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B2 noun #8,000 الأكثر شيوعاً 7 دقيقة للقراءة

推敲

suiko الأكثر شيوعاً #8,000

تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح 推敲 في 30 ثانية

الشرح 推敲 in your Level:

At the A1 level, '推敲' (suikou) is a very difficult word. You don't need to use it yet. Instead, you usually learn words like 'kakimasu' (write) or 'naoshimasu' (fix). Think of 'suikou' as 'making writing very, very good'. Imagine you write a letter to a friend. First, you write it. Then, you look at it and change some words to make it sound nicer. That second part is what 'suikou' means. In English, we might just say 'checking' or 'fixing', but this word is special for writing stories or important school papers. You will mostly see this word in books, not in daily talking with friends. It is like a 'level up' for your writing skills. Even if you don't use it, knowing it exists helps you understand that Japanese people value careful writing very much. For now, just remember: Suikou = Polishing words.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the A2 level, you are starting to write longer sentences and simple essays. '推敲' (suikou) is a word you might see in a textbook about writing. It means to 'refine' your work. When you finish a draft of a self-introduction, and you go back to change 'desu' to something more interesting, you are doing a simple version of 'suikou'. The word is a noun, but you can say 'suikou suru' to make it an action. It's much more formal than 'naosu'. If you tell your teacher, 'I fixed my homework,' you say 'naoshimashita'. But if you are talking about a poem you wrote, 'suikou shimashita' sounds much better. It shows you care about the beauty of the language. It comes from an old story about a poet choosing between two words. This tells us that 'suikou' is about making choices to make writing perfect.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the B1 level, you should begin to recognize '推敲' (suikou) in academic or professional contexts. This word is essential when discussing the process of writing reports or essays. It specifically refers to the stage after the first draft is finished. It's not just about fixing grammar errors (that's 'kousei'); it's about improving the flow, the choice of vocabulary, and the overall impact of the text. You will often see the phrase 'suikou o kasaneru,' which means to polish something over and over again. This reflects the Japanese value of 'monozukuri' (craftsmanship), but applied to words. When you are preparing for a speech or writing a letter of motivation for a job, you should 'suikou' your draft multiple times. Using this word in your own Japanese writing shows that you have reached an intermediate level of linguistic awareness.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the B2 level, '推敲' (suikou) is a key vocabulary item. You are expected to understand its specific nuance compared to 'shousei' (correction) or 'tensaku' (correction by others). 'Suikou' is an internal, creative process. It is the hallmark of a serious writer or a dedicated professional. The word carries a literary and slightly formal tone. In a B2 level essay, you might discuss the importance of 'suikou' in the digital age, or how AI tools are changing the way we 'suikou' our work. You should be comfortable using it as a suru-verb (推敲する) and as a noun (推敲の過程 - the process of refinement). Understanding the etymology (the 'push or knock' story) is also helpful at this level, as it is a common piece of cultural knowledge in Japan that explains why the word uses those specific kanji.

At the C1 level, you should use '推敲' (suikou) with precision and understand its place within the broader category of editorial terms. You should be able to distinguish it from 'junshoku' (embellishment), 'kousei' (proofreading), and 'koukyuu' (polishing/researching). For a C1 learner, 'suikou' isn't just a verb; it's a philosophy of writing. You might use it when critiquing a translated text, noting that the 'suikou' was insufficient to capture the original's rhythm. You should also be aware of its usage in classical literary criticism and modern editorial departments. In professional settings, suggesting a 'saido no suikou' (one more refinement) to a colleague shows a high level of tact and an insistence on quality. You should also be able to recognize the word in complex literary essays where authors describe their struggle with language.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the C2 level, '推敲' (suikou) is a word you manipulate with ease, perhaps even using it metaphorically. You understand that 'suikou' is the bridge between a raw idea and a masterpiece. You are likely familiar with the specific Tang Dynasty anecdote of Jia Dao and Han Yu that gave birth to the term, and you can use this knowledge to enrich your own discourse on literature or linguistics. At this level, you might explore the limits of 'suikou'—at what point does refinement become over-editing? You can engage in high-level debates about whether the 'suikou' of a text should prioritize clarity or aesthetic ambiguity. Your mastery of the word includes knowing its rare synonyms like 'renkou' and understanding how the 'suikou' process differs across genres, from 'haiku' to technical white papers. You use the word to demonstrate not just linguistic skill, but a deep appreciation for the 'kotodama' (spirit of words) in Japanese culture.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح

