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B1 noun 12 دقيقة للقراءة

親類

shinrui

تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح 親類 في 30 ثانية

الشرح 親類 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you are just starting to learn about the people around you. Usually, you learn words like 'mother' (okaasan), 'father' (otousan), and 'family' (kazoku). The word 'shinrui' might be a bit advanced for a complete beginner, but it's helpful to know that it refers to your 'big family.' Imagine all the people you see at a big party or a holiday—your aunts, uncles, and cousins. In A1, you don't need to worry about the kanji or the formal rules. Just remember that 'shinrui' means 'relatives.' If someone asks you if you have family in Japan, they might use this word. You can think of it as the 'extra' family members who don't live in your house. At this level, you can practice saying 'Shinrui ga imasu' (I have relatives) or 'Shinrui wa Amerika ni imasu' (My relatives are in America). It's a stepping stone from 'kazoku' to the wider world of Japanese social connections. Don't worry about being perfect; just focus on the idea that 'shinrui' is a group of people you are related to.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the A2 level, you begin to distinguish between different types of social groups. You already know 'kazoku' for your immediate family. Now, 'shinrui' (relatives) becomes more useful as you describe your life and background. You might start using it to explain why you are busy during certain times of the year, like New Year's. For example, 'Shougatsu wa shinrui no ie ni ikimasu' (I go to my relative's house at New Year). You will also notice that Japanese people often use 'shinseki' more in daily conversation. At A2, you should try to recognize both words. You might also start using simple adjectives with 'shinrui,' like 'takusan' (many). 'Shinrui ga takusan imasu' (I have many relatives). This is a great way to expand your descriptive power. You are moving from just identifying people to describing your relationship with them. You might also encounter this word in simple reading passages about Japanese culture, where it's used to explain who gathers for traditional festivals. Understanding 'shinrui' helps you understand the importance of the extended family in Japanese society.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the B1 level, you are expected to handle more formal situations and nuanced vocabulary. This is where 'shinrui' really comes into play. You should understand that 'shinrui' is slightly more formal than 'shinseki' and is often used in written contexts or more serious conversations. You will learn to use it with more complex grammar, such as 'shinrui ni ataru' (to be related to). For instance, 'Kare wa watashi no shinrui ni atarimasu' (He is related to me). You also begin to see the word in the context of social obligations. You might read about 'shinrui-zukiai' (maintaining relationships with relatives) and how it involves gift-giving (zoutou). At B1, you should be able to explain your family structure using this word and understand when it's appropriate to use 'shinrui' instead of 'kazoku.' You will also encounter it in news stories or articles about society. It's a key word for discussing social networks and support systems. You should also start paying attention to the kanji (親類) and how it relates to other words like 'shurui' (kind/type) to avoid confusion. This level is about moving from basic identification to functional, culturally-aware usage.

At the B2 level, you should have a firm grasp of the social and cultural nuances of 'shinrui.' You understand that this word carries a sense of collective identity and responsibility. You can use it in formal speeches, written reports, or when discussing complex social issues. You will likely encounter 'shinrui' in literature, where it's used to describe the intricate web of family ties and the drama that often comes with them. You should be able to distinguish between 'shinrui' and the legal term 'shinzoku' (relatives as defined by law). For example, you might discuss how 'shinzoku' have specific rights in inheritance, while 'shinrui' is a more general term for kin. You can also use idiomatic expressions or four-kanji compounds like 'shinrui-enja' (relatives and connections). At this level, you are not just using the word; you are using it to navigate the complexities of Japanese society. You can discuss the changing nature of the Japanese family system and how the role of 'shinrui' is evolving in modern, urbanized Japan. Your usage should be precise, reflecting an understanding of the register and the specific social context of the conversation or text.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the C1 level, your understanding of 'shinrui' is deep and multifaceted. You can appreciate the word's historical roots in the 'ie' system and how it reflects Japanese values of lineage and continuity. You encounter 'shinrui' in high-level academic texts, legal documents, and classical literature. You understand the subtle differences in tone between 'shinrui,' 'shinseki,' 'shinzoku,' and 'miuchi,' and you can use each appropriately to achieve a specific rhetorical effect. For instance, you might use 'miuchi' to create a sense of intimacy and 'shinrui' to maintain a professional distance. You can analyze how the concept of 'shinrui' is portrayed in Japanese cinema or novels, often as a source of both support and stifling social pressure. You are also aware of the regional variations in how 'shinrui' networks function across Japan. Your command of the word allows you to engage in sophisticated discussions about sociology, law, and history. You can explain the legal boundaries of 'shinzoku' in detail and compare them to the more fluid social boundaries of 'shinrui.' At this level, the word is a tool for nuanced expression and cultural analysis.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the C2 level, you possess a native-like or near-native mastery of 'shinrui' and all its related concepts. You can navigate the most complex legal and genealogical discussions with ease. You are familiar with archaic or highly specialized terms related to kinship that might appear in historical documents or specialized legal codes. You understand the philosophical implications of 'shinrui' in the context of Japanese identity and social harmony (wa). You can use the word in creative writing to evoke specific cultural atmospheres or to critique social structures. Your understanding extends to the most subtle nuances of register—knowing exactly when the slightly formal 'shinrui' is more effective than the common 'shinseki' or the clinical 'shinzoku.' You can participate in debates about the future of the Japanese family system, using 'shinrui' as a key conceptual term. You are also aware of how the concept of 'shinrui' interacts with other systems of classification in Japanese, such as 'seken' (society/the public). For you, 'shinrui' is not just a vocabulary word; it is a fundamental building block of the Japanese world-view, which you can manipulate with precision and elegance in any context.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح

親類 في 30 ثانية

Shinrui means 'relatives' or 'kin' in Japanese, referring to the extended family network.
It is more formal than 'shinseki' and is often used in writing and formal ceremonies.
The word includes both blood relatives and those related through marriage, excluding the nuclear family in daily usage.
Culturally, it emphasizes social obligations, gift-giving, and collective responsibility within the Japanese kinship system.

The Japanese word 親類 (しんるい, shinrui) is a noun that translates to 'relative' or 'kin' in English. While it might seem straightforward, its usage and cultural weight in Japanese society are profound. The term is composed of two kanji: 親 (shin), meaning 'parent' or 'intimacy,' and 類 (rui), meaning 'kind' or 'type.' Together, they literally describe the 'category of people with whom one shares an intimate or parental bond.' In a broader sense, it encompasses everyone from your immediate family to distant cousins you might only see once every decade at a funeral or a wedding.

Scope of Meaning: Unlike the English word 'family,' which often defaults to the nuclear family, 'shinrui' specifically points toward the extended network of blood relations and relatives by marriage. It is the collective group of people who share your lineage.

In Japanese culture, the concept of shinrui is tied to the historical ie (household) system. Traditionally, maintaining good relations with one's shinrui was not just a personal choice but a social obligation. Even in modern Japan, the word carries a sense of formal connection. You might use shinseki (親戚) in casual conversation, but shinrui often appears in more formal settings, written documents, or when discussing the concept of kinship as a whole.

結婚式には多くの親類が招待された。(Many relatives were invited to the wedding.)

Etymological Nuance: The kanji 類 suggests a classification. When you use shinrui, you are categorizing people based on their biological or legal connection to your 'shin' (parents/closeness).

People use this word when they need to refer to their extended family as a collective entity. For instance, during the New Year (Oshougatsu) or the Obon festival, Japanese people often travel to their hometowns to meet their shinrui. It is a word that evokes images of large gatherings, traditional rituals, and the complex web of social debts and gifts (zoutou) that define Japanese familial life. It is not just about who you are related to, but about the network of support and obligation that surrounds you.

彼は私の遠い親類にあたります。(He is a distant relative of mine.)

Furthermore, the word is used in legal and semi-formal contexts. If you are filling out a form that asks for emergency contacts or family background, you might see the term shinrui or the even more formal shinzoku. Understanding shinrui is key to understanding the Japanese social structure, where the individual is often viewed as a representative of their larger kin group rather than just an isolated person.

Social Context: In rural areas, the 'shinrui' network is often the primary source of labor and financial support during crises, though this is changing with urbanization.

困ったときは、親類同士で助け合うのが当たり前だ。(It is natural for relatives to help each other in times of trouble.)

In summary, shinrui is a versatile and essential noun for any Japanese learner reaching the B1 level. It moves beyond the basic vocabulary of 'mother' and 'father' into the realm of social architecture. Whether you are describing a distant cousin, explaining why you are traveling for a holiday, or reading a novel about family drama, shinrui is the term that binds the Japanese kinship system together.

Using 親類 (shinrui) correctly involves understanding its grammatical role as a noun and its common collocations. In most cases, it functions just like any other noun, but it is frequently paired with specific verbs and adjectives that define the closeness of the relationship or the action being taken toward the kin group.

Common Adjectives: The most common adjectives used with shinrui are tooi (遠い - distant) and chikai (近い - close). A 'tooi shinrui' is a distant relative, while a 'chikai shinrui' is a close one.

彼女は私のかなり近い親類です。(She is a fairly close relative of mine.)

When describing a relationship between two people, the pattern [Person A] wa [Person B] no shinrui da is standard. However, to sound more natural and precise, Japanese speakers often use the verb ataru (当たる). For example, 'Kare wa watashi no shinrui ni ataru' (He stands in the relation of a relative to me). This phrasing is common when the exact nature of the relationship (e.g., third cousin twice removed) is either unknown or too complicated to explain.

あの有名人と私は、実は親類にあたります。(That famous person and I are actually related.)

Verbs associated with shinrui often involve social interaction. Shinrui o tazuneru (to visit relatives) is a very common phrase during holiday seasons. Shinrui ni tayoru (to rely on relatives) describes a situation where one seeks help from their kin network. In more negative contexts, shinrui ni meiwaku o kakeru (to cause trouble for relatives) is a phrase that highlights the collective responsibility felt in Japanese society.

Collective Phrases: The phrase shinrui-enja (親類縁者) is a four-kanji compound (yojijukugo) that refers to one's entire circle of relatives and connections, often used in formal speeches.

父の葬儀には、すべての親類が集まった。(All the relatives gathered for my father's funeral.)

