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A1 adjective محايد #4,500 الأكثر شيوعاً 3 دقيقة للقراءة

겸손하다

gyeomsonhada /kjʌm.so̞n.ha.da̠/
تدرّب عليها

Overview

The Korean word '겸손하다' (gyeomsonhada) is a versatile adjective that encapsulates the concept of humility, modesty, and having a low estimate of one's own importance. It is a highly valued trait in Korean culture, often associated with respect, wisdom, and inner strength rather than weakness.

**Etymology and Nuances:**

The word '겸손하다' is a compound of two Sino-Korean characters:

  • 겸 (謙 - gyeom): This character means 'humble,' 'modest,' or 'yielding.' It conveys the idea of not being arrogant or boastful.
  • 손 (遜 - son): This character also means 'humble,' 'modest,' or 'to yield.' It reinforces the idea of deference and not putting oneself above others.

Together, '겸손하다' paints a picture of someone who is unassuming, not boastful, and who recognizes their place in the grand scheme of things without self-aggrandizement. It's not about self-deprecation in a negative sense, but rather a healthy self-awareness that avoids arrogance.

**Usage and Context:**

'겸손하다' can be used in various contexts to describe individuals, their actions, or their demeanor:

  • Describing a Person: “그는 항상 겸손하고 친절하다.” (Geuneun hangsang gyeomsonhago chinjeolhada.) - “He is always humble and kind.”
  • Describing an Attitude/Behavior: “그의 겸손한 태도가 인상 깊었다.” (Geuui gyeomsonhan taedoga insang gipeotda.) - “His humble attitude was impressive.”
  • Expressing a Wish/Command (in polite forms): “항상 겸손한 마음을 가지세요.” (Hangsang gyeomsonhan maeumeul gajiseyo.) - “Always have a humble heart.”

**Cultural Significance:**

In Korean society, humility is deeply ingrained in social interactions and expectations. Children are often taught from a young age to be humble, especially in the presence of elders or superiors. Bragging or overtly showing off one's achievements can be seen as impolite or even rude. Instead, it is often expected that one downplays their successes and acknowledges the contributions of others.

  • Respect for Elders: Humility is closely linked to respecting one's elders and those in positions of authority. A humble person listens attentively, speaks respectfully, and doesn't interrupt.
  • Group Harmony: In a collective culture like Korea, humility contributes to group harmony. An overly proud individual can disrupt the balance and create friction, whereas a humble person fosters a more cooperative environment.
  • Learning and Growth: A humble mindset is often seen as a prerequisite for learning and personal growth. If one believes they already know everything, they stop seeking new knowledge.

**Antonyms and Related Concepts:**

  • Opposite: '오만하다' (omanhada - arrogant, conceited), '거만하다' (geomanda - haughty, supercilious).
  • Related Positive Traits: '예의 바르다' (yeui bareuda - polite, well-mannered), '공손하다' (gongsonhada - courteous, polite).

Understanding '겸손하다' goes beyond a simple dictionary definition; it provides insight into a fundamental aspect of Korean values and social dynamics. It's a quality that is admired and sought after, reflecting a deep respect for others and a grounded sense of self.

أمثلة

1

그는 자신의 성공에도 불구하고 항상 겸손했다.

Describes someone's character even when successful.

Despite his success, he always remained humble.

2

겸손한 태도는 다른 사람들에게 좋은 인상을 줍니다.

Discussing the positive impact of humility.

A humble attitude leaves a good impression on others.

3

아무리 뛰어난 재능을 가졌더라도 겸손해야 합니다.

Advising on the importance of humility regardless of talent.

No matter how great one's talent, one should be humble.

4

그녀는 자신의 업적을 겸손하게 이야기했다.

Describing how someone communicates their accomplishments.

She spoke humbly about her achievements.

5

겸손한 마음으로 배우고 싶습니다.

Expressing a desire to learn with humility.

I want to learn with a humble heart.

