B1 verb Neutral #6,000 am häufigsten 2 Min. Lesezeit

解散する

kaisan suru /ka̠isa̠nɕɯrɯ/
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Overview

The Japanese word '解散する' (kaisan suru) is a versatile verb that literally means 'to dissolve,' 'to break up,' or 'to disband.' It's formed from the noun '解散' (kaisan), meaning 'dissolution' or 'breakup,' and the verb 'する' (suru), which means 'to do.' This combination makes it a 'suru verb,' a common pattern in Japanese where a noun is combined with 'suru' to create a verb.

Nuances and Usage:

  1. 1Groups and Organizations: This is perhaps the most common usage. '解散する' is used when a group, organization, political party, band, company, or even a meeting comes to an end and its members disperse. For example:
  • 会議は解散した (Kaigi wa kaisan shita): The meeting broke up.
  • そのバンドは去年に解散した (Sono bando wa kyonen ni kaisan shita): That band broke up last year.
  • 会社が解散する (Kaisha ga kaisan suru): The company will be dissolved.
  1. 1Parliament/Diet: In a political context, '議会を解散する' (gikai o kaisan suru) refers to the dissolution of parliament or the Diet, often leading to a general election. This is a significant political event.
  1. 1Crowds: When a crowd of people disperses or scatters, '解散する' can also be used. For instance:
  • 群衆は警察によって解散させられた (Gunshū wa keisatsu ni yotte kaisan saserareta): The crowd was dispersed by the police.
  • デモ隊は自主的に解散した (Demotai wa jishuteki ni kaisan shita): The demonstrators dispersed voluntarily.
  1. 1Figurative Usage (Less Common): While less common, it can sometimes be used figuratively to mean that something that was once cohesive or united falls apart. For example, a plan or an idea might 'disband' in the sense of being abandoned or falling through.

Conjugation:

Like all 'suru verbs,' '解散する' conjugates regularly:

  • Present/Future (Dictionary Form): 解散する (kaisan suru) - to dissolve, to break up
  • Past: 解散した (kaisan shita) - dissolved, broke up
  • Negative: 解散しない (kaisan shinai) - does not dissolve, does not break up
  • Te-form: 解散して (kaisan shite) - dissolving, having dissolved
  • Potential: 解散できる (kaisan dekiru) - can dissolve, can break up
  • Volitional: 解散しよう (kaisan shiyō) - let's dissolve, let's break up

Synonyms and Related Words:

  • 別れる (wakareru): To separate, to part ways (often used for individuals or couples)
  • 分散する (bunsan suru): To disperse, to scatter (often for things or information, or for physical spreading)
  • 終わりにする (owari ni suru): To bring to an end, to finish
  • 中止する (chūshi suru): To cancel, to suspend (for events or activities)

Understanding '解散する' is crucial for comprehending discussions about social groups, political events, and the conclusion of various organized activities in Japanese.

Beispiele

1

彼らのグループは政治的な意見の相違により解散した。

political context

Their group disbanded due to political differences.

2

集まっていた群衆は警察の介入によって解散させられた。

public gathering

The gathered crowd was dispersed by police intervention.

3

夕立が降ると、公園で遊んでいた子供たちは皆解散して家路についた。

casual setting

When the evening shower fell, all the children playing in the park scattered and headed home.

4

株主総会は異議なく解散された。

formal meeting

The general meeting of shareholders was dissolved without objection.

5

古い委員会は新しい組織の設立に伴い解散された。

organizational change

The old committee was dissolved with the establishment of the new organization.

Häufige Kollokationen

会社を解散する
議会を解散する
グループを解散する
バンドを解散する

Wird oft verwechselt mit

解散する vs. 解体する (kaitai suru)

While both can mean 'to break up,' 解体する (kaitai suru) often refers to dismantling something structured, like a building or an organization, with the intention of rebuilding or analyzing its parts. 解散する (kaisan suru) more specifically implies scattering or dissolving a group, meeting, or an agreement without necessarily analyzing its components.

