महिला
महिला in 30 Sekunden
- Mahila means 'woman' in a formal/respectful register.
- It is a feminine noun derived from Sanskrit roots.
- Commonly used in news, law, and official government schemes.
- Plural form is 'Mahilaeṃ'; oblique plural is 'Mahilaon'.
The Hindi word महिला (Mahilā) is a formal and respectful noun used to identify an adult human female. While the English language uses 'woman' across most registers, Hindi offers several synonyms, with 'Mahila' sitting at the top of the formal hierarchy. It is derived from Sanskrit, lending it an air of dignity and institutional weight. In everyday life, you will encounter this word on signage, in news broadcasts, and in legal documents. It represents not just a biological category, but a social identity that commands respect.
- Etymology
- Derived from the Sanskrit root 'Mah' (to honor or be great), 'Mahila' literally translates to someone who is worthy of honor.
वह एक सशक्त महिला है। (She is an empowered woman.)
To understand 'Mahila' fully, one must compare it to 'Aurat' (of Arabic/Persian origin) and 'Stree' (also Sanskrit). 'Aurat' is the most common word in spoken Hindustani, often heard in films and casual talk. However, in official contexts—like 'Mahila Police' or 'Mahila Sashaktikaran' (Women's Empowerment)—only 'Mahila' is appropriate. It is the word of the state, the word of the academy, and the word of polite society. When you use 'Mahila', you are signaling a high level of linguistic awareness and cultural sensitivity. It avoids the potentially reductive or overly familiar tones that other words might carry in specific regional dialects.
- Grammar Note
- It is a feminine noun. Its plural is 'Mahilaeṃ' (महिलाएं). Adjectives describing it must take the feminine form (e.g., 'Achhi Mahila').
आज की महिला आत्मनिर्भर है। (Today's woman is self-reliant.)
In the context of Indian history and social reform, 'Mahila' has been the rallying cry for progress. Organizations like the 'All India Women's Conference' use the term to emphasize the collective power and rights of women. For a learner, this word is safe. It never offends. It is the 'gold standard' for referring to a woman in Hindi. Whether you are talking about a doctor, a politician, or a neighbor, 'Mahila' provides a respectful distance while acknowledging their adulthood and gender. It is distinct from 'Ladki' (girl), which refers to children or young, unmarried females, though 'Mahila' can technically encompass any adult female regardless of marital status.
संसद में महिला आरक्षण बिल पास हुआ। (The Women's Reservation Bill was passed in Parliament.)
- Social Register
- Formal, Respectful, Official, Literary.
रेलवे में महिला डिब्बा अलग होता है। (There is a separate women's compartment in the railway.)
शिक्षित महिला परिवार का आधार है। (An educated woman is the foundation of the family.)
Using 'Mahila' correctly involves understanding both grammar and social nuance. As a feminine noun ending in 'ā', it follows the pattern of 'laṛkī' or 'mātā' in some respects, but because it ends in a short 'a' sound (schwa) followed by a long 'ā', its pluralization is distinct: 'Mahila' becomes 'Mahilaeṃ'. When using adjectives, ensure they end in 'ī' to match the feminine gender. For example, 'vidvān' (learned) becomes 'viduṣī' when referring to a 'Mahila'.
- Subject-Verb Agreement
- The verb must always reflect the feminine gender. 'Mahila aa rahi hai' (The woman is coming) uses 'rahi' and 'hai'.
एक महिला बाहर खड़ी है। (A woman is standing outside.)
In compound words, 'Mahila' often acts as a prefix to indicate gender-specific services or roles. You will see 'Mahila Chikitsalaya' (Women's Hospital), 'Mahila Ashram' (Women's Shelter), and 'Mahila Samiti' (Women's Committee). In these cases, it functions almost like an adjective, though it remains a noun. When addressing a group of women in a formal speech, one might say 'Deviyo aur Sajjano' (Ladies and Gentlemen), but when referring to them as a demographic, 'Mahilaeṃ' is the only choice. It is also used in the context of 'Mahila Diwas' (Women's Day), celebrated with great fervor in India on March 8th.
- Oblique Case
- When followed by a postposition (like 'ko', 'ne', 'se'), the plural 'Mahilaeṃ' changes to 'Mahilaon'. Example: 'Mahilaon ko adhikaar milne chahiye'.
उस महिला ने मेरी मदद की। (That woman helped me.)