推敲 في 30 ثانية

Suikou is the formal Japanese word for 'polishing' or 'refining' a piece of writing to improve its quality.
It originates from a famous Chinese story about a poet choosing between 'pushing' and 'knocking' on a door.
It differs from proofreading (kousei) because it focuses on style and expression rather than just fixing errors.
Commonly used in literature, academia, and professional writing to show high-level care for language.

The Japanese word 推敲 (Suikou) is a sophisticated noun that describes the meticulous process of polishing, refining, or revising a piece of writing. Unlike simple 'editing' (which might just mean fixing typos), suikou implies a deep, almost artistic commitment to finding the perfect expression, rhythm, and clarity in a text. It is a word rooted in the agony and ecstasy of the creative process, used primarily by writers, academics, and professionals who treat their words with gravity.

Literary Nuance: It refers specifically to the iterative process where a writer looks at their work multiple times, changing a word here or a sentence structure there to achieve the highest quality possible. It suggests that the first draft is merely raw material.
Professional Context: In business or legal settings, while 'shousei' (correction) is common, using 'suikou' indicates a level of high-level intellectual labor spent on a speech, a proposal, or a manifesto.

彼は一晩中、自伝の原稿を推敲し続けた。
Translation: He continued to polish the manuscript of his autobiography all night long.

The term is iconic because of its origin story, involving a Tang Dynasty poet named Jia Dao. While riding a donkey, he struggled to decide between the word 'push' (推) or 'knock' (敲) in a poem about a monk visiting a friend. This historical weight makes the word feel much 'heavier' and more respected than modern loanwords like 'editing' or 'revision'. When you use suikou, you are signaling that you care deeply about the craft of writing.

完璧な論文にするためには、さらなる推敲が必要だ。
Translation: To make it a perfect thesis, further refinement is necessary.

Common Collocations: 推敲を重ねる (Suikou o kasaneru) - To refine repeatedly. This is the most common way to express the hard work of editing.

Using 推敲 (Suikou) correctly requires understanding its grammatical function as a 'suru-verb' (推敲する) or as a noun followed by particles. It primarily targets written works: essays, poems, reports, novels, and speeches. You wouldn't use it to describe 'polishing' a physical object like a shoe; for that, you use 'migaku'.

この文章はまだ推敲の余地がある。
Translation: This text still has room for refinement.

The phrase suikou no yochi (room for refinement) is a very common idiomatic expression used in peer reviews or when receiving feedback. It suggests that while the content is there, the delivery could be much more elegant. Another key usage is describing the time spent on the task.

As a Verb: 推敲する (Suikou suru): 'I will polish the draft.' Often used in formal emails: '提出前に再度推敲いたします' (I will refine it again before submission).
As a Noun phrase: 推敲を重ねる (Suikou o kasaneru): 'To layer refinements.' This emphasizes the repetitive nature of high-quality writing.

何度も推敲した末に、ようやく納得のいく表現が見つかった。
Translation: After refining it many times, I finally found an expression I was satisfied with.

When writing for the Japanese Language Proficiency Test (JLPT) N1 or B2 level exams, using suikou instead of 'naosu' or 'shousei' in an essay about literature or education will significantly boost your 'vocabulary richness' score. It shows you understand the nuances of the writing craft.

You will encounter 推敲 (Suikou) in environments where the quality of language is paramount. It is not a word you hear at a construction site or a grocery store, but it is ubiquitous in the 'Bundan' (literary world), newsrooms, and ivory towers of academia.

In Publishing: Editors will say to authors, '先生、この部分はもう少し推敲が必要ですね' (Professor, this part needs a bit more polishing). It's a polite way to say the writing is currently clunky.
In University Lectures: Professors often emphasize the importance of suikou when students are writing their 'sotsuron' (graduation thesis). They might lecture on the 'Suikou no gijutsu' (The art of polishing).