解散する vs. 分解する (bunkai suru)

分解する (bunkai suru) means 'to disassemble' or 'to decompose,' often in a scientific or mechanical context, breaking something down into its constituent parts. 解散する (kaisan suru) is about the dispersal or termination of a group or gathering.

解散する vs. 散らす (chirasu)

散らす (chirasu) means 'to scatter' or 'to disperse' things, like leaves or papers. While 解散する (kaisan suru) can also involve scattering, it's typically in the context of people or a group, rather than inanimate objects.

Grammatikmuster

グループが解散する (Gruupu ga kaisan suru) - A group breaks up/disbands. 会議を解散する (Kaigi o kaisan suru) - To adjourn a meeting. 議会を解散する (Gikai o kaisan suru) - To dissolve a parliament/assembly.

So verwendest du es

Nutzungshinweise

'解散する' is a versatile verb used to describe the act of dispersing, breaking up, or dissolving. It is commonly applied to groups of people or organizations. For example, a company might '解散する' (kaisan suru) if it goes out of business, or a political party might '解散する' if it merges with another or ceases to be a viable entity. When a meeting or assembly concludes, it can also be said to '解散する'. It's important to note the nuance: while '散らばる' (chirabaru) also means to scatter, '解散する' implies a more intentional or formal breaking up of a collective. The object of '解散する' is typically the group itself, as in 'グループが解散する' (gurūpu ga kaisan suru - the group breaks up). It can also be used transitively with 'を', as in '議会を解散する' (gikai o kaisan suru - to dissolve the parliament).

Häufige Fehler

One common mistake is confusing 解散する (kaisan suru) with 終止する (shūshi suru), which means 'to cease' or 'to terminate.' While both imply an end, 解散する specifically refers to a group, organization, or gathering breaking up or dispersing. For example, a band might 解散する (kaisan suru), but a project would 終止する (shūshi suru) or 終了する (shūryō suru). Another mistake is using it for inanimate objects or individual items breaking apart; for those, words like 壊れる (kowareru - to break, become broken) or 分かれる (wakareru - to separate, divide) would be more appropriate. For instance, a plate would 壊れる, not 解散する. Also, some learners might over-apply its 'scatter' meaning to situations where people simply leave individually without the implication of a group formally disbanding; in such cases, simply 帰る (kaeru - to go home) or 立ち去る (tachisaru - to leave) might be better.

Tipps

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ニュアンスの違い

「解散する」は、集まっていたものが物理的にばらばらになる場合と、組織や団体が活動を停止する（またはさせられる）場合の両方に使われます。英語では状況によって 'disperse', 'break up', 'scatter', 'separate' など、様々な動詞が対応します。

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自動詞と他動詞

「解散する」は、集会が「解散した」（自動詞）のように、自然にばらばらになる場合と、警察がデモ隊を「解散させた」（他動詞）のように、強制的にばらばらにさせる場合の両方で使えます。文脈によってどちらの意味で使われているか判断する必要があります。

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ビジネスや政治の文脈

特にビジネスや政治の文脈では、会社、議会、政党などが「解散する」という形で使われることが多く、その場合は「組織の活動停止」や「地位の失効」といった意味合いが強くなります。例：『衆議院が解散された。』

