Has مقابل Had: ما الفرق؟
has للمضارع مع المفرد، و had لكل الضمائر في الماضي: has للآن، و had للزمان.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'has' for the present third-person singular (he/she/it) and 'had' for all past situations regardless of the subject.
- Use 'has' for current possession or actions with he, she, or it (e.g., She has a car).
- Use 'had' for any past possession or action for all subjects (e.g., They had a car).
- In compound tenses, 'has' forms the Present Perfect while 'had' forms the Past Perfect.
نظرة عامة
has و had من أهم الركائز الأساسية في قواعد اللغة الإنجليزية، وهما مشتقان من الفعل الجذري to have الذي يُعتبر من أكثر الأفعال استخداماً وتنوعاً في اللغة. بالنسبة لنا كمتحدثين باللغة العربية، قد يشكل فهم هذا الفعل تحدياً في البداية، والسبب يكمن في اختلاف جذري بين اللغتين: في لغتنا العربية، نحن لا نملك فعلاً مستقلاً يعبر عن الملكية (لا يوجد فعل بمعنى «يملك» نستخدمه في حياتنا اليومية بكثرة)، بل نعتمد على أشباه الجمل وحروف الجر مثل (عندي، لديّ، لي، مَعِي). أما في الإنجليزية، فالفعل to have ومشتقاته مثل has و had هي الأساس للتعبير عن الملكية، والتجارب، وحتى الالتزامات.has و had يتمحور حول نقطتين أساسيتين: الزمن (Tense) و توافق الفاعل مع الفعل (Subject-Verb Agreement).has يُستخدم حصرياً في الزمن الحاضر (المضارع)، ويرتبط دائماً بالفاعل المفرد الغائب (Third-person singular) مثل (he, she, it) أو الأسماء المفردة. في المقابل، الفعل had يأخذنا إلى الزمن الماضي، ويتميز بمرونته المطلقة، حيث يُستخدم مع جميع الضمائر والأسماء دون استثناء (I, you, he, we, they، إلخ). إتقان هذا التمييز سيساعدك في التعبير عن واقعك الحالي أو سرد قصصك وتجاربك الماضية بدقة متناهية، سواء كنت تتحدث عن سيارة تمتلكها الآن، أو اجتماع عائلي حضرته يوم الجمعة الماضي.has و had، يجب أن ندرك أولاً أن الفعل to have يلعب دورين مختلفين تماماً في الجملة الإنجليزية: إما أن يكون فعلاً أساسياً (Main Verb) أو فعلاً مساعداً (Auxiliary Verb).- الملكية (Possession):
She has a beautiful house.(هي تمتلك/لديها منزل جميل). - التجارب والأحداث (Experience/Occurrence):
We had a great meeting yesterday.(كان لدينا/عقدنا اجتماعاً رائعاً البارحة). - الخصائص والسمات (Characteristics):
The Arabian horse has strong legs.(الحصان العربي يمتلك/لديه أرجل قوية). - الالتزام (Obligation) (عندما يتبعه
to):He has to study for the exam.(يجب عليه أن يدرس للامتحان).
he, she, it، أو اسماً مفرداً مثل Ahmed أو The company)، فإننا نستخدم has. أما مع بقية الضمائر (I, you, we, they)، فنستخدم have.had. هذا الفعل يعادل في العربية قولنا (كان عندي) أو (كان لدي).has أو had معنى الملكية (عندي/لدي)، بل وظيفتهما قواعدية بحتة. هما يساعدان في بناء الأزمنة التامة (Perfect Tenses) عن طريق الارتباط بالتصريف الثالث للفعل (Past Participle).- نستخدم
hasمع الفاعل المفرد الغائب لبناء المضارع التام (Present Perfect). هذا الزمن يربط الماضي بالحاضر، ويشبه في العربية استخدامنا لحرف التحقيق (قَدْ + الفعل الماضي). مثال:He has finished his work.(لقد أنهى عمله للتو، أو أثره لا يزال موجوداً). - نستخدم
hadمع جميع الضمائر لبناء الماضي التام (Past Perfect). هذا الزمن يُستخدم لترتيب أحداث الماضي، ليوضح أن حدثاً وقع *قبل* حدث آخر في الماضي. وهو يشبه في العربية تركيب (كان + قد + الفعل الماضي). مثال:She had left before I arrived.(كانت قد غادرت قبل أن أصل).