In academic or highly formal Japanese, shinrui might be replaced by shinzoku (親族), but in news reports or general literature, shinrui remains the versatile middle-ground term. It is also important to note that shinrui can be used metaphorically in some contexts to describe things that are similar in nature or 'related' in a non-biological sense, though this is less common than its primary meaning.

彼らとは親類づきあいをしている。(We maintain a relationship with them as if they were relatives.)

When writing, remember that shinrui is a noun that can take the possessive no. For example, shinrui no ojisan (an uncle who is a relative). This might seem redundant, but it specifically distinguishes the person as a blood or legal relative rather than just an older man you call 'uncle' out of politeness. Mastering these nuances allows you to navigate Japanese social descriptions with precision.

The word 親類 (shinrui) is ubiquitous in Japanese life, but its frequency peaks during specific cultural events and life milestones. If you are living in Japan or consuming Japanese media, you will most likely encounter this word in the context of rituals, legalities, and social obligations.

Rituals and Ceremonies: Weddings and funerals are the primary arenas for 'shinrui.' In these settings, seating charts are often organized by the proximity of 'shinrui.' You will hear announcers or family members referring to the 'shinrui-seki' (relatives' seats).

葬儀の際、親類代表として挨拶をした。(I gave a greeting as the representative of the relatives at the funeral.)

Another common place to hear shinrui is during the New Year holidays. Television programs frequently feature segments about people returning to their 'jikka' (parents' home) to meet their shinrui. You might hear a comedian say, 'I hate going home because my shinrui always ask when I'm getting married.' This usage highlights the social pressure often associated with the kin group.

In the realm of news and documentaries, shinrui is used when discussing missing persons, inheritance disputes, or historical lineages. For example, during a news report about a natural disaster, the reporter might mention that survivors are staying with shinrui in neighboring prefectures. This context emphasizes the role of the kin network as a safety net.

Media and Literature: In mystery novels (honkaku mystery), the 'shinrui' gathered at a remote mansion is a staple setup. Characters will often discuss their 'shinrui-kankei' (familial relationships) to establish motives.

ドラマの中で、遺産を巡って親類が争っている。(In the drama, relatives are fighting over an inheritance.)

In daily conversation, while shinseki is more common, you will hear shinrui when someone wants to speak a bit more formally or when they are talking about the 'concept' of being related. For example, 'Are we related?' might be 'Watashitachi, shinrui desu ka?' in a slightly more polite or curious tone. You will also hear it in the phrase shinrui-zukiai, referring to the maintenance of these relationships through gift-giving and visits.

Workplace Context: If you need to take leave for a family matter, you might tell your boss, 'Shinrui ni fukou ga arimashite' (There was a misfortune/death among my relatives).

遠方の親類を訪ねるために、休暇を取った。(I took a vacation to visit relatives far away.)

Finally, you will find shinrui in government offices and on official forms. When applying for certain visas or certificates, you may be asked to list your shinrui in Japan. In these cases, the word is used with legal precision to identify your ties to the country. Whether in the quiet halls of a city hall or the loud living room of a New Year's gathering, shinrui is a word that constantly defines the boundaries of the Japanese 'self' in relation to others.

While 親類 (shinrui) is a common word, learners of Japanese often make several key mistakes regarding its scope, formality, and differentiation from similar terms. Avoiding these pitfalls is crucial for achieving natural-sounding Japanese.

Mistake 1: Confusing Shinrui with Kazoku: The most basic mistake is using 'shinrui' when you mean 'kazoku' (family). In English, 'my family' often includes parents and siblings. In Japanese, 'shinrui' usually refers to the extended family outside the immediate household. If you live with your parents, you wouldn't typically call them your 'shinrui' in daily talk; they are your 'kazoku.'

❌ 私は親類と住んでいます。(I live with my relatives - implies cousins/aunts, not parents.)
✅ 私は家族と住んでいます。(I live with my family.)

Another common error is the confusion between shinrui and shinseki (親戚). While they are synonyms, shinseki is much more common in spoken, casual Japanese. Using shinrui in a very casual conversation with friends can sometimes sound a bit stiff or overly formal, like saying 'my kinsmen' instead of 'my relatives' in English (though not quite that extreme).

A subtle mistake involves the word shinzoku (親族). Shinzoku is a legal term defined by the Japanese Civil Code. It refers to specific degrees of relationship. Using shinzoku when you just want to talk about your relatives in a general way can make you sound like a lawyer or a police officer. Conversely, using shinrui in a legal document where shinzoku is required might be technically imprecise.

Mistake 2: Over-pluralizing: Learners often try to add '-tachi' to 'shinrui' to make it plural (shinrui-tachi). While not strictly 'wrong' in all contexts, 'shinrui' is already a collective noun. Adding '-tachi' makes it sound like 'groups of relatives' or specifically emphasizes the individuals, which is often unnecessary.

❌ 親類たちが来ました。(The relatives [plural] came.)
✅ 親類が来ました。(The relatives came.)

Finally, be careful with the word shin-yuu (親友). Because both words start with the kanji shin (親), beginners sometimes mix them up. Shin-yuu means 'best friend,' while shinrui means 'relative.' Confusing these two can lead to some very strange stories about your social life!

