Has vs. Had: Qual é a diferença?
has para o presente (ele/ela) e o had para qualquer ação que já ficou no passado: presente e passado.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'has' for the present third-person singular (he/she/it) and 'had' for all past situations regardless of the subject.
- Use 'has' for current possession or actions with he, she, or it (e.g., She has a car).
- Use 'had' for any past possession or action for all subjects (e.g., They had a car).
- In compound tenses, 'has' forms the Present Perfect while 'had' forms the Past Perfect.
Overview
has e had é um passo fundamental para qualquer brasileiro que estuda inglês, especialmente no nível B1. Ambos derivam do verbo to have (ter), um dos verbos mais versáteis e comuns na língua inglesa. Dominar o uso correto desses termos é crucial não apenas para expressar posse ou experiências, mas também porque eles funcionam como verbos auxiliares essenciais na formação dos tempos perfeitos (perfect tenses).has e had reside no tempo verbal (presente vs. passado) e, no caso do presente simples, na concordância sujeito-verbo. Em português, nós conjugamos os verbos para todas as pessoas (eu tenho, ele tem, nós temos, eles têm).Has refere-se exclusivamente a ações ou estados no presente e é usado apenas com sujeitos na terceira pessoa do singular (ex: he - ele, she - ela, it - isto/ele/ela para coisas/animais, ou um nome próprio como Ana ou o gato). Por outro lado, had denota ações ou estados no passado e é aplicável a todos os sujeitos (I, you, he, she, it, we, they). Entender essa diferença fundamental é a chave para descrever com precisão as realidades atuais versus eventos passados, garantindo que suas frases reflitam exatamente a linha do tempo que você deseja comunicar.How This Grammar Works
has e had funcionam, precisamos lembrar que o verbo to have opera de duas maneiras principais: como um verbo principal (main verb) e como um verbo auxiliar (auxiliary verb). Ambos seguem essas distinções funcionais, mas suas formas são ditadas pelo tempo e pelo sujeito.To have como Verbo Principalto have geralmente corresponde ao nosso verbo ter ou possuir, mas também pode indicar experiências. Em português, a gente fala Eu tenho um carroou
Eu tive uma reunião. No inglês, usamos
has ou had dependendo do tempo e da pessoa.She has a new car. (Ela tem um carro novo.)We had a meeting yesterday. (Nós tivemos uma reunião ontem.)The house has a large garden. (A casa tem um jardim grande.)to + infinitivo. Ex: I had to finish my report. (Eu tive que terminar meu relatório.)ele tem e eles têm. Em inglês, a mudança é na grafia e pronúncia: he/she/it usam has. Todos os outros sujeitos (I, you, we, they) usam have. Essa concordância é vital.I | have | I have a phone. |You | have | You have a phone. |He/She/It | has | She has a phone. |We | have | We have phones. |You | have | You have phones. |They | have | They have phones. |eu tive, ele teve, nós tivemos, eles tiveram), o inglês usa apenas uma forma para o passado de to have: had. Isso vale para todas as pessoas.Ex: I had a dog. (Eu tive/tinha um cachorro.) / She had a dog. (Ela teve/tinha um cachorro.)
had universalmente sinaliza que a ação ou estado ocorreu em um ponto ou período definido no passado e já foi concluído.To have como Verbo Auxiliar (Tempos Perfeitos)Perfect Tenses), to have (nas formas have, has ou had) combina-se com um particípio passado (past participle - a terceira coluna dos verbos irregulares, como seen, gone, eaten, ou a forma -ed dos regulares).have/has + Particípio): É usado com a terceira pessoa do singular. Liga uma ação passada ao presente. Em português, muitas vezes traduzimos pelo Pretérito Perfeito Simples ou Composto (tem feito).He has finished his work. (Ele terminou/tem terminado o trabalho dele.) - A ação aconteceu no passado, mas o resultado é relevante agora (o trabalho está pronto).had + Particípio): É usado para todos os sujeitos. Indica uma ação que foi concluída *antes* de outra ação no passado. É o passado do passado. Corresponde muitas vezes ao nosso Pretérito Mais-que-perfeito (tinha feito, havia feito).She had already left when I arrived. (Ela já tinha saído quando eu cheguei.) - O ato de sair (had left) ocorreu antes do ato de chegar (arrived).
