吐き出す in 30 Sekunden
- To spit out or exhale.
- Can be literal (food, air) or figurative (emotions, complaints).
- Common in everyday speech and descriptions of physical actions.
- Important for B1 level learners and beyond.
The Japanese verb 吐き出す (hakidasu) is a versatile word with two primary meanings: to spit out and to exhale. Its usage often depends on the context, ranging from literal physical actions to more figurative expressions.
- Literal Meaning: To Spit Out
- In its most direct sense, 吐き出す refers to the physical act of expelling something from the mouth. This could be saliva, food, or any foreign object that needs to be removed. For instance, if someone accidentally swallows something unpleasant, they might 吐き出す it.
- Literal Meaning: To Exhale
- Another common literal meaning is to exhale, or to breathe out. This is particularly used when talking about the process of breathing, especially after holding one's breath or when describing the release of air from the lungs. It can also refer to the expulsion of smoke from cigarettes or other substances.
- Figurative Meaning: To Express or Release
- Beyond the physical, 吐き出す can be used figuratively to mean to express or release something, often negative emotions, thoughts, or burdens. It implies getting something off one's chest, like complaining, venting, or pouring out one's feelings. This usage highlights the idea of expelling something internal.
医者は、患者に苦い薬を 吐き出す ように言いました。
深呼吸をして、ゆっくりと息を 吐き出す。
彼は、長年の不満をすべて 吐き出す かのように話した。
Mastering 吐き出す (hakidasu) involves understanding its nuances and how it fits into various sentence structures. Here's a breakdown of its common grammatical patterns and how to construct sentences with it.
- Verb Conjugations
- As a Group 1 verb (五段動詞 - godan dōshi), 吐き出す conjugates like other verbs ending in 'su'. The masu-stem is 吐き出し (hakidashi).
- Plain Form (Dictionary Form)
- The dictionary form is 吐き出す. It's used in informal speech and writing, and as the base for many conjugations.
- Te-form
- The te-form is 吐き出して (hakidashite). This is crucial for forming continuous tenses, requests, and connecting clauses.
- Nai-form
- The nai-form is 吐き出さない (hakidasanai). Used for negative statements.
- Potential Form
- The potential form is 吐き出せる (hakidaseru), meaning 'can spit out' or 'can exhale'.
- Passive Form
- The passive form is 吐き出される (hakidasareru).
- Causative Form
- The causative form is 吐き出させる (hakidasaseru).
彼は、口の中のものを 吐き出した。
タバコの煙をゆっくりと 吐き出す。
彼女は、溜まっていた不満を 吐き出して すっきりしたようだ。
You'll encounter 吐き出す (hakidasu) in a variety of everyday situations, from casual conversations to more formal settings, reflecting its diverse meanings.
- Medical and Health Contexts
- In a doctor's office or when discussing health, 吐き出す is used to describe expelling phlegm, mucus, or even vomiting. For example, a doctor might ask if you've been coughing anything up or if you've had to spit anything out.
- Breathing and Exercise
- When practicing breathing exercises, yoga, or even just discussing physical exertion, you'll hear 吐き出す used for exhaling. Phrases like 「息を大きく吐き出す」 (iki o ookiku hakidasu - exhale deeply) are common.
- Conversations about Emotions and Venting
- In informal conversations among friends, 吐き出す is frequently used when someone needs to vent about their problems, stress, or frustrations. They might say 「友達に愚痴を吐き出した」 (tomodachi ni guchi o hakidashita - I vented my complaints to my friend).
- Describing Physical Actions
- In everyday life, if someone accidentally tastes something bad or finds something unpleasant in their mouth, they might say 「まずいものを吐き出した」 (mazui mono o hakidashita - I spat out something bad).
- Literature and Media
- In literature, movies, and anime, 吐き出す can be used to describe dramatic expulsions, whether literal or figurative. It can add a strong emotional or physical impact to a scene.
「ちょっと、この変な味のものを 吐き出して！」
彼は、ライオンのように息を 吐き出した。
ストレスを 吐き出す 場所が必要だ。
Learners of Japanese sometimes make mistakes when using 吐き出す (hakidasu), often due to confusion with similar-sounding words or misinterpreting its nuances. Here are some common pitfalls to avoid.
- Confusing Literal and Figurative Meanings
- One common mistake is to use 吐き出す for all forms of expression, even when a more specific verb like 話す (hanasu - to speak) or 伝える (tsutaeru - to convey) would be more appropriate. While 吐き出す implies an expulsion of something, often negative or burdensome, it's not a general synonym for 'to say'.
- Overuse in Formal Settings
- The figurative use of 吐き出す, especially for venting emotions, can sound too informal or even harsh in very formal settings. For instance, in a business meeting, you wouldn't typically say you need to 吐き出す your work stress. More polite or neutral phrasing would be required.