Furthermore, 'Mahila' is used to denote professional status. If you are introducing a female colleague in a formal setting, saying 'Yeh hamari team ki ek kushal mahila sadasya hain' (She is a skilled female member of our team) sounds much more professional than using 'aurat'. The word also appears in many government schemes, such as 'Mahila Shakti Kendra'. For a learner, practicing the pronunciation—ensuring the 'h' is soft and the 'l' is clear—is vital. The 'a' at the end is a long vowel, so it should be held slightly longer than the first 'a'.
भारतीय महिला क्रिकेट टीम जीत गई। (The Indian women's cricket team won.)
- Common Collocations
- Adarsh Mahila (Ideal woman), Bharatiya Mahila (Indian woman), Sashakt Mahila (Empowered woman).
वह एक कामकाजी महिला है। (She is a working woman.)
हर महिला का सम्मान करें। (Respect every woman.)
You will hear 'Mahila' in almost every formal sphere of Indian life. On public transport, specifically the Delhi Metro or Mumbai Locals, announcements frequently mention 'Mahilaon ke liye arakshit' (Reserved for women). This is perhaps the most common auditory encounter for a traveler. In the news, anchors use 'Mahila' to discuss statistics, achievements, or legislative changes. For example, 'Mahila saksharta dar' (Women's literacy rate) is a common phrase in developmental reports.
- Public Announcements
- 'Kripya dhyan dein, yeh dibba mahilaon ke liye hai.' (Please note, this coach is for women.)
अगला स्टेशन महिला कॉलेज है। (The next station is Women's College.)
In the workplace, HR policies will refer to 'Mahila karmachari' (female employees). During political rallies, leaders often address 'Mahila shakti' (woman power) to appeal to the female electorate. If you watch Hindi documentaries or educational videos, 'Mahila' is the standard term. Even in literature, while 'stree' might be used for poetic effect, 'Mahila' is used for realistic, modern characterization. It is also a staple in the titles of NGOs and social welfare programs, such as 'Mahila Swasthya' (Women's Health) initiatives.
- Media Context
- Used in talk shows, debates, and radio programs when discussing gender equality.
आज की चर्चा महिला सुरक्षा पर है। (Today's discussion is on women's safety.)
In religious or traditional gatherings, you might hear 'Mahila Mandal' (Women's Circle), referring to a group of women who organize community events or prayers. This highlights the word's versatility—it is as much at home in a grassroots community center as it is in the Supreme Court. For a student of Hindi, recognizing 'Mahila' in these various contexts helps build a map of Indian social structure. It is a word that bridges the gap between the ancient respect for the feminine and the modern struggle for equal rights.
गाँव की महिलाएं एकजुट हैं। (The village women are united.)
- Legal/Official
- 'Mahila Thana' refers to a Women's Police Station, staffed primarily by female officers.
यह महिला आयोग का दफ्तर है। (This is the office of the Women's Commission.)
प्रथम महिला राष्ट्रपति कौन थीं? (Who was the first woman President?)
The most common mistake learners make is confusing 'Mahila' with 'Aurat'. While they both mean woman, 'Aurat' can sometimes sound blunt or even disrespectful depending on the tone and region, whereas 'Mahila' is always safe. Another frequent error is incorrect pluralization. Many learners try to say 'Mahilaen' with a hard 'n' or 'Mahilas' (English-style), but the correct form is 'Mahilaeṃ' with a nasalized 'e'.
- Gender Mismatch
- Using masculine adjectives like 'Achha Mahila' instead of 'Achhi Mahila'.
गलत: वह एक विद्वान महिला है। (Wrong: She is a learned woman - using masculine 'vidvān'.)
Another mistake is using 'Mahila' for a young girl. Calling a 5-year-old a 'Mahila' sounds bizarre in Hindi, much like calling a toddler a 'lady' in English. Use 'Bachi' instead. Furthermore, learners often forget the oblique case. When you say 'To the women', it must be 'Mahilaon ko', not 'Mahilaeṃ ko'. Misplacing the nasalization (bindu) in writing is also common; ensure it is placed correctly over the 'e' in the plural form.
- Pronunciation Pitfall
- Pronouncing it as 'Ma-hee-la' (too much stress on 'hee') instead of a balanced 'Ma-hi-la'.
सही: महिलाएं आ रही हैं। (Correct: Women are coming - plural verb agreement.)
