B1 Relative Clauses 11 min read Mittel

Relativsätze mit Mengenangaben (all of whom, none of which)

Benutze 'Quantor + of + whom/which' nach einem Komma, um Teile einer Gruppe elegant zu beschreiben. Es ist super, um Details zu einer Gruppe hinzuzufügen.

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use quantifiers like 'all' or 'some' with 'of whom' or 'of which' to add specific details about a group.

  • Use 'of whom' for people: 'I have two sisters, both of whom are doctors.'
  • Use 'of which' for things: 'He bought three cars, none of which work.'
  • Always use a comma before the quantifier to separate the extra information.
[Group], + [Number/Amount] + of + whom/which + [Action]

Overview

### Overview
Hast du dich jemals gefragt, wie du im Englischen mehrere Informationen elegant in einem einzigen Satz verpacken kannst, ohne dass es abgehackt klingt? Stell dir vor, du bist in einem Meeting oder schreibst eine wichtige E-Mail an einen Kunden. Du möchtest sagen: `I have ten colleagues.
All of them are very helpful.` Das ist zwar korrekt, klingt aber ein wenig nach Grundschul-Niveau. Wenn du dein Englisch auf das B1-Level und darüber hinaus heben willst, ist die Struktur der Relative Clauses with Quantifiers (Relativsätze mit Mengenangaben) dein wichtigstes Werkzeug.
Diese Struktur erlaubt es dir, präzise Details über eine Teilmenge einer Gruppe zu geben. Anstatt zwei Sätze zu bilden, sagst du: I have ten colleagues, all of whom are very helpful. Das klingt sofort professioneller, flüssiger und präziser. Im Deutschen machen wir das ganz ähnlich, wenn wir Formulierungen wie von denen, von welchen oder wovon nutzen.
Doch wie so oft steckt der Teufel im Detail, besonders wenn es um die Wahl zwischen whom und which geht.
In dieser Lektion schauen wir uns an, warum diese Grammatik für uns Deutsche manchmal tückisch ist, wie du sie fehlerfrei bildest und warum sie dir hilft, im beruflichen oder akademischen Kontext deutlich kompetenter zu wirken. Wir lassen das trockene Lehrbuch-Wissen hinter uns und konzentrieren uns darauf, wie du diese Struktur in realen Situationen – im Büro, an der Uni oder beim Networking – sicher anwendest. Du wirst sehen: Englisch ist hier eigentlich viel logischer und sogar einfacher als das deutsche System mit seinen vielen Fällen und Endungen.
### How This Grammar Works
Das Grundprinzip dieser Grammatik ist die Teilmenge (Subset). Du erwähnst zuerst eine Gesamtheit (Menschen oder Dinge) und pickst dir dann einen Teil davon heraus, um eine Zusatzinformation zu geben.
Stell dir das wie einen Trichter vor:
  1. 1Die Basis: Du nennst eine Gruppe (z. B. the reports).
  2. 2Der Quantifier: Du bestimmst die Menge (z. B. some, none, all, two).
  3. 3Die Verknüpfung: Du nutzt of, um die Beziehung zur Basis herzustellen.
  4. 4Das Relativpronomen: Du wählst whom für Menschen oder which für Dinge.
Im Deutschen nutzen wir hier oft die Präposition von gefolgt vom Relativpronomen im Dativ:
Ich habe drei Brüder, von denen zwei in Berlin leben.
Im Englischen ist die Struktur starrer, was für uns eigentlich ein Vorteil ist, da wir nicht über den Fall (Kasus) nachdenken müssen. Es gibt nur zwei Optionen für das Pronomen:
  • whom: Wird ausschließlich für Personen verwendet. Da es nach der Präposition of steht, muss es im sogenannten *Objective Case* stehen. Auch wenn whom im Alltag oft durch who ersetzt wird, ist in dieser speziellen Struktur nach of das whom absolut zwingend und wird auch in der gesprochenen Sprache so beibehalten.
  • which: Wird für alles verwendet, was kein Mensch ist – also Gegenstände, Tiere, abstrakte Konzepte oder ganze Situationen.
Ein ganz wichtiger Punkt für uns Deutsche: Diese Sätze sind fast immer non-defining relative clauses. Das bedeutet, sie liefern eine Zusatzinformation, die für das Grundverständnis des Hauptsatzes nicht überlebenswichtig ist. Deshalb müssen sie im Englischen zwingend durch Kommata abgetrennt werden.
Im Deutschen sind wir Kommata gewohnt, aber im Englischen sind die Regeln oft lockerer – hier jedoch nicht. Das Komma ist dein Signal:
