Relativsätze mit Mengenangaben (all of whom, none of which)
whom/which' nach einem Komma, um Teile einer Gruppe elegant zu beschreiben. Es ist super, um Details zu einer Gruppe hinzuzufügen.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use quantifiers like 'all' or 'some' with 'of whom' or 'of which' to add specific details about a group.
- Use 'of whom' for people: 'I have two sisters, both of whom are doctors.'
- Use 'of which' for things: 'He bought three cars, none of which work.'
- Always use a comma before the quantifier to separate the extra information.
Overview
I have ten colleagues, all of whom are very helpful. Das klingt sofort professioneller, flüssiger und präziser. Im Deutschen machen wir das ganz ähnlich, wenn wir Formulierungen wie von denen, von welchen oder wovon nutzen.whom und which geht.- 1Die Basis: Du nennst eine Gruppe (z. B.
the reports). - 2Der Quantifier: Du bestimmst die Menge (z. B.
some,none,all,two). - 3Die Verknüpfung: Du nutzt
of, um die Beziehung zur Basis herzustellen. - 4Das Relativpronomen: Du wählst
whomfür Menschen oderwhichfür Dinge.
von gefolgt vom Relativpronomen im Dativ: Ich habe drei Brüder, von denen zwei in Berlin leben.Im Englischen ist die Struktur starrer, was für uns eigentlich ein Vorteil ist, da wir nicht über den Fall (Kasus) nachdenken müssen. Es gibt nur zwei Optionen für das Pronomen:
whom: Wird ausschließlich für Personen verwendet. Da es nach der Präpositionofsteht, muss es im sogenannten *Objective Case* stehen. Auch wennwhomim Alltag oft durchwhoersetzt wird, ist in dieser speziellen Struktur nachofdaswhomabsolut zwingend und wird auch in der gesprochenen Sprache so beibehalten.which: Wird für alles verwendet, was kein Mensch ist – also Gegenstände, Tiere, abstrakte Konzepte oder ganze Situationen.
Achtung, jetzt kommt ein Extra-Detail!
The candidates |, |most |of |whom |had great skills. |[Nomen/Gruppe], [Quantifier] + of whom + [Verb]...I invited my neighbors, all of whom were very friendly.(Hier istallplural, alsowere.)I have two managers, one of whom is currently on leave.(Hier istonesingular, alsois.)
[Nomen/Gruppe], [Quantifier] + of which + [Verb]...He bought three cars, none of which works properly.(Hier bezieht sichnoneauf die Autos, im formellen Englisch oft Singularworks, im Alltag auchwork.)The company faces several problems, the biggest of which is the lack of staff.
all | beides | Plural (meistens) | the books, all of which are old |some | beides | Plural / Singular | the water, some of which is salty |each | zählbar | Singular | the students, each of whom has a laptop |both | zählbar (immer 2) | Plural | my parents, both of whom are retired |neither | zählbar (0 von 2) | Singular | the options, neither of which is ideal |one / two | zählbar | Singular / Plural | the tasks, one of which is urgent |most | beides | Plural / Singular | the files, most of which were lost |Wie viele sind gemeint?Bei
one oder each ist es immer einer (Singular). Bei both, many oder Zahlen über eins ist es immer Plural. Bei all, some oder most kommt es darauf an, ob die Gruppe aus zählbaren Dingen (Bücher, Menschen) oder unzählbaren Dingen (Informationen, Wasser) besteht.- *Situation:* Du hast fünf Entwürfe geschickt, aber drei sind noch nicht fertig.
- *Satz:*
I sent you five drafts, three of which still need your approval. - *Warum:* Es klingt professioneller als:
I sent five drafts. Three of them need approval.
- *Situation:* Du erzählst von deinem Team in der Agentur.
- *Satz:*
I work with a team of designers, many of whom have won international awards. - *Warum:* Es betont die Qualität der Teilmenge auf eine sehr elegante Weise.
- *Situation:* Du beschreibst die Ergebnisse einer Studie.
- *Satz:*
The researchers interviewed 100 participants, none of whom showed side effects. - *Warum:* Es ist objektiv, präzise und vermeidet Wortwiederholungen.