تلازمات شائعة

겸손한 태도
겸손하게 행동하다
겸손한 사람
겸손의 미덕

يُخلط عادةً مع

겸손하다 مقابل 겸연쩍다
겸손하다 (gyemsonhada) means to be humble or modest. 겸연쩍다 (gyemyeonjeokda) means to be abashed, embarrassed, or awkward. While both can relate to feelings of discomfort or self-consciousness, 겸손하다 is about a modest disposition, whereas 겸연쩍다 is about feeling awkward or shy in a particular situation, often due to embarrassment.
겸손하다 مقابل 공손하다
겸손하다 (gyemsonhada) means to be humble or modest, focusing on one's internal disposition and self-assessment. 공손하다 (gongsonhada) means to be polite or courteous, focusing on outward behavior and manners towards others. One can be humble without necessarily being overtly polite in every interaction, and one can be polite without being truly humble.

أنماط نحوية

겸손한 사람 (a humble person) 겸손하게 행동하다 (to act humbly) 겸손이 미덕이다 (humility is a virtue)

كيفية الاستخدام

ملاحظات الاستخدام

When using '겸손하다,' it generally describes a person's character or demeanor. It can be used in a positive sense to commend someone for their modest attitude, e.g., '그는 겸손한 사람이에요' (Geuneun gyeomsonhan saramieyo - He is a humble person). It can also be used as an adjective modifying a noun, such as '겸손한 태도' (gyeomsonhan taedo - a humble attitude). While generally positive, in some very specific, nuanced situations, an excessive display of humility might be perceived as a lack of confidence, though this is less common. It's important to differentiate it from false modesty, as true '겸손' comes from a genuine place of self-awareness and respect for others, rather than an attempt to elicit compliments. The term can be used in formal and informal settings without significant changes in meaning, but the politeness level of the sentence structure will vary.

أخطاء شائعة

A common mistake might be confusing '겸손하다' (to be humble) with other adjectives that describe positive character traits like '친절하다' (to be kind) or '정직하다' (to be honest). While a humble person might also be kind or honest, '겸손하다' specifically refers to modesty and a lack of arrogance. Another potential pitfall is using it incorrectly in a sentence where '수줍다' (to be shy/bashful) might be more appropriate. While shyness can sometimes be a manifestation of humility, they are not interchangeable. '겸손하다' describes a disposition of modesty and understating one's own abilities or importance, whereas '수줍다' describes a feeling of nervousness or awkwardness in social situations. Ensure to use '겸손하다' when the intent is to describe genuine modesty and a lack of self-importance, rather than simply being reserved or timid. It's also important to note that in Korean culture, humility is often highly valued, and excessive self-promotion can be seen negatively.

نصائح

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Word Breakdown

The word '겸손하다' (gyeomsonhada) is an adjective in Korean, meaning 'to be humble.' It is composed of two parts: '겸손' (gyeomson), which means humility or modesty, and '하다' (hada), a verb that means 'to do' or 'to be,' which transforms the noun into an adjective in this context. Understanding these components can help in recognizing similar word structures in Korean.
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Common Mistakes & Nuances

A common mistake might be confusing '겸손하다' with simply being shy or lacking confidence. While a humble person might also be shy, the core meaning of '겸손하다' emphasizes a modest view of one's own importance, rather than a lack of self-esteem. It's about acknowledging one's strengths without arrogance and being open to learning from others. The nuance lies in the positive connotation of self-awareness and respect for others, as opposed to a negative connotation of self-deprecation.
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Usage in Context

'겸손하다' is often used to describe someone's character or attitude. For example, '그는 항상 겸손하다' (geuneun hangsang gyeomsonhada) means 'He is always humble.' It can also be used in situations where someone displays modesty despite their achievements, like '성공에도 불구하고 그는 겸손함을 잃지 않았다' (seonggongedo bulguhago geuneun gyeomsonhameul ilchi anatda), which translates to 'Despite his success, he did not lose his humility.' It's a highly valued trait in Korean culture.