著名な作家は、一行の推敲に数日を費やすこともある。
Translation: Famous authors sometimes spend several days refining a single line.

You might also hear it in high-level business presentations. If a CEO is giving a major keynote, the PR team will discuss the suikou of the script. It implies a strategic, careful selection of words to influence an audience. Interestingly, it's also a common topic in 'Bungaku' (literature) podcasts or YouTube channels where creators discuss their writing habits.

「推敲」という言葉の由来を知ることは、文章表現の深さを知ることだ。
Translation: Knowing the origin of the word 'Suikou' is to know the depth of textual expression.

Essentially, if the conversation involves 'creating' or 'improving' a text that is meant to be read by others with intent, suikou is the word that will appear to elevate the discussion from mere 'fixing' to 'crafting'.

While 推敲 (Suikou) is a powerful word, learners often misuse it by applying it to the wrong objects or confusing it with similar-sounding 'editing' terms. The most common mistake is using it for non-textual things.

Mistake 1: Physical Objects: You cannot 'suikou' a table or a car. For physical polishing, use migaku (磨く). Suikou is strictly for abstract things like sentences, ideas, or plans.
Mistake 2: Confusing with Proofreading (Kousei): Kousei (校正) is about finding typos and formatting errors. Suikou is about changing the content to make it better. If you only fixed a misspelling, you didn't suikou; you kousei-ed.

× 誤字脱字を推敲する。
○ 誤字脱字を校正する。
Note: You don't 'refine' typos; you 'correct' them.

Another mistake is using it for someone else's work without permission. Suikou is usually a self-directed process. If a teacher fixes your work, it's tensaku (添削). If you say 'I will suikou your essay,' it sounds a bit like you are taking over their creative process. Use 'tensaku' or 'shousei' for helping others.

× LINEのメッセージを推敲する。
○ LINEのメッセージを書き直す。
Note: Using 'suikou' for a LINE message is usually overkill.

Finally, remember the kanji. The second kanji 敲 (knock) is rare. People often forget the right side (radical 攴). Writing it correctly is a sign of high literacy.

Japanese has many words for 'fixing' or 'improving'. Choosing the right one depends on what you are fixing and why. Here is how 推敲 (Suikou) compares to its cousins.

推敲 (Suikou) vs. 添削 (Tensaku): Suikou: Done by the author to improve quality/style.
Tensaku: Done by a teacher/mentor to correct and improve a student's work.
推敲 (Suikou) vs. 校正 (Kousei): Suikou: Focuses on 'rhythm, flow, and expression'.
Kousei: Focuses on 'typos, grammar, and facts'.
推敲 (Suikou) vs. 修正 (Shousei): Suikou: Literary and creative.
Shousei: General and technical. You 'shousei' a bug in code or a mistake in a schedule.

企画書の内容を練り直す。
Alternative: Nerinaosu (To rethink/re-knead). Used for plans and ideas.

If you want to sound more modern or are in a tech company, you might hear burasshu appu (ブラッシュアップ - brush up). This is very common in business for 'improving a proposal'. However, if you are talking about a novel or a deep essay, suikou remains the most prestigious choice.

彼は翻訳した詩を何度も練稿した。
Alternative: Renkou (To polish a manuscript). Very formal and specific to literature.

How Formal Is It?

حقيقة ممتعة

Jia Dao was so distracted by this choice that he accidentally bumped his donkey into the procession of Han Yu, a famous high official and scholar. Instead of being angry, Han Yu listened to the poet's dilemma and suggested 'knock' was better. They became friends, and the word 'push-knock' became the standard term for agonizing over word choices.

دليل النطق

UK /suːiːkoʊ/

US /swiːkoʊ/

Japanese is pitch-accented. In 'suikou', the accent is typically on the first mora 'su', then drops (Atamadaka style).

يتقافى مع

Taiko (drum) Saiko (highest) Kaikou (meeting) Seikou (success) Heikou (parallel) Meikou (master craftsman) Eikou (glory) Naikou (introversion)

أخطاء شائعة

Pronouncing 'sui' as two separate English syllables 'su-ee'. It should be one smooth 'sui'.
Pronouncing 'kou' like 'cow'. It must be a long 'o' sound.
Failing to hold the long 'o' in 'kou' for two beats.
Confusing the pitch with 'suiko' (water tiger/mythical creature).
Stress-accenting the word like English instead of using flat or falling pitch.