Achtung, jetzt kommt ein Extra-Detail!
| Teil der Struktur | Funktion | Beispiel |
|---|---|---|
| Bezugswort | Die gesamte Gruppe | The candidates |
| Komma | Trennung der Zusatzinfo | , |
| Quantifier | Die Menge | most |
| of | Die Teilmenge-Beziehung | of |
| Relativpronomen | Person oder Ding? | whom |
| Rest des Satzes | Die Information | had great skills. |
### Formation Pattern
Beim Bilden dieser Sätze folgen wir einem festen Baukasten-Prinzip. Der wichtigste Aspekt, bei dem viele Lernende stolpern, ist die Subjekt-Verb-Kongruenz (Verb Agreement). Das Verb im Relativsatz richtet sich nämlich nach dem Quantifier, nicht nach der ursprünglichen Gruppe.
#### Das Muster für Personen:
[Nomen/Gruppe], [Quantifier] + of whom + [Verb]...
  • I invited my neighbors, all of whom were very friendly. (Hier ist all plural, also were.)
  • I have two managers, one of whom is currently on leave. (Hier ist one singular, also is.)
#### Das Muster für Dinge/Abstrakta:
[Nomen/Gruppe], [Quantifier] + of which + [Verb]...
  • He bought three cars, none of which works properly. (Hier bezieht sich none auf die Autos, im formellen Englisch oft Singular works, im Alltag auch work.)
  • The company faces several problems, the biggest of which is the lack of staff.
#### Häufige Quantifiers und ihre Wirkung auf das Verb:
| Quantifier | Zählbar/Unzählbar | Verb-Form | Beispiel |
|---|---|---|---|
| all | beides | Plural (meistens) | the books, all of which are old |
| some | beides | Plural / Singular | the water, some of which is salty |
| each | zählbar | Singular | the students, each of whom has a laptop |
| both | zählbar (immer 2) | Plural | my parents, both of whom are retired |
| neither | zählbar (0 von 2) | Singular | the options, neither of which is ideal |
| one / two | zählbar | Singular / Plural | the tasks, one of which is urgent |
| most | beides | Plural / Singular | the files, most of which were lost |
Ein Tipp für die Logik: Wenn du unsicher bist, ob das Verb im Singular oder Plural stehen muss, frag dich:
Wie viele sind gemeint?
Bei one oder each ist es immer einer (Singular). Bei both, many oder Zahlen über eins ist es immer Plural. Bei all, some oder most kommt es darauf an, ob die Gruppe aus zählbaren Dingen (Bücher, Menschen) oder unzählbaren Dingen (Informationen, Wasser) besteht.
### When To Use It
Wann solltest du diese Struktur nutzen? Grundsätzlich immer dann, wenn du Informationen verknüpfen willst, um präziser zu wirken. Hier sind typische Szenarien aus dem deutschen Alltag:
1. Im beruflichen Kontext (E-Mails & Berichte):
Wenn du über Projekte, Kunden oder Aufgaben berichtest, hilft dir diese Struktur, Fakten kompakt darzustellen.
  • *Situation:* Du hast fünf Entwürfe geschickt, aber drei sind noch nicht fertig.
  • *Satz:* I sent you five drafts, three of which still need your approval.
  • *Warum:* Es klingt professioneller als: I sent five drafts. Three of them need approval.
2. Bei der Vorstellung von Personen (Networking/Events):
Wenn du Kollegen oder Freunde vorstellst oder über dein Team sprichst.
  • *Situation:* Du erzählst von deinem Team in der Agentur.
  • *Satz:* I work with a team of designers, many of whom have won international awards.
  • *Warum:* Es betont die Qualität der Teilmenge auf eine sehr elegante Weise.
3. In akademischen Texten (Uni/Studium):
Hier ist diese Struktur fast schon Standard, um Daten und Quellen zu beschreiben.
  • *Situation:* Du beschreibst die Ergebnisse einer Studie.
  • *Satz:* The researchers interviewed 100 participants, none of whom showed side effects.
  • *Warum:* Es ist objektiv, präzise und vermeidet Wortwiederholungen.
4. Zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen:
Im Deutschen sagen wir oft:
Ich habe viele Freunde. Einige von ihnen...
Im Englischen vermeidest du das ständige some of them, all of them am Satzanfang, indem du es in den Hauptsatz einbaust. Das verbessert den Lesefluss enorm.