أصل الكلمة

The Korean word '겸손하다' (gyeomsonhada) meaning 'to be humble' or 'modest' has its roots in Sino-Korean vocabulary. It is composed of two Sino-Korean characters: '겸' (gyeom) and '손' (son). * **겸 (謙 - gyeom):** This character means 'humble,' 'modest,' 'polite,' or 'to yield.' It often implies a respectful and unassuming demeanor, a willingness to defer to others, and an absence of arrogance. * **손 (遜 - son):** This character also carries meanings related to 'humility,' 'modesty,' 'to yield,' or 'to give way.' It reinforces the idea of not being ostentatious or overbearing, and of showing deference. In classical Chinese and older Korean texts, '遜' often appeared in contexts describing respectful submission or yielding to a superior. When combined, '겸손' (謙遜 - gyeomson) forms a compound noun directly meaning 'humility' or 'modesty.' The suffix '하다' (hada) is a common Korean light verb that attaches to nouns to transform them into active verbs or adjectives. Therefore, '겸손하다' literally translates to 'to do humility' or 'to be in a state of humility,' effectively meaning 'to be humble' or 'to be modest.' The concept of '겸손' is deeply ingrained in East Asian Confucian ethics, where humility is considered a cardinal virtue. It emphasizes self-effacement, respect for elders and superiors, and a general understated approach to one's own achievements and status. This philosophical background has significantly shaped the usage and nuance of the word in Korean language and culture. Historical records show the use of '겸손' in various forms throughout Korean history, especially in literature and official documents influenced by classical Chinese. Its meaning has remained consistent over centuries, reflecting a continuous cultural value placed on humility and modesty.

السياق الثقافي

In Korean culture, '겸손하다' (gyeomsonhada) is a highly valued trait, deeply rooted in Confucian ideals that emphasize respect for elders and social harmony. Humility is often seen as a virtue that allows individuals to learn and grow, as it implies an openness to feedback and a recognition of one's own limitations. Displaying humility can foster stronger relationships, as it shows consideration for others and avoids perceived arrogance. It's common to see people downplaying their achievements or abilities, not necessarily due to a lack of confidence, but as a way to be polite and maintain social equilibrium. This contrasts with some Western cultures where self-promotion might be more accepted or even encouraged in certain professional contexts.

نصيحة للحفظ

Visualize a 'humble' person bowing deeply. The '겸' (gyeom) in 겸손하다 sounds a bit like 'bowing down' or 'bending'. The '손' (son) can be associated with 'hand' (손), as in putting your hands together respectfully.

الأسئلة الشائعة

4 أسئلة
'겸손하다' (gyeomsonhada) is a Korean adjective that translates to 'to be humble.' It describes a quality of having or showing a modest or low estimate of one's own importance, accomplishments, or abilities. It implies a lack of arrogance or boastfulness, often accompanied by respect for others.
'겸손하다' is used to describe a person's character or attitude. For example, '그는 항상 겸손하다' (geuneun hangsang gyeomsonhada) means 'He is always humble.' It can also be used with adverbs like '매우' (maeu, very) or '좀' (jom, a bit) to modify the degree of humility. For instance, '그녀는 매우 겸손한 사람이다' (geunyeoneun maeu gyeomsonhan saramida) means 'She is a very humble person.'
Synonyms for '겸손하다' include '겸양하다' (gyeomyanghada, to be modest/humble) and '겸허하다' (gyeomheohada, to be modest/self-effacing). Related concepts encompass '예의 바르다' (yeui bareuda, to be polite/well-mannered), as humility often goes hand-in-hand with politeness, and '낮은 자세를 취하다' (najeun jaseureul chwihada, to take a low posture), which describes adopting a humble stance.
In Korean culture, humility ('겸손하다') is highly valued as a significant virtue. It reflects respect for elders and superiors, a willingness to learn, and an understanding of one's place within a community. It is seen as a foundational quality for harmonious relationships and is often associated with wisdom and inner strength rather than weakness. Demonstrating humility can foster trust and positive social interactions.

اختبر نفسك

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그는 자신의 성공에도 불구하고 항상 ___ 행동했습니다.

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة:
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진정한 리더는 권력을 가졌을 때에도 ___ 태도를 유지합니다.

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة:
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새로운 지식을 배울 때에는 ___ 마음가짐이 중요합니다.

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