Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use quantifiers like 'all' or 'some' with 'of whom' or 'of which' to add specific details about a group.
- Use 'of whom' for people: 'I have two sisters, both of whom are doctors.'
- Use 'of which' for things: 'He bought three cars, none of which work.'
- Always use a comma before the quantifier to separate the extra information.
Overview
all of whom 或 none of which。I have three siblings. All of them are older than me. 转化为一个优雅的长句：I have three siblings, all of whom are older than me.whom（指人）或 which（指物）。掌握了它，你的英语表达将从“碎片化”进化到“结构化”，听起来会更加专业且更有条理。of + 关系代词”构成的。of + [关系代词 whom 或 which（部分）] + [谓语/其他信息]- 数量词 (Quantifier)：可以是表示比例的（
all,most,some,half,none），也可以是具体的数字（one,two,three），或者是表示程度的（many,few,several）。 of：这是一个至关重要的介词，表示“……之中的”。在中文思维里，我们常漏掉这个of，但在英语中，没有of，数量词和关系代词就失去了逻辑联系。- 关系代词 (Relative Pronoun)：这里只有两个选择：
whom：用于指人（注意：这里必须用宾格whom，因为它是介词of的宾语）。which：用于指物、动物或抽象概念。
is 和 are 之间搞混。whom。记住，即使在口语中，在 of 后面也必须用 whom，不能用 who。- 复数意义：
I met the new team members, many of whom are from overseas.(许多人是，所以用are) - 单数意义：
The manager interviewed three candidates, one of whom was exceptionally talented.(其中一个是，所以用was)
which。无论是具体的物体（如手机、外卖）还是抽象的概念（如建议、规则），都用 which。- 复数意义：
She bought five dresses, two of which were on sale.(其中两件是，用were) - 单数意义：
The report contains a lot of data, some of which is difficult to interpret.(由于data在这里常作不可数处理，或者some修饰不可数概念，动词用单数is)
- 如果数量词是
one,each,neither,either：动词用单数。 - 如果数量词是
two,both,many,several：动词用复数。 - 如果数量词是
all,most,some,half,none： - 若修饰的是可数名词复数（如
students），动词通常用复数。 - 若修饰的是不可数名词（如
information），动词用单数。
of 之后，whom 或 which。”I spent the weekend with my high school friends, all of whom are now married.- （我和高中同学度过了周末，他们全都结婚了。）
We received thirty feedback forms, most of which were positive.- （我们收到了30份反馈表，其中大部分是正面的。）
We received thirty feedback forms. Most of them were positive. 听起来更像一个成熟的职场人士。they, them, it，句子会显得很低幼。使用这种定语从句可以把零散的信息缝合在一起。想象你在淘宝购物后评价：I ordered four items, none of which arrived on time.- （我订了四件商品，没有一件是准时到的。）
them 或 it 代替关系代词- 错误：
I have many friends, some of them live in Beijing.(❌) - 正确：
I have many friends, some of whom live in Beijing.(✅) - 解析： 在英语中，逗号不能直接连接两个独立的句子。如果你用
them，那么some of them live in Beijing就是一个独立的句子，必须用分号或句号隔开。如果你想用逗号连接，就必须使用关系代词whom。
ofof 来表达部分与整体的关系。- 错误：
The company has several branches, many which are in Europe.(❌) - 正确：
The company has several branches, many of which are in Europe.(✅) - 解析： 没有
of，many和which之间就没有语法上的纽带。
who 代替 whomwho 经常代替 whom 作宾语，但在 of 这种介词之后，语法规则非常严格，必须使用宾格 whom。- 错误：
The students, all of who passed the exam, were very happy.(❌) - 正确：
The students, all of whom passed the exam, were very happy.(✅)
I have two brothers. Both of them are doctors. | 简单、直接，适合初学者。 |I have two brothers, and both of them are doctors. | 连贯性增强，但依然比较普通。 |I have two brothers, both of whom are doctors. | 正式、优雅、地道，适合 B1+ 水平。 |I have two brothers, both being doctors. | 极度正式，有时显得生硬。 |each of which 和 every：each 可以用于这种结构（each of which），但 every 不能。你不能说 every of which，因为 every 是形容词，不能直接接 of。that 来代替 which 吗？that。此外，that 也不能紧跟在介词 of 后面。one of whom 还是 one of which？one of whom；如果是“我的手机”，用 one of which。all of whom，会立刻让你的英语听起来更有教养、更专业。none of whom 后面动词用单数还是复数？none 往往被视为“没有一个”，倾向于用单数（none of whom is...）；但在现代英语和日常口语中，用复数（none of whom are...）也非常普遍且被接受。对于 B1 考试，通常复数更为保险，除非语境强调“绝无仅有一个”。The Quantifier Structure
| Quantifier | Preposition | Relative Pronoun | Usage |
