Has در مقابل Had: تفاوت چیست؟
has و برای هر چیزی که در گذشته تموم شده از had استفاده کن.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'has' for the present third-person singular (he/she/it) and 'had' for all past situations regardless of the subject.
- Use 'has' for current possession or actions with he, she, or it (e.g., She has a car).
- Use 'had' for any past possession or action for all subjects (e.g., They had a car).
- In compound tenses, 'has' forms the Present Perfect while 'had' forms the Past Perfect.
مرور کلی
has و had از ریشه فعل to have مشتق شدهاند. برای ما فارسیزبانان، درک این دو واژه بسیار مهم است، زیرا در فارسی ما فعل «داشتن» را داریم که در زمانهای مختلف با تغییر ریشه (دار/داشت) صرف میشود، اما در انگلیسی، این تغییرات به دلیل قواعد «توافق فاعل و فعل» (Subject-Verb Agreement) پیچیدگیهای خاص خود را دارد. در فارسی، وقتی میگوییم «او کتاب دارد» یا «من کتاب دارم»، فعل «داشتن» برای فاعلهای مختلف تغییرات آوایی محدودی دارد، اما در انگلیسی، has فقط مختص سومشخص مفرد (he, she, it) در زمان حال ساده است.had شکل گذشته این فعل است که برای همه فاعلها یکسان به کار میرود. این تفاوت برای فارسیزبانان که عادت به صرف فعل بر اساس شخص دارند، میتواند در ابتدا گیجکننده باشد. درک تفاوت این دو نه تنها برای بیان مالکیت، بلکه برای ساختن زمانهای کامل (Perfect Tenses) که در انگلیسی بسیار پرکاربرد هستند، حیاتی است.has و had هم به عنوان فعل اصلی (نشاندهنده مالکیت یا تجربه) و هم به عنوان فعل کمکی (برای ساختن زمانهای کامل) عمل میکنند. اگر شما به عنوان یک فارسیزبان بخواهید در یک محیط کاری یا در یک گفتگوی دوستانه در کافههای تهران درباره گذشته خود صحبت کنید یا تجربیات خود را شرح دهید، باید بدانید چه زمانی از has برای زمان حال و چه زمانی از had برای گذشته استفاده کنید. عدم تسلط بر این تفاوت باعث میشود جملات شما از نظر زمانی مبهم به نظر برسند و شنونده انگلیسیزبان نتواند تشخیص دهد که آیا موضوع مربوط به حال حاضر است یا رویدادی است که در گذشته به پایان رسیده است.to have در انگلیسی دو نقش اصلی دارد: ۱. فعل اصلی (Main Verb) ۲. فعل کمکی (Auxiliary Verb).has و had نشاندهنده مالکیت، تجربه یا ضرورت هستند. برای مثال، وقتی میگویید She has a car (او یک ماشین دارد)، از has استفاده میکنید چون فاعل سومشخص مفرد است. در فارسی، ما معادل «داشتن» را داریم، اما در انگلیسی باید به یاد داشته باشید که has فقط در زمان حال ساده برای he, she, it به کار میرود.do/does/did به عنوان فعل کمکی، فعل اصلی همیشه به شکل پایه یعنی have برمیگردد. این یکی از بزرگترین چالشها برای فارسیزبانان است؛ چون ما تمایل داریم بگوییم He does not has که از نظر دستوری کاملاً اشتباه است و باید بگوییم He does not have.has و had برای ساختن زمانهای کامل به کار میروند. has در زمان حال کامل (Present Perfect) با اسم مفعول (Past Participle) میآید تا ارتباطی بین گذشته و حال برقرار کند. مثلاً She has finished her exam (او امتحانش را تمام کرده است).has نشان میدهد که عمل در گذشته انجام شده اما اثرش در زمان حال باقی است. از طرف دیگر، had در زمان گذشته کامل (Past Perfect) به کار میرود تا تقدم و تأخر دو رویداد در گذشته را نشان دهد. مثلاً I had eaten before he arrived (قبل از اینکه او برسد، من غذا خورده بودم).had به ما میگوید که عمل خوردن قبل از عمل رسیدن رخ داده است. این ساختار در فارسی معمولاً با «ماضی بعید» (خورده بودم) معادلسازی میشود. درک این تفاوتها به شما کمک میکند تا دقیقتر صحبت کنید و از اشتباهات