Kanji Confusion: Don't confuse 親類 (shinrui) with 種類 (shurui - type/kind). They share the second kanji, but their meanings are entirely different.

❌ この親類のリンゴは美味しい。(This relative of apple is delicious.)
✅ この種類のリンゴは美味しい。(This kind of apple is delicious.)

In summary, focus on the collective nature of shinrui, use it in formal-to-neutral settings, and distinguish it clearly from your immediate household (kazoku) and your best friends (shinyuu). By keeping these distinctions in mind, you will use the word with the same precision as a native speaker.

Japanese has several words that translate to 'relative' or 'family,' each with its own specific nuance and register. Understanding the differences between 親類 (shinrui) and its alternatives is key to advanced fluency.

親戚 (しんせき, shinseki): This is the most common alternative. It is used in everyday conversation and is slightly less formal than 'shinrui.' If you are talking to a friend about your cousins visiting, 'shinseki' is the most natural choice.

明日、親戚の家に行くんだ。(I'm going to my relative's house tomorrow.)

While 'shinrui' and 'shinseki' are often treated as synonyms, some linguists suggest that 'shinseki' emphasizes the 'connection' (戚) while 'shinrui' emphasizes the 'category' (類). In practice, 'shinrui' is preferred in formal writing, whereas 'shinseki' dominates the spoken language.

親族 (しんぞく, shinzoku): This is a legal and technical term. You will hear it in courtrooms, see it in the Civil Code, and find it on official documents. It has a very specific legal definition: blood relatives within the sixth degree, spouses, and relatives by marriage within the third degree.

法律上の親族の範囲を確認する。(Confirm the scope of legal relatives.)

身内 (みうち, miuchi): This word refers to one's 'inner circle.' It can include family and relatives, but it can also include very close friends or even members of the same organization (like a gang or a tight-knit company). It has a warm, 'us versus them' nuance.

これは身内だけの秘密です。(This is a secret only for the inner circle/family.)

Another term is 血縁 (kekken), which specifically means 'blood relation.' This is used when talking about biological ties rather than legal ones (like marriage). If you want to say someone is your 'blood relative,' you would use this word.

Comparison Table

親戚: Common, spoken, general.
親類: Formal, written, general.
親族: Legal, technical, precise.
身内: Informal, emotional, inclusive of non-relatives.

彼とは血縁関係にない。(I have no blood relation with him.)

By choosing the right word, you signal your understanding of the social distance and the context of the relationship. Whether you are filling out a legal form (shinzoku), talking to a neighbor (shinseki), or writing a formal New Year's card (shinrui), having these alternatives ready will greatly enhance your Japanese communication skills.

How Formal Is It?

حقيقة ممتعة

The kanji '類' (rui) is also used in the word for 'humanity' (jinrui), suggesting that 'shinrui' is the specific group within humanity that you belong to.

دليل النطق

UK /ʃin.ɾɯi/

US /ʃin.ɹui/

Heiban (Flat) pitch accent. The pitch stays relatively level throughout the word.

يتقافى مع

Shurui (種類 - Type) Jinrui (人類 - Humanity) Chourui (鳥類 - Birds) Gyorui (魚類 - Fishes) Horuui (哺乳類 - Mammals) Bunrui (分類 - Classification) Kenrui (堅塁 - Stronghold) Hakirui (履物類 - Footwear)

أخطاء شائعة

Pronouncing 'rui' as 'roo-ee' with two distinct syllables; it should flow together.
Making the 'n' too heavy like the English 'n' in 'sun'.
Stressing the first syllable too much.
Confusing the pitch accent with 'shurui' (type).
Not pronouncing the 'i' at the end clearly.

مستوى الصعوبة

القراءة 3/5

The kanji are relatively common but the second one (類) has many strokes.

الكتابة 4/5

Writing '類' correctly requires attention to stroke order and balance.

التحدث 2/5

Easy to pronounce, though distinguishing from 'shinseki' takes practice.

الاستماع 2/5

Distinctive sound, unlikely to be confused with other common words.

ماذا تتعلّم بعد ذلك

المتطلبات الأساسية

家族 (Family) 親 (Parent) 種類 (Type) 会う (To meet) 家 (House)

تعلّم لاحقاً

親戚 (Relative - casual) 親族 (Relative - legal) 法事 (Buddhist memorial service) 冠婚葬祭 (Ceremonial occasions) 世間 (Society/The world)

متقدم

系譜 (Genealogy) 姻戚 (Affinity/Marriage relation) 傍系 (Collateral line) 直系 (Direct line) 尊属 (Ascendant relative)

قواعد يجب معرفتها

Noun + にあたる (To correspond to/be related to)

彼は私の親類にあたります。

Noun + 同士 (Fellow/Between)

親類同士で助け合う。

Noun + 中 (Throughout/All over)

親類中に知れ渡る。

Noun + 一同 (All/The whole)

親類一同で集まった。

Potential Form + ように (So that/In order to)

親類に会えるように、休みを取った。

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

أمثلة حسب المستوى

日本に親類がいます。

I have relatives in Japan.

Simple 'ga imasu' pattern for existence.

親類はアメリカに住んでいます。

My relatives live in America.