|---|---|---|---|
|
All / Some / Many
|
of
|
whom
|
For People
|
|
All / Some / Many
|
of
|
which
|
For Things
|
|
None / Neither
|
of
|
whom
|
Negative (People)
|
|
None / Neither
|
of
|
which
|
Negative (Things)
|
|
Two / Three / Ten
|
of
|
whom
|
Specific Number (People)
|
|
The majority / Half
|
of
|
which
|
Portions (Things)
|
Meanings
A type of non-defining relative clause used to provide information about a specific portion or quantity of a previously mentioned noun.
Quantifying People
Using 'of whom' to specify a number or portion of a group of people.
“The team has ten members, all of whom are experts.”
“I met several students, two of whom were from Italy.”
Quantifying Objects/Ideas
Using 'of which' to specify a number or portion of a group of things or concepts.
“He wrote five books, none of which were published.”
“We visited three museums, each of which was unique.”
Specifying Parts of a Whole
Using words like 'half', 'most', or 'the majority' to describe a portion.
“The company hired 100 workers, half of whom are part-time.”
“The forest has thousands of trees, the majority of which are oaks.”
Reference Table
| 对象类型 | 结构 | 常用数量词 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
人
|
Quantity + of whom
|
all, many, some, three
|
I have ten friends, many of whom live abroad.
|
|
事物
|
Quantity + of which
|
all, most, none, a few
|
She has many books, all of which are signed.
|
|
两人
|
Both/Neither + of whom
|
both, neither
|
I met two actors, neither of whom I recognized.
|
|
两物
|
Both/Neither + of which
|
both, neither
|
He has two cars, both of which are electric.
|
|
所属关系
|
Quantity + of whose + noun
|
all, some
|
They have three kids, all of whose names start with A.
|
|
具体数字
|
Number + of which/whom
|
one, two, five
|
We ordered five pizzas, two of which were vegan.
|
正式程度
I have ten colleagues, all of whom are highly skilled. (Professional/Social)
I have ten colleagues, and they are all very good at their jobs. (Professional/Social)
I've got ten people at work, all of them are great. (Professional/Social)
My work crew? All of 'em are legends. (Professional/Social)
数量词定语从句
人
- whom referring to humans
- all of whom every person in the group
事物/物体
- which referring to non-humans
- most of which majority of the items
正式 vs 非正式连接
如何选择代词？
你在描述人吗？
在逗号后面吗？
常用的数量词
全部 / 肯定
- • all of
- • both of
- • most of
否定
- • none of
- • neither of
部分 / 数字
- • some of
- • a few of
- • three of
按水平分级的例句
I have two pens. Both of them are red.
I have two pens. Both of them are red.
She has three cats. One of them is black.
She has three cats. One of them is black.
I saw five movies. All of them were good.
I saw five movies. All of them were good.
He has two brothers. They are both tall.
He has two brothers. They are both tall.
I have many friends, and some of them live here.
I have many friends, and some of them live here.
He bought four apples, but two of them were bad.
He bought four apples, but two of them were bad.
We have ten computers, and all of them are new.
We have ten computers, and all of them are new.
She invited ten people, but none of them came.
She invited ten people, but none of them came.
I have three sisters, all of whom are older than me.
I have three sisters, all of whom are older than me.
He owns five cars, none of which are electric.
He owns five cars, none of which are electric.
The hotel has 50 rooms, most of which have a sea view.
