Orações relativas com quantificadores (all of whom, none of which)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use quantifiers like 'all' or 'some' with 'of whom' or 'of which' to add specific details about a group.
- Use 'of whom' for people: 'I have two sisters, both of whom are doctors.'
- Use 'of which' for things: 'He bought three cars, none of which work.'
- Always use a comma before the quantifier to separate the extra information.
Overview
Eu tenho três irmãos. Todos eles são mais velhos que eu. na versão mais fluida e sofisticada: Eu tenho três irmãos, todos os quais são mais velhos que eu. (I have three siblings, all of whom are older than me.).- 1Um quantificador (como
all,some,many,most,none,one,two,both,half,few). - 2A preposição
of(essencial!). - 3Um pronome relativo:
whompara pessoas, ouwhichpara coisas, animais ou conceitos.
quantifier + of + relative pronoun) introduz a informação adicional.of é tão importante?of não é opcional; ele é gramaticalmente obrigatório. Ele cria uma relação de partitivo, indicando que o quantificador se refere a *uma parte* do todo mencionado anteriormente. Por exemplo, em some of them (alguns deles), o some indica uma parte do grupo them.of, a conexão gramatical entre o quantificador e o termo anterior fica incompleta e incorreta. Algo como The committee interviewed five candidates, all whom were highly qualified. seria gramaticalmente errado. O correto é all of whom.My colleagues, some of whom I had never met before, welcomed me warmly.(Minhas colegas, algumas das quais eu nunca tinha conhecido antes, me receberam calorosamente.)She reviewed the reports, none of which contained the crucial data.(Ela revisou os relatórios, nenhum dos quais continha os dados cruciais.)
The delegates (Os delegados) |, |most, many) ou número (two, one). | many (muitos) |of | Preposição essencial, indicando uma parte do todo. | of (de) |whom para pessoas, which para coisas. | whom (os quais/as quais) |had expressed concerns. (tinham expressado preocupações.) |The delegates, many of whom had expressed concerns, debated for hours. | (Frase coesa e completa) |whom ou which) funciona gramaticalmente como objeto da preposição of dentro da própria cláusula. Um ponto crucial aqui é a concordância verbal: o verbo usado na cláusula relativa deve concordar em número (singular ou plural) com o quantificador, e não com o substantivo principal da oração.[Substantivo Principal (plural)], [quantificador] + of whom + [verbo no tempo apropriado]...whom exclusivamente para pessoas, pois é o pronome oblíquo exigido após uma preposição.I contacted twenty potential clients, all of whom responded within an hour.(Contatei vinte clientes potenciais, todos os quais responderam em uma hora. – O verborespondedconcorda com o quantificador pluralall.)The research team includes several experts, one of whom specializes in AI ethics.(A equipe de pesquisa inclui vários especialistas, um dos quais é especializado em ética de IA. – O verbospecializesconcorda com o quantificador singularone.)She introduced her two brothers, both of whom work in finance.(Ela apresentou seus dois irmãos, ambos os quais trabalham em finanças. – O verboworkconcorda com o quantificador pluralboth.)
[Substantivo Principal (plural ou incontável)], [quantificador] + of which + [verbo no tempo apropriado]...which para referentes não humanos, funcionando como objeto de of.The company offers three distinct services, one of which is digital marketing.(A empresa oferece três serviços distintos, um dos quais é marketing digital. – O verboisconcorda com o quantificador singularone.)We reviewed hundreds of applications, most of which lacked the required experience.(Analisamos centenas de candidaturas, a maioria das quais não possuía a experiência necessária. – O verbolackedconcorda com o quantificador pluralmost, poisapplicationsé contável e plural.)The data, half of which was inconclusive, was eventually discarded.(Os dados, metade dos quais era inconclusiva, foram eventualmente descartados. – O verbowasconcorda comhalf, poisdataaqui é tratado como um substantivo incontável, tornandohalfefetivamente singular.)