رایج جلوگیری کنید.has و had به شکل پایه have برمیگردند. این به دلیل حضور فعل کمکی do, does یا did است که بارِ زمانی و شخص را به دوش میکشند.has و had بستگی به زمان وقوع عمل و فاعل جمله دارد. از has زمانی استفاده میکنیم که اولاً زمان جمله «حال» باشد و ثانیاً فاعل جمله «سومشخص مفرد» (او/آن) باشد. مثلاً در محیط دانشگاه، وقتی میخواهید بگویید استاد شما تکالیف زیادی میدهد، میگویید: My professor has a lot of assignments.professor سومشخص است، از has استفاده میکنیم. همچنین برای بیان تجربه، مثلاً She has a headache (او سردرد دارد).had برای دو موقعیت اصلی استفاده میکنیم: اول برای بیان مالکیت یا تجربه در گذشته؛ مثلاً وقتی درباره دوران کودکی یا نوروز سال گذشته صحبت میکنید: We had a great party for Nowruz (ما برای نوروز مهمانی عالیای داشتیم). دوم برای زمان گذشته کامل که برای نشان دادن توالی رویدادها در داستانسرایی بسیار کاربردی است. مثلاً اگر در یک تاکسی هستید و میخواهید بگویید قبل از اینکه سوار تاکسی شوید، بلیط خریده بودید، میگویید: I had bought the ticket before I got in the taxi.had bought نشاندهنده عملی است که پیش از یک عمل دیگر در گذشته انجام شده است. استفاده صحیح از این زمانها، زبان شما را از سطح مبتدی به سطح حرفهای و دقیق (B1/B2) ارتقا میدهد.- 1اشتباه در منفیسازی: فارسیزبانان اغلب میگویند
He does not has a car. این به دلیل تداخل زبان مادری است؛ در فارسی ما «دارد» را به «ندارد» تبدیل میکنیم و فاعل تغییر نمیکند. اما در انگلیسی، وقتیdoesوارد جمله میشود، فعلhasباید بهhaveبرگردد. - 2استفاده از
hadدر زمان حال: برخی زبانآموزان به اشتباهhadرا برای همه زمانها استفاده میکنند چون در فارسی «داشت» ریشه اصلی است. مثلاً میگویندI had a pen nowکه کاملاً اشتباه است. باید بگوییدI have a pen now. - 3فراموش کردن فعل کمکی: فارسیزبانان تمایل دارند فاعل را حذف کنند (چون فارسی Pro-drop است). در زمانهای کامل، گاهی
hasیاhadرا فراموش میکنند. مثلاً میگویندShe finished her workبه جایShe has finished her work. این باعث میشود تفاوت بین زمان گذشته ساده و حال کامل از بین برود.
has و had در زمان و نقش آنهاست. در جدول زیر مقایسهای بین کاربرد آنها صورت گرفته است:- 1آیا میتوانم بگویم
He did not had؟
did در جمله میآید، فعل اصلی باید به شکل پایه یعنی have باشد. شکل صحیح: He did not have.- 1تفاوت
He has eatenباHe had eatenچیست؟
He has eaten یعنی او غذا خورده است (اثرش در زمان حال باقی است). He had eaten یعنی او غذا خورده بود (قبل از یک اتفاق دیگر در گذشته).- 1آیا برای
Iمیتوانم ازhasاستفاده کنم؟
has صرفاً برای سومشخص مفرد (he, she, it) در زمان حال به کار میرود. برای I همیشه از have استفاده میکنیم.Conjugation of 'To Have' (Present vs. Past)
| Subject | Present Tense | Past Tense | Present Perfect | Past Perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
have
|
had
|
have had
|
had had
|
|
You
|
have
|
had
|
have had
|
had had
|
|
He/She/It
|
has
|
had
|
has had
|
had had
|
|
We
|
have
|
had
|
have had
|
had had
|
|
They
|
have
|
had
|
have had
|
had had
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
He has
|
He's
|
He's got a car.
|
|
She has
|
She's
|
She's finished.
|
|
It has
|
It's
|
It's been raining.
|
|
I had
|
I'd
|
I'd already left.
|
|
You had
|
You'd
|
You'd better go.
|
|
They had
|
They'd
|
They'd seen it.
|
Meanings
Both words are forms of the verb 'to have,' used to indicate possession, experience, or as auxiliary verbs to form complex tenses.
