A2 verb Neutral #1,500 am häufigsten 2 Min. Lesezeit

伸ばす

nobasu /no̞ba̠sɨᵝ/
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Overview

The Japanese verb '伸ばす' (nobasu) is a transitive verb meaning 'to stretch,' 'to extend,' 'to lengthen,' or 'to grow (something).' It is a versatile verb with a wide range of applications, often implying a deliberate action to make something longer, wider, or to allow it to develop.

One common usage is in the context of physical objects. For example, '腕を伸ばす' (ude o nobasu) means 'to stretch one's arm,' and '髪を伸ばす' (kami o nobasu) means 'to grow out one's hair.' Here, '伸ばす' indicates the action of increasing the length or extent of something.

Beyond the literal physical sense, '伸ばす' can also be used abstractly. For instance, '記録を伸ばす' (kiroku o nobasu) means 'to extend a record' or 'to improve a record.' In this case, it implies an increase in quantity or quality. Similarly, '才能を伸ばす' (sainō o nobasu) means 'to develop one's talent' or 'to cultivate one's ability,' highlighting the growth and improvement of an innate skill.

Another interesting application is related to time or duration. '滞在期間を伸ばす' (taizai kikan o nobasu) means 'to extend one's stay.' This usage emphasizes prolonging a period of time. It can also be used in phrases like '期限を伸ばす' (kigen o nobasu), which means 'to extend a deadline,' giving more time for a task.

'伸ばす' is also seen in expressions related to reaching out or spreading. '手を伸ばす' (te o nobasu) means 'to reach out one's hand,' suggesting an action of extending to grasp something. It can also imply an expansion of influence or scope, although other verbs might be more common in those specific contexts.

In summary, '伸ばす' is a fundamental verb in Japanese that conveys the idea of making something longer, larger, or more developed. Its usage spans physical actions, abstract improvements, and temporal extensions, making it a crucial verb to understand for comprehensive Japanese communication.

Beispiele

1

背伸びをする

Physical action

To stretch one's back

2

髪を伸ばす

Growth/Extension of something existing

To grow out one's hair

3

計画を伸ばす

Time/Schedule

To extend a plan

4

才能を伸ばす

Development/Improvement

To develop one's talent

5

手を伸ばす

Physical action, reaching

To reach out one's hand

Häufige Kollokationen

腕を伸ばす
背筋を伸ばす
髭を伸ばす
記録を伸ばす

Wird oft verwechselt mit

伸ばす vs 延ばす

Both are pronounced 'nobasu' and mean 'to stretch' or 'to extend'. However, 伸ばす (to grow, to lengthen) is used for things that inherently grow or can be physically stretched, like hair, a plant, or a rubber band. 延ばす (to postpone, to prolong) is used for extending things in time or duration, like a deadline, a meeting, or a trip.

伸ばす vs 生やす

生やす (hayasu) specifically means 'to grow' or 'to cultivate (hair, beard, plants)'. While it shares the 'grow' aspect with 伸ばす, 伸ばす has a broader meaning of extending or lengthening.

伸ばす vs 広げる

広げる (hirogeru) means 'to spread', 'to open', or 'to widen'. While it can involve extending something, it emphasizes making something wider or broader, rather than just longer or stretching it.

Grammatikmuster

髪を伸ばす (kami o nobasu): to grow one's hair out 背筋を伸ばす (sesuji o nobasu): to straighten one's back 腕を伸ばす (ude o nobasu): to stretch one's arm 記録を伸ばす (kiroku o nobasu): to extend a record 計画を伸ばす (keikaku o nobasu): to extend a plan (e.g., in scope or duration)

So verwendest du es

'伸ばす' (nobasu) is a transitive verb with multiple nuanced meanings depending on the context. The most common uses relate to physical extension or growth. For example, '腕を伸ばす' (ude wo nobasu) means 'to stretch one's arm,' and '髪を伸ばす' (kami wo nobasu) means 'to grow one's hair.' It can also refer to extending a period of time, such as '期間を伸ばす' (kikan wo nobasu - to extend a period/deadline). Beyond the literal, 'nobasu' is frequently used to express improvement or development. For instance, '能力を伸ばす' (nōryoku wo nobasu) means 'to develop one's abilities' or 'to enhance one's skills.' In a more abstract sense, it can mean to postpone or delay, as in '会議を伸ばす' (kaigi wo nobasu - to postpone a meeting), though '延期する' (enki suru) is more common for formal postponements. When referring to nurturing or fostering, '子供の個性を伸ばす' (kodomo no kosei wo nobasu) translates to 'to foster a child's individuality.' The particle used with 'nobasu' is typically 'を' (o) when the object being stretched or extended is direct. Pay attention to the context to determine the precise meaning, as 'nobasu' is a versatile verb.