### Common Mistakes
Als Deutschsprachige neigen wir dazu, Strukturen aus unserer Muttersprache direkt zu übersetzen. Das führt bei diesem speziellen Thema oft zu drei klassischen Fehlern:
1. Der Comma Splice Fehler (Them vs. Whom)
Das ist der häufigste Fehler. Im Deutschen trennen wir zwei Hauptsätze oft einfach mit einem Komma. Im Englischen darfst du das nicht, wenn du them oder it benutzt.
  • *Falsch:* I have many tasks, all of them are difficult. (Das sind zwei Hauptsätze, die mit einem Komma zusammengeklebt wurden – ein schwerer Grammatikfehler im Englischen!)
  • *Richtig (Variante A):* I have many tasks. All of them are difficult. (Zwei Sätze)
  • *Richtig (Variante B):* I have many tasks, all of whom are difficult. (Ein eleganter Relativsatz)
  • Warum passiert das? Wir verwechseln das Relativpronomen whom mit dem Personalpronomen them.
2. Das Vergessen des Kommas
Da diese Sätze Zusatzinformationen sind, muss ein Komma davor stehen. Viele deutsche Lerner lassen es weg, weil sie denken, englische Kommaregeln seien optional. Hier sind sie es nicht.
  • *Falsch:* The students all of whom passed were happy.
  • *Richtig:* The students, all of whom passed, were happy.
3. Die Verwechslung von who und whom
In normalen Relativsätzen sagen wir fast immer who (The man who lives here...). Aber nach einer Präposition wie of verlangt das Englische zwingend die Objektform whom.
  • *Falsch:* I have three sisters, two of who live in London.
  • *Richtig:* I have three sisters, two of whom live in London.
  • Eselsbrücke: Wenn du im Deutschen
    von dem
    oder
    von denen
    sagen würdest (mit M oder N am Ende), dann nimm im Englischen whom (mit M am Ende).
### Contrast With Similar Patterns
Um wirklich sicher zu werden, müssen wir diese Struktur von anderen ähnlichen Mustern abgrenzen. Oft fragen sich Lerner:
Kann ich nicht einfach which oder who alleine benutzen?
Der Unterschied liegt in der Mengenangabe. Ein normaler Relativsatz bezieht sich auf die *gesamte* Gruppe. Ein Relativsatz mit Quantifier bezieht sich nur auf einen *Teil*.
| Struktur | Fokus | Beispiel |
|---|---|---|
| Standard Relativsatz | Die gesamte Gruppe | The employees, who were tired, went home. (Alle waren müde.) |
| Mit Quantifier | Eine Teilmenge | The employees, some of whom were tired, went home. (Nur einige waren müde.) |
| Zwei Hauptsätze | Abgehackte Fakten | The employees were there. Many of them were tired. (Neutral, aber simpel.) |
Ein weiterer wichtiger Vergleich ist das deutsche wovon oder von denen. Während wir im Deutschen oft sehr flexibel sind, ist das Englische hier wie ein Puzzle: Die Teile Quantifier + of + which/whom müssen immer in dieser Reihenfolge zusammenbleiben.
### Quick FAQ
1. Kann ich auch that benutzen?
Nein. In non-defining relative clauses (die mit Komma) darf that niemals verwendet werden. Und nach Präpositionen wie of ist that ohnehin verboten. Es muss immer which oder whom sein.
2. Klingt whom nicht total veraltet?
In vielen Sätzen ja. Aber in dieser speziellen Struktur (all of whom, most of whom) ist es absolut lebendig und Standard. Wenn du hier who sagst, klingt es für Muttersprachler schlichtweg falsch, nicht modern.
3. Was mache ich bei Tieren?
Das ist eine gute Frage! Wenn es dein Haustier ist, zu dem du eine persönliche Beziehung hast, kannst du whom benutzen. In wissenschaftlichen Texten oder bei anonymen Tieren nutzt du which.
  • I have three cats, all of whom sleep on my bed. (Persönlich)
  • The study looked at 20 rats, some of which showed no reaction. (Wissenschaftlich)
4. Kann der Quantifier auch am Ende stehen?
Nein, im Englischen steht der Quantifier immer am Anfang des Relativsatzes, direkt nach dem Komma. Im Deutschen können wir manchmal variieren (... von denen alle), aber im Englischen heißt es strikt: , [Quantifier] of [Pronoun].
Mit diesen Regeln im Hinterkopf bist du bereit, deine Sätze auf das nächste Level zu heben. Probier es beim nächsten Mal aus, wenn du über dein Team, deine Projekte oder deine Hobbys sprichst. Es ist der einfachste Weg, um sofort wie ein Fortgeschrittener zu klingen!