Possession (Present vs. Past)
Owning or holding something in the current moment (has) versus a completed time (had).
“He has a blue eyes.”
“He had a bicycle when he was ten.”
Auxiliary Verb (Perfect Tenses)
Used with a past participle to show completed actions relative to the present or another past point.
“She has finished her work.”
“She had finished her work before the boss arrived.”
Obligation (Have to)
Expressing necessity in the present (has to) or past (had to).
“He has to go to the doctor.”
“He had to leave early yesterday.”
Experience/Consumption
Used to describe eating, drinking, or undergoing an event.
“She has breakfast at 8 AM.”
“She had a terrible nightmare last night.”
Reference Table
| فاعل | زمان حال (الان) | زمان گذشته (اونموقع) | فعل کمکی (حال کامل) | فعل کمکی (گذشته کامل) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
I, You, We, They
|
have
|
had
|
have + V3
|
had + V3
|
|
He, She, It
|
has
|
had
|
has + V3
|
had + V3
|
|
اسم مفرد
|
has
|
had
|
has + V3
|
had + V3
|
|
اسم جمع
|
have
|
had
|
have + V3
|
had + V3
|
|
مثال: She
|
She has
|
She had
|
She has finished
|
She had finished
|
|
مثال: They
|
They have
|
They had
|
They have finished
|
They had finished
|
طیف رسمیت
The individual has a vehicle at his disposal. (Transportation)
He has a car. (Transportation)
He's got a car. (Transportation)
He's packin' a sweet ride. (Transportation)
Has vs. Had: زمان و فاعل
زمان حال ('Has')
- He has He owns
- She has She experiences
- It has It possesses
- اسم مفرد The cat has
زمان گذشته ('Had')
- I had I owned (past)
- You had You experienced (past)
- همه فاعلها They had, She had, We had
Has vs. Had: تفاوتهای کلیدی
انتخاب بین 'Has' یا 'Had'
آیا اتفاق همین الان داره میفته یا کلاً درسته؟
مسیر حال: آیا فاعل He, She, It یا اسم مفرده؟
مسیر گذشته: آیا اتفاق در گذشته تموم شده؟
قدرتهای گرامری: Has و Had
قدرت حال (HAS)
- • مالکیت فعلی
- • اتفاقات الان
- • حال کامل
- • مخصوص He/She/It
قدرت گذشته (HAD)
- • مالکیت قدیمی
- • اتفاقات تمام شده
- • گذشته کامل
- • برای همه فاعلها
نقش مشترک
- • ریشه فعل To Have
- • بیان تجربهها
اشتباهات رایج
- • قاطی کردن زمانها
- • فراموشی قانون do/did
- • تطابق فاعل و فعل
مثالها بر اساس سطح
She has a big house.
She has a big house.
He has a brother.
He has a brother.
I had a sandwich for lunch.
I had a sandwich for lunch.
They had a party yesterday.
They had a party yesterday.
Does he have a pen? Yes, he has one.
Does he have a pen? Yes, he has one.
She hasn't got any money.
She hasn't got any money.
We had to wait for two hours.
We had to wait for two hours.
It has been a long day.
It has been a long day.
He has already seen that movie.
He has already seen that movie.
By the time I arrived, they had left.
By the time I arrived, they had left.
She has to finish the report by Friday.
She has to finish the report by Friday.
I realized I had forgotten my keys.
I realized I had forgotten my keys.
The company has been expanding rapidly this year.
The company has been expanding rapidly this year.
If he had studied harder, he would have passed.
If he had studied harder, he would have passed.
She had her car repaired last week.
She had her car repaired last week.
He has a tendency to speak too loudly.
He has a tendency to speak too loudly.