He has a car. | هو لديه سيارة. / عنده سيارة. | في الإنجليزية نستخدم فعلاً صريحاً has، بينما في العربية نستخدم ظرف مكان (عند/لدى) + ضمير متصل. |He had a car. | كان لديه سيارة. / كان عنده سيارة. | في الإنجليزية نستخدم الفعل الماضي had، في العربية نضطر لإضافة الفعل الناقص «كان» للدلالة على الماضي. |has و had في حالات الإثبات، النفي، والسؤال. من المهم جداً الانتباه إلى الأفعال المساعدة do/does/did في حالة النفي والسؤال، لأنها نقطة يكثر فيها الخطأ.He, She, It, Singular Noun | She has a book. | She does not have a book. | Does she have a book? |I, You, We, They, Plural | They have time. | They do not have time. | Do they have time? |he, she, it)، استخدمنا does أو does not. وبمجرد ظهور does في الجملة، يعود الفعل has إلى أصله (المصدر) وهو have. لا نقول أبداً She does not has، بل نقول She does not have.He had a meeting. | He did not have a meeting. | Did he have a meeting? |did not للنفي و did للسؤال. وكما حدث مع does، فإن ظهور did يجبر الفعل had على العودة إلى أصله في المضارع وهو have. لا نقول أبداً He did not had، بل He did not have.has و had هما أفعال مساعدة، لذا لا نحتاج إلى do/does/did للنفي أو السؤال. نحن ننفي ونسأل باستخدام has و had أنفسهما.He, She, It, Singular Noun | He has arrived. | He has not arrived. | Has he arrived? |They had left. | They had not left. | Had they left? |has و had يعتمد على الإطار الزمني (هل نتحدث عن الحاضر أم الماضي؟) وعلى الدور النحوي للفعل. إليك تفصيل الحالات مع أمثلة من واقعنا:has (مواقف تركز على الحاضر مع فاعل مفرد غائب):- للتعبير عن الملكية في الحاضر (كفعل أساسي): نستخدم
hasعندما يمتلك شخص مفرد (هو، هي، أو غير العاقل) شيئاً في الوقت الحالي. My friend has a new shop in the traditional market.(صديقي لديه متجر جديد في السوق الشعبي).This restaurant has the best Arabic coffee.(هذا المطعم يقدم/لديه أفضل قهوة عربية).
- للتعبير عن الحالات أو التجارب أو الأمراض الحالية (كفعل أساسي):
Ahmed has a severe headache today.(أحمد يعاني من صداع شديد اليوم).She has an important meeting this morning.(لديها اجتماع مهم هذا الصباح).
- في زمن المضارع التام (كفعل مساعد): لربط حدث وقع في الماضي بآثاره في الحاضر.
My mother has cooked a delicious Mandi.(لقد طبخت أمي مندي لذيذاً - الحدث انتهى لكن الطعام جاهز الآن والأثر موجود).He has lived in Dubai for five years.(لقد عاش في دبي لمدة خمس سنوات - وما زال يعيش هناك).
- للتعبير عن الالتزام والإجبار في الحاضر (مع
to): He has to visit his grandparents every Friday.(يجب عليه أن يزور أجداده كل يوم جمعة - التزام عائلي).
had (مواقف تركز على الماضي مع جميع الضمائر):- للتعبير عن الملكية في الماضي (كفعل أساسي): عندما كان شخص ما يمتلك شيئاً في الماضي، لكنه لم يعد يمتلكه الآن، أو أننا نسرد قصة في الماضي.
When I was a child, I had a beautiful bicycle.(عندما كنت طفلاً، كان لدي دراجة جميلة).Our old house had a large garden.(منزلنا القديم كان يحتوي على حديقة كبيرة).
