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B1 noun #1,600 الأكثر شيوعاً 9 دقيقة للقراءة

责任

zérèn الأكثر شيوعاً #1,600

تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح 责任 في 30 ثانية

الشرح 责任 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you only need to know that 责任 (zhérèn) means 'responsibility.' You might hear it in very simple contexts, like a teacher telling a student to be responsible for their books. It is a 'big' word for A1, but it's useful to recognize. Think of it as 'my job' or 'what I must do.' You can use it in simple sentences like '这是我的责任' (This is my responsibility). At this stage, don't worry about the complex grammar; just focus on the basic meaning of having a duty. You might see it in simple signs or children's books about being a 'good kid' who helps at home. It is often paired with '好' (good) or '对' (correct). Even at this early stage, understanding that Chinese culture values 责任 will help you understand why people act the way they do in daily life.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the A2 level, you can start using 责任 in slightly more complex sentences. You should learn the phrase '有责任' (have responsibility). For example, '我有责任学好汉语' (I have a responsibility to learn Chinese well). You can also use it to talk about family roles, such as '父母有责任照顾孩子' (Parents have a responsibility to take care of children). At this level, you are beginning to see how 责任 is used to describe roles in society. You might also encounter the word '负责' (fùzé), which is the verb form meaning 'to be in charge of.' Understanding the link between 责任 (the noun) and 负责 (the verb) is key. You can start to use it in basic workplace conversations, like '谁负责这个？' (Who is responsible for this?). This helps you navigate daily tasks and understand who is in charge of what.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the B1 level, you should be able to use 责任 to discuss social issues and personal character. This is the level where you learn the term '责任感' (zhérèngǎn - sense of responsibility). You can describe people as having a 'strong sense of responsibility' (责任感很强). You should also learn common verb pairings like '承担责任' (bear responsibility) and '逃避责任' (evade responsibility). In B1 writing, you might be asked to write about environmental protection or family duties; 责任 is a perfect word for these topics. You can say things like '保护地球是每个人的责任' (Protecting the Earth is everyone's responsibility). You should also understand the difference between 责任 and 任务 (task), recognizing that 责任 is more about a long-term duty while 任务 is a specific job to finish. This distinction is crucial for passing B1-level exams.

At the B2 level, you are expected to use 责任 in formal and academic contexts. You should be comfortable discussing '社会责任' (social responsibility) and '法律责任' (legal responsibility). You will encounter this word in news reports about corporate ethics or government policy. You should master the structure '对...负有责任' (to bear responsibility for...). For example, '企业应对环境污染负有法律责任' (Enterprises should bear legal responsibility for environmental pollution). You will also learn more sophisticated synonyms like '职责' (professional duty) and '义务' (obligation), and you should know when to use each. B2 learners should be able to argue about who is responsible for social problems in a debate or a long essay. You should also understand idioms or formal phrases like '责无旁贷' (to be duty-bound), which shows a high level of proficiency.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the C1 level, 责任 becomes a tool for deep philosophical and social analysis. You will use it to discuss complex topics like 'collective responsibility' vs. 'individual responsibility.' You should be able to analyze how the concept of 责任 has evolved in Chinese history, from Confucian duties to modern civic responsibilities. You will encounter the word in legal documents, high-level political speeches, and literary works. You should be able to use nuanced verbs like '推卸' (to shift/shirk), '履行' (to fulfill), and '追究' (to hold accountable). For instance, '追究相关人员的刑事责任' (to hold relevant personnel criminally responsible). At this level, you should also understand the cultural nuances—how 责任 is often tied to 'face' (面子) and social standing. Your use of the word should be precise, reflecting an understanding of its legal, moral, and professional dimensions.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the C2 level, you have a native-like grasp of 责任. You can use it in any context, from high-stakes legal negotiations to poetic reflections on life's burdens. You understand the subtle differences between 责任, 职守, 担子, and 使命 (mission). You can interpret the use of 责任 in classical texts or modern political theory with ease. You might use it to discuss the 'existential responsibility' of the individual in modern society. Your vocabulary includes a wide range of idioms like '任重道远' (a heavy load and a long road) and '匹夫有责' (every man has a responsibility). You can write sophisticated critiques of social policies, focusing on the distribution of 责任 between the state and the market. At this level, 责任 is not just a word; it is a conceptual framework you use to navigate and analyze the complexities of the Chinese-speaking world and beyond.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح

