tester)
硬度試験 (Hardness test)
水の硬度 (Water hardness)

العبارات الشائعة

硬度を上げる (To increase hardness)
硬度を下げる (To decrease hardness)
一定の硬度 (Constant hardness)
硬度10のダイヤモンド (Diamond of hardness 10)
硬度が高い水 (Hard water)
硬度が低い水 (Soft water)
鉛筆の硬度 (Pencil hardness)
硬度を比較する (Compare hardness)
硬度の基準 (Hardness standard)
硬度を測定する (To measure hardness)

يُخلط عادةً مع

硬度 vs 高度

硬度 vs 強度

硬度 vs 光度

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

"硬度を競う (To compete in hardness - metaphorical)"
"ダイヤモンドの硬度 (Metaphor for something unbreakable)"
"水の硬度のように (Metaphor for subtle regional differences)"
"硬度計で測れない (Something whose value/strength can't be quantified)"
"硬度を増す (To become harder/firmer over time)"
"硬度が命 (Hardness is everything - in manufacturing)"
"硬度の壁 (The barrier of hardness)"
"硬度を極める (To reach the peak of hardness)"
"硬度の違いに驚く (To be surprised by the difference in hardness)"
"硬度を保つ (To maintain hardness)"

سهل الخلط

硬度 vs 硬さ

硬度 vs 固さ

硬度 vs 堅さ

硬度 vs 剛性

硬度 vs 密度

أنماط الجُمل

عائلة الكلمة

مرتبط

硬い (Katai - Adj)
硬化 (Kōka - Hardening)
硬貨 (Kōka - Coin)
強硬 (Kyōkō - Firm/Stubborn)
سجّل مجاناً لرؤية جميع الأمثلة

كيفية الاستخدام

Homophones

Be aware of 高度 (altitude) and 光度 (light intensity).

Scientific vs General

Kōdo is scientific; Katasa is general.

أخطاء شائعة
  • Saying '硬度が強い' instead of '硬度が高い'.
  • Using '硬度' to describe a hard piece of bread.
  • Confusing the kanji for 'Kōdo' (硬度) with 'Kōdo' (高度 - altitude).
  • Forgetting the 'no' particle in 'Mizu no kōdo'.
  • Thinking '硬度' refers to the difficulty of a test.

نصائح

Remember the 'Do'

Whenever you see '度' at the end of a word, think 'measurement' or 'degree.' This will help you group words like temperature, humidity, and hardness together.

Tea and Water

If you want to impress Japanese friends, mention that you prefer low '硬度' water for your tea. It shows you understand a subtle part of Japanese culinary culture.

Kanji Practice

The kanji 硬 has the stone radical on the left. Think of a stone to remember it means 'hard.' The right side is the sound component.

Mohs Scale

Memorizing that Diamond is 10 and Talc is 1 on the Mohs scale is a common science fact in Japan. Use '硬度' to discuss this.

Check the Label

Next time you are in a Japanese convenience store, look at the back of a water bottle. You will almost certainly find the word '硬度'.

High/Low

Always use 'takai' and 'hikui' with this word. Using 'tsuyoi' (strong) is a common mistake that sounds very unnatural to native speakers.

Context Clues

If you hear 'Kōdo' and the topic is mountains or airplanes, it's 'Altitude.' If the topic is water or rocks, it's 'Hardness'.

Professionalism

Using '硬度' instead of '硬さ' in a business meeting about products will make you sound much more professional and precise.

Compound Words

Look out for compound words like '硬度計' (tester) and '硬度試験' (test). They are very common in technical manuals.

The Hard Code

Think of a 'Hard Code' that scientists use to measure the world. This 'Code' is 'Kōdo'.

احفظها

أصل الكلمة

Sino-Japanese compound used to translate Western scientific concepts during the Meiji era.

السياق الثقافي

Japanese students are very specific about pencil hardness, often preferring 2B for its smoothness.

Japanese people generally prefer low hardness water for drinking.

Japan's history of sword making (Katana) involved a deep, ancient understanding of metal hardness.

تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية

سياقات واقعية

بدايات محادثة

"日本の水は硬度が低いって知ってた？ (Did you know Japanese water has low hardness?)"