- Confusing with 吐く (haku)
- The verb 吐く (haku) also means 'to vomit' or 'to spit out'. While they share meanings, 吐き出す often implies a more forceful or complete expulsion, or can be used for exhaling. 吐く is more commonly associated with vomiting. Context is key to differentiating.
- Incorrect Particle Usage
- While を (o) is common for direct objects (like spitting out food), when expressing emotions, learners might incorrectly use particles. For example, saying 「感情を吐き出す」 (kanjō o hakidasu) is correct, but using other particles might lead to confusion.
- Misinterpreting the 'Exhale' Meaning
- While 吐き出す can mean exhale, it's not always the most natural choice for simple breathing. For instance, simply saying 「息を吐き出す」 (iki o hakidasu) is fine, but in some contexts, 「息を吐く」 (iki o haku) might also be used, though 吐き出す emphasizes the release of air.
(Mistake) 彼は会議で、自分の意見を 吐き出した。
(Mistake) 私はお腹が痛くて、何度も 吐き出した。
Understanding the nuances of 吐き出す (hakidasu) is easier when compared to similar verbs. Here's a look at some alternatives and how they differ.
- 吐く (haku)
- Meaning: To vomit, to spit out, to exhale (less common for exhale than 吐き出す).
Difference: While both can mean 'to spit out', 吐く is more strongly associated with vomiting and is generally less nuanced than 吐き出す. 吐き出す can also be used for exhaling air more distinctly. - 排気する (haiki suru)
- Meaning: To exhaust, to vent (especially gases or air).
Difference: This is a more technical or formal term, often used for machines or industrial processes releasing exhaust. It's not typically used for human breathing or emotional venting. - 放出する (hōshutsu suru)
- Meaning: To release, to emit, to discharge.
Difference: This is a broader term for releasing something, which can include substances, energy, or even emotions. 吐き出す is more specific to expelling from the mouth or lungs, or for emotional expression that feels like an expulsion. - 漏らす (mōrasu)
- Meaning: To leak, to let out (often secrets or information), to urinate involuntarily.
Difference: Primarily used for accidental or involuntary release of information or bodily fluids. It doesn't carry the same meaning of active expulsion or exhaling as 吐き出す. - 愚痴を言う (guchi o iu)
- Meaning: To complain, to grumble.
Difference: This is a direct way to say 'to complain'. While 吐き出す can be used to describe the act of venting complaints, 愚痴を言う focuses specifically on the content of the complaint itself.
彼は、お腹が痛くて何度も 吐いた。
練習の後、彼は大きく息を 吐き出した。
彼は、溜まっていた不満を 吐き出した。
彼は、友達に自分の悩みを 愚痴を言った。
How Formal Is It?
Wusstest du?
The auxiliary verb 出す (dasu) is extremely common in Japanese and is often attached to other verbs to indicate completion, outward direction, or initiation of an action. In 吐き出す, it intensifies the meaning of expulsion. For instance, 投げ出す (nagedasu) means to throw out, and 飛び出す (tobidasu) means to jump out.
Aussprachehilfe
- Pronouncing the final 'u' as a full English 'oo' sound.
- Adding too much stress to any particular syllable.
- Confusing the 'su' sound with 'shi'.
Schwierigkeitsgrad
At B1 level, learners can understand the basic literal meanings of spitting out and exhaling. The figurative meanings related to emotions and complaints become more prominent at B1 and above, requiring more contextual understanding. Advanced texts might use more nuanced or metaphorical applications.
Using 吐き出す correctly in writing requires understanding the nuances between literal and figurative meanings, and choosing the appropriate context. For B1 learners, sticking to clear, literal uses or common figurative phrases is advisable. Advanced learners can employ it more creatively.
Pronunciation is relatively straightforward. The challenge lies in knowing when to use it appropriately, especially the figurative sense. Overuse or misuse in informal situations could sound strange, while underuse might miss opportunities to express oneself naturally.
With its multiple meanings, 吐き出す can be tricky to decipher in spoken Japanese. Listening carefully to the surrounding context is crucial to distinguish between literal spitting, exhaling, or figurative emotional release.
Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest
Voraussetzungen
Als Nächstes lernen
Fortgeschritten
Wichtige Grammatik
The auxiliary verb 出す (dasu) attached to the stem of another verb often indicates outward action or completion.
投げ出す (nagedasu) - to throw out; 飛び出す (tobidasu) - to jump out.
The particle を (o) is commonly used to mark the direct object of transitive verbs like 吐き出す.
薬を吐き出す。(Spit out the medicine.)
The te-form of verbs (e.g., 吐き出して) is used to connect clauses, indicate sequence, or form requests.
息を吸い込んで、吐き出して。(Inhale, and exhale.)