Lastly, avoid overusing 'Mahila' in very intimate or casual family settings. While respectful, it can create an unnecessary emotional distance. If you are talking about your mother or sister, use 'Maa' or 'Behen' rather than referring to them as 'the woman' (Mahila). Understanding the 'warmth' of words is key to Hindi fluency. 'Mahila' is professional and respectful, but it is not 'warm'. Use it where respect and formality are the primary goals.
गलत: मेरी माँ एक अच्छी महिला है। (Awkward: My mother is a good woman - too formal for family.)
- Pluralization Error
- Saying 'Mahilaon' when the noun is the subject. Correct: 'Mahilaeṃ ga rahi hain'.
सही: महिला का बैग यहाँ है। (Correct: The woman's bag is here - singular oblique.)
गलत: दो महिला खड़ी हैं। (Wrong: Two woman are standing - missing plural 'eṃ'.)
Hindi has a rich vocabulary for 'woman', each with its own flavor. 'Aurat' is the most common, 'Stree' is the most traditional, and 'Nari' is the most poetic. Understanding the difference is crucial for C1/C2 level mastery. 'Mahila' remains the most professional. Let's compare them below to see how they function in different sentences and contexts.
- Mahila vs. Aurat
- 'Mahila' is formal/Sanskrit-based. 'Aurat' is common/Persian-based. You'd say 'Mahila Sashaktikaran' but 'Woh aurat kaun hai?'
नारी (Nari): Poetic/Abstract. 'नारी शक्ति' (Woman power).
'Stree' (स्त्री) is another Sanskrit word, often used in biological or ancient contexts. It is slightly more archaic than 'Mahila'. In modern legal Hindi, 'Mahila' has largely replaced 'Stree'. Then there is 'Ladi' (ललना) or 'Kamini' (कामिनी), which are highly literary and rarely used in speech. For a learner, focusing on 'Mahila' and 'Aurat' covers 90% of all situations. 'Nari' is useful for understanding slogans and poetry. 'Stree' is useful for reading older literature or religious texts.
- Mahila vs. Ladki
- 'Ladki' is girl. Use 'Mahila' once she is roughly 18-21+ or married.
स्त्री (Stree): 'स्त्री रोग विशेषज्ञ' (Gynecologist).
In terms of register, 'Mahila' is the safest choice for non-native speakers. It shows that you have studied the language formally. Using 'Aurat' correctly requires a better grasp of local slang and social dynamics to avoid sounding unintentionally gruff. 'Mahila' is the 'polite' default. If you are in a bank, a government office, or a school, always opt for 'Mahila'. If you are watching a movie or talking to a taxi driver about someone on the street, 'Aurat' might be what you hear, but 'Mahila' will still be understood and respected.
मानव (Manav) vs महिला (Mahila): Human vs Woman.
- Synonym Summary
- Aurat (Common), Stree (Formal/Bio), Nari (Poetic), Mahila (Official).
वह एक भद्र महिला है। (She is a gentlewoman.)
महिला और पुरुष समान हैं। (Women and men are equal.)
How Formal Is It?
Schwierigkeitsgrad
Wichtige Grammatik
Feminine noun declension
Adjective-Noun agreement
Subject-Verb agreement for feminine plural
Oblique case with postpositions
Honorific plural usage
Beispiele nach Niveau
यह एक महिला है।
This is a woman.
Simple subject-predicate sentence.
वह महिला लंबी है।
That woman is tall.
Feminine adjective 'lambi' matches 'mahila'.
एक महिला यहाँ है।
A woman is here.
Use of 'ek' as an indefinite article.
महिला खुश है।
The woman is happy.
Simple present tense with 'hai'.
यह मेरी महिला मित्र है।
This is my female friend.
Using 'mahila' as a gender qualifier for 'mitra'.
वह महिला कौन है?
Who is that woman?
Interrogative sentence.
महिला सो रही है।
The woman is sleeping.
Present continuous feminine 'rahi hai'.
अच्छी महिला।
Good woman.
Adjective-noun agreement.
वहाँ दो महिलाएँ खड़ी हैं।
Two women are standing there.
Plural form 'mahilaeṃ'.
उस महिला का नाम क्या है?
What is that woman's name?
Oblique case 'us mahila ka'.
महिलाएँ बाज़ार जा रही हैं।
The women are going to the market.