مستوى الصعوبة

القراءة 4/5

The kanji are complex, especially the second one '敲'.

الكتابة 5/5

Writing '敲' from memory is a challenge even for native speakers.

التحدث 3/5

Pronunciation is simple, but knowing when to use it requires high level nuance.

الاستماع 3/5

Sounds distinct, but can be confused with other 'sui' words if not careful.

ماذا تتعلّم بعد ذلك

المتطلبات الأساسية

文章 (Bunshou) 修正 (Shousei) 言葉 (Kotoba) 書く (Kaku) 直す (Naosu)

تعلّم لاحقاً

校正 (Kousei) 潤色 (Junshoku) 文体 (Buntai) 語彙 (Goi) 表現 (Hyougen)

متقدم

彫琢 (Choutaku) 練達 (Rentatsu) 精錬 (Seiren) 研鑽 (Kensan) 深耕 (Shinkou)

قواعد يجب معرفتها

Suru-verbs with Kango

推敲する、勉強する、連絡する

Noun + の余地がある (Room for...)

推敲の余地がある、改善の余地がある

〜を重ねる (To repeat/layer)

推敲を重ねる、努力を重ねる

〜を経て (Through/After passing through)

推敲を経て、議論を経て

Passive form for objects

文章が推敲される

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

أمثلة حسب المستوى

作文を書いたあとで、もう一度読みます。

After writing the essay, I will read it once more.

A1 uses simple 'yomimasu' (read) instead of 'suikou'.

いい言葉を選びます。

I choose good words.

Simple verb 'erabimasu'.

先生、私の作文を直してください。

Teacher, please fix my essay.

'Naoshite kudasai' is the A1 way to ask for editing.

もっときれいに書きます。

I will write more beautifully.

Adverb 'kirei ni'.

この文は少し変です。

This sentence is a bit strange.

Simple adjective 'hen'.

何度も練習します。

I practice many times.

'Nando mo' for repetition.

本を出すのは大変です。

Publishing a book is hard.

Simple 'taihen' for difficulty.

日記を直しました。

I fixed my diary.

Past tense of 'naosu'.

文章をより良くするために直します。

I fix the text to make it better.

Using 'tame ni' to show purpose.

提出する前に、もう一度確認してください。

Please check it once more before submitting.

'Kakunin' is a common A2 word for checking.

この言葉を別の言葉に変えましょう。

Let's change this word to another word.

Volitional form 'kaemashou'.

いい文章を書くのは難しいです。

Writing a good sentence is difficult.

Nominalizing with 'no wa'.

作文を推敲するのは大切です。

Refining your essay is important.

Introducing 'suikou' as a concept.

彼は一晩中、手紙を書き直した。

He rewrote the letter all night.

Compound verb 'kakinaosu'.

もっと分かりやすい言葉を使いましょう。

Let's use easier-to-understand words.

Adjective 'wakariyasui'.

友達に文章を見てもらいました。

I had my friend look at my writing.

Benefactive 'te morau'.

レポートの推敲に三時間かかった。

It took three hours to refine the report.

Noun 'suikou' + particle 'ni'.

この段落は、もっと推敲したほうがいいですね。

You should refine this paragraph more.

'~ta hou ga ii' for advice.

推敲を重ねることで、文章が磨かれます。

By refining repeatedly, the writing gets polished.

'~koto de' showing means/method.

彼は自分の小説を何度も推敲した。

He refined his novel many times.

Suru-verb 'suikou shita'.

推敲の途中で、新しいアイデアが浮かんだ。

In the middle of refining, a new idea came to mind.

'~no tochu de' meaning in the middle of.

スピーチの原稿を十分に推敲してください。

Please refine your speech draft sufficiently.

Adverb 'juubun ni'.

推敲は、書くことと同じくらい重要だ。

Refining is as important as writing.

'~to onaji kurai' for comparison.

翻訳した文章を自然な日本語に推敲する。

Refine the translated text into natural Japanese.

Transitive action 'suikou suru'.