The 〜ように (yō ni) construction can be used to indicate similarity or manner, as in 'as if' something is happening.
彼は、不満を吐き出すように話した。(He spoke as if to vent his dissatisfaction.)
The negative form 〜ない (nai) is used to indicate the absence of an action.
彼は何も吐き出さなかった。(He didn't spit anything out.)
Beispiele nach Niveau
これはまずい！ 吐き出す！
This is bad! Spit it out!
息を吸って、吐き出す。
Inhale, and exhale.
口から何かを吐き出した。
Something was spat out from the mouth.
煙を吐き出す。
To exhale smoke.
薬を吐き出した。
Spit out the medicine.
ああ、息を吐き出す。
Ah, exhaling.
ゴミを吐き出す。
Spit out the trash.
顔をしかめて吐き出した。
Made a face and spat it out.
彼は、苦い水を飲んで、すぐに吐き出した。
He drank the bitter water and immediately spat it out.
深呼吸をして、ゆっくりと息を吐き出す。
Take a deep breath and exhale slowly.
タバコの煙を口から吐き出した。
He exhaled cigarette smoke from his mouth.
子供がおもちゃを口から吐き出した。
The child spat out the toy from their mouth.
彼は、溜まっていたストレスを吐き出すように叫んだ。
He shouted as if to release his pent-up stress.
先生は、生徒に咳をするときに口を覆うように言ったが、彼は咳き込んでしまい、何かを吐き出した。
The teacher told the student to cover their mouth when coughing, but he coughed and spat something out.
彼女は、まずい料理を一口食べて、すぐに吐き出した。
She took a bite of the bad-tasting food and immediately spat it out.
運動の後、彼は激しく息を吐き出した。
After exercising, he exhaled heavily.
彼は、長年の不満をすべて吐き出すように、友人に延々と話し続けた。
He talked endlessly to his friend, as if to pour out all his long-held grievances.
The phrase 「～ように」 (yō ni) is used to express 'as if' or 'like'.
医者は、患者に痰を吐き出すように指示した。
The doctor instructed the patient to spit out the phlegm.
痰 (tan) means phlegm.
タバコを吸いながら、煙をゆっくりと吐き出す。
While smoking a cigarette, slowly exhale the smoke.
彼女は、溜まっていた感情を日記に書き出すことで、少しだけ吐き出すことができた。
She was able to release some of her pent-up emotions by writing them down in her diary.
This is a figurative use, equating writing with expressing/releasing.
息を吸い込み、肺いっぱいに空気を満たしてから、力強く吐き出した。
Inhale, fill your lungs with air, and then exhale powerfully.
口の中に残った異物を、ためらわずに吐き出した。
He spit out the foreign object remaining in his mouth without hesitation.
異物 (ibutsu) means foreign object.
彼は、不満を口にするのではなく、行動で示そうとして、それを心の中に吐き出すのをやめた。
Instead of voicing his dissatisfaction, he decided to show it through action, and stopped suppressing it within himself.
This sentence uses negation 「やめた」 (yameta - stopped) to show the opposite of expelling.
その劇では、役者が激しい感情を叫び声で吐き出すシーンがあった。
In that play, there was a scene where the actor released intense emotions through shouts.
長年の研究で得られた知識を、惜しみなく後進に吐き出すように伝授した。
He imparted the knowledge gained from years of research as if pouring it out generously to the next generation.
This is a figurative use, implying a generous and complete sharing of knowledge.
彼は、体調が悪かったため、食べたものをすべて吐き出すことになった。
Because he was feeling unwell, he ended up vomiting everything he had eaten.
This implies involuntary expulsion (vomiting).
瞑想中に、心の中に渦巻く雑念を静かに吐き出す練習をした。
During meditation, I practiced gently releasing the distracting thoughts swirling in my mind.
雑念 (zatsunen) means distracting thoughts.
彼は、皮肉を込めて、建前ばかりの世間に本音を吐き出すような発言をした。
He made a statement, laced with sarcasm, as if to reveal his true feelings to a society that only pretends.
建前 (tatemae) means public face/pretense, 本音 (honne) means true feelings.
その作家は、社会の矛盾や不条理を、時に過激な表現で読者に吐き出す。
That author vents the contradictions and absurdities of society to readers, sometimes with extreme expressions.
This refers to the author's writing style as an act of 'venting' or 'expelling' ideas.
彼は、長年抱えていた秘密を、信頼できる友人の前でついに吐き出すことができた。
He was finally able to reveal the secret he had been holding for many years in front of a trusted friend.
秘密を吐き出す (himitsu o hakidasu) means to reveal a secret.
子供たちが、公園で遊んだ後、口いっぱいの砂を吐き出すのを見て、思わず笑ってしまった。
Seeing the children spit out mouthfuls of sand after playing in the park, I couldn't help but laugh.