Formation Pattern
has e had envolve entender seus padrões de conjugação em frases afirmativas, negativas e interrogativas, tanto como verbo principal quanto auxiliar.
to have precisa de verbos auxiliares (do/does no presente, did no passado) para formar negativas e perguntas, assim como outros verbos normais.
does not) | Pergunta (usa Does) |
I, You, We, They | I have a map. | We do not have a map. | Do they have a map? |
He, She, It | She has a map. | He does not have a map. | Does it have a map? |
Ana) | Ana has a car. | The dog does not have a bone. | Does John have time? |
he/she/it), o verbo auxiliar does absorve a marcação da terceira pessoa. Por isso, has volta para a sua forma base have. É errado dizer He does not has ou Does she has. O correto é: He does not have. / Does she have? Tranquilo?
had para todos, mas precisamos do auxiliar did para negativas e perguntas.
did not) | Pergunta (usa Did) |
I, You, He, She, It, We, They) | They had a meeting. | I did not have fun. | Did she have an idea? |
Students) | The kids had lunch. | The birds did not have food. | Did they have tickets? |
had volta para a forma base have porque o auxiliar did já indica o passado. Dizer I did not had está errado. O correto é: I did not have. / Did you have? É tipo assim: o did já fez o trabalho do passado, o verbo principal descansa na forma base.
have, has ou had são os verbos auxiliares. Eles não precisam de do/does/did. Para negar, colocamos not depois deles. Para perguntar, invertemos o sujeito com eles.
has + Particípio Past - Terceira Pessoa do Singular)
has not / hasn't) | Pergunta (inverte Sujeito/Has) |
He, She, It, Singular Noun | She has studied. | He has not (hasn't) finished. | Has the bus arrived? |
The company has launched a new product.
My boss hasn't seen the report yet.
Has it stopped raining?
had + Particípio Past - Todos os Sujeitos)
had not / hadn't) | Pergunta (inverte Sujeito/Had) |
I, You, He, She, etc.) | They had eaten. | I had not (hadn't) noticed. | Had she left? |
By the time I called, he had already gone.
We hadn't prepared for the Uber delay.
Had they booked the table?
When To Use It
has e had depende inteiramente do contexto temporal e do papel gramatical que to have desempenha na frase. Vamos detalhar os cenários para você não errar mais.has (Foco no Presente)has em situações focadas no presente, sempre que o sujeito for he, she, it ou um substantivo singular (como o gerente, minha mãe, o iFood).My brother has a new smartphone. (Meu irmão tem um smartphone novo. Ele possui agora.)The iFood app has many restaurant options. (O app do iFood tem muitas opções de restaurantes. Uma característica atual.)She has blue eyes. (Ela tem olhos azuis. Uma característica física inerente.)He has a bad cold this week. (Ele está com um resfriado forte esta semana. Uma condição de saúde atual.)Every Monday, our team has a stand-up meeting. (Toda segunda-feira, nossa equipe tem uma reunião rápida. Um evento regular.)My neighbor's dog has difficulty sleeping at night. (O cachorro do meu vizinho tem dificuldade para dormir à noite. Uma experiência contínua.)The painter has finished the mural. (O pintor terminou o mural. A ação está concluída e o mural está pronto agora.)She has never visited Fortaleza. (Ela nunca visitou Fortaleza. Falando sobre a experiência de vida dela até o presente momento.)It has rained all day. (Choveu o dia todo. A chuva começou no passado e continua ou acabou de parar, afetando o estado atual.)to): Expressa uma necessidade atual.He has to attend the conference call now. (Ele tem que participar da teleconferência agora. É a obrigação atual dele.)had (Foco no Passado)had para cenários focados no passado, independentemente do sujeito (pode ser I, you, she, we, they, etc.).When I lived in São Paulo, I had a bicycle. (Quando eu morava em São Paulo, eu tinha uma bicicleta. Posse passada, não necessariamente aplicável agora.)The old building had a beautiful facade. (O prédio antigo tinha uma fachada bonita. Uma característica passada.)My grandparents had a farm. (Meus avós tinham uma fazenda. Uma propriedade passada.)We had a delicious dinner last night. (Nós tivemos um jantar delicioso ontem à noite. O jantar acabou.)She has a bad headache yesterday. (Ela teve uma forte dor de cabeça ontem. Foi no passado.)They had a great time at the Boteco. (Eles se divertiram muito no boteco. A experiência está concluída.)He had already eaten when I called. (Ele já tinha comido quando eu liguei. O ato de comer aconteceu antes do ato de ligar.)By the time we reached the cinema, the movie had started. (Quando chegamos ao cinema, o filme já tinha começado. O início do filme ocorreu antes da nossa chegada.)They finally understood what had happened. (Eles finalmente entenderam o que tinha acontecido. O evento ocorreu antes do entendimento deles.)to): Expressa uma necessidade passada.I had to work late yesterday. (Eu tive que trabalhar até tarde ontem. Foi uma obrigação passada.)