この論文は、論理構成をさらに推敲する余地がある。

This thesis has room to further refine its logical structure.

'Yochi ga aru' (there is room for).

作家は一行の推敲に心血を注いだ。

The author poured his heart and soul into refining a single line.

Idiom 'shinketsu o sosogu'.

推敲を怠ると、読者に意図が伝わらない恐れがある。

If you neglect refinement, there is a risk your intent won't reach the reader.

'~osore ga aru' (there is a fear/risk that).

彼は、翻訳の推敲においてリズムを最も重視している。

He prioritizes rhythm most in the refinement of his translations.

'~ni oite' (in / regarding).

プロの編集者は、著者の個性を活かしつつ推敲を行う。

Professional editors refine while making the most of the author's personality.

'~tsutsu' (while doing).

何度も推敲された文章は、無駄がなく美しい。

Sentences that have been refined many times are lean and beautiful.

Passive form 'suikou sareta' used as an adjective.

プレゼン資料の推敲を、チーム全員で分担した。

The whole team shared the task of refining the presentation materials.

Noun 'suikou' as the object.

推敲の過程で、当初の結論が覆ることもある。

In the process of refinement, the initial conclusion can sometimes be overturned.

Verb 'kutsugaeru' (to be overturned).

その詩人は、一語の推敲のために数日間を費やすことで知られている。

That poet is known for spending several days for the refinement of a single word.

Nominalized clause '...koto de shirarete iru'.

翻訳における推敲は、単なる言葉の置き換えではなく、文化の翻訳である。

Refinement in translation is not merely replacing words, but a translation of culture.

'~de wa naku' (not A, but B).

徹底的な推敲を経て、その作品は不朽の名作となった。

Through thorough refinement, the work became an immortal masterpiece.

'~o hete' (through / after passing through).

批評家は、その小説の推敲の甘さを鋭く指摘した。

The critic sharply pointed out the lack of thorough refinement in the novel.

'~no amasa' (the weakness/lack of).

学術論文においては、厳密な論理展開と推敲が不可欠である。

In academic papers, strict logical development and refinement are indispensable.

'Fukakesu' (indispensable).

彼は、推敲を重ねるうちに、自らの文体の完成度を高めていった。

As he repeated the refinement process, he increased the perfection of his own style.

'~uchi ni' (while / in the process of).

推敲は、作家が自己と対話する孤独な作業である。

Refining is a solitary task where the writer dialogues with themselves.

Metaphorical use of 'taiwa' (dialogue).

編集者の助言を受け、彼はさらに踏み込んだ推敲を試みた。

Receiving the editor's advice, he attempted an even more in-depth refinement.

'Fumikonda' (stepped in / in-depth).

賈島の故事に由来する「推敲」という言葉は、創作の苦悩を象徴している。

The word 'Suikou', originating from Jia Dao's anecdote, symbolizes the agony of creation.

'~ni yurai suru' (originating from).

極限まで推敲し尽くされた文体には、一分の隙も存在しない。

In a style that has been refined to the absolute limit, not a single opening exists.

'~shi-tsukusareta' (completely finished doing).

推敲の極致は、作為を感じさせない自然な表現に到達することにある。

The height of refinement lies in reaching a natural expression that doesn't feel artificial.

'~ni aru' (lies in / consists of).

彼は、翻訳の推敲過程で生じる微細なニュアンスの乖離に苦慮していた。

He was struggling with the minute discrepancies in nuance that arise during the refinement of a translation.

'Kuryu' (struggling/laboring).

言葉を削ぎ落とすという推敲の作業は、彫刻にも似た趣がある。

The work of refinement, of stripping away words, has a charm similar to sculpture.

'Sogi-otosu' (to strip away).

古典文学の推敲の跡を辿ることで、当時の文人の思考プロセスを垣間見ることができる。

By tracing the marks of refinement in classical literature, one can catch a glimpse of the thought processes of the literati of that time.

'Kaima-miru' (to catch a glimpse).

推敲は、単なる技術的な修正を超え、作品に魂を吹き込む儀式とも言える。

Refinement goes beyond mere technical correction; it can be called a ritual that breathes soul into a work.