Wortherkunft

The Japanese word '解散する' (kaisan suru) is a compound verb formed from the noun '解散' (kaisan) and the verb 'する' (suru), meaning 'to do' or 'to make.' Let's break down the etymology of '解散' itself. '解散' is composed of two kanji characters: 1. 解 (kai): This character has a rich history and multiple meanings. Its original form in ancient China depicted a horned animal (like an ox) being untied or dissected, symbolizing loosening, untying, or separating. Over time, its meanings expanded to include: * To untie, unbind, loosen: This is its most fundamental sense, often seen in words like '解決' (kaiketsu - solution, resolution) or '解除' (kaijo - cancellation, release). * To explain, understand: The idea of 'untying' a problem to understand it, as in '解説' (kaisetsu - explanation) or '理解' (rikai - understanding). * To dissolve, disperse: This meaning is directly relevant to '解散,' implying the breaking apart or loosening of a group or structure. * To cancel, dismiss: As in '解雇' (kaiko - dismissal, firing). The character '解' itself is a phono-semantic compound. Its radical is '角' (kaku, tsuno) meaning 'horn,' and the phonetic component is '牛' (gyu, ushi) meaning 'cow' or 'ox,' although the exact interpretation of the ancient form is complex and debated among etymologists. The original meaning likely revolved around the ritualistic dissection or untying of an ox, which led to the sense of 'taking apart' or 'analyzing.' 2. 散 (san): This character also carries multiple related meanings: * To scatter, disperse, spread out: This is its primary meaning, often seen in words like '散歩' (sanpo - a walk, stroll, literally 'to scatter steps') or '散る' (chiru - to scatter, fall, be dispersed). * To break up, separate: Implies a movement away from a central point, leading to separation. * To distribute, disseminate: As in '配布' (haifu - distribution). The character '散' is also a phono-semantic compound. The radical 'U+82EB' (草 - kusa) meaning 'grass' or 'plant' indicates its connection to nature, specifically things that scatter or fall. The phonetic component 'U+6583' (zan, sen) suggests sound or a sudden movement, although its exact phonetic contribution to the meaning is less direct than the radical. Combination and Evolution: When '解' (to untie, dissolve) and '散' (to scatter, disperse) are combined to form '解散,' the meaning becomes very clear: the act of untying or dissolving a group or assembly, causing its members to scatter or disperse. This concept was adopted from Chinese and has been used in Japanese for centuries. The addition of 'する' (suru) transforms the noun '解散' into a verb, '解散する,' directly meaning 'to disperse,' 'to break up,' 'to disband,' 'to dissolve,' or 'to scatter.' This is a common pattern in Japanese, where many nouns, especially those of Chinese origin, can be verbalized by adding 'する.' Historically, '解散' has been used in various contexts, including: * Political contexts: Dissolving a parliament or a political party. * Social contexts: Breaking up a meeting, a crowd, or a gathering. * Organizational contexts: Disbanding a club, a company, or a team. Over time, the meaning has remained consistent, emphasizing the cessation of a collective entity or event and the subsequent scattering of its components or participants. The etymology highlights how the individual meanings of the kanji powerfully combine to convey the precise nuance of 'dispersal' and 'breaking up.' In essence, '解散する' encapsulates the idea of an entity being 'unbound' and its elements 'scattered,' providing a vivid and historically deep linguistic representation of the action.

Kultureller Kontext

The verb '解散する' (kaisan suru) holds significant cultural weight in Japan, often appearing in contexts related to groups, organizations, or even political bodies. Its usage can evoke a sense of finality or a necessary conclusion, especially when referring to the disbanding of a musical group, a sports team, or a political party. In a broader sense, it can also refer to the breaking up of a meeting or assembly. The concept of 'dissolution' carries implications of a structured entity ceasing to exist in its current form, which can be viewed with a mix of regret, inevitability, or even relief, depending on the specific circumstances and the emotional investment of those involved. For instance, the '解散' of a popular idol group is often met with widespread media attention and fan sentiment.

Merkhilfe

Imagine a group of friends who were once close, but due to different life paths, they 'disperse' and 'break up' their regular gatherings. The kanji 解 (kai) can mean 'to untie' or 'to solve,' and 散 (san) means 'to scatter.' So, you're 'untying' or 'loosening' a group, causing them to 'scatter.' Think of untying a knot, and the strands scatter.

Teste dich selbst

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会議は午後3時に___。

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
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警察は群衆を___よう命令した。

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
fill blank

バンドはワールドツアーの後、___ことを発表しました。

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:

Ergebnis: /3

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