Common Mistakes
has e had devido à interferência do português (nossa L1). Olha só quais são os mais comuns para você evitá-los:has para he, she, it e usar have. Isso soa como Ele tenho ou Ela têm (singular).My boss have a lot of work.My boss has a lot of work.tem (3ª pessoa) é muito parecida com têm (plural, só muda o acento), enquanto have e has são mais distintos. A gente acostuma tanto com o have que esquece a exceção.had em Negativas e Perguntas (Passado):had para a forma base have quando já se usou o auxiliar did.I didn't had time. / Did you had a good time?I didn't have time. / Did you have a good time?Eu não *tive* time(passado) ou
Você *teve* um bom tempo?. Queremos traduzir o verbo principal no passado diretamente, esquecendo que no inglês é o auxiliar (
did) que faz esse trabalho.has e had como Auxiliares (Present Perfect vs. Past Perfect):has quando deveria usar had para o passado do passado ou vice-versa, especialmente em narrativas.I realized I has seen that movie before.I realized I had seen that movie before. (Ambos os eventos estão no passado, mas ver o filme aconteceu antes de perceber).had + particípio, não importa quem seja o sujeito.Tinha como has (Presente) em vez de had (Passado):eu tinha, ela tinha), que soa como algo contínuo. Brasileiros às vezes associam esse tinha ao presente por engano.When I was a kid, I has a dog.When I was a kid, I had a dog.When I *was*...). Sempre alinhe o tempo dos verbos na sua frase.Contrast With Similar Patterns
to have se comporta em relação a outros tempos verbais e ao português.He has a new job. | Has = Tem/Possui (Verbo principal indicando posse). |He has *started* a new job. | Has = Auxiliar (sem significado próprio, forma o Present Perfect com started). |He had a meeting yesterday. | Had = Teve (Verbo principal indicando experiência). |He had *finished* the meeting when I called. | Had = Auxiliar (sem significado próprio, forma o Past Perfect com finished). |There is a pizza on the table. | Não use has/had. Em inglês, posse requer um possuidor. Se quer dizer que algo existe, use There is/are (presente) ou There was/were (passado). |The restaurant has good reviews. | Use has/have porque o restaurante (sujeito) possui as avaliações. |There was an accident in the Uber. | Não use had. Use There was/were para ocorrências passadas. |Quick FAQ
have got em vez de has?have got (ou has got para a terceira pessoa) é extremamente comum para posse no presente. Ex: She has got a new phone é o mesmo que She has a new phone.She hasn't got a phone. Na pergunta: Has she got a phone?. É uma alternativa mais informal e soa bem natural.had significa tinha e quando significa teve?had. O contexto da sua frase e o que você quer dizer é que vão definir. Se você está narrando uma história sobre o que você possuía no passado, traduzimos como tinha (I had a car).teve (I had an exam yesterday). O importante é saber que é passado.He has to do it e He had to do it é a mesma coisa?He has to do it significa Ele tem que fazer isso(agora ou no futuro próximo, é uma obrigação atual).