Ich habe viele Freunde. Einige von ihnen...Im Englischen vermeidest du das ständige
some of them, all of them am Satzanfang, indem du es in den Hauptsatz einbaust. Das verbessert den Lesefluss enorm.Comma Splice Fehler (Them vs. Whom)them oder it benutzt.- *Falsch:*
I have many tasks, all of them are difficult.(Das sind zwei Hauptsätze, die mit einem Kommazusammengeklebtwurden – ein schwerer Grammatikfehler im Englischen!) - *Richtig (Variante A):*
I have many tasks. All of them are difficult.(Zwei Sätze) - *Richtig (Variante B):*
I have many tasks, all of whom are difficult.(Ein eleganter Relativsatz) - Warum passiert das? Wir verwechseln das Relativpronomen
whommit dem Personalpronomenthem.
- *Falsch:*
The students all of whom passed were happy. - *Richtig:*
The students, all of whom passed, were happy.
who und whomwho (The man who lives here...). Aber nach einer Präposition wie of verlangt das Englische zwingend die Objektform whom.- *Falsch:*
I have three sisters, two of who live in London. - *Richtig:*
I have three sisters, two of whom live in London. - Eselsbrücke: Wenn du im Deutschen
von dem
odervon denen
sagen würdest (mit M oder N am Ende), dann nimm im Englischenwhom(mit M am Ende).
Kann ich nicht einfachwhichoderwhoalleine benutzen?
The employees, who were tired, went home. (Alle waren müde.) |The employees, some of whom were tired, went home. (Nur einige waren müde.) |The employees were there. Many of them were tired. (Neutral, aber simpel.) |wovon oder von denen. Während wir im Deutschen oft sehr flexibel sind, ist das Englische hier wie ein Puzzle: Die Teile Quantifier + of + which/whom müssen immer in dieser Reihenfolge zusammenbleiben.that benutzen?that niemals verwendet werden. Und nach Präpositionen wie of ist that ohnehin verboten. Es muss immer which oder whom sein.whom nicht total veraltet?all of whom, most of whom) ist es absolut lebendig und Standard. Wenn du hier who sagst, klingt es für Muttersprachler schlichtweg falsch, nicht modern.whom benutzen. In wissenschaftlichen Texten oder bei anonymen Tieren nutzt du which.I have three cats, all of whom sleep on my bed.(Persönlich)The study looked at 20 rats, some of which showed no reaction.(Wissenschaftlich)
... von denen alle), aber im Englischen heißt es strikt: , [Quantifier] of [Pronoun].The Quantifier Structure
| Quantifier | Preposition | Relative Pronoun | Usage |
|---|---|---|---|
|
All / Some / Many
|
of
|
whom
|
For People
|
|
All / Some / Many
|
of
|
which
|
For Things
|
|
None / Neither
|
of
|
whom
|
Negative (People)
|
|
None / Neither
|
of
|
which
|
Negative (Things)
|
|
Two / Three / Ten
|
of
|
whom
|
Specific Number (People)
|
|
The majority / Half
|
of
|
which
|
Portions (Things)
|
Meanings
A type of non-defining relative clause used to provide information about a specific portion or quantity of a previously mentioned noun.
Quantifying People
Using 'of whom' to specify a number or portion of a group of people.
“The team has ten members, all of whom are experts.”
“I met several students, two of whom were from Italy.”
Quantifying Objects/Ideas
Using 'of which' to specify a number or portion of a group of things or concepts.
“He wrote five books, none of which were published.”
“We visited three museums, each of which was unique.”
Specifying Parts of a Whole
Using words like 'half', 'most', or 'the majority' to describe a portion.
“The company hired 100 workers, half of whom are part-time.”
“The forest has thousands of trees, the majority of which are oaks.”
Reference Table
| Subjekttyp | Struktur | Quantor-Beispiele | Beispielsatz |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Menschen
|
Quantor + of whom
|
all, many, some, three
|
I have ten friends, many of whom live abroad.
|
|
Dinge
|
Quantor + of which
|
all, most, none, a few
|
She has many books, all of which are signed.
|
|
Paare (Menschen)
|
Both/Neither + of whom
|
both, neither
|
I met two actors, neither of whom I recognized.
|
|
Paare (Dinge)
|
Both/Neither + of which
|
both, neither
|
He has two cars, both of which are electric.
|
|
Besitz
|
Quantor + of whose + noun
|
all, some
|
They have three kids, all of whose names start with A.
|
|
Zahlen
|
Number + of which/whom
|
one, two, five
|
We ordered five pizzas, two of which were vegan.
|
Formalitätsspektrum
I have ten colleagues, all of whom are highly skilled. (Professional/Social)
I have ten colleagues, and they are all very good at their jobs. (Professional/Social)
I've got ten people at work, all of them are great. (Professional/Social)
My work crew? All of 'em are legends. (Professional/Social)
Quantor-Relativsätze
Menschen
- whom bezieht sich auf Menschen
- all of whom jede Person in der Gruppe
Dinge/Objekte
- which bezieht sich auf Nicht-Menschen
- most of which Mehrheit der Gegenstände
Formelle vs. informelle Verbindungen
Wie wählst du dein Pronomen?