students, all of whom are present | ideas, all of which are innovative / information, all of which is relevant |employees, some of whom live nearby | issues, some of which need attention / water, some of which is contaminated |attendees, many of whom asked questions | buildings, many of which were damaged |committee members, most of whom voted yes | documents, most of which contain errors / research, most of which is complete |candidates, none of whom were suitable / none of whom was suitable | options, none of which are feasible / none of which is feasible |directors, one of whom is retiring | proposals, one of which has been accepted |witnesses, two of whom gave similar accounts | chapters, three of which focus on history |siblings, both of whom reside abroad | approaches, both of which have merits |participants, half of whom completed the survey | budget, half of which was allocated / profits, half of which go to charity |volunteers, a few of whom arrived early | suggestions, few of which were practical |all, some, most, half podem se referir a substantivos contáveis (ex: students, books) ou incontáveis (ex: information, water). Quando se referem a um substantivo plural contável, o verbo será plural. Quando se referem a um substantivo incontável, o verbo será singular.none, embora ambos os verbos (singular e plural) sejam aceitáveis, o plural é mais comum no inglês contemporâneo para substantivos contáveis, mas o singular ainda é gramaticalmente correto, especialmente em contextos formais.- Para fornecer detalhes precisos sobre uma parte de um grupo: Use essa estrutura quando você apresentou um grupo de pessoas ou coisas e precisa dar detalhes sobre um número específico, uma proporção ou uma característica de uma parte desse grupo. Ela integra essa informação de forma suave, melhorando o fluxo da informação.
- Em vez de:
The committee reviewed seven proposals. Two of the proposals were rejected.(O comitê revisou sete propostas. Duas das propostas foram rejeitadas. – Menos coeso) - Use:
The committee reviewed seven proposals, two of which were rejected.(O comitê revisou sete propostas, duas das quais foram rejeitadas. – Mais conciso e integrado) - Outro exemplo:
We interviewed ten candidates for the position, most of whom had relevant experience.(Entrevistamos dez candidatos para a posição, a maioria dos quais tinha experiência relevante.)
- Em contextos formais e acadêmicos: Você encontrará com frequência cláusulas relativas com quantificadores em artigos acadêmicos, relatórios oficiais, apresentações formais e textos mais elaborados. Elas contribuem para um estilo de escrita preciso, econômico e polido, muito valorizado nesses ambientes. A capacidade de embutir informações qualificadoras de forma fluida demonstra controle linguístico avançado.
The research analyzed a cohort of 500 patients, a third of whom exhibited positive responses to the treatment.(A pesquisa analisou uma coorte de 500 pacientes, um terço dos quais exibiu respostas positivas ao tratamento.)The legislation introduced several new clauses, none of which significantly altered the original intent.(A legislação introduziu várias novas cláusulas, nenhuma das quais alterou significativamente a intenção original.)
- Para melhorar a coesão e evitar repetição: Essa construção ajuda a evitar o efeito um pouco desconexo de usar frases separadas ou a repetição desajeitada de um substantivo ou pronome (como
some of them,all of them) em cláusulas subsequentes. Ela garante uma narrativa ou argumento mais suave e fluido. - Considere:
The delegates discussed several key issues. Some of them were quite controversial.(Os delegados discutiram várias questões importantes. Algumas delas eram bastante controversas. – Repetitivo e menos fluído) - Melhor:
The delegates discussed several key issues, some of which were quite controversial.(Os delegados discutiram várias questões importantes, algumas das quais eram bastante controversas. – Mais integrado e elegante)
- Em descrições detalhadas em relatórios ou apresentações: Ao descrever resultados, amostras ou grupos, essa estrutura permite adicionar detalhes específicos sobre subconjuntos de forma eficiente.
The survey reached 1000 participants, 30% of whom provided feedback on the new design.(A pesquisa alcançou 1000 participantes, 30% dos quais forneceram feedback sobre o novo design.)We analyzed the financial statements, a significant portion of which showed losses.(Analisamos as demonstrações financeiras, uma porção significativa das quais mostrou perdas.)
- Em narrativas mais complexas: Ao contar uma história ou descrever uma situação que envolve grupos e subgrupos, essa estrutura adiciona profundidade e nuance.
The festival featured many bands, most of which played indie rock.(O festival apresentou muitas bandas, a maioria das quais tocava indie rock.)He inherited a collection of antique furniture, all of which required restoration.(Ele herdou uma coleção de móveis antigos, todos os quais exigiam restauração.)
- 1Omitir o
of: Este é, de longe, o erro mais comum. Em português, muitas vezes dizemos algo comotodos elesounenhum deles. A tentação é traduzir diretamente paraall themounone themem inglês, ou mesmoall whom/none which. Mas, como vimos, oofé essencial para conectar o quantificador ao pronome relativo.