责任 في 30 ثانية

责任 (zhérèn) means responsibility or duty, often implying a moral or legal burden that one must carry or answer for in various social contexts.
It is commonly used with verbs like 承担 (bear), 履行 (fulfill), and 逃避 (evade), and often appears in the structure '对...负责'.
In Chinese culture, having a strong 'sense of responsibility' (责任感) is a highly valued trait in both personal and professional life.
It is a key vocabulary word for HSK 4-6 and is essential for discussing social issues, ethics, and workplace dynamics in Chinese.

The Chinese word 责任 (zhérèn) is a profound and multi-layered noun that translates most directly to 'responsibility' or 'duty' in English. However, in the context of Chinese culture and linguistics, it carries a weight that spans from personal moral obligations to legal accountability. It is composed of two characters: 责 (zé), which historically relates to debt, demand, or blame, and 任 (rèn), which signifies a burden, a position, or an appointment. Together, they describe the 'burden of accountability' that an individual carries within a social or professional structure.

Core Concept: At its heart, 责任 refers to the state of being answerable for something. This can be a task assigned by a superior, a role within a family, or the consequences of one's own actions. It is often discussed in the context of 'bearing' or 'taking' responsibility.

每个人都应该对自己的行为负责任。 (Everyone should take responsibility for their own actions.)

In academic and political discourse, 责任 is a frequent theme in essays comparing the 'government vs individual.' It asks: Who is responsible for social welfare? Who bears the responsibility for environmental protection? This word is not just about a 'to-do list'; it is about the moral fiber that holds a community together. In Confucian thought, 责任 is linked to one's 'place' in the world (rectification of names), where a father has the responsibility of a father, and a ruler has the responsibility of a ruler.

Moral Weight: Unlike a simple 'task' (任务), a 责任 implies a long-term commitment. It is something that defines your character. If you are described as a person with a 'strong sense of responsibility' (责任心强), it is one of the highest compliments in a Chinese professional setting.

保护环境是全人类的共同责任。 (Protecting the environment is the common responsibility of all mankind.)

Legal vs. Moral: In legal terms, 责任 refers to liability. For instance, 'legal responsibility' (法律责任) is what you face if you break a contract or a law. Morally, it refers to the 'sense of duty' (责任感) that drives a person to do the right thing even when no one is watching.

他是一个非常有责任感的人。 (He is a person with a very strong sense of responsibility.)

这次事故的责任在于司机。 (The responsibility for this accident lies with the driver.)

Ultimately, understanding 责任 requires recognizing that it is both a burden (something you carry) and a virtue (something that earns you respect). It is the bridge between the individual and the collective, ensuring that everyone plays their part in the grander scheme of society.

Using 责任 (zhérèn) correctly involves pairing it with specific verbs and prepositions. It is not just a noun you drop into a sentence; it functions within established grammatical patterns that indicate who is responsible and what they are responsible for.

Common Verb Pairings: The most frequent verbs used with 责任 are 承担 (chéngdān - to bear), 履行 (lǚxíng - to fulfill), 逃避 (táobì - to evade), and 追究 (zhuījiū - to investigate/hold accountable).

领导必须承担主要的责任。 (The leader must bear the primary responsibility.)

One of the most important structures to master is: Subject + 对 + Object + 负责 (or 负有责任). This translates to 'Subject is responsible for Object.' Note that in this structure, 负责 (fùzé) is often used as a verb, while 责任 remains the noun form.

The 'Sense of' Structure: To describe someone's character, we use 责任感 (zhérèngǎn - sense of responsibility) or 责任心 (zhérènxīn - heart of responsibility). These are used with verbs like 有 (have) or 缺乏 (lack).

他非常有责任心，工作从来不马虎。 (He has a great sense of responsibility; he is never careless with his work.)

In formal writing, you will often see 责任 combined with adjectives to specify the type of duty. Common ones include 社会责任 (social responsibility), 法律责任 (legal responsibility), and 道德责任 (moral responsibility). These are essential for HSK 5/6 level essays and professional reports.