The hotel has 50 rooms, most of which have a sea view.
I met the managers, two of whom were very helpful.
I met the managers, two of whom were very helpful.
The company launched three products, each of which targeted a different market.
The company launched three products, each of which targeted a different market.
There were several candidates, few of whom possessed the necessary skills.
There were several candidates, few of whom possessed the necessary skills.
The library contains thousands of manuscripts, some of which date back to the 12th century.
The library contains thousands of manuscripts, some of which date back to the 12th century.
He has published many articles, the majority of which focus on climate change.
He has published many articles, the majority of which focus on climate change.
The researchers interviewed 200 subjects, a significant proportion of whom reported side effects.
The researchers interviewed 200 subjects, a significant proportion of whom reported side effects.
The city is home to numerous skyscrapers, the tallest of which reaches 500 meters.
The city is home to numerous skyscrapers, the tallest of which reaches 500 meters.
The committee proposed several amendments, none of which were accepted by the board.
The committee proposed several amendments, none of which were accepted by the board.
The artist created a series of murals, the most famous of which is located in the city center.
The artist created a series of murals, the most famous of which is located in the city center.
The philosopher explored various metaphysical theories, the intricacies of which remain a subject of debate.
The philosopher explored various metaphysical theories, the intricacies of which remain a subject of debate.
The treaty consists of twelve articles, the third of which stipulates the terms of ceasefire.
The treaty consists of twelve articles, the third of which stipulates the terms of ceasefire.
He was surrounded by sycophants, all of whom vied for his fleeting attention.
He was surrounded by sycophants, all of whom vied for his fleeting attention.
The galaxy contains billions of stars, an infinitesimal fraction of which may harbor life.
The galaxy contains billions of stars, an infinitesimal fraction of which may harbor life.
容易混淆
Learners confuse 'of whom' (part of a group) with 'whose' (possession).
Learners forget to add the quantifier and just use 'which' or 'who'.
常见错误
I have two brothers, all of who are tall.
I have two brothers. Both of them are tall.
I have many books, some of them are old.
I have many books, and some of them are old.
I have three friends, all of them live in London.
I have three friends, all of whom live in London.
He has two cars, both of who are fast.
He has two cars, both of which are fast.
The guests, many of who arrived late...
The guests, many of whom arrived late...
句型
I have ___, ___ of whom ___.
There are ___, ___ of which ___.
Real World Usage
The survey included 500 participants, most of whom were students.
I led several teams, all of whom exceeded their targets.
The police arrested five suspects, two of whom have been charged.
The resort has three pools, none of which were crowded.
The set comes with six brushes, each of which has a specific use.
He had many secrets, some of which were dangerous.
逗号是灵魂
I have two sisters, both of whom are doctors.
职场加分项
We analyzed 50 samples, 40 of which showed improvement.
“心跳”测试法
whom，没心跳的（书、APP、车）用 which： I bought some new apps, some of which are very helpful.
Smart Tips
Try combining them with 'of whom' or 'of which' to make your writing flow better.
If there is a preposition like 'of' right before it, it is ALWAYS 'whom'.
发音
Stress on the Quantifier
In these clauses, the quantifier (all, some, none) usually receives the primary stress to emphasize the amount.
The 'of' reduction
The word 'of' is often reduced to a weak 'schwa' sound /əv/.
Non-defining pause
I have two brothers [pause] both of whom are doctors.
The pause (indicated by the comma) shows that the following information is extra.
记住它
记忆技巧
Remember: 'Whom' for the 'Home-sapiens' (people), 'Which' for the 'Witch's' broom (things).
视觉联想
Imagine a large circle representing a group. Inside, a smaller circle is highlighted with a label like '3 of whom' or 'some of which'. This shows you are focusing on a subset.
Rhyme
For people use 'whom', for things use 'which', add a comma first to avoid a glitch!
Story
A king had three sons, all of whom wanted the throne. He gave them three tasks, none of which were easy. The first son failed, at which point the second son tried.
Word Web
挑战
Write three sentences about your family or your belongings using 'all of whom', 'none of which', and 'two of whom'.