彼は、観客の反応を敏感に感じ取り、それに合わせてパフォーマンスの内容を調整し、感情を吐き出すように歌った。
He keenly sensed the audience's reaction, adjusted the content of his performance accordingly, and sang as if releasing his emotions.
その詩は、抑圧された感情が爆発するかのように、力強く言葉を吐き出す。
That poem forcefully expels words, as if suppressed emotions are exploding.
This uses a simile 「～かのように」 (ka no yō ni) to describe the poem's style.
彼は、長年かけて構築してきた理論を、学会で詳細に、かつ情熱的に聴衆に吐き出した。
He expounded his theory, built over many years, in detail and passionately to the audience at the academic conference.
This implies a thorough and dynamic presentation of complex information.
その芸術家の作品は、社会の暗部を直視し、それをキャンバスに叩きつけるように吐き出す。
The artist's work confronts the dark aspects of society and expels them onto the canvas as if striking them down.
「叩きつける」 (tattsukeru) means to strike or slam.
彼は、自己啓発書に書かれているような理想論を、現実から乖離していると批判し、それを言葉で吐き出すように反論した。
He criticized the idealistic theories found in self-help books as being detached from reality, and retorted as if expelling these criticisms through words.
乖離 (kairi) means divergence or separation.
そのバンドは、社会への怒りや不満を、激しい音楽とともにステージ上で感情的に吐き出すパフォーマンスで知られている。
That band is known for its performances where they emotionally release their anger and dissatisfaction towards society through intense music on stage.
彼女は、長年封印してきた過去のトラウマを、セラピーを通じて少しずつ、しかし確実に吐き出す作業を始めた。
She began the process of gradually but surely releasing the past trauma she had suppressed for many years through therapy.
封印する (fūin suru) means to seal or suppress.
彼は、複雑な数式を解き明かし、その結果をホワイトボードに次々と吐き出すように書き出した。
He deciphered the complex mathematical formulas and wrote down the results on the whiteboard one after another, as if expelling them.
その政治家は、建前を捨て、国民の疑問や懸念に正面から向き合い、率直な言葉でそれらを吐き出すことを約束した。
The politician promised to abandon pretense, face the public's questions and concerns directly, and express them with frank words.
建前 (tatemae) means public face/pretense, 率直 (sotchoku) means frank/straightforward.
彼は、自己の存在意義を問う哲学的な思索を、時に難解な言葉で、しかし情熱的に聴衆に吐き出す。
He expounds his philosophical reflections, questioning the meaning of his own existence, sometimes with abstruse language, but passionately to the audience.
This implies a profound and potentially complex outpouring of thought.
その作家は、人間の内面に潜む葛藤や闇を、鮮烈なイメージと比喩を用いて、読者の意識に直接吐き出すかのような筆致で描き出す。
The author depicts the internal conflicts and darkness lurking within human beings using vivid imagery and metaphors, with a writing style that seems to directly expel them into the reader's consciousness.
筆致 (hitchi) refers to the style of writing or brushwork.
彼は、社会の欺瞞と偽善に対して、鋭い洞察力をもってそれを暴き、言葉の刃で切り裂くかのように吐き出した。
With sharp insight, he exposed the deception and hypocrisy of society, expelling it as if cutting it apart with blades of words.
This uses a strong metaphor of words as weapons.
その指揮者は、オーケストラに内包される音楽的な可能性を最大限に引き出し、それを聴衆の心に直接訴えかけるように吐き出した。
The conductor drew out the maximum musical potential inherent in the orchestra and unleashed it to the audience's hearts as if directly appealing to them.
This implies a powerful and direct transmission of musical emotion.
彼は、長年心に秘めていた罪悪感や後悔の念を、告白という形でついに吐き出すことができた。それは、彼にとって再生への第一歩であった。
He was finally able to release the guilt and regret he had harbored in his heart for many years in the form of a confession. For him, this was the first step towards regeneration.
This emphasizes the cathartic and transformative nature of releasing deep-seated emotions.
その批評家は、芸術作品の欠陥や限界を、容赦なく、そして的確な言葉で指摘し、それを公衆の面前で吐き出すことを辞さなかった。
The critic did not hesitate to point out the flaws and limitations of artistic works mercilessly and with precise language, expelling them in front of the public.
辞さなかった (sasa nakatta) means did not hesitate.
彼は、人間の愚かさや矛盾した行動様式を、風刺という手法を用いて、文学作品の中に容赦なく吐き出した。
He mercilessly expunged human folly and contradictory behavioral patterns into his literary works using satire.
This highlights the use of satire as a tool for 'expelling' critique.
その科学者は、長年の実験から得られた膨大なデータを、分析し、考察し、そして新たな発見を、あたかも自然現象のように、驚きをもって世に吐き出した。
The scientist analyzed and considered the vast data obtained from years of experiments, and presented the new discoveries to the world with surprise, as if they were natural phenomena.