"この鉛筆、硬度はどれがいいかな？ (Which hardness would be good for this pencil?)"

"ヨーロッパの水は硬度が高いから、髪がパサパサになるよ。 (European water has high hardness, so your hair gets dry.)"

"ダイヤモンドの硬度は10なんだよ。 (A diamond's hardness is 10.)"

"このスマホのフィルム、硬度9Hだって。 (This smartphone film says it's 9H hardness.)"

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

今日飲んだ水の硬度を調べてみましょう。 (Let's check the hardness of the water you drank today.)

硬度が高い水と低い水、どちらが好きですか？ (Do you like high hardness water or low hardness water?)

あなたが持っている一番硬度が高いものは何ですか？ (What is the thing with the highest hardness that you own?)

硬度という言葉を使って、科学の実験について書いてください。 (Write about a science experiment using the word 'hardness'.)

料理と水の硬度の関係について考えてみましょう。 (Think about the relationship between cooking and water hardness.)

الأسئلة الشائعة

10 أسئلة

硬度 is a technical, measurable value used in science and industry. 硬さ is a general, often subjective term for how hard something feels. You use 硬度 for water and minerals, but 硬さ for bread or pillows.

Japanese water is generally soft, meaning it has low 硬度. This is due to the short rivers and volcanic soil. It is perfect for making green tea and dashi.

It is simply '水の硬度' (mizu no kōdo). You can also use '硬水' (kousui) for hard water and '軟水' (nansui) for soft water.

It refers to pencil hardness. 9H is the highest level of lead hardness, meaning the protector can resist scratches from a 9H pencil. In Japanese, this is called '硬度9H'.

No, that would be incorrect. For a 'hard' or 'stubborn' personality, you would use '頑固' (ganko) or '頭が硬い' (atama ga katai).

Japan typically uses milligrams per liter (mg/L), which is equivalent to parts per million (ppm). You will see these numbers on mineral water labels.

Yes, it is 'Atamadaka,' meaning the first syllable is high and the rest are low. This helps distinguish it from other words in fast conversation.

It is called 'モース硬度' (Mōsu kōdo). It is the standard scale from 1 to 10 used in schools to teach about minerals.

The minerals in water (calcium and magnesium) react with coffee compounds. High 硬度 water makes coffee taste more bitter, while low 硬度 water highlights acidity.

No, for difficulty, you use '難易度' (nan'ido). While both end in '度,' they are used for completely different concepts.

سجّل مجاناً للنصائح والملاحظات

اختبر نفسك 180 أسئلة

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

سجّل مجاناً للتدريب

محتوى ذو صلة

مزيد من كلمات Science

吸収

A1

عملية امتصاص أو استيعاب شيء ما، مثل السوائل أو الضوء أو المعرفة. يصف العمليات الفيزيائية والمجازية على حد سواء.

分析

B1

كشف تحليل البيانات عن اتجاهات غير متوقعة.

原子

A1

الذرة هي اللبنة الأساسية لكل المادة. وهي أصغر وحدة في العنصر الكيميائي.

引力

A1

إنها القوة الفيزيائية التي تجذب الأشياء نحو بعضها البعض. كما أنها تستخدم لوصف سحر قوي أو تأثير مغناطيسي.

細菌

A1

كائنات حية مجهرية وحيدة الخلية توجد في كل مكان. بعضها يسبب الأمراض والعديد منها مفيد.

繁殖

A1

تكاثر أو تناسل الحيوانات والنباتات والكائنات الحية الدقيقة. لا يستخدم هذا المصطلح لوصف التكاثر البشري.

炭素

A1

الكربون هو عنصر كيميائي أساسي للحياة. يوجد في مواد تتراوح من الفحم إلى الألماس.

触媒

A1

عامل حافز. مادة تسرع التفاعل الكيميائي، أو شخص/شيء يسبب تغييراً سريعاً.

塩素

A1

الكلور هو عنصر كيميائي يستخدم لتطهير المياه وصنع المبيضات. غالبا ما توجد رائحته في المسابح.

解明

A1

توضيح، كشف. عمل حل لغز أو توضيح مشكلة معقدة.

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