- للتعبير عن تجارب أو أحداث انتهت في الماضي (كفعل أساسي):
We had a wonderful time at the Majlis last night.(قضينا وقتاً رائعاً في المجلس الليلة الماضية).I had a cup of tea before leaving.(شربت/تناولت كوباً من الشاي قبل المغادرة).
- في زمن الماضي التام (كفعل مساعد): لترتيب حدثين كلاهما في الماضي، حيث نستخدم
hadللحدث الأقدم (الذي وقع أولاً). By the time we reached the airport, the plane had departed.(بحلول الوقت الذي وصلنا فيه إلى المطار، كانت الطائرة قد غادرت - المغادرة حدثت أولاً).She had already prepared the coffee when the guests arrived.(كانت قد أعدت القهوة بالفعل عندما وصل الضيوف).
- للتعبير عن الالتزام في الماضي (مع
to): I had to work late yesterday.(اضطررت للعمل لوقت متأخر البارحة).
has و had. إليك أبرزها وكيفية تجنبها:- الخطأ:
He have a car. - الصواب:
He has a car. - السبب (L1 Interference): في اللغة العربية، نحن نقول «هو عنده» و «هم عندهم»، الكلمة الأساسية «عند» لا تتغير بشكل جذري كفعل، بل نضيف لها ضميراً. في الإنجليزية، الأفعال تتغير بناءً على الفاعل. المتعلم العربي قد يعمم استخدام
haveمع كل الضمائر متجاهلاً قاعدة المفرد الغائب. تذكر دائماً:He, She, Itيعشقون حرف الـsفي المضارع، لذا يأخذونhas.
- الخطأ:
I was have a problem.أوHe was has a car. - الصواب:
I had a problem.أوHe had a car. - السبب (L1 Interference): هذا من أكثر الأخطاء شيوعاً. في العربية، للتعبير عن الماضي مع الملكية، نستخدم الفعل الناقص «كان» + «عندي» (كان عندي). العقل الباطن للمتحدث العربي يترجم «كان» إلى
was، ويترجم «عندي» إلىhave، فتكون النتيجة الكارثيةI was have. في الإنجليزية، الفعلhadوحده كافٍ جداً ليحمل معنى «كان» و «عندي» معاً في كلمة واحدة.
has أو had في حالة النفي والسؤال- الخطأ:
She doesn't has a pen.أوDid you had a good time? - الصواب:
She doesn't have a pen.وDid you have a good time? - السبب: المتعلم يعرف أن الجملة عن المفرد الغائب (فيستخدم has) أو عن الماضي (فيستخدم had)، وينسى أن الأفعال المساعدة
doesوdidهي أفعال «لصوص»، تسرق الزمن وتسرق حرف الـsمن الفعل الأساسي، وتجبره على العودة لشكله الأصلي المجردhave.
has و had في جدول يوضح الفروق الدقيقة بينهما من حيث الزمن والاستخدام.has | had |He, She, It, Ali) | جميع الضمائر والأسماء (I, You, We, They, He...) |does not have | did not have |My brother has a smartphone. | My brother had an old Nokia. |The train has left. (القطار غادر للتو وأثره موجود) | The train had left before I arrived. (القطار غادر قبل وصولي) |Does he have ولا نقول Does he has؟does يحمل بالفعل علامة المفرد الغائب (حرف الـ s). في اللغة الإنجليزية، لا نكرر علامة الزمن أو الإفراد مرتين في نفس الفعل المركب. بمجرد استخدام does، يعود الفعل الذي يليه إلى مصدره الأساسي وهو have.had مع الفاعل الجمع مثل They أو We؟had يُستخدم مع الجميع بلا استثناء: I had, She had, We had, They had.She has a coffee و She is having a coffee؟She has a coffee every morning.(هي تشرب القهوة كل صباح - عادة متكررة).She is having a coffee right now.(هي تشرب/تتناول القهوة في هذه اللحظة - حدث مستمر).