- Erro:
The students, all whom passed the exam, celebrated. - Correto:
The students, all of whom passed the exam, celebrated. - Por quê? Em português, não temos uma preposição equivalente que precise ligar o quantificador ao pronome nesse contexto. Dizemos
todos os quais, ondeos quaisjá funciona como pronome relativo. Em inglês,all whomsoa incompleto; oofé necessário para estabelecer a relação de parte-todo.
- 1Concordância verbal incorreta: Outro erro frequente é fazer o verbo concordar com o substantivo principal da oração, em vez de concordar com o quantificador.
- Erro:
We met the team leaders, most of whom is very experienced. - Correto:
We met the team leaders, most of whom are very experienced. - Por quê? Em português, a concordância verbal geralmente recai sobre o sujeito principal. Em
a maioria dos quais é experiente, o verboéconcorda coma maioria. Em inglês, a regra é diferente: o verbo na cláusula relativa concorda com o quantificador (mostneste caso, que se refere a um substantivo pluralleaders, exigindo um verbo pluralare).
- 1Usar
whoem vez dewhomapósof: Comowhomé o pronome oblíquo (objeto) eofé uma preposição, o pronome que a segue deve estar no caso oblíquo. Embora o uso dewhoem vez dewhomesteja se tornando mais comum na fala informal, em escrita formal e em estruturas como essa,whomé o correto.
- Erro:
She has two daughters, both of who are studying medicine. - Correto:
She has two daughters, both of whom are studying medicine. - Por quê? Em português, usamos
quemouos quais/as quais. A distinção entre sujeito e objeto em pronomes relativos é menos rígida do que em inglês. Em inglês, após preposições (of,to,for,with, etc.), o pronome relativo para pessoas deve serwhom.
- 1Não usar vírgulas (ou usá-las incorretamente): Esquecer as vírgulas transforma uma cláusula não definidora (informação extra) em uma definidora (informação essencial), mudando o sentido da frase.
- Sem vírgulas (erro de sentido):
The delegates who had concerns left the room.(Os delegados que tinham preocupações saíram da sala – Sugere que havia outros delegados sem preocupações que não saíram). - Com vírgulas (correto para informação extra):
The delegates, who had concerns, left the room.(Os delegados, que tinham preocupações, saíram da sala – Todos os delegados mencionados tinham preocupações e todos saíram). - No contexto do quantificador:
The delegates, many of whom had concerns, left the room.(Os delegados, muitos dos quais tinham preocupações, saíram da sala. – Aqui, as vírgulas são essenciais porquemany of whomé uma informação adicional sobre o grupodelegates.) - Por quê? A estrutura
quantifier + of + pronouné intrinsecamente uma adição de informação. Em português, usamos vírgulas para isolar apostos ou orações explicativas, o que é análogo à função das vírgulas em inglês para cláusulas não definidoras.
who (para pessoas) ou which (para coisas) diretamente, sem quantifier + of.The students, all of whom passed, celebrated. | The students who passed celebrated. (Definidora) / The students, who passed, celebrated. (Não definidora – menos comum nesse contexto) |I read the books, most of which were excellent. | I read the books that were excellent. (Definidora) / I read the books, which were excellent. (Não definidora – implica que todos os livros eram excelentes) |that para coisas e pessoas (ou omitimos o pronome relativo quando ele é o objeto). Em cláusulas não definidoras (com vírgulas), usamos who para pessoas e which para coisas.quantifier + of + pronoun é sempre não definidora e sempre usa whom ou which.The delegates, all of whom were concerned, met. | The delegates met. All of them were concerned. |She met the candidates, some of whom she hired. | She met the candidates. Some of them she hired. (ou ...and some of them she hired.) |quantifier + of + pronoun (all of whom, some of which) é gramaticalmente parte de uma cláusula relativa e requer o pronome relativo (whom/which). A construção quantifier + of + pronoun pessoal (all of them, some of us) funciona como um pronome independente ou parte de uma frase preposicional, e não como uma cláusula relativa.of whom, às vezes podemos usar o possessivo whose.of whom | Estrutura com whose (menos comum com quantificador) |The artists, all of whom displayed their work... | The artists, whose work was displayed... (Aqui, whose se refere a work, não diretamente ao artista no sentido de posse de algo externo.) |whose com quantificadores não é tão comum quanto of whom/which. Geralmente, whose é usado para indicar posse (The artist whose painting won the prize...).The students, all of whom passed, celebrated. | Os