He had to do it significa Ele teve/tinha que fazer isso(uma obrigação passada que já foi resolvida ou que ocorreu no passado).
has e had. Lembre-se: concordância na terceira pessoa do presente e consistência no passado. Pratique com exemplos do seu dia a dia, como no trabalho ou pedindo um delivery, e logo isso vai soar super natural para você. Bora praticar!Conjugation of 'To Have' (Present vs. Past)
| Subject | Present Tense | Past Tense | Present Perfect | Past Perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
have
|
had
|
have had
|
had had
|
|
You
|
have
|
had
|
have had
|
had had
|
|
He/She/It
|
has
|
had
|
has had
|
had had
|
|
We
|
have
|
had
|
have had
|
had had
|
|
They
|
have
|
had
|
have had
|
had had
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
He has
|
He's
|
He's got a car.
|
|
She has
|
She's
|
She's finished.
|
|
It has
|
It's
|
It's been raining.
|
|
I had
|
I'd
|
I'd already left.
|
|
You had
|
You'd
|
You'd better go.
|
|
They had
|
They'd
|
They'd seen it.
|
Meanings
Both words are forms of the verb 'to have,' used to indicate possession, experience, or as auxiliary verbs to form complex tenses.
Possession (Present vs. Past)
Owning or holding something in the current moment (has) versus a completed time (had).
“He has a blue eyes.”
“He had a bicycle when he was ten.”
Auxiliary Verb (Perfect Tenses)
Used with a past participle to show completed actions relative to the present or another past point.
“She has finished her work.”
“She had finished her work before the boss arrived.”
Obligation (Have to)
Expressing necessity in the present (has to) or past (had to).
“He has to go to the doctor.”
“He had to leave early yesterday.”
Experience/Consumption
Used to describe eating, drinking, or undergoing an event.
“She has breakfast at 8 AM.”
“She had a terrible nightmare last night.”
Reference Table
| Sujeito | Forma Presente (agora) | Forma Passado (antes) | Auxiliar (Present Perfect) | Auxiliar (Past Perfect) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
I, You, We, They
|
have
|
had
|
have + V3
|
had + V3
|
|
He, She, It
|
has
|
had
|
has + V3
|
had + V3
|
|
Substantivo Singular
|
has
|
had
|
has + V3
|
had + V3
|
|
Substantivo Plural
|
have
|
had
|
have + V3
|
had + V3
|
|
Exemplo: She
|
She has
|
She had
|
She has finished
|
She had finished
|
|
Exemplo: They
|
They have
|
They had
|
They have finished
|
They had finished
|
Espectro de formalidade
The individual has a vehicle at his disposal. (Transportation)
He has a car. (Transportation)
He's got a car. (Transportation)
He's packin' a sweet ride. (Transportation)
Has vs. Had: Tempo e Sujeito
Tempo Presente ('Has')
- He has He owns
- She has She experiences
- It has It possesses
- Nome Singular The cat has
Tempo Passado ('Had')
- I had I owned (past)
- You had You experienced (past)
- Todos os Sujeitos They had, She had, We had
Has vs. Had: Principais Diferenças
Escolhendo entre 'Has' ou 'Had'
A ação/posse está acontecendo AGORA ou é sempre verdade?
Caminho Presente: O sujeito é HE, SHE, IT ou singular?
Caminho Passado: A ação/posse foi concluída no passado?
Superpoderes Gramaticais: Has & Had
Poder do Presente (HAS)
- • Posse Atual
- • Eventos Atuais
- • Present Perfect
- • He/She/It
Poder do Passado (HAD)
- • Posse Passada
- • Eventos Passados
- • Past Perfect
- • Todos os Sujeitos
Papel Compartilhado
- • Verbo 'To Have'
- • Expressar Experiência
Erros Comuns
- • Misturar Tempos
- • Esquecer regra do do/did
- • Concordância com Has
Exemplos por nível
She has a big house.
She has a big house.
He has a brother.
He has a brother.
I had a sandwich for lunch.
I had a sandwich for lunch.
They had a party yesterday.
They had a party yesterday.
Does he have a pen? Yes, he has one.
Does he have a pen? Yes, he has one.
She hasn't got any money.
She hasn't got any money.
We had to wait for two hours.
We had to wait for two hours.
It has been a long day.
It has been a long day.
He has already seen that movie.
He has already seen that movie.
By the time I arrived, they had left.
By the time I arrived, they had left.
She has to finish the report by Friday.