Negative Usage: To say someone is avoiding their duty, use 逃避责任 (táobì zhérèn) or 推卸责任 (tuīxiè zhérèn - to push away responsibility/shift blame).

你不能在出事后推卸责任。 (You cannot shift the responsibility after something goes wrong.)

作为项目经理，他的责任重大。 (As the project manager, his responsibility is heavy.)

By mastering these patterns, you can express complex ideas about duty and accountability with precision, moving beyond simple 'I should do this' sentences to sophisticated analysis of roles and consequences.

The word 责任 (zhérèn) is ubiquitous in Chinese life, appearing in settings ranging from intimate family conversations to national news broadcasts. Understanding where you hear it helps contextualize its emotional and formal weight.

In the Workplace: This is perhaps the most common context. Managers discuss 'job responsibilities' (岗位责任), and performance reviews often focus on whether an employee 'fulfilled their responsibilities' (履行责任). If a project fails, the discussion turns to 'who should take responsibility' (谁该负责).

这是我的岗位责任，我会做好的。 (This is my job responsibility; I will do it well.)

In the news and media, 责任 is a 'hot word.' You will hear it in reports about environmental crises, where corporations are urged to show 'corporate social responsibility' (企业社会责任 - CSR). It also appears in political speeches emphasizing the government's 'responsibility to the people' (对人民负责).

Family and Education: Parents often talk to their children about 责任 to instill maturity. A child might be told that 'studying hard is your responsibility.' In marriage, partners discuss their mutual responsibilities to the household and to each other's parents.

成家以后，你肩上的责任就更重了。 (After starting a family, the responsibility on your shoulders becomes even heavier.)

In legal and emergency contexts, 责任 is used to determine fault. After a traffic accident or a fire, the police will issue a 'responsibility determination' (责任认定). Hearing this word in such a context usually implies a serious investigation into who is to blame.

Literature and Film: Protagonists in Chinese dramas often struggle with the conflict between 'personal desire' and 'social responsibility.' This theme is a staple of historical epics and modern family dramas alike.

他为了家族的责任，放弃了自己的梦想。 (For the sake of his family responsibility, he gave up his own dreams.)

我们要有强烈的社会责任感。 (We must have a strong sense of social responsibility.)

Whether it's a teacher reminding a student of their duties or a CEO addressing shareholders, 责任 is the language of accountability and adulthood in the Chinese-speaking world.

For learners of Chinese, 责任 (zhérèn) can be tricky because it overlaps with several other words that translate to 'duty' or 'task.' Avoiding these common pitfalls will make your Chinese sound much more natural and precise.

Confusion with 任务 (rènwu): A '任务' is a specific task or mission (e.g., 'I finished my homework task'). A '责任' is the ongoing responsibility or duty (e.g., 'It is my responsibility to learn'). You 'complete' (完成) a 任务, but you 'fulfill' (履行) a 责任.

错误: 完成我的责任。 (Incorrect: Finish my responsibility.)
正确: 履行我的责任。 (Correct: Fulfill my responsibility.)

Another common mistake is confusing 责任 with 义务 (yìwù). While both mean 'duty,' 义务 is often used for compulsory, often legal or social obligations that apply to everyone (like 'compulsory education' 义务教育). 责任 is more about the accountability tied to a specific role or action.

Verb Misuse: 'Do' vs 'Take': English speakers often want to say 'do my responsibility.' In Chinese, you should use 承担 (bear) or 尽 (exhaust/fulfill). '尽责任' (jìn zhérèn) is a very common way to say 'doing one's duty.'

他没有尽到做父亲的责任。 (He didn't fulfill his responsibility as a father.)

Learners also struggle with the preposition '对' (duì). You must say '对...负责' (responsible for...), not '为...负责' (though '为...负责' is occasionally heard, '对' is the standard and more frequent choice in formal Chinese).

Shifting Blame: When talking about mistakes, learners sometimes use 责任 to mean 'mistake' itself. 责任 is the *accountability* for the mistake, not the mistake itself. You 'take responsibility' (承担责任) for a 'mistake' (错误).

这不是我的责任，是他的错。 (This isn't my responsibility; it's his fault.)