Using 'wa' to mark the subject and 'sunde imasu' for residence.

親類に会いたいです。

I want to meet my relatives.

'-tai' form expressing desire.

これは親類の写真です。

This is a photo of my relatives.

Possessive 'no' linking relatives and photo.

親類は優しいです。

My relatives are kind.

Simple adjective sentence.

明日、親類が来ます。

My relatives are coming tomorrow.

Future/present tense 'kimasu'.

親類は五人います。

I have five relatives.

Using counters for people (nin).

親類とごはんを食べます。

I eat a meal with my relatives.

Particle 'to' meaning 'with'.

お正月に親類の家へ行きました。

I went to my relatives' house during New Year.

Past tense 'ikimashita' with time marker 'ni'.

私の親類はみんな親切です。

All of my relatives are kind.

'Minna' used as an adverb meaning 'all'.

親類から手紙が届きました。

A letter arrived from a relative.

Particle 'kara' meaning 'from'.

遠い親類に電話をかけました。

I made a phone call to a distant relative.

'Tooi' (distant) modifying 'shinrui'.

親類がたくさん集まりました。

Many relatives gathered.

Adverb 'takusan' with verb 'atsumarimashita'.

親類に子供が生まれました。

A baby was born to a relative.

Passive/intransitive use of 'umareta'.

親類と一緒に旅行しました。

I traveled together with my relatives.

'Issho ni' meaning 'together'.

親類の名前を覚えていますか。

Do you remember your relatives' names?

'-te imasu ka' for state of memory.

彼は私の遠い親類にあたります。

He is a distant relative of mine.

'Ni ataru' is a formal way to describe a relationship.

結婚式には多くの親類が招待された。

Many relatives were invited to the wedding.

Passive form 'shoutai sareta'.

親類の間でその話が広まった。

That story spread among the relatives.

'No aida de' meaning 'among'.

親類を訪ねて、田舎へ行った。

I visited my relatives and went to the countryside.

Te-form 'tazunete' for sequential actions.

困ったときは親類に相談することにしている。

I make it a rule to consult my relatives when I'm in trouble.

'Koto ni shite iru' indicates a habit or rule.

親類からの援助で大学を卒業できた。

I was able to graduate from university thanks to help from relatives.

Potential form 'sotsugyou dekita'.

親類づきあいは大変だが、大切だ。

Maintaining relations with relatives is hard, but important.

'Shinrui-zukiai' is a common compound noun.

あの二人は親類同士だそうです。

I heard those two are related to each other.

'Doushi' means 'fellow' or 'each other'.

親類縁者が一堂に会する機会は滅多にない。

Opportunities for all relatives and connections to gather in one place are rare.

'Shinrui-enja' is a formal collective term.

親類に迷惑をかけないように、自立したい。

I want to be independent so as not to cause trouble for my relatives.

'You ni' expressing purpose/intent.

彼は親類の反対を押し切って結婚した。

He got married despite the opposition of his relatives.

'Oshikiru' means to overcome or push through.

親類の不祥事が彼のキャリアに影響した。

A relative's scandal affected his career.

Noun 'fushouji' (scandal) with 'eikyou shita'.

遺産相続を巡って、親類の間で争いが起きた。

A dispute arose among the relatives over the inheritance.

'O megutte' meaning 'concerning/over'.

親類といえども、金銭の貸し借りは慎むべきだ。

Even if they are relatives, one should refrain from lending and borrowing money.

'To iedomo' means 'even though/even if'.

彼女は親類の中でも特に優秀だと評判だ。

She has a reputation for being particularly brilliant even among her relatives.

'No naka demo' for emphasis within a group.

親類関係を維持するためには、こまめな連絡が必要だ。

Frequent contact is necessary to maintain family relationships.

'Tame ni wa' expressing a requirement.

旧家である彼の家には、膨大な数の親類がいる。

His family, being an old and established one, has a vast number of relatives.

'Kyuuka' refers to an old, distinguished family.

親類という絆が、時には重圧となることもある。

The bond of being relatives can sometimes become a heavy pressure.

Abstract noun 'juuatsu' (heavy pressure).

彼は親類の期待を一身に背負って医者になった。

He became a doctor, carrying all the expectations of his relatives on his shoulders.

'Isshin ni seou' is an idiomatic expression for taking everything on oneself.

親類付き合いの希薄化が、現代社会の問題の一つだ。

The weakening of relationships with relatives is one of the problems of modern society.

'Kihakuka' means becoming thin or weak.

その土地は、代々親類の間で守られてきた。

That land has been protected among relatives for generations.

Passive 'mamorate kita' indicating a continuous state.

親類中に知れ渡るような恥ずかしい真似はするな。

Don't do anything so shameful that it would become known to all the relatives.

'-juu' suffix meaning 'throughout/all over'.

彼は親類のコネを利用して、今の地位を築いた。

He built his current position by utilizing his relatives' connections.

'Kone' is the Japanese shortening of 'connection'.

親類としての義務を果たすことが、彼の信条だ。

Fulfilling his duties as a relative is his creed.

'Gimu o hatasu' means to fulfill an obligation.

民法上の親族と、世俗的な親類の概念は必ずしも一致しない。

The concept of 'shinzoku' in the Civil Code and the mundane concept of 'shinrui' do not necessarily coincide.