'~tomo ieru' (can also be called).

現代の即時性が求められるメディアにおいて、熟考された推敲の価値が再評価されている。

In modern media where immediacy is demanded, the value of deliberate refinement is being re-evaluated.

'Jukko-sareta' (well-considered).

المرادفات

校正修正加筆練り直すブラッシュアップ

الأضداد

殴り書き放置

تلازمات شائعة

推敲を重ねる

推敲の余地

念入りに推敲する

推敲を尽くす

推敲を加える

推敲を重ねた末に

一語一語推敲する

推敲が必要だ

推敲に時間をかける

十分な推敲

العبارات الشائعة

推敲の結果

— The result of the refinement process. Used to explain why something changed.

推敲の結果、タイトルを変更した。

推敲を依頼する

— To ask someone to help refine a text. Slightly more formal than 'checking'.

上司に報告書の推敲を依頼した。

推敲の過程

— The stage of refinement. Used in academic or technical writing.

推敲の過程で、論理の矛盾に気づいた。

推敲不足

— Lack of refinement. A common criticism of writing.

この論文は推敲不足だ。

推敲に推敲を重ねる

— To refine over and over again. Emphasizes intense effort.

推敲に推敲を重ねた原稿。

推敲の跡

— Traces of editing (e.g., crossed out words).

原稿には推敲の跡が残っている。

推敲を終える

— To finish the refinement process.

ようやく推敲を終えて、入稿した。

再推敲

— Re-refining. Doing the polishing process one more time.

もう一度、再推敲をお願いします。

推敲マニア

— Someone who is obsessed with perfecting their writing (informal).

彼は有名な推敲マニアだ。

推敲の重要性

— The importance of refining writing.

学校で推敲の重要性を教える。

يُخلط عادةً مع

推敲 vs 校正 (Kousei)

Kousei is for typos; Suikou is for style.

推敲 vs 修正 (Shousei)

Shousei is general fixing; Suikou is specifically for writing.

推敲 vs 添削 (Tensaku)

Tensaku is by a teacher; Suikou is usually by the author.

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

"推敲の苦しみ"

— The pain/struggle of refining writing. Refers to the mental fatigue of choosing words.

作家なら誰でも推敲の苦しみを知っている。

Literary

"一字千金"

— A single word worth a thousand pieces of gold. Often used as the goal of suikou.

一字千金の表現を目指して推敲する。

Formal

"筆を執る"

— To take up the pen (to write). Often followed by the suikou process.

筆を執ってから推敲が終わるまで一ヶ月かかった。

Formal

"玉を磨く"

— To polish a gem. Metaphorically used for perfecting one's talent or writing through suikou.

文章という玉を磨くために推敲する。

Literary

"彫心鏤骨"

— To carve into the heart and engrave into the bone. Doing something with extreme effort, like intense suikou.

彫心鏤骨の思いで推敲した。

Very Formal

"千錘百錬"

— Refining something a hundred times. Used for high-quality writing or skills.

千錘百錬の推敲を経て完成した。

Formal

"冗長を去る"

— To remove redundancy. A primary goal of the suikou process.

推敲によって冗長を去り、簡潔にする。

Formal

"画竜点睛を欠く"

— Missing the final touch. Failing to do the final suikou that makes a work perfect.

推敲を忘れるのは、画竜点睛を欠くようなものだ。

Formal

"言葉を練る"

— To knead/work the words. A common synonym for the action of suikou.

一晩中言葉を練って、手紙を書いた。

Neutral

"完成度を高める"

— To raise the level of completion. The general purpose of suikou.

推敲を繰り返し、完成度を高める。

Neutral

سهل الخلط

推敲 vs 遂行 (Suikou)

Same pronunciation (Suikou).

遂行 (Suikou) means to carry out a task or mission (e.g., 任務を遂行する). It has nothing to do with writing.

任務を遂行する (Carry out a mission) vs. 文章を推敲する (Refine a text).

推敲 vs 水耕 (Suikou)

Same pronunciation.

水耕 (Suikou) refers to hydroponics (growing plants in water).

水耕栽培 (Hydroponic cultivation).

推敲 vs 成功 (Seikou)

Similar sound.