Plural subject-verb agreement.
यह महिला डॉक्टर है।
This woman is a doctor.
Noun as a profession indicator.
मैंने एक महिला को देखा।
I saw a woman.
Direct object with 'ko'.
वे महिलाएँ बहुत मेहनती हैं।
Those women are very hardworking.
Plural adjective 'mehanati' (remains same).
महिला के पास एक बैग है।
The woman has a bag.
Possession using 'ke paas'.
क्या आप उस महिला को जानते हैं?
Do you know that woman?
Interrogative with 'ko'.
वह एक कामकाजी महिला है।
She is a working woman.
Compound noun 'kamkaji mahila'.
आज महिला दिवस है।
Today is Women's Day.
Proper noun phrase.
हमें महिलाओं का सम्मान करना चाहिए।
We should respect women.
Oblique plural 'mahilaon'.
वह महिला समाज सेविका है।
That woman is a social worker.
Formal profession.
महिलाएँ देश की प्रगति में सहायक हैं।
Women are helpful in the progress of the country.
Abstract concept.
इस बस में महिलाओं के लिए सीटें आरक्षित हैं।
Seats are reserved for women in this bus.
Postpositional phrase 'mahilaon ke liye'.
वह एक सशक्त महिला के रूप में उभरी है।
She has emerged as an empowered woman.
Present perfect tense.
हर महिला को शिक्षा का अधिकार है।
Every woman has the right to education.
Universal statement.
महिला सशक्तिकरण आज की मुख्य आवश्यकता है।
Women's empowerment is the main need of today.
Formal abstract noun.
संसद में महिला आरक्षण बिल पर चर्चा हुई।
There was a discussion on the Women's Reservation Bill in Parliament.
Political terminology.
ग्रामीण महिलाओं के लिए नई योजनाएं शुरू की गई हैं।
New schemes have been started for rural women.
Passive voice construction.
वह महिला उद्यमी कई लोगों के लिए प्रेरणा है।
That woman entrepreneur is an inspiration for many.
Advanced collocation 'mahila udyami'.
महिलाओं के विरुद्ध अपराधों को रोकना होगा।
Crimes against women must be stopped.
Complex postposition 'ke viruddh'.
यह संस्था महिलाओं के स्वास्थ्य पर ध्यान देती है।
This organization focuses on women's health.
Compound postposition 'ke swasthya par'.
शिक्षित महिला पूरे परिवार को शिक्षित करती है।
An educated woman educates the whole family.
Proverbial usage.
महिला आयोग ने इस मामले की जाँच की।
The Women's Commission investigated this case.
Subject is a formal body.
आधुनिक समाज में महिला की भूमिका निरंतर बदल रही है।
The role of women in modern society is constantly changing.
Singular used as a generic class.
साहित्य में महिला पात्रों का चित्रण अब अधिक यथार्थवादी है।
The depiction of female characters in literature is now more realistic.
Literary analysis context.
कार्यस्थल पर महिलाओं के साथ होने वाले भेदभाव को समाप्त करना अनिवार्य है।
It is mandatory to end the discrimination faced by women at the workplace.
Complex sentence with gerundial phrase.
महिला अधिकारों की रक्षा के लिए कड़े कानूनों की आवश्यकता है।
Strict laws are needed for the protection of women's rights.
Legalistic tone.
वह महिला अपनी विद्वत्ता के लिए पूरे विश्व में प्रसिद्ध है।
That woman is famous throughout the world for her scholarship.
High-register vocabulary 'vidvatta'.
महिलाओं की आर्थिक स्वतंत्रता उनके आत्मविश्वास को बढ़ाती है।
The economic independence of women increases their self-confidence.
Sociological observation.
इस फिल्म में महिला के संघर्ष को बखूबी दर्शाया गया है।
The struggle of the woman has been beautifully depicted in this film.
Artistic critique.
महिला सुरक्षा हेतु सरकार ने कई हेल्पलाइन नंबर जारी किए हैं।
The government has issued several helpline numbers for women's safety.
Formal 'hetu' (for the purpose of).
स्त्री और महिला शब्दों के बीच का सूक्ष्म अंतर भाषाई विकास को दर्शाता है।
The subtle difference between the words 'Stree' and 'Mahila' reflects linguistic evolution.
Meta-linguistic analysis.