Had I known you were coming, I would have baked a cake.
Had I known you were coming, I would have baked a cake.
The government has yet to address the crisis.
The government has yet to address the crisis.
He had no sooner reached the door than it opened.
He had no sooner reached the door than it opened.
She has it in her to become a great leader.
She has it in her to become a great leader.
The witness has since retracted her statement.
The witness has since retracted her statement.
Whatever influence he had has now vanished.
Whatever influence he had has now vanished.
He had had a premonition of the disaster.
He had had a premonition of the disaster.
The city has seen better days.
The city has seen better days.
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Both 'He has' and 'He is' contract to 'He's'. Learners often can't tell which is which.
Both 'I had' and 'I would' contract to 'I'd'.
Learners use 'has' for all subjects because it sounds more 'complete'.
اشتباهات رایج
I has a dog.
I have a dog.
Yesterday she has a cold.
Yesterday she had a cold.
He have a car.
He has a car.
She has 20 years old.
She is 20 years old.
He doesn't has a car.
He doesn't have a car.
Did you had lunch?
Did you have lunch?
Has he a pen?
Does he have a pen?
I had seen him yesterday.
I saw him yesterday.
She has finished it before I arrived.
She had finished it before I arrived.
He has lived here since two years.
He has lived here for two years.
If I has known...
If I had known...
I wish I have more time.
I wish I had more time.
الگوهای جملهسازی
She has a ___ in her ___.
He had already ___ when the ___ ___.
It has been ___ since ___.
Had I ___ , I would have ___.
Real World Usage
She has your charger.
My previous role had a lot of responsibility.
He has had a fever since last night.
Look what Sarah has just bought!
Does your bag have any liquids?
The Roman Empire had a vast road network.
الان یا اونموقع؟
has رو با زمان حال (الان) و had رو با گذشته (اونموقع) ست کن. She has a meeting now.
تلهی Do و Did
Did he have a car?
به نیتیوها گوش بده
He had a great time.
مدل بریتانیایی
She has got a new job.
Smart Tips
Immediately eliminate 'has'. These time markers require the past form 'had'.
The verb that follows must be 'have'. Never use 'has' or 'had' after 'do/does/did'.
Use 'had' for the event that happened first to make your storytelling clearer.
Check if there is a 'got' or a V3 verb. If so, it's 'has'. If it's an adjective or noun, it's 'is'.
تلفظ
Has Pronunciation
The 's' in 'has' is pronounced like a 'z'.
Had Pronunciation
The 'd' is a soft dental stop.
Contraction 's
When 'has' is contracted (He's), it sounds exactly like 'He is'. Context tells you which one it is.
Contraction 'd
When 'had' is contracted (I'd), the 'd' is very light and almost disappears before consonants.
Emphasis on Possession
She HAS a car (not just borrows one).
Stressing the verb to confirm ownership.
Emphasis on Past
I HAD a car (but I don't now).
Stressing 'had' to contrast with the present.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
HAS is for He, Always Singular. HAD is for History, Always Done.
تداعی تصویری
Imagine a giant clock. The 'Has' hand is stuck on the current hour but only points to one person. The 'Had' hand can spin back to any time in the past and points to everyone.
Rhyme
When it's now and it's she, 'has' is what it needs to be. When it's then and it's they, 'had' is what you have to say.
Story
John HAS a golden ticket right now. He is very happy. But yesterday, he HAD nothing. He HAD to work hard to find the ticket that he now HAS.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Write 3 sentences about what your best friend HAS in their bag right now, and 3 sentences about what they HAD for breakfast yesterday.
نکات فرهنگی
British speakers frequently use 'has got' instead of just 'has' for possession. It sounds more natural in casual UK speech.
Americans prefer the simple 'has' for possession and 'has to' for obligation. 'Gotten' is also used as the past participle of 'get', which can appear with 'has'.
In some dialects, 'done' is used with 'had' or 'has' to emphasize completion, or 'has' might be omitted in specific rapid speech patterns.
From Old English 'habban' (to have, hold, possess).
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
What has been the best part of your week so far?
Tell me about a pet you had when you were a child.