The Quantifier Structure

Quantifier Preposition Relative Pronoun Usage
All / Some / Many
of
whom
For People
All / Some / Many
of
which
For Things
None / Neither
of
whom
Negative (People)
None / Neither
of
which
Negative (Things)
Two / Three / Ten
of
whom
Specific Number (People)
The majority / Half
of
which
Portions (Things)

Meanings

A type of non-defining relative clause used to provide information about a specific portion or quantity of a previously mentioned noun.

1

Quantifying People

Using 'of whom' to specify a number or portion of a group of people.

“The team has ten members, all of whom are experts.”

“I met several students, two of whom were from Italy.”

2

Quantifying Objects/Ideas

Using 'of which' to specify a number or portion of a group of things or concepts.

“He wrote five books, none of which were published.”

“We visited three museums, each of which was unique.”

3

Specifying Parts of a Whole

Using words like 'half', 'most', or 'the majority' to describe a portion.

“The company hired 100 workers, half of whom are part-time.”

“The forest has thousands of trees, the majority of which are oaks.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Relativsätze mit Mengenangaben (all of whom, none of which)
Subjekttyp Struktur Quantor-Beispiele Beispielsatz
Menschen
Quantor + of whom
all, many, some, three
I have ten friends, many of whom live abroad.
Dinge
Quantor + of which
all, most, none, a few
She has many books, all of which are signed.
Paare (Menschen)
Both/Neither + of whom
both, neither
I met two actors, neither of whom I recognized.
Paare (Dinge)
Both/Neither + of which
both, neither
He has two cars, both of which are electric.
Besitz
Quantor + of whose + noun
all, some
They have three kids, all of whose names start with A.
Zahlen
Number + of which/whom
one, two, five
We ordered five pizzas, two of which were vegan.

Formalitätsspektrum

Formell
I have ten colleagues, all of whom are highly skilled.

I have ten colleagues, all of whom are highly skilled. (Professional/Social)

Neutral
I have ten colleagues, and they are all very good at their jobs.

I have ten colleagues, and they are all very good at their jobs. (Professional/Social)

Informell
I've got ten people at work, all of them are great.

I've got ten people at work, all of them are great. (Professional/Social)

Umgangssprache
My work crew? All of 'em are legends.

My work crew? All of 'em are legends. (Professional/Social)

Quantor-Relativsätze

Quantor + of

Menschen

  • whom bezieht sich auf Menschen
  • all of whom jede Person in der Gruppe

Dinge/Objekte

  • which bezieht sich auf Nicht-Menschen
  • most of which Mehrheit der Gegenstände

Formelle vs. informelle Verbindungen

Formell (Relativsatz)
..., many of whom... Gehobener Schreibstil
..., all of which... Polierter und prägnanter
Informell (Konjunktion)
...and many of them... Umgangssprache
...and all of them... Einfach und direkt

Wie wählst du dein Pronomen?

1

Beschreibst du Personen?

YES
Benutze 'whom'
NO
Benutze 'which'
2

Steht es nach einem Komma?