Beschreibst du Personen?
Steht es nach einem Komma?
Häufige Quantoren
Gesamt / Positiv
- • all of
- • both of
- • most of
Negativ
- • none of
- • neither of
Teilweise / Zahlen
- • some of
- • a few of
- • three of
Beispiele nach Niveau
I have two pens. Both of them are red.
I have two pens. Both of them are red.
She has three cats. One of them is black.
She has three cats. One of them is black.
I saw five movies. All of them were good.
I saw five movies. All of them were good.
He has two brothers. They are both tall.
He has two brothers. They are both tall.
I have many friends, and some of them live here.
I have many friends, and some of them live here.
He bought four apples, but two of them were bad.
He bought four apples, but two of them were bad.
We have ten computers, and all of them are new.
We have ten computers, and all of them are new.
She invited ten people, but none of them came.
She invited ten people, but none of them came.
I have three sisters, all of whom are older than me.
I have three sisters, all of whom are older than me.
He owns five cars, none of which are electric.
He owns five cars, none of which are electric.
The hotel has 50 rooms, most of which have a sea view.
The hotel has 50 rooms, most of which have a sea view.
I met the managers, two of whom were very helpful.
I met the managers, two of whom were very helpful.
The company launched three products, each of which targeted a different market.
The company launched three products, each of which targeted a different market.
There were several candidates, few of whom possessed the necessary skills.
There were several candidates, few of whom possessed the necessary skills.
The library contains thousands of manuscripts, some of which date back to the 12th century.
The library contains thousands of manuscripts, some of which date back to the 12th century.
He has published many articles, the majority of which focus on climate change.
He has published many articles, the majority of which focus on climate change.
The researchers interviewed 200 subjects, a significant proportion of whom reported side effects.
The researchers interviewed 200 subjects, a significant proportion of whom reported side effects.
The city is home to numerous skyscrapers, the tallest of which reaches 500 meters.
The city is home to numerous skyscrapers, the tallest of which reaches 500 meters.
The committee proposed several amendments, none of which were accepted by the board.
The committee proposed several amendments, none of which were accepted by the board.
The artist created a series of murals, the most famous of which is located in the city center.
The artist created a series of murals, the most famous of which is located in the city center.
The philosopher explored various metaphysical theories, the intricacies of which remain a subject of debate.
The philosopher explored various metaphysical theories, the intricacies of which remain a subject of debate.
The treaty consists of twelve articles, the third of which stipulates the terms of ceasefire.
The treaty consists of twelve articles, the third of which stipulates the terms of ceasefire.
He was surrounded by sycophants, all of whom vied for his fleeting attention.
He was surrounded by sycophants, all of whom vied for his fleeting attention.
The galaxy contains billions of stars, an infinitesimal fraction of which may harbor life.
The galaxy contains billions of stars, an infinitesimal fraction of which may harbor life.
Leicht verwechselbar
Learners confuse 'of whom' (part of a group) with 'whose' (possession).
Learners forget to add the quantifier and just use 'which' or 'who'.
Häufige Fehler
I have two brothers, all of who are tall.
I have two brothers. Both of them are tall.
I have many books, some of them are old.
I have many books, and some of them are old.
I have three friends, all of them live in London.
I have three friends, all of whom live in London.
He has two cars, both of who are fast.
He has two cars, both of which are fast.
The guests, many of who arrived late...
The guests, many of whom arrived late...
Satzmuster
I have ___, ___ of whom ___.
There are ___, ___ of which ___.
Real World Usage
The survey included 500 participants, most of whom were students.
I led several teams, all of whom exceeded their targets.
The police arrested five suspects, two of whom have been charged.
The resort has three pools, none of which were crowded.
The set comes with six brushes, each of which has a specific use.
He had many secrets, some of which were dangerous.
Das Komma ist super wichtig!
I have two dogs, both of which love to play.
Beeindrucke deinen Chef!
We interviewed ten candidates, three of whom were excellent.Klingt viel besser als zwei Sätze!