我们需要找到事故的责任人。 (We need to find the person responsible for the accident.)

By keeping these distinctions in mind—especially the difference between a one-time task (任务) and an ongoing duty (责任)—you will use the word with the gravity and precision it deserves.

To truly master 责任 (zhérèn), it is helpful to compare it with its close synonyms and related terms. Each has a unique nuance that changes the tone of your sentence.

责任 vs. 义务 (yìwù): 责任 focuses on accountability and the 'burden' of a role. 义务 refers to obligations that are often mandatory, legal, or ethical requirements (e.g., 'citizens' obligations'). 义务 is often 'what you must do,' while 责任 is 'what you are answerable for.'

服兵役是公民的义务。 (Military service is a citizen's obligation.)

Next, consider 职责 (zhízé). This word is specifically tied to one's 'professional duty' or 'official function.' While 责任 can be personal (like a father's responsibility), 职责 is almost always about your job description.

责任 vs. 职责 (zhízé): Use 职责 when talking about the specific duties listed in a contract. Use 责任 when talking about the moral or overall accountability of the role.

医生的职责是救死扶伤。 (A doctor's duty is to heal the wounded and rescue the dying.)

Another interesting word is 担当 (dāndāng). While 责任 is a noun, 担当 is often used as a verb or a noun meaning 'willingness to take on responsibility.' If someone has '担当,' it means they are brave enough to step up and handle difficult situations.

责任 vs. 担当 (dāndāng): 责任 is the thing you have; 担当 is the character trait of being willing to carry it. A person with 担当 will never 'push away responsibility' (推卸责任).

关键时刻，他很有担当。 (At the critical moment, he showed great courage in taking responsibility.)

照顾老人是我们的责任，而不是负担。 (Taking care of the elderly is our responsibility, not a burden.)

By choosing the right word—whether it's the formal 义务, the professional 职责, or the character-driven 担当—you can communicate your thoughts on duty with much greater depth.

How Formal Is It?

مستوى الصعوبة

قواعد يجب معرفتها

The use of '对' to indicate the object of responsibility.

The '是...的' construction for emphasis.

Using '有' and '没有' to describe traits.

Verb-Object collocations.

Abstract noun usage in formal Chinese.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

أمثلة حسب المستوى

这是我的责任。

This is my responsibility.

Simple Subject + 是 + Noun structure.

你有责任吗？

Do you have a responsibility?

Basic question with '有'.

老师很有责任。

The teacher is very responsible.

Using '有责任' as an adjective phrase.

我们要爱责任。

We should love responsibility.

Simple modal verb '要'.

这不是你的责任。

This is not your responsibility.

Negative '不是'.

小猫是我的责任。

The kitten is my responsibility.

Noun + 是 + Noun.

好孩子有责任。

Good children have responsibility.

Simple adjective-noun pairing.

学习是你的责任。

Studying is your responsibility.

Gerund-like subject (学习).

我有责任学好中文。

I have a responsibility to learn Chinese well.

有责任 + Verb phrase.

父母有责任照顾孩子。

Parents have a responsibility to take care of children.

Common social role sentence.

谁有责任打扫房间？

Who has the responsibility to clean the room?

Interrogative '谁'.

他是一个有责任的人。

He is a responsible person.

Attributive clause with '的'.

我们对工作有责任。

We have a responsibility toward our work.

Preposition '对' for target.

保护小动物是我们的责任。

Protecting small animals is our responsibility.

Complex subject phrase.

你必须承担这个责任。

You must bear this responsibility.

Modal verb '必须' + verb '承担'.

我不喜欢没有责任的人。

I don't like people who have no responsibility.

Negative '没有' as an adjective.

他非常有责任感，大家都信任他。

He has a great sense of responsibility; everyone trusts him.

Introduction of '责任感' (sense of responsibility).

保护环境是全人类的共同责任。

Protecting the environment is the common responsibility of all mankind.

Abstract social concept.

你应该学会承担自己的责任。

You should learn to bear your own responsibility.

Verb '承担' (to bear).

他因为逃避责任而失去了工作。

He lost his job because he evaded responsibility.

Verb '逃避' (to evade) + '因为...而...'.