वैश्वीकरण ने भारतीय महिलाओं की सामाजिक-आर्थिक स्थिति को गहराई से प्रभावित किया है।
Globalization has deeply influenced the socio-economic status of Indian women.
Academic/Socio-political discourse.
पितृसत्तात्मक ढांचे में महिला की स्वायत्तता अक्सर बाधित होती है।
A woman's autonomy is often hindered in a patriarchal structure.
Philosophical/Sociological terminology.
महिला विमर्श समकालीन हिंदी साहित्य की एक प्रमुख धारा है।
Women's discourse is a major stream of contemporary Hindi literature.
Specialized literary term 'Vimarsh'.
संवैधानिक प्रावधानों के बावजूद, जमीनी स्तर पर महिलाओं की स्थिति चुनौतीपूर्ण है।
Despite constitutional provisions, the situation of women at the grass-roots level is challenging.
Concessive clause 'ke bawajood'.
महिला नेतृत्व ने आपदा प्रबंधन में नई दिशाएँ प्रदान की हैं।
Women's leadership has provided new directions in disaster management.
Professional/Technical context.
इतिहास के पन्नों में कई गुमनाम महिलाओं का योगदान दर्ज है।
The contribution of many anonymous women is recorded in the pages of history.
Metaphorical usage.
महिला अस्मिता की खोज आधुनिक विमर्श का केंद्र बिंदु है।
The quest for female identity is the focal point of modern discourse.
High-level philosophical concept 'Asmita'.
Häufige Kollokationen
Häufige Phrasen
Wird oft verwechselt mit
Redewendungen & Ausdrücke
Leicht verwechselbar
Satzmuster
So verwendest du es
Very high. Safest term for strangers.
Universal across Hindi-speaking states.
- Using masculine adjectives with 'Mahila'.
- Using 'Mahila' for a young child.
- Forgetting the nasal sound in the plural 'Mahilaeṃ'.
- Using 'Mahilaeṃ' instead of 'Mahilaon' before postpositions.
- Confusing 'Mahila' (woman) with 'Mahina' (month).
Tipps
Plural Rule
Always use 'eṃ' for plural subjects and 'on' for plural objects with postpositions.
Public Signs
Look for the word 'Mahila' on public transport to find reserved areas.
Formal Writing
Prefer 'Mahila' over 'Aurat' in all written assignments.
Soft 'H'
Don't over-pronounce the 'h'; keep it natural and flowing.
Addressing Strangers
If you must refer to a woman you don't know, 'Mahila' is the most polite term.
News Keywords
This is a high-frequency word in Indian news broadcasts.
Literature
In modern stories, 'Mahila' is used for urban, professional characters.
Sanskrit Root
Knowing it comes from 'Mah' (Great) helps remember its respectful tone.
Office Talk
Use 'Mahila' when discussing gender diversity in the workplace.
Emergency
Knowing 'Mahila Helpline' can be useful in emergencies.
Einprägen
Wortherkunft
Sanskrit
Kultureller Kontext
High. Used in all official gender-related discourse.
Used during Navratri to discuss female power (Shakti).
Im Alltag üben
Kontexte aus dem Alltag
Gesprächseinstiege
"क्या आप इस महिला को जानते हैं?"
"आज महिला दिवस पर आपका क्या विचार है?"
"इस क्षेत्र में कितनी महिलाएँ काम करती हैं?"
"क्या यहाँ कोई महिला डॉक्टर है?"
"महिला सुरक्षा के लिए क्या कदम उठाए जाने चाहिए?"
Tagebuch-Impulse
अपने जीवन की एक प्रेरणादायक महिला के बारे में लिखें।
महिला सशक्तिकरण का आपके लिए क्या अर्थ है?
आज की महिला और कल की महिला में क्या अंतर है?
समाज में महिलाओं की भूमिका पर एक निबंध लिखें।
क्या आपको लगता है कि महिलाएँ पुरुषों के समान हैं?
Häufig gestellte Fragen
10 FragenThey both mean woman, but 'Mahila' is formal and Sanskrit-based, while 'Aurat' is common and Persian-based.
Use it in formal, professional, or respectful contexts.
The plural is 'Mahilaeṃ' (महिलाएं).
Yes, it is a feminine noun.
No, 'Mahila' refers to an adult. Use 'Ladki' for a girl.
It is 'Mahila Adhikaar'.
Yes, it is considered very respectful.