YES
Mach weiter!
NO ↓

Häufige Quantoren

Gesamt / Positiv

  • all of
  • both of
  • most of

Negativ

  • none of
  • neither of
🔢

Teilweise / Zahlen

  • some of
  • a few of
  • three of

Beispiele nach Niveau

1

I have two pens. Both of them are red.

I have two pens. Both of them are red.

2

She has three cats. One of them is black.

She has three cats. One of them is black.

3

I saw five movies. All of them were good.

I saw five movies. All of them were good.

4

He has two brothers. They are both tall.

He has two brothers. They are both tall.

1

I have many friends, and some of them live here.

I have many friends, and some of them live here.

2

He bought four apples, but two of them were bad.

He bought four apples, but two of them were bad.

3

We have ten computers, and all of them are new.

We have ten computers, and all of them are new.

4

She invited ten people, but none of them came.

She invited ten people, but none of them came.

1

I have three sisters, all of whom are older than me.

I have three sisters, all of whom are older than me.

2

He owns five cars, none of which are electric.

He owns five cars, none of which are electric.

3

The hotel has 50 rooms, most of which have a sea view.

The hotel has 50 rooms, most of which have a sea view.

4

I met the managers, two of whom were very helpful.

I met the managers, two of whom were very helpful.

1

The company launched three products, each of which targeted a different market.

The company launched three products, each of which targeted a different market.

2

There were several candidates, few of whom possessed the necessary skills.

There were several candidates, few of whom possessed the necessary skills.

3

The library contains thousands of manuscripts, some of which date back to the 12th century.

The library contains thousands of manuscripts, some of which date back to the 12th century.

4

He has published many articles, the majority of which focus on climate change.

He has published many articles, the majority of which focus on climate change.

1

The researchers interviewed 200 subjects, a significant proportion of whom reported side effects.

The researchers interviewed 200 subjects, a significant proportion of whom reported side effects.

2

The city is home to numerous skyscrapers, the tallest of which reaches 500 meters.

The city is home to numerous skyscrapers, the tallest of which reaches 500 meters.

3

The committee proposed several amendments, none of which were accepted by the board.

The committee proposed several amendments, none of which were accepted by the board.

4

The artist created a series of murals, the most famous of which is located in the city center.

The artist created a series of murals, the most famous of which is located in the city center.

1

The philosopher explored various metaphysical theories, the intricacies of which remain a subject of debate.

The philosopher explored various metaphysical theories, the intricacies of which remain a subject of debate.

2

The treaty consists of twelve articles, the third of which stipulates the terms of ceasefire.

The treaty consists of twelve articles, the third of which stipulates the terms of ceasefire.

3

He was surrounded by sycophants, all of whom vied for his fleeting attention.

He was surrounded by sycophants, all of whom vied for his fleeting attention.

4

The galaxy contains billions of stars, an infinitesimal fraction of which may harbor life.

The galaxy contains billions of stars, an infinitesimal fraction of which may harbor life.

Leicht verwechselbar

Relative Clauses with Quantifiers (all of whom, none of which) vs. Relative Clauses with 'Whose'

Learners confuse 'of whom' (part of a group) with 'whose' (possession).

Relative Clauses with Quantifiers (all of whom, none of which) vs. Standard Non-defining Clauses

Learners forget to add the quantifier and just use 'which' or 'who'.

Häufige Fehler

I have two brothers, all of who are tall.

I have two brothers. Both of them are tall.

At A1, don't try the complex structure. Use two simple sentences.

I have many books, some of them are old.

I have many books, and some of them are old.

You cannot join two sentences with just a comma (Comma Splice). Use 'and'.

I have three friends, all of them live in London.

I have three friends, all of whom live in London.

In a single sentence with a relative clause, you must use 'whom', not 'them'.

He has two cars, both of who are fast.

He has two cars, both of which are fast.

Use 'which' for objects, not 'who' or 'whom'.

The guests, many of who arrived late...

The guests, many of whom arrived late...

Even in modern English, 'whom' is required after a preposition like 'of'.

Satzmuster

I have ___, ___ of whom ___.

There are ___, ___ of which ___.

Real World Usage

Academic Writing very common

The survey included 500 participants, most of whom were students.