This implies a grand and impactful revelation of scientific findings.
Häufige Kollokationen
Häufige Phrasen
— To exhale; to breathe out.
深呼吸をして、息をゆっくりと吐き出してください。(Please take a deep breath and exhale slowly.)
— To exhale smoke.
彼はタバコの煙をゆっくりと吐き出した。(He slowly exhaled the cigarette smoke.)
— To vent one's frustrations or complaints.
彼女は、溜まっていた不満を友人に吐き出した。(She vented her pent-up frustrations to her friend.)
— To say malicious or venomous things (related to 吐く, but often used figuratively like 吐き出す).
彼はいつも他人に対して毒を吐く。(He always says venomous things about others.)
— To reveal one's true feelings or opinions.
彼はついに、長年隠していた本音を吐き出した。(He finally revealed his true feelings that he had hidden for many years.)
— To speak or utter words, often implying a lack of thought or a forceful expression.
彼は考えを整理せずに、思いつくまま言葉を吐き出した。(He spewed out words as they came to him without organizing his thoughts.)
— To spit out trash or something unwanted.
子供が口にしたゴミを吐き出した。(The child spat out the trash they had put in their mouth.)
— To exhale air.
運動後、彼は大きく空気を吐き出した。(After exercising, he exhaled a large amount of air.)
— To let out a scream or cry.
突然の出来事に、彼は驚きの叫び声を吐き出した。(He let out a cry of surprise at the sudden event.)
— To release or express emotions.
彼女は、泣くことで感情を吐き出した。(She released her emotions by crying.)
Wird oft verwechselt mit
Both verbs can mean 'to spit out', but 吐く is more commonly associated with vomiting, while 吐き出す can also mean 'to exhale' and often implies a more forceful expulsion. Context is key.
This is the direct opposite of exhaling (吐き出す). While 吐き出す is about releasing air, 吸い込む is about taking air in.
If one does not spit something out (吐き出す), they might swallow it (飲み込む). This is a common contrast in situations involving ingesting something.
Redewendungen & Ausdrücke
— This idiom, closely related to 吐く but often used in contexts where 吐き出す might also apply figuratively, means to speak venomously, to be spiteful, or to utter harsh, critical, or malicious words.
彼女は、気に入らないことがあるとすぐに毒を吐く癖がある。(She has a habit of immediately speaking venomously whenever something displeases her.)
Informal— While this uses 吐く, the concept of releasing a sigh is similar to exhaling. It means to sigh, usually out of weariness, sadness, or frustration. It's the act of releasing pent-up emotion through a sigh.
彼は、難しい問題に直面して、深い溜め息を吐いた。(He let out a deep sigh when faced with a difficult problem.)
Neutral— To speak without thinking, to say whatever comes to mind, often implying carelessness or a lack of filter. This is similar to the figurative 'spitting out' words without proper consideration.
彼は、深く考えずに口から出任せに言ってしまうことがある。(He sometimes says things without thinking, whatever comes to mind.)
Informal— Literally 'the worms in one's stomach won't settle', this idiom means to be unable to suppress one's anger or indignation. The feeling is so strong it's like something is churning inside, needing to be 'expelled' or released.
不正を見て、腹の虫が収まらなかった。(Seeing the injustice, I couldn't suppress my anger.)
Neutral— To speak frankly and honestly, to open up one's heart. This is the opposite of holding things in and is about revealing one's true feelings, akin to 'spitting out' one's honest thoughts.
彼とは腹を割って話せるので、いつも助かっている。(I can speak frankly with him, so I always find it helpful.)
Neutral— Literally 'to spit out a cat', this is a less common and somewhat archaic or regional idiom that can mean to speak evasively or to conceal something, or sometimes to be extremely ill.
彼はなかなか本当のことを言わず、猫を吐くようだった。(He wouldn't tell the truth easily and seemed to be evasive.)
Archaic/Regional— To say what one wants to say. This is a straightforward expression for voicing one's thoughts, which can be related to the figurative meaning of 吐き出す.
我慢せずに、言いたいことを言った方がいい。(It's better to say what you want to say without holding back.)
Neutral— To let one's emotions explode. This is a more intense version of expressing or releasing emotions, which can be achieved through actions like shouting or crying, similar to a forceful 'expulsion' of feelings.
彼は、長年のストレスで感情を爆発させてしまった。(He let his emotions explode due to years of stress.)
Neutral— To speak ill of someone behind their back. This is a form of 'spitting out' negative thoughts, but specifically in a secretive and malicious way.
彼女は、人の陰口を叩くのが好きだ。(She likes to speak ill of people behind their backs.)
Informal— To hide one's true feelings. This is the direct opposite of revealing one's true feelings, which is related to the figurative meaning of 吐き出す.