It is a police station specifically for women's issues, staffed by women.
It is pronounced Ma-hi-laa.
Yes, but usually in formal scenes or for comedic effect when someone is being overly formal.
Teste dich selbst 180 Fragen
Write 'A good woman' in Hindi.
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Pronounce 'Mahila' correctly.
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Listen to 'Wahan teen mahilaeṃ hain'. How many women are there?
Translate: 'Respect women.'
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Translate: 'This woman.'
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Translate: 'Three women.'
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Translate: 'Women are strong.'
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Translate: 'Empower women.'
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Write a sentence about women's education.
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Say 'Woman' in Hindi.
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Say 'Women' in Hindi.
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Say 'Respect women' in Hindi.
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Say 'Working woman' in Hindi.
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Say 'Women's rights' in Hindi.
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Listen to 'Mahila'. What did you hear?
Listen to 'Mahilaeṃ'. Is it singular or plural?
Listen to 'Mahilaon ko'. What case is this?
Listen to 'Mahila Sashaktikaran'. What is the topic?
Listen to 'Mahila Arakshan'. What is the topic?
Write 'A woman' in Hindi.
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Write 'Many women' in Hindi.
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Write 'Women's Day' in Hindi.
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Write 'Women's Safety' in Hindi.
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Write 'Women's Empowerment' in Hindi.
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Say 'A woman' in Hindi.
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Say 'Two women' in Hindi.
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Say 'Women's Day' in Hindi.
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Say 'Women's Empowerment' in Hindi.
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Say 'Women's Rights' in Hindi.
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Listen to 'Ek Mahila'. How many?
Listen to 'Mahilaeṃ'. Is it more than one?
Listen to 'Mahilaon ka'. What is the postposition?
Listen to 'Mahila Suraksha'. What is it about?
Listen to 'Mahila Arakshan'. What is it about?
Write 'She is a woman.'
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Write 'The women are here.'
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Write 'Respect for women.'
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Write 'Women's safety is important.'
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Write 'Women are equal to men.'
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Say 'Woman'.
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Say 'Women'.
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Say 'Women's Day'.
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Say 'Women's Safety'.
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Say 'Women's Empowerment'.
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Listen to 'Mahila'.
Listen to 'Mahilaeṃ'.
Listen to 'Mahilaon'.
Listen to 'Sashakt Mahila'.
Listen to 'Mahila Adhikaar'.
/ 180 correct
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Summary
The word 'Mahila' is your safest and most professional choice for referring to an adult woman in Hindi. For example: 'Mahila Sashaktikaran' (Women's Empowerment).
- Mahila means 'woman' in a formal/respectful register.
- It is a feminine noun derived from Sanskrit roots.
- Commonly used in news, law, and official government schemes.
- Plural form is 'Mahilaeṃ'; oblique plural is 'Mahilaon'.
Plural Rule
Always use 'eṃ' for plural subjects and 'on' for plural objects with postpositions.
Public Signs
Look for the word 'Mahila' on public transport to find reserved areas.
Formal Writing
Prefer 'Mahila' over 'Aurat' in all written assignments.
Soft 'H'
Don't over-pronounce the 'h'; keep it natural and flowing.
Beispiel
वह एक मेहनती महिला है।
Verwandte Inhalte
Dieses Wort in anderen Sprachen
Mehr society Wörter
आस्था
A2Ich habe tiefen Glauben an Gott.
आज़ादी
A2Freiheit ist die Möglichkeit, alles zu tun, was niemandem schadet.
अहिंसा
A2Ahimsa bedeutet Gewaltlosigkeit und ist ein zentrales Konzept in indischen Religionen.
अजनबी
A2Fremder; eine unbekannte Person.
अमीर
A2Rich, wealthy.
अपराधी
B1Ein 'अपराधी' ist eine Person, die ein Verbrechen begangen hat. Der Dieb wurde als 'अपराधी' identifiziert und verhaftet.
अशिष्ट
B1Ashisht bedeutet auf Hindi 'unhöflich' oder 'ungezogen'. Es wird oft in formalen Kontexten verwendet.
भगवान
A2God; a deity or supreme being.
भारत
A1Ein großes Land in Südasien.
बेईमान
A2Eine Person, die nicht ehrlich ist oder schummelt. Es ist unehrlich, andere für den eigenen Vorteil zu täuschen.