Job Interviews common

I led several teams, all of whom exceeded their targets.

News Reporting very common

The police arrested five suspects, two of whom have been charged.

Travel Reviews occasional

The resort has three pools, none of which were crowded.

Product Descriptions common

The set comes with six brushes, each of which has a specific use.

Storytelling occasional

He had many secrets, some of which were dangerous.

⚠️

Das Komma ist super wichtig!

Vergiss niemals das Komma vor dem Quantor! Es zeigt an, dass diese Info zusätzlich ist und verhindert, dass dein Satz zu lang wird.
I have two dogs, both of which love to play.
🎯

Beeindrucke deinen Chef!

Diese Struktur klingt super professionell, besonders in Berichten oder E-Mails.
We interviewed ten candidates, three of whom were excellent.
Klingt viel besser als zwei Sätze!
💡

Der 'Herzschlag-Test'

Hat das Nomen einen Herzschlag (also ist es ein Mensch)? Dann nimm 'whom'. Wenn nicht (Bücher, Apps, Autos), dann nimm 'which'.
I have two sisters, both of whom are doctors.
vs.
I have two cars, both of which are red.

Smart Tips

Try combining them with 'of whom' or 'of which' to make your writing flow better.

I have ten employees. Most of them work remotely. I have ten employees, most of whom work remotely.

If there is a preposition like 'of' right before it, it is ALWAYS 'whom'.

Many of who... Many of whom...

Aussprache

/ɔːl əv huːm/

Stress on the Quantifier

In these clauses, the quantifier (all, some, none) usually receives the primary stress to emphasize the amount.

some-əv-which

The 'of' reduction

The word 'of' is often reduced to a weak 'schwa' sound /əv/.

Non-defining pause

I have two brothers [pause] both of whom are doctors.

The pause (indicated by the comma) shows that the following information is extra.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Remember: 'Whom' for the 'Home-sapiens' (people), 'Which' for the 'Witch's' broom (things).

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine a large circle representing a group. Inside, a smaller circle is highlighted with a label like '3 of whom' or 'some of which'. This shows you are focusing on a subset.

Rhyme

For people use 'whom', for things use 'which', add a comma first to avoid a glitch!

Story

A king had three sons, all of whom wanted the throne. He gave them three tasks, none of which were easy. The first son failed, at which point the second son tried.

Word Web

whomwhichquantifiercommaportionsubsetformal

Herausforderung

Write three sentences about your family or your belongings using 'all of whom', 'none of which', and 'two of whom'.

Kulturelle Hinweise

This structure is a hallmark of high-level academic writing in the UK and US. Using it correctly can significantly improve the 'academic tone' of an essay.

In formal British contexts, 'whom' is preserved more strictly than in some casual American dialects.

Legal documents use this to be extremely precise about which parts of a contract or group of people are being discussed.

This structure stems from the Latin 'partitive genitive', where a part is taken from a whole.

Gesprächseinstiege

Tell me about your favorite movies. How many have you seen recently?

How many people are in your family, and what do they do?

Think about the apps on your phone. Which ones do you use most?

Tagebuch-Impulse

Describe your collection of books, clothes, or gadgets.
Write about a group of friends or colleagues you admire.

Häufige Fehler

Incorrect

Richtig


Incorrect

Richtig


Incorrect

Richtig


Incorrect

Richtig

Test Yourself

Fülle die Lücke mit dem richtigen Relativpronomen aus.

I have two best friends, both of ___ live in London.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: whom
Wir verwenden 'whom', weil wir uns auf Personen (friends) beziehen. Denk an den Herzschlag-Test!
Welcher Satz ist grammatisch korrekt? Multiple Choice

Choose the best sentence for a formal essay:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She wrote five books, all of which are famous.
Dieser Satz verwendet das korrekte Relativpronomen ('which' für Bücher) und enthält das notwendige Komma. Perfekt für formelle Texte!
Finde und korrigiere den Fehler im Satz. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

I have many unread notifications, some of who are from Instagram.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: some of which are from Instagram.
Benachrichtigungen sind Dinge, daher müssen wir 'which' anstelle von 'who' verwenden. Dinge haben keinen Herzschlag!