彼は、自分の弱さを悟られないように、本音を隠していた。(He hid his true feelings so as not to reveal his weakness.)
NeutralLeicht verwechselbar
Shares the meaning of 'to spit out' and 'to exhale'.
吐く is more strongly associated with vomiting. 吐き出す can also mean 'to exhale' and often implies a more forceful or complete expulsion. For example, one might say 吐く for vomiting, but 吐き出す for exhaling smoke or venting emotions.
彼は気持ちが悪くて吐いた。(He felt sick and vomited.) vs. 彼はタバコの煙を吐き出した。(He exhaled cigarette smoke.)
Both can refer to releasing something.
放出する is a broader term for releasing or emitting, often used for energy, gases, or substances from machines. 吐き出す is more specific to expelling from the mouth or lungs, or figuratively for expressing emotions. You wouldn't typically say a person 'hōshutsu' their anger.
工場は汚染物質を放出している。(The factory is releasing pollutants.) vs. 彼は怒りを吐き出した。(He vented his anger.)
Related to breathing actions.
This is the direct opposite. 吸い込む means 'to inhale' or 'to suck in', while 吐き出す means 'to exhale' or 'to spit out'. They are complementary actions in breathing.
息を吸い込んで、吐き出す。(Inhale, and exhale.)
Related to the figurative meaning of holding emotions in.
溜める means 'to accumulate' or 'to store up'. It is the opposite of 吐き出す (to release or vent). If you don't 吐き出す your feelings, you might 溜める them.
彼はストレスを溜めている。(He is accumulating stress.) vs. 彼はストレスを吐き出した。(He vented his stress.)
Related to actions involving the mouth and ingestion.
飲み込む means 'to swallow'. If you don't 吐き出す (spit out) something, you might 飲み込む it. They represent two different outcomes for something placed in the mouth.
まずい薬だったので、吐き出そうとしたが、飲み込んでしまった。(It was bitter medicine, so I tried to spit it out, but ended up swallowing it.)
Satzmuster
Object + を + 吐き出す。
苦い薬を吐き出す。
Body Part + から + Object + を + 吐き出す。
口からゴミを吐き出す。
Action + ように + 吐き出す。
深呼吸をして、息を吐き出すように。
Noun (feeling) + を + 吐き出す。
不満を吐き出す。
Verb (te-form) + 吐き出して、 + Adjective/Verb。
溜まっていたことを吐き出して、すっきりした。
Context + ことで + 吐き出す + ことができる。
日記に書くことで、感情を吐き出すことができる。
Noun + を + 吐き出す + かのように + Verb。
彼は、過去のトラウマを吐き出すかのように話した。
Context + 吐き出す + ことを + 辞さない。
彼は、社会の矛盾を吐き出すことを辞さなかった。
Wortfamilie
Substantive
Verben
Verwandt
So verwendest du es
Common, especially in its literal and common figurative uses.
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Using 吐き出す for general 'speaking'.
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Using verbs like 話す (hanasu - to speak) or 言う (iu - to say) for neutral communication.
吐き出す implies a forceful expulsion or release, often of something unpleasant or pent-up. It's not a general synonym for 'to speak'. For example, you wouldn't say 'I need to 吐き出す my thoughts' if you just want to share an idea neutrally.
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Confusing 吐き出す with 吐く (haku) for vomiting.
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Using 吐く for vomiting, and 吐き出す for exhaling or spitting out non-vomited substances.
While both can mean 'to spit out', 吐く is strongly associated with vomiting. If someone vomited, 吐いた (haita) is the more common verb. 吐き出す is better for exhaling air, smoke, or spitting out something accidentally ingested.
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Using the figurative meaning in overly formal situations.
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Using more neutral or formal expressions for emotional release in formal settings.
Saying 'I need to 吐き出す my stress' might be too informal for a business meeting. In formal contexts, consider phrases like ストレスを解消する (stress o kaishō suru - to relieve stress) or 気持ちを整理する (kimochi o seiri suru - to sort out one's feelings).
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Using 吐き出す for releasing gases (like flatulence).
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Using specific verbs like おならをする (onara o suru) or 便を漏らす (ben o morasu).
吐き出す is specifically for expelling from the mouth or lungs. It is not used for other bodily gas expulsions.
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Overusing 吐き出す for simple exhaling.
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Using 息を吐く (iki o haku) or just 吐く (haku) for basic exhaling when context isn't emphasizing forceful release.
While 息を吐き出す is correct for exhaling, sometimes 息を吐く is also used and might sound more natural in very simple contexts. 吐き出す often implies a more deliberate or significant exhalation.
Tipps
Context is King
Always consider the surrounding words and the overall situation to determine whether 吐き出す means to physically spit out, exhale, or figuratively release emotions. Don't assume it always means the same thing.