I had a car و I had bought a car؟I had a car، الفعل had هو الفعل الأساسي الوحيد في الجملة ويعني (كان لدي سيارة). أما في الجملة الثانية I had bought a car، الفعل had هو فعل مساعد و bought هو الفعل الأساسي، وهذا هو زمن الماضي التام، ويعني (كنت قد اشتريت سيارة) قبل حدث آخر في الماضي.Conjugation of 'To Have' (Present vs. Past)
| Subject | Present Tense | Past Tense | Present Perfect | Past Perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
have
|
had
|
have had
|
had had
|
|
You
|
have
|
had
|
have had
|
had had
|
|
He/She/It
|
has
|
had
|
has had
|
had had
|
|
We
|
have
|
had
|
have had
|
had had
|
|
They
|
have
|
had
|
have had
|
had had
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
He has
|
He's
|
He's got a car.
|
|
She has
|
She's
|
She's finished.
|
|
It has
|
It's
|
It's been raining.
|
|
I had
|
I'd
|
I'd already left.
|
|
You had
|
You'd
|
You'd better go.
|
|
They had
|
They'd
|
They'd seen it.
|
Meanings
Both words are forms of the verb 'to have,' used to indicate possession, experience, or as auxiliary verbs to form complex tenses.
Possession (Present vs. Past)
Owning or holding something in the current moment (has) versus a completed time (had).
“He has a blue eyes.”
“He had a bicycle when he was ten.”
Auxiliary Verb (Perfect Tenses)
Used with a past participle to show completed actions relative to the present or another past point.
“She has finished her work.”
“She had finished her work before the boss arrived.”
Obligation (Have to)
Expressing necessity in the present (has to) or past (had to).
“He has to go to the doctor.”
“He had to leave early yesterday.”
Experience/Consumption
Used to describe eating, drinking, or undergoing an event.
“She has breakfast at 8 AM.”
“She had a terrible nightmare last night.”
Reference Table
| الفاعل | صيغة المضارع (الآن) | صيغة الماضي (حينها) | فعل مساعد (مضارع تام) | فعل مساعد (ماضي تام) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
I, You, We, They
|
have
|
had
|
have + V3
|
had + V3
|
|
He, She, It
|
has
|
had
|
has + V3
|
had + V3
|
|
اسم مفرد
|
has
|
had
|
has + V3
|
had + V3
|
|
اسم جمع
|
have
|
had
|
have + V3
|
had + V3
|
|
مثال: She
|
She has
|
She had
|
She has finished
|
She had finished
|
|
مثال: They
|
They have
|
They had
|
They have finished
|
They had finished
|
طيف الرسمية
The individual has a vehicle at his disposal. (Transportation)
He has a car. (Transportation)
He's got a car. (Transportation)
He's packin' a sweet ride. (Transportation)
Has مقابل Had: الزمن والفاعل
زمن المضارع ('Has')
- He has He owns
- She has She experiences
- It has It possesses
- اسم مفرد The cat has
زمن الماضي ('Had')
- I had I owned (past)
- You had You experienced (past)
- جميع الضمائر They had, She had, We had
Has مقابل Had: الفروقات الرئيسية
كيف تختار 'Has' أو 'Had'؟
هل الفعل أو الملكية تحدث الآن أو حقيقة عامة؟
مسار المضارع: هل الفاعل هو He، She، It، أو اسم مفرد؟
مسار الماضي: هل الفعل أو الملكية اكتملت في الماضي؟
قوى القواعد: Has و Had
قوة الحاضر (HAS)
- • الملكية الحالية
- • الأحداث الحالية
- • المضارع التام
- • He/She/It
قوة الماضي (HAD)
- • الملكية السابقة
- • الأحداث الماضية
- • الماضي التام
- • جميع الضمائر
دور مشترك
- • فعل 'To Have'
- • التعبير عن التجربة
أخطاء شائعة
- • خلط الأزمنة
- • نسيان قاعدة do/did
- • توافق الفاعل مع الفعل
أمثلة حسب المستوى
She has a big house.
She has a big house.
He has a brother.
He has a brother.
I had a sandwich for lunch.
I had a sandwich for lunch.
They had a party yesterday.
They had a party yesterday.
Does he have a pen? Yes, he has one.
Does he have a pen? Yes, he has one.
She hasn't got any money.
She hasn't got any money.