文化笔记
This structure is a hallmark of high-level academic writing in the UK and US. Using it correctly can significantly improve the 'academic tone' of an essay.
In formal British contexts, 'whom' is preserved more strictly than in some casual American dialects.
Legal documents use this to be extremely precise about which parts of a contract or group of people are being discussed.
This structure stems from the Latin 'partitive genitive', where a part is taken from a whole.
对话开场白
Tell me about your favorite movies. How many have you seen recently?
How many people are in your family, and what do they do?
Think about the apps on your phone. Which ones do you use most?
日记主题
常见错误
Test Yourself
I have two best friends, both of ___ live in London.
为正式论文选择最佳句子：
Find and fix the mistake:
I have many unread notifications, some of who are from Instagram.
Score: /3
练习题
8 exercisesI have three cousins, all of ___ live in America.
He bought five shirts, two of ___ were too small.
Find and fix the mistake:
She has many friends, some of them are doctors.
He told me three stories. They weren't true.
'The company has ten employees, all of who work from home.'
A: Did you like the books I lent you? B: I've read three of them, ___.
1. Students, 2. Computers
sisters / I / two / have / whom / of / both / doctors / are / ,
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesThe team has ten members, six of ___ are from Germany.
He has two houses, neither of who is in the city.
many / , / I / apps / of / use / which / I / have / .
我有两个姐姐，她们两个都是老师。
识别语法完美的句子：
正确连线：
The store sells many brands, most of ___ are local.
I have five pens none of which work.
none of whom / , / the party / ten people attended / I knew / .
他提出了很多建议，但没有一个被采纳。
Score: /10
常见问题 (8)
No. In this specific structure (after a quantifier and 'of'), you can only use `which` for things and `whom` for people.
It is quite formal. In casual speech, most people say `I have three brothers and all of them are...` rather than using `all of whom`.
Yes. These are non-defining relative clauses, which always require a comma to separate the extra information from the main clause.
Absolutely! Any quantifier works: `one`, `two`, `several`, `many`, `a few`, `none`, `all`, etc.
Usually, we use `which` for animals. However, if the animals are pets with names, some people use `whom`, though `which` is always safe.
It depends on the noun. Usually, it takes a plural verb if the group is plural: `None of which are...` but in very formal English, some prefer the singular `is`.
No, the relative clause must follow the noun it describes. You must introduce the group before you can quantify it.
Use `both` specifically for two people. Use `all` for three or more.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
de los cuales / de quienes
English pronouns (whom/which) do not change for gender or number.
dont / desquels
French 'dont' is much more versatile and common than the English quantifier structure.
von denen / von welchen
German requires the verb at the very end of the clause.
そのうちの (sono uchi no)
Japanese does not use relative pronouns like 'which' or 'whom'.
منهم (minhum) / منها (minha)
Arabic uses pronouns attached to prepositions rather than independent relative pronouns.
其中 (qízhōng)
Chinese lacks relative pronouns and uses fixed phrases to show part-whole relationships.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
相关视频
Related Grammar Rules
定语从句：限定性与非限定性的意义区别
Overview 想象一下你正在刷 Instagram 动态。你看到一个朋友发的一条状态，他养了两只猫。一只是蓬松的白猫，另一只是油亮的黑猫...
关系副词：表示地点的 'Where'
Overview 有没有试过想跟朋友介绍那个超级棒的披萨店，结果话说到一半卡住了？你知道的，就是那家店。就是那家在饼皮上抹蜂蜜的...
正式关系从句 (in which, to whom)
### Overview 在英语学习的进阶道路上，当你从 B1 迈向 B2 甚至更高水平时，你会发现英语不再仅仅是“把意思表达清楚”，而是关乎...
缩短你的句子：简化关系从句
### Overview 在英语学习的进阶阶段，尤其是达到 B2 (Upper-Intermediate) 水平后，你可能会发现，虽然你的句子在语法上是正确...
Whose：表示所有格
### Overview 在英语学习的进阶阶段，尤其是达到 B2（中高级）水平时，语法的精准度和表达的流畅度成为了核心目标。今天我们要...