Connect to 'Dash'
Remember the 'dasu' part of 吐き出す. Imagine 'dashing' or 'pushing' something out forcefully from your mouth or lungs. This can help recall the meaning of expulsion.
Softer 'U'
When pronouncing the final 'su', try to make the 'u' sound soft and often devoiced, rather than a full English 'oo'. This is common in Japanese pronunciation.
Particle Usage
The particle を (o) is frequently used to mark what is being spit out or exhaled. For figurative uses, the object might be emotions (感情を) or complaints (不満を).
vs. 吐く (haku)
While similar, remember 吐く is more often for vomiting, while 吐き出す can also mean exhaling or a more forceful expulsion/venting. Pay attention to the specific context to choose the right verb.
Emotional Release
The figurative use for venting emotions is very common in informal speech. Think of it as 'getting it out' or 'pouring it out' when you need to express strong feelings.
Create Your Own Sentences
Try writing sentences using 吐き出す in different contexts: literal spitting, exhaling, and figurative venting. Saying them aloud will reinforce your understanding.
Listen for Context
When you hear 吐き出す in spoken Japanese, actively listen to the surrounding words and the situation to determine its exact meaning. This will improve your comprehension.
Learn Related Words
Learning words like 息 (iki - breath), 煙 (kemuri - smoke), 痰 (tan - phlegm), and 不満 (fuman - dissatisfaction) will help you understand the contexts where 吐き出す is used.
Cultural Nuance
Understand that while direct emotional expression can be less common in some Japanese social settings, the concept of needing to release pent-up feelings (like venting) is recognized, and 吐き出す captures this well.
Einprägen
Eselsbrücke
Imagine someone eating something incredibly spicy, making them want to 'spit it out' forcefully. They might even 'kick' (like 'dasu' sounds like 'kick') the spicy food out of their mouth. So, 'Hakidasu' - 'Kick it out!' when something bad is in your mouth.
Visuelle Assoziation
Picture a person with a very surprised or disgusted face, forcefully expelling water or food from their mouth, with a visible 'force' or 'dash' effect emanating from their lips. Alternatively, imagine someone taking a huge breath and then 'pushing' the air out with great effort, like pushing something away.
Word Web
Herausforderung
Try to use 吐き出す in three different sentences today: one literal (spitting something out), one related to breathing, and one figurative (expressing emotions or complaints). Write them down and say them out loud.
Wortherkunft
The verb 吐き出す (hakidasu) is a compound verb formed from 吐く (haku), meaning 'to vomit' or 'to spit out', and the auxiliary verb 出す (dasu), meaning 'to put out' or 'to cause to come out'. The combination creates a sense of forcefully expelling something.
Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: To cause something to come out of the mouth; to expel from the mouth.
JaponicKultureller Kontext
The literal act of spitting can be considered impolite in many cultures, including Japan, especially in public spaces. However, the verb 吐き出す itself is neutral and descriptive; context dictates politeness. The figurative use for emotional release is generally understood and accepted as a necessary human experience.
While English has 'spit out' and 'exhale', the figurative use of 吐き出す to express emotions is particularly strong in Japanese and can be compared to English phrases like 'venting' or 'getting something off one's chest'.
Im Alltag üben
Kontexte aus dem Alltag
Health and Medicine
- 痰を吐き出す
- 薬を吐き出す
- 気分が悪くて吐き出す
- 咳をして痰を吐き出す
Breathing and Physical Activity
- 息を吐き出す
- 空気を吐き出す
- 運動後に息を吐き出す
- 深呼吸をして吐き出す
Expressing Emotions and Complaints
- 不満を吐き出す
- ストレスを吐き出す
- 本音を吐き出す
- 感情を吐き出す
Everyday Actions
- 口の中のものを吐き出す
- ゴミを吐き出す
- 変な味のものを吐き出す
- 煙を吐き出す
Figurative Language and Literature
- 言葉を吐き出す
- 毒を吐く
- 叫び声を吐き出す
- 過去を吐き出す
Gesprächseinstiege
"Have you ever had to spit something out because it tasted really bad?"
"When you exercise, do you focus on how you exhale?"
"Is it better to vent your frustrations or keep them to yourself?"
"What's something you find yourself needing to 'spit out' or express regularly?"
"Can you think of a time you had to release strong emotions?"
Tagebuch-Impulse
Describe a time you had to spit something out, either literally or figuratively. What was it and how did you feel?
Write about your experience with breathing exercises. How does exhaling feel?
Reflect on a situation where you felt the need to vent. What did you say or do?
If you could 'spit out' one negative thought or feeling right now, what would it be?
How do you typically handle stress or difficult emotions? Do you tend to express them or hold them in?