Häufige Fehler

One common mistake is confusing 伸ばす (nobasu - transitive: to stretch something) with 伸びる (nobiru - intransitive: to stretch, to grow). For example, you would say 腕を伸ばす (ude o nobasu - to stretch one's arm) but 木が伸びる (ki ga nobiru - the tree grows/extends). Another common mistake is misusing it in contexts where a different verb might be more appropriate. For instance, while 'to extend' can sometimes be 伸ばす, for things like extending a deadline, 延長する (enchou suru) is more common. Also, when talking about hair, 髪を伸ばす (kami o nobasu) means to let one's hair grow long, not necessarily 'to stretch' it. Pay attention to the object and the nuance of 'stretching' or 'extending' in each context.

Tipps

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Related Words

The intransitive counterpart of 伸ばす (nobasu) is 伸びる (nobiru), meaning 'to stretch, to extend, to grow' (intransitive).

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Common Mistakes

Be careful not to confuse 伸ばす (nobasu) with 延ばす (nobasu), which also means 'to postpone, to delay' but is often used in the context of time rather than physical stretching. While they share the same reading and some meanings, the kanji differ, indicating a subtle distinction in nuance.

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Usage in Context

This word is versatile and can be used in various contexts, from literal stretching of objects or body parts to more abstract concepts like extending deadlines or developing skills. Pay attention to the surrounding context to understand the specific meaning.

Wortherkunft

From Old Japanese. The basic meaning is to make something long or widespread. It is cognate with 延びる (nobiru - to stretch, to extend [intransitive]).

Kultureller Kontext

The word '伸ばす' (nobasu) in Japanese carries a broad range of cultural implications beyond its direct translations of 'to stretch' or 'to extend'. In a cultural context, 'nobasu' can refer to the act of extending one's capabilities or potential, often in the pursuit of mastery (shugyō 修行) in traditional arts like martial arts (budō 武道), calligraphy (shodō 書道), or tea ceremony (sadō 茶道). It can also relate to the concept of nurturing growth, whether it's the growth of a child (kodomo wo nobasu 子供を伸ばす), a plant, or even a skill. The idea of 'stretching' oneself is deeply embedded in the Japanese work ethic and educational system, where continuous improvement (kaizen 改善) and striving for excellence are highly valued. Furthermore, in social interactions, 'nobasu' can subtly imply patience and perseverance, for example, in extending an invitation or a welcome, showcasing a host's dedication. It also appears in the context of growth in personal relationships, implying deepening bonds over time.

Merkhilfe

Visualize 'no' (ノ) as a person stretching their arms out, and 'basu' (バス) as a bus extending its route. So, 'nobasu' means to stretch or extend.

Häufig gestellte Fragen

4 Fragen

The Japanese word 伸ばす (nobasu) primarily means 'to stretch,' 'to extend,' 'to lengthen,' or 'to grow (something).' It can refer to physical actions like stretching one's body or extending an arm, as well as more abstract concepts like postponing something, developing skills, or allowing hair to grow long.

Certainly! In a physical sense, 伸ばす can be used for: - 手を伸ばす (te o nobasu): to stretch out one's hand/arm - 足を伸ばす (ashi o nobasu): to stretch one's leg - 背筋を伸ばす (sesuji o nobasu): to straighten one's back - 髪を伸ばす (kami o nobasu): to grow out one's hair - ゴムを伸ばす (gomu o nobasu): to stretch rubber.

For non-physical concepts, 伸ばす is quite versatile. Examples include: - 計画を伸ばす (keikaku o nobasu): to postpone a plan - 期限を伸ばす (kigen o nobasu): to extend a deadline - 才能を伸ばす (sainō o nobasu): to develop one's talent/skill - 記録を伸ばす (kiroku o nobasu): to extend a record (e.g., in sports) - 腕を伸ばす (ude o nobasu): to improve one's skill/ability (idiomatic).

The kanji for 伸ばす is 伸. When written in hiragana, it is のばす. The combination of kanji and hiragana is 伸ばす. It's important to note the transitive nature of this verb, meaning it generally takes a direct object.

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