作为班长，他的责任很大。

As the class monitor, his responsibility is great.

Structure '作为... (As a...)'.

我们不能把责任推给别人。

We cannot push the responsibility onto others.

Verb '推' (to push/shift).

这份工作需要很强的责任心。

This job requires a strong sense of responsibility.

Introduction of '责任心' (heart/mind of responsibility).

他尽到了一个好医生的责任。

He fulfilled his responsibility as a good doctor.

Verb '尽到' (to fulfill/reach).

企业应该积极履行社会责任。

Enterprises should actively fulfill their social responsibility.

Formal verb '履行' (to fulfill).

法律规定了公民的基本责任和权利。

The law stipulates the basic responsibilities and rights of citizens.

Pairing '责任' with '权利' (rights).

他试图推卸这次事故的责任。

He tried to shirk responsibility for this accident.

Formal verb '推卸' (to shirk/shift).

政府对教育事业负有重要责任。

The government bears important responsibility for the cause of education.

Structure '对...负有责任'.

这种行为是极不负责任的表现。

This behavior is a manifestation of extreme irresponsibility.

Adjective '负责任' with negation '不'.

我们要追究相关人员的责任。

We must hold the relevant personnel accountable.

Formal verb '追究' (to investigate/hold accountable).

他的责任范围包括财务和人事。

His scope of responsibility includes finance and personnel.

Compound '责任范围' (scope of responsibility).

这种责任感源于他对家乡的热爱。

This sense of responsibility stems from his love for his hometown.

Verb '源于' (stems from).

在现代社会，个人责任与集体利益息息相关。

In modern society, individual responsibility is closely related to collective interests.

Advanced idiom '息息相关' (closely related).

他以高度的责任感完成了这项艰巨的任务。

He completed this arduous task with a high sense of responsibility.

Prepositional phrase '以...的责任感'.

法律责任的认定需要充分的证据。

The determination of legal liability requires sufficient evidence.

Legal term '责任的认定'.

我们不能因为困难而放弃应尽的责任。

We cannot give up our due responsibilities because of difficulties.

Term '应尽的责任' (due responsibility).

这篇文章深刻探讨了知识分子的社会责任。

This article profoundly explores the social responsibility of intellectuals.

Formal verb '探讨' (explore/discuss).

他在关键时刻表现出了非凡的担当和责任。

At the critical moment, he showed extraordinary courage and responsibility.

Pairing '责任' with '担当' (willingness to take on).

这种制度旨在强化官员的责任意识。

This system aims to strengthen the sense of responsibility among officials.

Term '责任意识' (responsibility awareness).

对于历史，我们负有不可推卸的责任。

We bear an unshirkable responsibility toward history.

Adjective '不可推卸' (unshirkable).

权力的行使必须伴随着相应的责任。

The exercise of power must be accompanied by corresponding responsibility.

Philosophical/Political discourse.

他的一生都在践行“天下兴亡，匹夫有责”的誓言。

Throughout his life, he practiced the oath that 'the rise and fall of the nation is every man's responsibility.'

Classical quote '匹夫有责'.

在法律框架内，民事责任与刑事责任有着本质的区别。

Within the legal framework, there are essential differences between civil and criminal liability.

Technical legal distinction.

这种责任的缺失导致了社会信任的瓦解。

The lack of this responsibility led to the disintegration of social trust.

Abstract sociological analysis.

他以一种近乎殉道者的姿态承担了时代的责任。

He took on the responsibility of the era with a posture almost like that of a martyr.

Literary/Metaphorical usage.

道德责任往往超越了法律的界限。

Moral responsibility often transcends the boundaries of the law.

Philosophical comparison.

我们需要重新审视全球化背景下的国家责任。

We need to re-examine state responsibility in the context of globalization.

International relations terminology.

责任的重负并没有压垮他，反而磨炼了他的意志。

The heavy burden of responsibility did not crush him; instead, it tempered his will.

Metaphorical '重负' (heavy burden).