Had you ever traveled abroad before you visited this country?
What is something your city has that other cities don't?
موضوعات نگارش
اشتباهات رایج
Test Yourself
My phone ___ a new update available.
Find and fix the mistake:
Yesterday, we has a great time at the park.
Choose the correct sentence:
Score: /3
تمرینهای عملی
8 exercisesBy the time the police arrived, the thief ___ already escaped.
My sister ___ a very busy schedule this week.
Find and fix the mistake:
He didn't had any money for the bus.
She has a headache.
1. He (Now), 2. They (Past), 3. It (Past), 4. She (Now)
A: Why is the floor wet? B: The dog ___ a bath.
A: He had a sandwich. B: He had finished his lunch.
___ she ever been to Paris before last year?
Score: /8
Practice Bank
13 exercisesThe company ___ a new CEO since last month.
Did you had a good breakfast this morning?
Choose the correct sentence:
ترجمه کن: 'اون (زن) یک ماشین آبی داشت.'
کلمات رو مرتب کن:
فاعلها رو به شکل درست فعل در زمان حال وصل کن:
By the time I arrived, they ___ already left for the party.
My neighbor has a old car which he bought ten years ago.
کدوم جمله درسته؟
ترجمه کن: 'او تجربه زیادی در آن زمینه دارد.'
کلمات رو مرتب کن:
فاعلها رو به شکل درست فعل در زمان گذشته وصل کن:
I wish I ___ known about the concert earlier.
Score: /13
سوالات متداول (8)
No. 'I' always uses 'have' in the present tense. 'Has' is strictly for he, she, it, or singular nouns.
Yes! In the past tense, 'I', 'you', 'he', 'she', 'it', 'we', and 'they' all use 'had'.
'Has been' is Present Perfect (started in past, continues now). 'Had been' is Past Perfect (happened before another past event).
Yes. The first 'has' is the helper, and the second 'had' is the main verb. It means he has possessed or experienced something recently.
In English questions, the auxiliary 'does' takes the third-person 's', so the main verb must stay in its base form 'have'.
Use 'had had' in the Past Perfect when the main verb is 'to have'. Example: 'I had had that car for ten years before it broke down.'
No, they are the same level of formality. The only difference is the subject they agree with.
No. It can mean 'ate' (had lunch), 'experienced' (had a dream), or act as a helper verb (had finished).
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Tiene / Había
Spanish has many more conjugations for each person, whereas English only has 'has' and 'had'.
A / Avait
French uses 'avoir' for age and hunger, where English uses 'to be'.
Hat / Hatte
German often uses the present perfect ('hat gehabt') in spoken language where English would use simple past 'had'.
Arimasu / Atta
Japanese does not have a separate word for 3rd person singular; the verb is the same for all subjects.
Indahu / Kana indahu
Arabic doesn't have a direct verb 'to have' in the same way English does.
Yǒu (有)
There is no conjugation at all in Chinese; 'has' and 'had' are the same word.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
ویدیوهای مرتبط
Related Grammar Rules
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### Overview تعیین مرز دقیق میان یک «زبان» (`language`) و یک «گویش» (`dialect`) یکی از چالشبرانگیزترین و در عین حال جذ...
Nowadays در مقابل Now-a-days: تفاوت چیست؟
### Overview زبانها موجوداتی زنده و در حال تغییر هستند و به مرور زمان، شکل پذیرفتهشدهی کلمات نیز تکامل مییابد. یکی ا...
Let them در مقابل Let they: تفاوت چیست؟
### Overview تفاوت بین `let them` و `let they` یکی از مبانی اصلی دستور زبان انگلیسی است که مستقیماً با نحوه صحیح استفاد...
Quite در مقابل Quiet: تفاوت چیست؟
### Overview یادگیری زبان انگلیسی برای ما فارسیزبانان، به دلیل تفاوتهای ساختاری عمیق بین زبان فارسی و انگلیسی، همواره...
Said در مقابل Told: تفاوت چیست؟
### Overview یادگیری تفاوت بین افعال `say` و `tell` یکی از چالشهای همیشگی زبانآموزان ایرانی در سطح متوسط (B1) است. در...