'Kanarazushimo ... nai' means 'not always/not necessarily'.

親類縁者の系譜を辿ると、意外な歴史が浮かび上がった。

Tracing the genealogy of his relatives and connections revealed an unexpected history.

'Keifu o tadoru' means to trace a genealogy.

彼は親類一同の総意として、その提案を拒絶した。

He rejected the proposal as the consensus of all the relatives.

'Soui' means consensus or collective will.

親類というセーフティネットが機能不全に陥っている。

The safety net of relatives is falling into a state of dysfunction.

'Kinou fuzen' means dysfunction.

近親婚の禁止は、多くの文化圏で親類規定の根幹をなす。

The prohibition of consanguineous marriage forms the basis of kinship regulations in many cultures.

'Konkan o nasu' means to form the core/basis.

親類関係の縺れが、取り返しのつかない悲劇を招いた。

The entanglement of relative relationships led to an irreversible tragedy.

'Motsure' means entanglement or complication.

家父長制の下では、親類内での序列が厳格に定められていた。

Under the patriarchal system, the hierarchy within the relatives was strictly determined.

'Kafuchousei' means patriarchy.

親類という枠組みを超えた、新たな連帯が模索されている。

New forms of solidarity that transcend the framework of relatives are being explored.

'Wakugumi o koeru' means to transcend a framework.

تلازمات شائعة

遠い親類

親類にあたる

親類を訪ねる

親類が集まる

親類づきあい

親類一同

親類縁者

近い親類

親類を頼る

親類に不幸がある

العبارات الشائعة

親類は他人の始まり

— Even relatives can become like strangers once trouble starts. It warns against over-reliance.

お金のことで揉めて、親類は他人の始まりだと実感した。

親類を回る

— To go around and visit various relatives, usually during holidays.

お盆には親類を回って挨拶をする。

親類自慢

— Boasting about one's successful or famous relatives.

彼の親類自慢には、もう飽き飽きだ。

親類の顔に泥を塗る

— To bring shame upon one's relatives.

そんな犯罪を犯せば、親類の顔に泥を塗ることになる。

親類が絶える

— To have no relatives left; the family line ends.

彼は一人っ子で、親類も絶えてしまった。

親類並みの付き合い

— A relationship with someone who is not a relative but is treated like one.

隣の家の人とは、親類並みの付き合いをしている。

親類を捜す

— To search for lost or unknown relatives.

家系図を作って、親類を捜している。

親類に預ける

— To leave someone (like a child) in the care of relatives.

出張の間、子供を親類に預けた。

親類からの紹介

— An introduction or referral through a relative.

親類からの紹介で、今の仕事を見つけた。

親類中が騒ぐ

— All the relatives are in an uproar or talking about something.

彼の結婚発表で、親類中が騒いでいる。

يُخلط عادةً مع

親類 vs 親戚 (Shinseki)

Almost identical, but 'shinseki' is more colloquial and 'shinrui' is more formal.

親類 vs 種類 (Shurui)

Sounds similar and shares the second kanji, but means 'type' or 'kind' of object.

親類 vs 親友 (Shinyuu)

Shares the first kanji 'shin' (close), but means 'best friend' rather than 'relative'.

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

"親類は他人の始まり"

— Relatives are the beginning of strangers. This means that once a relationship sours, relatives can become colder than strangers.

遺産争いで親類は他人の始まりという言葉を思い出した。

Proverbial

"遠くの親類より近くの他人"

— A stranger who lives nearby is more helpful than a relative who lives far away.

病気の時に助けてくれたのは、遠くの親類より近くの他人だった。

Common Proverb

"親類縁者"

— One's entire circle of relatives and connected people.

親類縁者が集まって、盛大なパーティーを開いた。

Formal

"親類を売る"

— To betray or use one's relatives for personal gain.

彼は自分の利益のために親類を売るような男だ。

Informal/Negative

"親類の顔色をうかがう"

— To be excessively concerned with what one's relatives think.

彼女はいつも親類の顔色をうかがって行動している。

Idiomatic

"親類に顔が利く"

— To have influence or be well-known among one's relatives.

彼は親類に顔が利くので、相談に乗ってもらった。

Idiomatic

"親類の脛をかじる"

— To live off the support of one's relatives (similar to 'sponging off parents').

いい年をして親類の脛をかじっている。

Colloquial

"親類を頼りにする"

— To lean on or rely heavily on one's relatives.

困ったときは親類を頼りにするのが一番だ。

Neutral

"親類の恥"

— A disgrace to the family or relatives.

あんなことをするなんて、親類の恥だ。

Harsh/Formal

"親類の誼"

— The friendship or bond shared between relatives.

親類の誼で、特別に招待された。

Formal/Literary

سهل الخلط

親類 vs 家族 (Kazoku)

Both refer to family members.

Kazoku is your immediate family living with you; Shinrui is your extended family.

家族は三人ですが、親類はたくさんいます。

親類 vs 親族 (Shinzoku)

Both mean relative.

Shinzoku is a legal term with a strict definition; Shinrui is a general social term.