alunos, todos os quais passaram, comemoraram. |We analyzed the data, half of which was corrupted. | Analisamos os dados, metade dos quais estavam corrompidos. |She spoke to the managers, two of whom agreed. | Ela falou com os gerentes, dois dos quais concordaram. |quantificador + de + pronome relativo (todos os quais, metade dos quais) é bastante similar ao inglês. A principal diferença está na concordância verbal e no uso mais restrito de who vs whom em inglês.who em vez de whom depois de of?whom depois de uma preposição como of. Ex: all of whom. No entanto, na linguagem falada e informal, é cada vez mais comum ouvir all of who. Em escrita formal, apresentações, ou em testes de proficiência, é mais seguro usar whom para evitar erros.quantifier + of + pronoun) geralmente se aplica a substantivos plurais ou incontáveis na oração principal. Se o substantivo principal for singular, a construção não se encaixa bem. Por exemplo, seria estranho dizer The student, all of whom passed....The student, who passed, was happy. ou The student who passed was happy..All of which sempre pede verbo plural?all of which se refere a um substantivo incontável (como information, water, progress), o verbo será singular. Ex: The information, all of which is crucial, was presented. (As informações, todas as quais são cruciais, foram apresentadas.) Se se refere a um substantivo plural contável (como books, ideas, reports), o verbo será plural.The books, all of which are on the table, belong to me. (Os livros, todos os quais estão sobre a mesa, pertencem a mim.)all of whom / all of which?todos os quais/todas as quais (para pessoas e coisas) e todo o qual/toda a qual (para coisas incontáveis ou conceitos) é bem similar. Por exemplo: Os convidados, todos os quais chegaram cedo, foram recebidos. é um bom paralelo para The guests, all of whom arrived early, were welcomed. A principal diferença é que em inglês, o of é obrigatório e a concordância verbal depende do quantificador, enquanto em português a concordância é mais direta com o pronome relativo.The Quantifier Structure
| Quantifier | Preposition | Relative Pronoun | Usage |
|---|---|---|---|
|
All / Some / Many
|
of
|
whom
|
For People
|
|
All / Some / Many
|
of
|
which
|
For Things
|
|
None / Neither
|
of
|
whom
|
Negative (People)
|
|
None / Neither
|
of
|
which
|
Negative (Things)
|
|
Two / Three / Ten
|
of
|
whom
|
Specific Number (People)
|
|
The majority / Half
|
of
|
which
|
Portions (Things)
|
Meanings
A type of non-defining relative clause used to provide information about a specific portion or quantity of a previously mentioned noun.
Quantifying People
Using 'of whom' to specify a number or portion of a group of people.
“The team has ten members, all of whom are experts.”
“I met several students, two of whom were from Italy.”
Quantifying Objects/Ideas
Using 'of which' to specify a number or portion of a group of things or concepts.
“He wrote five books, none of which were published.”
“We visited three museums, each of which was unique.”
Specifying Parts of a Whole
Using words like 'half', 'most', or 'the majority' to describe a portion.
“The company hired 100 workers, half of whom are part-time.”
“The forest has thousands of trees, the majority of which are oaks.”
Reference Table
| Tipo de Sujeito | Estrutura | Exemplos de Quantificadores | Frase de Exemplo |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Pessoas
|
Quantifier + of whom
|
all, many, some, three
|
I have ten friends, many of whom live abroad.
|
|
Coisas
|
Quantifier + of which
|
all, most, none, a few
|
She has many books, all of which are signed.
|
|
Pares (Pessoas)
|
Both/Neither + of whom
|
both, neither
|
I met two actors, neither of whom I recognized.
|
|
Pares (Coisas)
|
Both/Neither + of which
|
both, neither
|
He has two cars, both of which are electric.
|
|
Posse
|
Quantifier + of whose + noun
|
all, some
|
They have three kids, all of whose names start with A.
|
|
Números
|
Number + of which/whom
|
one, two, five
|
We ordered five pizzas, two of which were vegan.
|
Espectro de formalidade
I have ten colleagues, all of whom are highly skilled. (Professional/Social)
I have ten colleagues, and they are all very good at their jobs. (Professional/Social)
I've got ten people at work, all of them are great. (Professional/Social)
My work crew? All of 'em are legends. (Professional/Social)
Orações Relativas com Quantificadores
Pessoas
- whom referindo-se a humanos
- all of whom todas as pessoas do grupo
Coisas/Objetos
- which referindo-se a não-humanos
- most of which maioria dos itens
Conexões Formais vs. Informais
Como escolher seu pronome?