成功 (Seikou) means success. The 'ei' sound is different from 'ui'.

実験に成功する (Succeed in an experiment).

推敲 vs 精巧 (Seikou)

Similar sound.

精巧 (Seikou) means elaborate or exquisite (e.g., a watch).

精巧な時計 (An exquisite watch).

推敲 vs 改訂 (Kaitei)

Both involve changing a text.

Kaitei is for formal versions of books or laws; Suikou is for the process of writing the content.

教科書を改訂する (Revise a textbook).

أنماط الجُمل

〜を推敲する

作文を推敲する。

〜の推敲に時間をかける

レポートの推敲に時間をかける。

推敲の余地がある

この文には推敲の余地がある。

推敲を重ねる

何度も推敲を重ねる。

〜を経て、〜を完成させる

徹底的な推敲を経て、小説を完成させた。

〜に推敲を加える

原稿にさらなる推敲を加える。

〜し尽くされた文章

推敲し尽くされた美しい文章。

〜の極致は〜にある

推敲の極致は、自然な表現に到達することにある。

عائلة الكلمة

الأسماء

推敲 (Suikou) - Refinement

再推敲 (Saisuikou) - Re-refinement

推敲者 (Suikousha) - Person who refines/polishes

الأفعال

推敲する (Suikou suru) - To refine/polish

الصفات

推敲された (Suikou sareta) - Refined (used as an adjective)

推敲不足の (Suikou busoku no) - Unrefined/under-edited

مرتبط

校正 (Kousei) - Proofreading

添削 (Tensaku) - Correction by teacher

改稿 (Kaikou) - Rewriting a draft

潤色 (Junshoku) - Embellishing

筆致 (Hicchi) - Writing style

سجّل مجاناً لرؤية جميع الأمثلة

كيفية الاستخدام

frequency

Common in writing and intellectual discussions; rare in casual daily life.

أخطاء شائعة

Using 'suikou' for physical objects. → 靴を磨く (Kutsu o migaku)
You polish shoes with 'migaku', but you polish sentences with 'suikou'.
Using 'suikou' for fixing typos only. → 誤字を校正する (Goji o kousei suru)
If you are only fixing spelling, use 'kousei'. 'Suikou' is for style.
Using 'suikou' for someone else's work as a teacher. → 生徒の文を添削する (Seito no bun o tensaku suru)
Teachers 'tensaku'. Authors 'suikou'.
Confusing 'suikou' with '遂行' (carrying out). → 計画を遂行する (Keikaku o suikou suru)
They sound the same but have completely different kanji and meanings.
Using 'suikou' for very casual messages. → LINEを書き直す (LINE o kakinaosu)
It's too formal for casual texting.

نصائح

The 24-Hour Rule

Always wait 24 hours before you start the 'suikou' process. This gives you the distance needed to see your own mistakes.

Noun vs Verb

Use 'suikou o kasaneru' (noun) for emphasis on effort, and 'suikou suru' (verb) for the simple action.

Don't Overuse

Don't use 'suikou' for small things like texts. It makes you sound like you think you're writing a masterpiece.

Kanji Breakdown

推 (Push) + 敲 (Knock). Remember the story of the gate to remember the characters.

Spotting the Nuance

When you see 'suikou' in a book, look at the surrounding words. It often appears with words like 'agony' or 'satisfaction'.

Business Etiquette

If you tell a client you will 'suikou' their proposal, it sounds much more professional than saying you will 'fix' it.

Thesis Tip

In the introduction of a thesis, you can mention the 'suikou' process to show your dedication to the research.

The Donkey Poet

Associate 'suikou' with a donkey. It's such a weird image that you won't forget the word.

Polite Requests

Use 'suikou o onegai shimasu' when asking an editor to look at your work.

Context Clues

If someone is talking about 'manuscripts' (genkou), 'suikou' is likely to follow.

احفظها

وسيلة تذكّر

Think of a writer 'Pushing' (推) their limits and 'Knocking' (敲) on the door of perfection. Sui-Kou.

ربط بصري

Imagine a man on a donkey, looking at a wooden gate, miming 'pushing' and 'knocking' with his hands while looking very confused.