Score: /3

Ubungsaufgaben

8 exercises
Choose the correct relative pronoun. Multiple Choice

I have three cousins, all of ___ live in America.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: whom
We use 'whom' for people after a preposition like 'of'.
Fill in the blank with 'whom' or 'which'.

He bought five shirts, two of ___ were too small.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: which
Shirts are objects, so we use 'which'.
Correct the error in the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

She has many friends, some of them are doctors.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: some of whom are doctors
To join these into one sentence, 'them' must become 'whom'.
Combine the two sentences into one using 'none of which'. Sentence Transformation

He told me three stories. They weren't true.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: He told me three stories, none of which were true.
We use a comma and 'none of which' to combine the sentences.
Is the following sentence grammatically correct? True False Rule

'The company has ten employees, all of who work from home.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
It should be 'all of whom'.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Did you like the books I lent you? B: I've read three of them, ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: all of which were great
Books are things, so 'which' is correct.
Which pronoun goes with which noun? Grammar Sorting

1. Students, 2. Computers

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 1: whom, 2: which
Whom is for people, which is for things.
Put the words in the correct order. Sentence Building

sisters / I / two / have / whom / of / both / doctors / are / ,

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I have two sisters, both of whom are doctors.
The main clause comes first, then the comma, then the relative clause.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Vervollständige den Satz. Lückentext

The team has ten members, six of ___ are from Germany.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: whom
Korrigiere das Pronomen. Error Correction

He has two houses, neither of who is in the city.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: neither of which is
Bringe die Wörter in die richtige Reihenfolge. Sentence Reorder

many / , / I / apps / of / use / which / I / have / .

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I have many apps, many of which I use.
Übersetze ins Englische mit einem Relativsatz. Übersetzung

Ich habe zwei Schwestern, von denen beide Lehrerinnen sind.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I have two sisters, both of whom are teachers.
Welcher Satz vermeidet einen Kommafehler? Multiple Choice

Identify the grammatically perfect sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: They have three dogs, all of which are golden retrievers.
Ordne die Quantor-Phrase dem Nomen zu, das sie beschreibt. Match Pairs

Match correctly:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: all matched
Fülle die Lücke aus. Lückentext

The store sells many brands, most of ___ are local.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: which
Korrigiere den Kommafehler. Error Correction

I have five pens none of which work.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I have five pens, none of which work.
Ordne die Satzteile neu an. Sentence Reorder

none of whom / , / the party / ten people attended / I knew / .

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ten people attended the party, none of whom I knew.
Übersetze ins Englische. Übersetzung

Er machte viele Vorschläge, von denen keiner akzeptiert wurde.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: He made many suggestions, none of which were accepted.

Score: /10

FAQ (8)

No. In this specific structure (after a quantifier and 'of'), you can only use `which` for things and `whom` for people.

It is quite formal. In casual speech, most people say `I have three brothers and all of them are...` rather than using `all of whom`.

Yes. These are non-defining relative clauses, which always require a comma to separate the extra information from the main clause.

Absolutely! Any quantifier works: `one`, `two`, `several`, `many`, `a few`, `none`, `all`, etc.

Usually, we use `which` for animals. However, if the animals are pets with names, some people use `whom`, though `which` is always safe.

It depends on the noun. Usually, it takes a plural verb if the group is plural: `None of which are...` but in very formal English, some prefer the singular `is`.

No, the relative clause must follow the noun it describes. You must introduce the group before you can quantify it.

Use `both` specifically for two people. Use `all` for three or more.

Scaffolded Practice

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Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish high

de los cuales / de quienes

English pronouns (whom/which) do not change for gender or number.

French moderate

dont / desquels

French 'dont' is much more versatile and common than the English quantifier structure.

German moderate

von denen / von welchen

German requires the verb at the very end of the clause.

Japanese low

そのうちの (sono uchi no)

Japanese does not use relative pronouns like 'which' or 'whom'.

Arabic partial

منهم (minhum) / منها (minha)

Arabic uses pronouns attached to prepositions rather than independent relative pronouns.

Chinese low

其中 (qízhōng)

Chinese lacks relative pronouns and uses fixed phrases to show part-whole relationships.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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