Você está descrevendo pessoas?
Está depois de uma vírgula?
Quantificadores Comuns para Usar
Total / Positivo
- • all of
- • both of
- • most of
Negativo
- • none of
- • neither of
Parcial / Números
- • some of
- • a few of
- • three of
Exemplos por nível
I have two pens. Both of them are red.
I have two pens. Both of them are red.
She has three cats. One of them is black.
She has three cats. One of them is black.
I saw five movies. All of them were good.
I saw five movies. All of them were good.
He has two brothers. They are both tall.
He has two brothers. They are both tall.
I have many friends, and some of them live here.
I have many friends, and some of them live here.
He bought four apples, but two of them were bad.
He bought four apples, but two of them were bad.
We have ten computers, and all of them are new.
We have ten computers, and all of them are new.
She invited ten people, but none of them came.
She invited ten people, but none of them came.
I have three sisters, all of whom are older than me.
I have three sisters, all of whom are older than me.
He owns five cars, none of which are electric.
He owns five cars, none of which are electric.
The hotel has 50 rooms, most of which have a sea view.
The hotel has 50 rooms, most of which have a sea view.
I met the managers, two of whom were very helpful.
I met the managers, two of whom were very helpful.
The company launched three products, each of which targeted a different market.
The company launched three products, each of which targeted a different market.
There were several candidates, few of whom possessed the necessary skills.
There were several candidates, few of whom possessed the necessary skills.
The library contains thousands of manuscripts, some of which date back to the 12th century.
The library contains thousands of manuscripts, some of which date back to the 12th century.
He has published many articles, the majority of which focus on climate change.
He has published many articles, the majority of which focus on climate change.
The researchers interviewed 200 subjects, a significant proportion of whom reported side effects.
The researchers interviewed 200 subjects, a significant proportion of whom reported side effects.
The city is home to numerous skyscrapers, the tallest of which reaches 500 meters.
The city is home to numerous skyscrapers, the tallest of which reaches 500 meters.
The committee proposed several amendments, none of which were accepted by the board.
The committee proposed several amendments, none of which were accepted by the board.
The artist created a series of murals, the most famous of which is located in the city center.
The artist created a series of murals, the most famous of which is located in the city center.
The philosopher explored various metaphysical theories, the intricacies of which remain a subject of debate.
The philosopher explored various metaphysical theories, the intricacies of which remain a subject of debate.
The treaty consists of twelve articles, the third of which stipulates the terms of ceasefire.
The treaty consists of twelve articles, the third of which stipulates the terms of ceasefire.
He was surrounded by sycophants, all of whom vied for his fleeting attention.
He was surrounded by sycophants, all of whom vied for his fleeting attention.
The galaxy contains billions of stars, an infinitesimal fraction of which may harbor life.
The galaxy contains billions of stars, an infinitesimal fraction of which may harbor life.
Fácil de confundir
Learners confuse 'of whom' (part of a group) with 'whose' (possession).
Learners forget to add the quantifier and just use 'which' or 'who'.
Erros comuns
I have two brothers, all of who are tall.
I have two brothers. Both of them are tall.
I have many books, some of them are old.
I have many books, and some of them are old.
I have three friends, all of them live in London.
I have three friends, all of whom live in London.
He has two cars, both of who are fast.
He has two cars, both of which are fast.
The guests, many of who arrived late...
The guests, many of whom arrived late...
Padrões de frases
I have ___, ___ of whom ___.
There are ___, ___ of which ___.
Real World Usage
The survey included 500 participants, most of whom were students.
I led several teams, all of whom exceeded their targets.
The police arrested five suspects, two of whom have been charged.
The resort has three pools, none of which were crowded.
The set comes with six brushes, each of which has a specific use.
He had many secrets, some of which were dangerous.
A Vírgula é Essencial
I have three cars, all of which are red.(e não 'I have three cars all of which are red.')
Impressione seu Chefe
We analyzed 50 samples, 40 of which showed improvement.Parece bem mais profissional do que frases separadas, né?
O Teste do Coração
I have two friends, both of whom love pizza.(pessoas = coração),
I have three books, all of which are interesting.(coisas = sem coração).