المرادفات

义务职责负担使命

الأضداد

权利

تلازمات شائعة

承担责任

履行责任

逃避责任

推卸责任

追究责任

法律责任

社会责任

责任重大

责任感

责任心

العبارات الشائعة

负起责任

尽到责任

责任范围

责任认定

第一责任人

无限责任

有限责任

岗位责任

道义责任

领导责任

يُخلط عادةً مع

责任 vs 任务 (Task)

责任 vs 义务 (Obligation)

责任 vs 职责 (Professional Duty)

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

"责无旁贷"

"任重道远"

"匹夫有责"

"尽职尽责"

"克尽厥职"

"引咎辞职"

"责有攸归"

"敷衍塞责"

"死而后已"

"鞠躬尽瘁"

سهل الخلط

责任 vs

أنماط الجُمل

عائلة الكلمة

مرتبط

负责 (fùzé - to be responsible)

负责人 (fùzérén - person in charge)

职责 (zhízé - duty)

任重 (rènzhòng - heavy burden)

سجّل مجاناً لرؤية جميع الأمثلة

كيفية الاستخدام

Nuance

责任 implies a burden; 职责 implies a job; 义务 implies a requirement.

Frequency

Very high in both written and spoken Chinese.

أخطاء شائعة

نصائح

Using '对'

Always use '对' when specifying what you are responsible for. '对工作负责' is the standard way to say 'responsible for work.'

Verb Choice

Use 承担 (chéngdān) for taking on a burden and 履行 (lǚxíng) for carrying out a duty. These are high-level collocations.

Social Context

In China, mentioning your 责任 shows maturity and reliability. It is a key concept in building 'Guanxi' (relationships).

Essay Hook

Start an essay about social problems by defining whose 责任 it is. It creates a strong, clear thesis statement.

Job Interviews

When asked about your strengths, say '我是一个责任心很强的人' (I am a person with a strong sense of responsibility).

News Keywords

In news reports about accidents, listen for '责任认定' (responsibility determination) to hear who was blamed.

Visualizing the Characters

Visualize the 'person' in 任 and the 'money/debt' in 责 to remember the 'burden of debt/duty.'

责任 vs 任务

Remember: 任务 is a 'to-do,' 责任 is a 'must-be-accountable-for.' 任务 ends, 责任 stays.

Liability

In legal contexts, 责任 translates to 'liability.' '民事责任' is civil liability, '刑事责任' is criminal liability.

匹夫有责

Learn '匹夫有责' to impress native speakers. It shows you understand the collective nature of Chinese duty.

احفظها

أصل الكلمة

السياق الثقافي

Duty to family is the foundation of all responsibility.

Responsibility determination is a critical part of dispute resolution.

A 'strong sense of responsibility' is often prioritized over raw talent in hiring.

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سياقات واقعية

بدايات محادثة

"你觉得谁应该对环境污染负责？"

"在你的文化中，孩子的责任是什么？"

"你是一个有责任感的人吗？"

"工作和家庭，哪个责任更重？"

"如果朋友犯了错，你有责任告诉他吗？"

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

写一写你生活中最重要的责任。

你曾经逃避过责任吗？发生了什么？

讨论一下政府和个人在社会责任上的区别。

描述一个你认为非常有责任感的人。

如果你是领导，你会如何分配团队的责任？

الأسئلة الشائعة

10 أسئلة

责任 is a noun (responsibility), while 负责 is a verb or adjective (to be responsible). You have 责任, but you are 负责.

No, that is incorrect. You should use verbs like 承担 (bear), 履行 (fulfill), or 尽 (do/fulfill).

Usually, yes. It implies a serious commitment or accountability. For lighter tasks, use 任务 (rènwu).

You can say 责任感 (zhérèngǎn) or 责任心 (zhérènxīn). Both are very common.

It is an idiom meaning 'to be duty-bound' or 'there is no turning away from this responsibility.' It is very formal.

Use 职责 when talking specifically about job duties or official functions defined by a role.

Yes, in the context of accidents or mistakes, it means 'liability' or 'blame.' For example, '谁的责任？' means 'Whose fault is it?'

Chinese nouns don't have plural forms, but you can say '各项责任' (various responsibilities) to imply plurality.

Yes, it is extremely common in business and political contexts, referring to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).

In a legal sense, it is 权利 (rights). In a behavioral sense, it might be 懈怠 (negligence) or 逃避 (evasion).

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