Der 'Herzschlag-Test'
I have two sisters, both of whom are doctors.vs.
I have two cars, both of which are red.
Smart Tips
Try combining them with 'of whom' or 'of which' to make your writing flow better.
If there is a preposition like 'of' right before it, it is ALWAYS 'whom'.
Aussprache
Stress on the Quantifier
In these clauses, the quantifier (all, some, none) usually receives the primary stress to emphasize the amount.
The 'of' reduction
The word 'of' is often reduced to a weak 'schwa' sound /əv/.
Non-defining pause
I have two brothers [pause] both of whom are doctors.
The pause (indicated by the comma) shows that the following information is extra.
Einprägen
Eselsbrücke
Remember: 'Whom' for the 'Home-sapiens' (people), 'Which' for the 'Witch's' broom (things).
Visuelle Assoziation
Imagine a large circle representing a group. Inside, a smaller circle is highlighted with a label like '3 of whom' or 'some of which'. This shows you are focusing on a subset.
Rhyme
For people use 'whom', for things use 'which', add a comma first to avoid a glitch!
Story
A king had three sons, all of whom wanted the throne. He gave them three tasks, none of which were easy. The first son failed, at which point the second son tried.
Word Web
Herausforderung
Write three sentences about your family or your belongings using 'all of whom', 'none of which', and 'two of whom'.
Kulturelle Hinweise
This structure is a hallmark of high-level academic writing in the UK and US. Using it correctly can significantly improve the 'academic tone' of an essay.
In formal British contexts, 'whom' is preserved more strictly than in some casual American dialects.
Legal documents use this to be extremely precise about which parts of a contract or group of people are being discussed.
This structure stems from the Latin 'partitive genitive', where a part is taken from a whole.
Gesprächseinstiege
Tell me about your favorite movies. How many have you seen recently?
How many people are in your family, and what do they do?
Think about the apps on your phone. Which ones do you use most?
Tagebuch-Impulse
Häufige Fehler
Test Yourself
I have two best friends, both of ___ live in London.
Choose the best sentence for a formal essay:
Find and fix the mistake:
I have many unread notifications, some of who are from Instagram.
Score: /3
Ubungsaufgaben
8 exercisesI have three cousins, all of ___ live in America.
He bought five shirts, two of ___ were too small.
Find and fix the mistake:
She has many friends, some of them are doctors.
He told me three stories. They weren't true.
'The company has ten employees, all of who work from home.'
A: Did you like the books I lent you? B: I've read three of them, ___.
1. Students, 2. Computers
sisters / I / two / have / whom / of / both / doctors / are / ,
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesThe team has ten members, six of ___ are from Germany.
He has two houses, neither of who is in the city.
many / , / I / apps / of / use / which / I / have / .
Ich habe zwei Schwestern, von denen beide Lehrerinnen sind.
Identify the grammatically perfect sentence:
Match correctly:
The store sells many brands, most of ___ are local.
I have five pens none of which work.
none of whom / , / the party / ten people attended / I knew / .
Er machte viele Vorschläge, von denen keiner akzeptiert wurde.
Score: /10
FAQ (8)
No. In this specific structure (after a quantifier and 'of'), you can only use `which` for things and `whom` for people.
It is quite formal. In casual speech, most people say `I have three brothers and all of them are...` rather than using `all of whom`.
Yes. These are non-defining relative clauses, which always require a comma to separate the extra information from the main clause.
Absolutely! Any quantifier works: `one`, `two`, `several`, `many`, `a few`, `none`, `all`, etc.
Usually, we use `which` for animals. However, if the animals are pets with names, some people use `whom`, though `which` is always safe.
It depends on the noun. Usually, it takes a plural verb if the group is plural: `None of which are...` but in very formal English, some prefer the singular `is`.
No, the relative clause must follow the noun it describes. You must introduce the group before you can quantify it.
Use `both` specifically for two people. Use `all` for three or more.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
de los cuales / de quienes
English pronouns (whom/which) do not change for gender or number.
dont / desquels
French 'dont' is much more versatile and common than the English quantifier structure.
von denen / von welchen
German requires the verb at the very end of the clause.
そのうちの (sono uchi no)
Japanese does not use relative pronouns like 'which' or 'whom'.
منهم (minhum) / منها (minha)
Arabic uses pronouns attached to prepositions rather than independent relative pronouns.
其中 (qízhōng)
Chinese lacks relative pronouns and uses fixed phrases to show part-whole relationships.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Verwandte Videos
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