法律では、いとこは親族に含まれる。

親類 vs 身内 (Miuchi)

Both refer to people close to you.

Miuchi is very informal and can include non-relatives who are like family.

身内だけで静かに葬儀を行った。

親類 vs 縁者 (Enja)

Both mean related people.

Enja is more formal and often implies a connection through marriage or distant ties.

彼は私の遠い縁者だ。

親類 vs 人類 (Jinrui)

Shares the same 'rui' kanji.

Jinrui means 'humanity' or 'mankind' as a whole.

人類の歴史を勉強する。

أنماط الجُمل

[Person] wa shinrui desu.

田中さんは私の親類です。

Shinrui no ie e ikimasu.

お正月に親類の家へ行きます。

[Person] wa [Person] no shinrui ni ataru.

彼は私の親類にあたります。

Shinrui ni meiwaku o kakeru.

親類に迷惑をかけたくない。

Shinrui-juu ni shirewataru.

そのニュースは親類中に知れ渡った。

Shinrui toshite no gimu.

親類としての義務を果たす。

Shinrui-enja ga ichidou ni kaisuru.

親類縁者が一堂に会した。

Shinrui kankei no motsure.

親類関係の縺れを解消する。

عائلة الكلمة

الأسماء

親戚 (Shinseki - Relative)

親族 (Shinzoku - Legal Relative)

親 (Oya - Parent)

類 (Rui - Kind/Category)

الصفات

親類らしい (Shinrui-rashii - Like a relative)

مرتبط

家族 (Kazoku - Family)

血縁 (Kekken - Blood relation)

姻戚 (Inseki - Relative by marriage)

家系 (Kakei - Family line)

先祖 (Senzo - Ancestor)

سجّل مجاناً لرؤية جميع الأمثلة

كيفية الاستخدام

frequency

Common in formal speech, literature, and news; less common than 'shinseki' in daily chat.

أخطاء شائعة

Using 'shinrui' for best friends. → 親友 (Shinyuu) or 親しい友達 (Shitashii tomodachi).
'Shinrui' is strictly for people related by blood or marriage. Even if a friend is 'like a brother,' you shouldn't call them 'shinrui' in a literal sense.
Saying 'shinrui' when you mean 'parents'. → 両親 (Ryoushin) or 家族 (Kazoku).
While parents are relatives, 'shinrui' is almost always used to refer to people outside the immediate household in daily conversation.
Adding '-tachi' unnecessarily. → 親類が来ます。
'Shinrui' is a collective noun. Adding '-tachi' is usually redundant and can sound slightly unnatural to native speakers.
Confusing 'shinrui' with 'shurui'. → 種類 (Shurui).
Learners often mix these up because they share the 'rui' kanji. Remember: 'Shin' = Parent (Relative), 'Shu' = Seed/Species (Type).
Using 'shinzoku' in a casual chat. → 親戚 (Shinseki) or 親類 (Shinrui).
'Shinzoku' is a clinical, legal term. Using it with friends makes you sound like you're reading a law book or discussing a police report.

نصائح

Formal vs. Informal

If you are in a job interview or writing an essay, use '親類'. If you are at a bar with friends, use '親戚'. This distinction shows you understand Japanese social registers.

Using 'Ni Ataru'

Instead of just saying 'Kare wa watashi no shinrui desu', try 'Kare wa watashi no shinrui ni atarimasu'. It sounds much more sophisticated and is the standard way to describe a kinship link.

New Year's Context

Mentioning '親類' during New Year's conversations is very natural. It's the time when everyone in Japan returns to their hometowns to see their kin group.

Kanji Breakdown

Focus on the '親' (parent) part. If you know 'parents' (ryoushin) or 'kindness' (shinsetsu), you already know half of 'shinrui'. The 'rui' part is just the 'category'.

Don't Overuse '-tachi'

Avoid saying 'shinrui-tachi'. 'Shinrui' is already a collective noun. If you want to talk about everyone, use 'shinrui-juu' (all through the relatives) instead.

Gift Giving

Remember that '親類' often implies 'Giri' (obligation). If you have 'shinrui' in Japan, you are expected to participate in the gift-giving culture.

Stroke Order for 類

The kanji 類 is complex. Practice the left side (rice + large) and the right side (head) separately to get the balance right.

Identify the 'Shin'

In fast speech, 'shinrui' and 'shinseki' sound similar because they both start with 'shin'. Listen for the 'rui' or 'seki' at the end to know the level of formality.

Know 'Shinzoku'

If you are dealing with Japanese paperwork (visas, etc.), you will see '親族'. Don't be confused; it's just the legal version of '親類'.

Context Clues

If you see '親類' in a novel, it often signals that a character's family background or social standing is about to be discussed.

احفظها

وسيلة تذكّر

Think of 'Shin' as 'Skin' (blood) and 'Rui' as 'Rule'. Your 'Shinrui' are the people who share your 'skin' and the family 'rules'.

ربط بصري

Imagine a large family tree where each branch is a different 'category' (rui) of your 'parents' (shin).

Word Web

親 (Parent) 戚 (Relative) 族 (Tribe/Family) 類 (Kind) 血 (Blood) 家 (House) 縁 (Connection) 婚 (Marriage)

تحدٍّ

Try to list five people in your life who would be considered your 'shinrui' and use the word in a sentence for each.