Häufig gestellte Fragen
10 FragenBoth can mean 'to spit out'. However, 吐く (haku) is more commonly used for vomiting. 吐き出す (hakidasu) can also mean 'to exhale' and often implies a more forceful or complete expulsion, or a figurative release of emotions. For example, one might say 吐く for vomiting, but 吐き出す for exhaling smoke or venting grievances.
Yes, 吐き出す is frequently used figuratively to mean expressing or releasing pent-up emotions, complaints, or grievances. For instance, you might say 彼は不満を吐き出した (He vented his dissatisfaction) or 彼女は本音を吐き出した (She revealed her true feelings).
Yes, 吐き出す is commonly used to mean 'to exhale' or 'to breathe out'. You will often hear phrases like 息を吐き出す (iki o hakidasu - to exhale) or 深呼吸をして吐き出す (shinkokyū o shite hakidasu - to take a deep breath and exhale).
The literal act of spitting can be considered impolite in many social contexts, including Japan. However, the verb 吐き出す itself is descriptive. The politeness depends on the situation and what is being spit out. The figurative use for emotional release is generally accepted, though the specific phrasing might vary in formality.
The opposite depends on the meaning. For 'to exhale', the opposite is 吸い込む (suikomu - to inhale). For 'to spit out', the opposite is 飲み込む (nomikomu - to swallow). For the figurative meaning of releasing emotions, the opposite is 溜める (tameru - to accumulate) or 抱え込む (kakaekomu - to hold in).
Context is key. If the sentence discusses food, medicine, or physical actions in the mouth, it's likely literal. If it talks about emotions, stress, complaints, or secrets, it's likely figurative. Phrases like '息を' (air) or '煙を' (smoke) usually indicate exhaling.
Yes, while 吐き出す is common for venting emotions, you might also hear 愚痴を言う (guchi o iu - to complain), 言いたいことを言う (iitai koto o iu - to say what one wants to say), or 感情をぶつける (kanjō o butsukeru - to lash out emotionally). 吐き出す often implies a release of something pent-up.
Generally, no. For releasing bodily gases, more specific verbs like おならをする (onara o suru - to fart) or 便を漏らす (ben o morasu - to defecate involuntarily) are used. 吐き出す is specifically for the mouth or lungs.
The literal meanings are straightforward. The figurative use requires understanding nuances of emotion and context, which can be challenging for learners. However, it's a common and useful word to learn for expressing oneself naturally in Japanese.
Very common collocations include 息を吐き出す (to exhale), 煙を吐き出す (to exhale smoke), 痰を吐き出す (to spit out phlegm), and 不満を吐き出す (to vent dissatisfaction).
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Summary
吐き出す (hakidasu) is a versatile verb meaning 'to spit out' or 'to exhale'. It applies to literal actions like spitting out food or breathing out air, and also to the figurative act of expressing or releasing pent-up emotions or complaints. Context is key to understanding which meaning is intended.
- To spit out or exhale.
- Can be literal (food, air) or figurative (emotions, complaints).
- Common in everyday speech and descriptions of physical actions.
- Important for B1 level learners and beyond.
Context is King
Always consider the surrounding words and the overall situation to determine whether 吐き出す means to physically spit out, exhale, or figuratively release emotions. Don't assume it always means the same thing.
Connect to 'Dash'
Remember the 'dasu' part of 吐き出す. Imagine 'dashing' or 'pushing' something out forcefully from your mouth or lungs. This can help recall the meaning of expulsion.
Softer 'U'
When pronouncing the final 'su', try to make the 'u' sound soft and often devoiced, rather than a full English 'oo'. This is common in Japanese pronunciation.
Particle Usage
The particle を (o) is frequently used to mark what is being spit out or exhaled. For figurative uses, the object might be emotions (感情を) or complaints (不満を).
Verwandte Inhalte
Mehr health Wörter
しばらく
B1Eine Weile, einige Zeit.
異変がある
B1Es gibt eine ungewöhnliche Veränderung oder Anomalie. Etwas stimmt nicht. (Es liegt eine Abnormität vor.)
異常な
B1Abnormal; ungewöhnlich. Beschreibt etwas, das auf besorgniserregende Weise von der Norm abweicht.
擦り傷
B1Eine Schürfwunde oder ein Kratzer auf der Haut. Sie entsteht meist durch Reibung an einer harten Oberfläche.
吸収する
B1Der Schwamm absorbiert das verschüttete Wasser.
禁酒
B1Alkoholverzicht. 'Er hält sich strikt an seine kinshu-Regel.'
痛む
A2to hurt; to ache
鍼灸
B1Akupunktur und Moxibustion sind wichtige Bestandteile der traditionellen japanischen Medizin.
急性的
B1Bedeutet 'akut'. Wird verwendet, um eine Krankheit oder einen Zustand zu beschreiben, der plötzlich und heftig auftritt.
急性な
B1Acute