She has to finish the report by Friday.
I realized I had forgotten my keys.
I realized I had forgotten my keys.
The company has been expanding rapidly this year.
The company has been expanding rapidly this year.
If he had studied harder, he would have passed.
If he had studied harder, he would have passed.
She had her car repaired last week.
She had her car repaired last week.
He has a tendency to speak too loudly.
He has a tendency to speak too loudly.
Had I known you were coming, I would have baked a cake.
Had I known you were coming, I would have baked a cake.
The government has yet to address the crisis.
The government has yet to address the crisis.
He had no sooner reached the door than it opened.
He had no sooner reached the door than it opened.
She has it in her to become a great leader.
She has it in her to become a great leader.
The witness has since retracted her statement.
The witness has since retracted her statement.
Whatever influence he had has now vanished.
Whatever influence he had has now vanished.
He had had a premonition of the disaster.
He had had a premonition of the disaster.
The city has seen better days.
The city has seen better days.
Fácil de confundir
Both 'He has' and 'He is' contract to 'He's'. Learners often can't tell which is which.
Both 'I had' and 'I would' contract to 'I'd'.
Learners use 'has' for all subjects because it sounds more 'complete'.
Erros comuns
I has a dog.
I have a dog.
Yesterday she has a cold.
Yesterday she had a cold.
He have a car.
He has a car.
She has 20 years old.
She is 20 years old.
He doesn't has a car.
He doesn't have a car.
Did you had lunch?
Did you have lunch?
Has he a pen?
Does he have a pen?
I had seen him yesterday.
I saw him yesterday.
She has finished it before I arrived.
She had finished it before I arrived.
He has lived here since two years.
He has lived here for two years.
If I has known...
If I had known...
I wish I have more time.
I wish I had more time.
Padrões de frases
She has a ___ in her ___.
He had already ___ when the ___ ___.
It has been ___ since ___.
Had I ___ , I would have ___.
Real World Usage
She has your charger.
My previous role had a lot of responsibility.
He has had a fever since last night.
Look what Sarah has just bought!
Does your bag have any liquids?
The Roman Empire had a vast road network.
Pense em 'Agora' vs 'Antes'
has com o presente e o had com o passado. She has a lot of work today.
Nada de 'Has' após 'Do/Did'
do, does e did já mandam no tempo verbal. Então diga: Does she have any siblings?
Escute os Nativos!
had para falar de experiências que já acabaram. We had so much fun yesterday.
O toque britânico com 'Got'
has got para falar de posse de um jeito natural. He has got a cold.
Smart Tips
Immediately eliminate 'has'. These time markers require the past form 'had'.
The verb that follows must be 'have'. Never use 'has' or 'had' after 'do/does/did'.
Use 'had' for the event that happened first to make your storytelling clearer.
Check if there is a 'got' or a V3 verb. If so, it's 'has'. If it's an adjective or noun, it's 'is'.
Pronúncia
Has Pronunciation
The 's' in 'has' is pronounced like a 'z'.
Had Pronunciation
The 'd' is a soft dental stop.
Contraction 's
When 'has' is contracted (He's), it sounds exactly like 'He is'. Context tells you which one it is.
Contraction 'd
When 'had' is contracted (I'd), the 'd' is very light and almost disappears before consonants.
Emphasis on Possession
She HAS a car (not just borrows one).
Stressing the verb to confirm ownership.
Emphasis on Past
I HAD a car (but I don't now).
Stressing 'had' to contrast with the present.
Memorize
Mnemônico
HAS is for He, Always Singular. HAD is for History, Always Done.
Associação visual
Imagine a giant clock. The 'Has' hand is stuck on the current hour but only points to one person. The 'Had' hand can spin back to any time in the past and points to everyone.
Rhyme
When it's now and it's she, 'has' is what it needs to be. When it's then and it's they, 'had' is what you have to say.
Story
John HAS a golden ticket right now. He is very happy. But yesterday, he HAD nothing. He HAD to work hard to find the ticket that he now HAS.
Word Web
Desafio
Write 3 sentences about what your best friend HAS in their bag right now, and 3 sentences about what they HAD for breakfast yesterday.