Word Web

Writing Editing Refining Poetry Manuscript Choice Perfection Literature

تحدٍّ

Write a short paragraph in Japanese about your favorite hobby, then 'suikou' it to remove all 'desu' and 'masu' and replace them with more descriptive verbs.

أصل الكلمة

The word comes from the Tang Dynasty of China. A poet named Jia Dao (Kato in Japanese) was riding a donkey and thinking about a poem. He reached a line about a monk visiting a temple at night. He couldn't decide whether to use the word 'push' (推 - sui) or 'knock' (敲 - kou) regarding the temple gate.

المعنى الأصلي: Pushing or knocking on a door.

Sino-Japanese (Kango).

السياق الثقافي

It is a very safe, positive word. However, telling someone their work 'needs suikou' is a polite but firm way of saying their current writing is poor.

In English, we often use 'editing' or 'revising', but 'suikou' has a more 'artsy' or 'lofty' feel, similar to saying 'polishing one's prose'.

Jia Dao's Tang poem 'Visiting a Recluse on the South Mountain'. Natsume Soseki's notes on writing style. The 'Suikou' section in 'The Art of Writing' by various Japanese authors.

تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية

سياقات واقعية

Writing a Novel

第一稿の推敲
文体を整える
伏線を回収する
納得いくまで直す

Academic Thesis

論理の推敲
引用の確認
参考文献の整理
査読前の推敲

Business Proposal

表現のブラッシュアップ
誤字脱字の校正
訴求力の強化
最終推敲

Poetry/Haiku

一語の推敲
季語の選択
リズムの調整
余韻を残す

Speech Preparation

原稿の推敲
話し言葉への変換
間の取り方の確認
強調箇所の整理

بدايات محادثة

"「文章を書くとき、推敲にはどのくらい時間をかけますか？」 (How much time do you spend on refinement when writing?)"

"「推敲のコツがあれば教えてください。」 (Please tell me if you have any tips for refining writing.)"

"「この企画書、推敲の余地があると思うのですが、どう思いますか？」 (I think this proposal has room for refinement, what do you think?)"

"「最近はAIで推敲する人も増えているそうですね。」 (I heard that more people are using AI to refine their writing lately.)"

"「推敲しすぎて、何が良いのか分からなくなることはありませんか？」 (Do you ever refine so much that you lose track of what's good?)"

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

今日書いた日記を、もっと美しい日本語になるように推敲してみましょう。 (Try refining the diary entry you wrote today into more beautiful Japanese.)

「推敲」という言葉の由来について、自分の感想を書いてください。 (Write your thoughts on the origin of the word 'Suikou'.)

あなたが今までで一番時間をかけて推敲したものは何ですか？ (What is the thing you have spent the most time refining in your life?)

推敲することのメリットとデメリットについて考えてみましょう。 (Think about the merits and demerits of refining.)

将来、AIが完璧な推敲をしてくれるようになったら、人間の作家はどうなると思いますか？ (What do you think will happen to human writers if AI becomes capable of perfect refinement in the future?)

الأسئلة الشائعة

10 أسئلة

No, it can apply to any intellectual writing, including business reports, academic papers, and even important emails. However, it implies a high level of care.

Generally, no. For art, you might use 'burasshu appu' or 'nerinaosu'. 'Suikou' is specifically tied to the 'Push or Knock' story about words.

Yes, you can say 'suikou suru' (to refine) or use it as a noun 'suikou' (refinement).

'Kakinaosu' just means to write again. 'Suikou' means to write again with the specific goal of making it more beautiful or effective.

It is not a daily-use kanji (Joyo kanji), so it's considered quite difficult. Most people recognize it but might struggle to write it.

Modern AI tools can suggest refinements, and many people now use 'AI suikou' to check their work, though purists argue true suikou requires human soul.

There is no limit! Japanese authors often say 'suikou ni owari wa nai' (there is no end to refinement).

It means 'insufficient refinement'. It's a common way to describe writing that feels rushed or messy.

You can use it to describe the process of preparing a speech, but you don't 'suikou' while talking live.

He was the Tang Dynasty poet whose indecision between 'push' and 'knock' created the word 'suikou'.

سجّل مجاناً للنصائح والملاحظات