Smart Tips
Try combining them with 'of whom' or 'of which' to make your writing flow better.
If there is a preposition like 'of' right before it, it is ALWAYS 'whom'.
Pronúncia
Stress on the Quantifier
In these clauses, the quantifier (all, some, none) usually receives the primary stress to emphasize the amount.
The 'of' reduction
The word 'of' is often reduced to a weak 'schwa' sound /əv/.
Non-defining pause
I have two brothers [pause] both of whom are doctors.
The pause (indicated by the comma) shows that the following information is extra.
Memorize
Mnemônico
Remember: 'Whom' for the 'Home-sapiens' (people), 'Which' for the 'Witch's' broom (things).
Associação visual
Imagine a large circle representing a group. Inside, a smaller circle is highlighted with a label like '3 of whom' or 'some of which'. This shows you are focusing on a subset.
Rhyme
For people use 'whom', for things use 'which', add a comma first to avoid a glitch!
Story
A king had three sons, all of whom wanted the throne. He gave them three tasks, none of which were easy. The first son failed, at which point the second son tried.
Word Web
Desafio
Write three sentences about your family or your belongings using 'all of whom', 'none of which', and 'two of whom'.
Notas culturais
This structure is a hallmark of high-level academic writing in the UK and US. Using it correctly can significantly improve the 'academic tone' of an essay.
In formal British contexts, 'whom' is preserved more strictly than in some casual American dialects.
Legal documents use this to be extremely precise about which parts of a contract or group of people are being discussed.
This structure stems from the Latin 'partitive genitive', where a part is taken from a whole.
Iniciadores de conversa
Tell me about your favorite movies. How many have you seen recently?
How many people are in your family, and what do they do?
Think about the apps on your phone. Which ones do you use most?
Temas para diário
Erros comuns
Test Yourself
I have two best friends, both of ___ live in London.
Escolha a melhor frase para um ensaio formal:
Find and fix the mistake:
I have many unread notifications, some of who are from Instagram.
Score: /3
Exercicios praticos
8 exercisesI have three cousins, all of ___ live in America.
He bought five shirts, two of ___ were too small.
Find and fix the mistake:
She has many friends, some of them are doctors.
He told me three stories. They weren't true.
'The company has ten employees, all of who work from home.'
A: Did you like the books I lent you? B: I've read three of them, ___.
1. Students, 2. Computers
sisters / I / two / have / whom / of / both / doctors / are / ,
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesThe team has ten members, six of ___ are from Germany.
He has two houses, neither of who is in the city.
many \/ , \/ I \/ apps \/ of \/ use \/ which \/ I \/ have \/ .
Ich habe zwei Schwestern, von denen beide Lehrerinnen sind.
Identifique a frase gramaticalmente perfeita:
Associe corretamente:
The store sells many brands, most of ___ are local.
I have five pens none of which work.
none of whom \/ , \/ the party \/ ten people attended \/ I knew \/ .
Er machte viele Vorschläge, von denen keiner akzeptiert wurde.
Score: /10
Perguntas frequentes (8)
No. In this specific structure (after a quantifier and 'of'), you can only use `which` for things and `whom` for people.
It is quite formal. In casual speech, most people say `I have three brothers and all of them are...` rather than using `all of whom`.
Yes. These are non-defining relative clauses, which always require a comma to separate the extra information from the main clause.
Absolutely! Any quantifier works: `one`, `two`, `several`, `many`, `a few`, `none`, `all`, etc.
Usually, we use `which` for animals. However, if the animals are pets with names, some people use `whom`, though `which` is always safe.
It depends on the noun. Usually, it takes a plural verb if the group is plural: `None of which are...` but in very formal English, some prefer the singular `is`.
No, the relative clause must follow the noun it describes. You must introduce the group before you can quantify it.
Use `both` specifically for two people. Use `all` for three or more.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
de los cuales / de quienes
English pronouns (whom/which) do not change for gender or number.
dont / desquels
French 'dont' is much more versatile and common than the English quantifier structure.
von denen / von welchen
German requires the verb at the very end of the clause.
そのうちの (sono uchi no)
Japanese does not use relative pronouns like 'which' or 'whom'.
منهم (minhum) / منها (minha)
Arabic uses pronouns attached to prepositions rather than independent relative pronouns.
其中 (qízhōng)
Chinese lacks relative pronouns and uses fixed phrases to show part-whole relationships.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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