We had to wait for two hours.
We had to wait for two hours.
It has been a long day.
It has been a long day.
He has already seen that movie.
He has already seen that movie.
By the time I arrived, they had left.
By the time I arrived, they had left.
She has to finish the report by Friday.
She has to finish the report by Friday.
I realized I had forgotten my keys.
I realized I had forgotten my keys.
The company has been expanding rapidly this year.
The company has been expanding rapidly this year.
If he had studied harder, he would have passed.
If he had studied harder, he would have passed.
She had her car repaired last week.
She had her car repaired last week.
He has a tendency to speak too loudly.
He has a tendency to speak too loudly.
Had I known you were coming, I would have baked a cake.
Had I known you were coming, I would have baked a cake.
The government has yet to address the crisis.
The government has yet to address the crisis.
He had no sooner reached the door than it opened.
He had no sooner reached the door than it opened.
She has it in her to become a great leader.
She has it in her to become a great leader.
The witness has since retracted her statement.
The witness has since retracted her statement.
Whatever influence he had has now vanished.
Whatever influence he had has now vanished.
He had had a premonition of the disaster.
He had had a premonition of the disaster.
The city has seen better days.
The city has seen better days.
سهل الخلط
Both 'He has' and 'He is' contract to 'He's'. Learners often can't tell which is which.
Both 'I had' and 'I would' contract to 'I'd'.
Learners use 'has' for all subjects because it sounds more 'complete'.
أخطاء شائعة
I has a dog.
I have a dog.
Yesterday she has a cold.
Yesterday she had a cold.
He have a car.
He has a car.
She has 20 years old.
She is 20 years old.
He doesn't has a car.
He doesn't have a car.
Did you had lunch?
Did you have lunch?
Has he a pen?
Does he have a pen?
I had seen him yesterday.
I saw him yesterday.
She has finished it before I arrived.
She had finished it before I arrived.
He has lived here since two years.
He has lived here for two years.
If I has known...
If I had known...
I wish I have more time.
I wish I had more time.
أنماط الجُمل
She has a ___ in her ___.
He had already ___ when the ___ ___.
It has been ___ since ___.
Had I ___ , I would have ___.
Real World Usage
She has your charger.
My previous role had a lot of responsibility.
He has had a fever since last night.
Look what Sarah has just bought!
Does your bag have any liquids?
The Roman Empire had a vast road network.
فكر في 'الآن' مقابل 'حينها'
She has a meeting now.
لا تستخدم 'Has' بعد 'Do/Did'
Did she have a car?
اسمع المتحدثين الأصليين!
He has a point there.
الفرق بين البريطانية والأمريكية
She has got a new car.
Smart Tips
Immediately eliminate 'has'. These time markers require the past form 'had'.
The verb that follows must be 'have'. Never use 'has' or 'had' after 'do/does/did'.
Use 'had' for the event that happened first to make your storytelling clearer.
Check if there is a 'got' or a V3 verb. If so, it's 'has'. If it's an adjective or noun, it's 'is'.
النطق
Has Pronunciation
The 's' in 'has' is pronounced like a 'z'.
Had Pronunciation
The 'd' is a soft dental stop.
Contraction 's
When 'has' is contracted (He's), it sounds exactly like 'He is'. Context tells you which one it is.
Contraction 'd
When 'had' is contracted (I'd), the 'd' is very light and almost disappears before consonants.
Emphasis on Possession
She HAS a car (not just borrows one).
Stressing the verb to confirm ownership.
Emphasis on Past
I HAD a car (but I don't now).
Stressing 'had' to contrast with the present.
احفظها
وسيلة تذكّر
HAS is for He, Always Singular. HAD is for History, Always Done.
ربط بصري
Imagine a giant clock. The 'Has' hand is stuck on the current hour but only points to one person. The 'Had' hand can spin back to any time in the past and points to everyone.
Rhyme
When it's now and it's she, 'has' is what it needs to be. When it's then and it's they, 'had' is what you have to say.
Story
John HAS a golden ticket right now. He is very happy. But yesterday, he HAD nothing. He HAD to work hard to find the ticket that he now HAS.