أصل الكلمة

The word is of Sino-Japanese origin (Kango). It combines the kanji for 'parent/intimate' and 'kind/category.'

المعنى الأصلي: A category of people who are close or related by birth.

Japonic (Sino-Japanese vocabulary)

السياق الثقافي

Be careful when asking about someone's 'shinrui' if they have a complicated family history, as it can be a sensitive topic.

In English-speaking cultures, 'family' is often more nuclear-focused. 'Relatives' is used similarly to 'shinrui,' but the social obligation to distant cousins is generally weaker than in Japan.

The film 'Summer Wars' features a massive 'shinrui' gathering as a central plot point. Natsume Soseki's novels often explore the suffocating nature of 'shinrui' obligations. The 'Shinrui-kaigi' in the anime 'The Eccentric Family' (Uchouten Kazoku).

تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية

سياقات واقعية

New Year's (Oshougatsu)

親類に挨拶する
親類が集まる
親類の家へ行く
親類にお年玉をあげる

Weddings (Kekkonshiki)

親類を招待する
親類代表の挨拶
親類席に座る
遠方の親類

Funerals (Soushiki)

親類に連絡する
親類で葬儀を行う
親類に不幸がある
親類一同

Legal/Administrative

親類関係の証明
親類を保証人にする
親類の同意を得る
身寄りのない親類

Daily Conversation

親類自慢
親類づきあい
遠い親類
親類に似ている

بدايات محادثة

"日本に親類はいますか？ (Do you have any relatives in Japan?)"

"お正月は親類と過ごしますか？ (Do you spend New Year's with your relatives?)"

"親類の中に、有名な人はいますか？ (Is there anyone famous among your relatives?)"

"親類づきあいは大変だと思いますか？ (Do you think maintaining relative relations is difficult?)"

"あなたの親類はどこに住んでいますか？ (Where do your relatives live?)"

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

あなたの親類について、一番面白いエピソードを書いてください。 (Write about the most interesting episode involving your relatives.)

親類が集まった時の思い出を詳しく描写してください。 (Describe in detail a memory of when your relatives gathered.)

「遠くの親類より近くの他人」という言葉について、どう思いますか？ (What do you think about the saying 'A stranger nearby is better than a distant relative'?)

あなたの国と日本で、親類との付き合い方に違いはありますか？ (Are there differences in how you interact with relatives in your country versus Japan?)

将来、どのような親類関係を築きたいですか？ (What kind of relationships with your relatives do you want to build in the future?)

الأسئلة الشائعة

10 أسئلة

In a technical and legal sense, yes, parents are part of your 'shinrui.' However, in daily Japanese, people usually use 'kazoku' for parents and siblings and 'shinrui' or 'shinseki' for extended family like aunts and cousins. If you say 'I am going to meet my shinrui,' people will assume you are seeing someone outside your immediate household.

Use 'shinrui' when you are writing a formal letter, giving a speech at a wedding, or reading a news report. Use 'shinseki' when you are talking to friends, classmates, or in any casual setting. 'Shinrui' feels a bit more structured and distant, while 'shinseki' feels warmer and more common.

Japanese nouns don't have a plural form. 'Shinrui' can refer to one relative or your entire extended family. If you want to emphasize 'everyone,' you can say 'shinrui-juu' or 'shinrui-ichidou.' For example, 'Shinrui-ichidou ga iwai ni kita' means 'All the relatives came to celebrate.'

'Shinrui' is a social term used in daily life and literature. 'Shinzoku' is a legal term used in the Japanese Civil Code. You will see 'shinzoku' on government forms or in court. Unless you are talking about legal rights or inheritance law, 'shinrui' or 'shinseki' is usually better.

No. Even if you are very close, 'shinrui' specifically requires a blood or marriage connection. If you want to say a friend is like family, you can use 'miuchi' or the phrase 'shinrui-nammi no tsukiai' (a relationship like relatives), but calling them 'shinrui' directly would be confusing.

You say 'tooi shinrui' (遠い親類). Conversely, a close relative is 'chikai shinrui' (近い親類). This is a very common way to describe how well you know the person or how closely you are related on the family tree.

'Shinrui-zukiai' (親類づきあい) refers to the act of maintaining relationships with relatives. This includes visiting them during holidays, sending gifts (like for Oseibo), attending their weddings and funerals, and keeping in touch. It is often described as something that can be a bit of a burden but is socially necessary.

Generally, no. Japanese people love their pets, but 'shinrui' is reserved for human connections. You might hear someone jokingly call their pet 'kazoku' (family), but 'shinrui' is too formal and specific for animals.

The kanji are 親 (shin - parent/intimate) and 類 (rui - kind/type). It is helpful to remember that 'shin' is also in 'ryoushin' (parents) and 'rui' is in 'shurui' (type). Together they mean 'the type of people related to my parents.'

No, 'shinrui' is strictly a noun. You cannot say 'shinrui-suru.' You must use it with verbs like 'shinrui ni ataru' (to be a relative) or 'shinrui o tazuneru' (to visit a relative).

سجّل مجاناً للنصائح والملاحظات