Notas culturais
British speakers frequently use 'has got' instead of just 'has' for possession. It sounds more natural in casual UK speech.
Americans prefer the simple 'has' for possession and 'has to' for obligation. 'Gotten' is also used as the past participle of 'get', which can appear with 'has'.
In some dialects, 'done' is used with 'had' or 'has' to emphasize completion, or 'has' might be omitted in specific rapid speech patterns.
From Old English 'habban' (to have, hold, possess).
Iniciadores de conversa
What has been the best part of your week so far?
Tell me about a pet you had when you were a child.
Had you ever traveled abroad before you visited this country?
What is something your city has that other cities don't?
Temas para diário
Erros comuns
Test Yourself
My phone ___ a new update available.
Find and fix the mistake:
Yesterday, we has a great time at the park.
Choose the correct sentence:
Score: /3
Exercicios praticos
8 exercisesBy the time the police arrived, the thief ___ already escaped.
My sister ___ a very busy schedule this week.
Find and fix the mistake:
He didn't had any money for the bus.
She has a headache.
1. He (Now), 2. They (Past), 3. It (Past), 4. She (Now)
A: Why is the floor wet? B: The dog ___ a bath.
A: He had a sandwich. B: He had finished his lunch.
___ she ever been to Paris before last year?
Score: /8
Practice Bank
13 exercisesThe company ___ a new CEO since last month.
Did you had a good breakfast this morning?
Escolha a frase certa:
Traduza para o inglês: 'Ela tinha um carro azul.'
Ordene as palavras:
Combine os pronomes com a forma correta no presente:
By the time I arrived, they ___ already left for the party.
My neighbor has a old car which he bought ten years ago.
Escolha a frase correta:
Traduza: 'Ele tem muita experiência nesse campo.'
Monte a frase:
Combine os pronomes com a forma de passado:
I wish I ___ known about the concert earlier.
Score: /13
Perguntas frequentes (8)
No. 'I' always uses 'have' in the present tense. 'Has' is strictly for he, she, it, or singular nouns.
Yes! In the past tense, 'I', 'you', 'he', 'she', 'it', 'we', and 'they' all use 'had'.
'Has been' is Present Perfect (started in past, continues now). 'Had been' is Past Perfect (happened before another past event).
Yes. The first 'has' is the helper, and the second 'had' is the main verb. It means he has possessed or experienced something recently.
In English questions, the auxiliary 'does' takes the third-person 's', so the main verb must stay in its base form 'have'.
Use 'had had' in the Past Perfect when the main verb is 'to have'. Example: 'I had had that car for ten years before it broke down.'
No, they are the same level of formality. The only difference is the subject they agree with.
No. It can mean 'ate' (had lunch), 'experienced' (had a dream), or act as a helper verb (had finished).
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Tiene / Había
Spanish has many more conjugations for each person, whereas English only has 'has' and 'had'.
A / Avait
French uses 'avoir' for age and hunger, where English uses 'to be'.
Hat / Hatte
German often uses the present perfect ('hat gehabt') in spoken language where English would use simple past 'had'.
Arimasu / Atta
Japanese does not have a separate word for 3rd person singular; the verb is the same for all subjects.
Indahu / Kana indahu
Arabic doesn't have a direct verb 'to have' in the same way English does.
Yǒu (有)
There is no conjugation at all in Chinese; 'has' and 'had' are the same word.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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Dialeto vs. Língua: Qual é a diferença?
### Overview Definir a fronteira exata entre uma `language` (língua/idioma) e um `dialect` (dialeto) é um dos desafios...
Nowadays vs. Now-a-days: Qual é a diferença?
### Overview A língua inglesa, assim como o nosso português brasileiro, é um organismo vivo que está em constante evolu...
Let them vs. Let they: Qual é a diferença?
### Overview Olha só, vamos falar sobre um erro que acontece muito com quem está aprendendo inglês: a confusão entre `l...
Quite vs. Quiet: Qual é a diferença?
### Overview No dia a dia de quem estuda inglês, é muito comum nos depararmos com palavras que parecem gêmeas, mas que...
Said vs. Told: Qual é a diferença?
### Overview Dominar a diferença entre `said` e `told` é um dos grandes marcos para quem está no nível intermediário (B...