Word Web
تحدٍّ
Write 3 sentences about what your best friend HAS in their bag right now, and 3 sentences about what they HAD for breakfast yesterday.
ملاحظات ثقافية
British speakers frequently use 'has got' instead of just 'has' for possession. It sounds more natural in casual UK speech.
Americans prefer the simple 'has' for possession and 'has to' for obligation. 'Gotten' is also used as the past participle of 'get', which can appear with 'has'.
In some dialects, 'done' is used with 'had' or 'has' to emphasize completion, or 'has' might be omitted in specific rapid speech patterns.
From Old English 'habban' (to have, hold, possess).
بدايات محادثة
What has been the best part of your week so far?
Tell me about a pet you had when you were a child.
Had you ever traveled abroad before you visited this country?
What is something your city has that other cities don't?
مواضيع للكتابة اليومية
أخطاء شائعة
Test Yourself
Score: /3
تمارين تطبيقية
8 exercisesBy the time the police arrived, the thief ___ already escaped.
My sister ___ a very busy schedule this week.
Find and fix the mistake:
He didn't had any money for the bus.
She has a headache.
1. He (Now), 2. They (Past), 3. It (Past), 4. She (Now)
A: Why is the floor wet? B: The dog ___ a bath.
A: He had a sandwich. B: He had finished his lunch.
___ she ever been to Paris before last year?
Score: /8
Practice Bank
13 exercisesThe company ___ a new CEO since last month.
Did you had a good breakfast this morning?
Choose the correct sentence:
ترجم إلى الإنجليزية: 'كان لديها سيارة زرقاء.'
رتب هذه الكلمات لتكوين جملة:
صل الضمائر بالصيغة الصحيحة:
By the time I arrived, they ___ already left for the party.
My neighbor has a old car which he bought ten years ago.
Choose the correct sentence:
ترجم إلى الإنجليزية: 'لديه خبرة كبيرة في ذلك المجال.'
رتب الكلمات لتكوين جملة:
صل الضمائر بالصيغة الصحيحة:
I wish I ___ known about the concert earlier.
Score: /13
الأسئلة الشائعة (8)
No. 'I' always uses 'have' in the present tense. 'Has' is strictly for he, she, it, or singular nouns.
Yes! In the past tense, 'I', 'you', 'he', 'she', 'it', 'we', and 'they' all use 'had'.
'Has been' is Present Perfect (started in past, continues now). 'Had been' is Past Perfect (happened before another past event).
Yes. The first 'has' is the helper, and the second 'had' is the main verb. It means he has possessed or experienced something recently.
In English questions, the auxiliary 'does' takes the third-person 's', so the main verb must stay in its base form 'have'.
Use 'had had' in the Past Perfect when the main verb is 'to have'. Example: 'I had had that car for ten years before it broke down.'
No, they are the same level of formality. The only difference is the subject they agree with.
No. It can mean 'ate' (had lunch), 'experienced' (had a dream), or act as a helper verb (had finished).
Scaffolded Practice
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2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Tiene / Había
Spanish has many more conjugations for each person, whereas English only has 'has' and 'had'.
A / Avait
French uses 'avoir' for age and hunger, where English uses 'to be'.
Hat / Hatte
German often uses the present perfect ('hat gehabt') in spoken language where English would use simple past 'had'.
Arimasu / Atta
Japanese does not have a separate word for 3rd person singular; the verb is the same for all subjects.
Indahu / Kana indahu
Arabic doesn't have a direct verb 'to have' in the same way English does.
Yǒu (有)
There is no conjugation at all in Chinese; 'has' and 'had' are the same word.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
فيديوهات ذات صلة
21:07 Bill Burr on Women for 20 minutes straight.
04:30 George's Parents Have Dinner With Susan's | The Rye | Seinfeld
12:43 Daily vlog 🍜🎀 cozy night, being productive, moving out, grocery, studying, aesthetic vlog
الفرق بين have , has , had - عمر عبد الرحيم
Omar Abdelrahim
شرح have / has / had في اللغة الانجليزية
ZAmericanEnglish
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