A2 noun Neutral #6,000 am häufigsten 3 Min. Lesezeit

poluir

/poˈlwiɾ/
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Overview

The Portuguese word 'poluir' translates directly to 'to pollute' in English. It's a regular verb of the -ir conjugation, meaning its endings follow a predictable pattern. 'Poluir' is commonly used to describe the act of contaminating or making something dirty, typically referring to the environment, but it can also be used in a more figurative sense.

* Nós poluímos (We pollute)

  • Vós poluís (You pollute - informal plural, archaic/regional)

* Eles/Elas/Vocês poluem (They/You pollute - formal plural)

Example: 'As fábricas poluem o ar.' (The factories pollute the air.)

* Eles/Elas/Vocês poluíram (They/You polluted)

Example: 'Ele poluiu a água do rio.' (He polluted the river water.)

* Eles/Elas/Vocês poluirão (They/You will pollute)

Example: 'Se continuarmos assim, poluíremos o planeta ainda mais.' (If we continue like this, we will pollute the planet even more.)

Subjunctive Mood (Presente do Subjuntivo): This mood is used to express doubt, desire, emotion, or uncertainty.

* Que eles/elas/vocês poluam (That they/you pollute)

Example: 'É importante que não poluamos o meio ambiente.' (It's important that we don't pollute the environment.)

Imperative Mood (Imperativo): Used for commands.

* Poluam (You pollute - formal plural)

Example: 'Não polua as praias!' (Don't pollute the beaches!)

* **Poluição:** (Pollution - noun)

  • Poluente: (Pollutant - noun, or polluting - adjective)

* **Poluído:** (Polluted - adjective)

Understanding 'poluir' is crucial for discussing environmental issues and actions in Portuguese. Its regular conjugation makes it relatively straightforward to learn and apply in various contexts.

Beispiele

1

O descarte inadequado de lixo pode poluir rios e oceanos.

environmental pollution

Improper waste disposal can pollute rivers and oceans.

2

A fumaça das fábricas continua a poluir o ar das grandes cidades.

air pollution

Smoke from factories continues to pollute the air in big cities.

3

Evite poluir a mente com pensamentos negativos.

figurative language (mental state)

Avoid polluting your mind with negative thoughts.

4

As indústrias devem buscar maneiras de não poluir o meio ambiente.

environmental responsibility

Industries should seek ways not to pollute the environment.

5

Derramamentos de óleo podem poluir vastas áreas costeiras.

marine pollution

Oil spills can pollute vast coastal areas.

Häufige Kollokationen

poluir o meio ambiente
poluir a água
poluir o ar
poluir a mente

Wird oft verwechselt mit

poluir vs polir

'Polir' means 'to polish', while 'poluir' means 'to pollute'.

Grammatikmuster

poluir (algo/alguém) poluir-se

So verwendest du es

When using 'poluir,' it's generally followed by an object that specifies what is being polluted. For example, 'poluir o ar' (to pollute the air), 'poluir a água' (to pollute the water), or 'poluir o meio ambiente' (to pollute the environment). It can be used in a literal sense to describe physical contamination, such as 'As fábricas estão poluindo o rio' (The factories are polluting the river). However, 'poluir' can also be used metaphorically to describe a negative influence or corruption, like 'Essa notícia poluiu a imagem do político' (This news polluted the politician's image) or 'As más companhias podem poluir a mente dos jovens' (Bad company can pollute the minds of young people). The verb conjugates regularly, following the pattern of '-uir' verbs. In informal speech, you might hear it used in a more general sense to express something being spoiled or ruined, but its primary and most common usage remains linked to environmental contamination.

Häufige Fehler

A common mistake is confusing 'poluir' (to pollute) with similar-sounding words like 'pulir' (to polish). Another error is incorrect conjugation, especially with irregular verbs. For instance, in the present tense, 'eu poluo' is correct, not 'eu poli'. Ensure correct use of tenses, e.g., 'ele poluiu' (he polluted - past simple) versus 'ele tem poluído' (he has polluted - present perfect).

Wortherkunft

The Portuguese verb 'poluir' traces its origins back to the Latin word 'polluĕre'. This Latin root itself meant 'to defile, pollute, contaminate, stain'. The journey of 'polluĕre' into Portuguese involved a relatively direct adaptation, maintaining much of its original meaning and form. Looking further back, 'polluĕre' is believed to have been formed from the prefix 'por-', an archaic form of 'pro-' meaning 'forth' or 'before', and 'luere', which meant 'to wash, bathe'. However, in the context of 'polluĕre', the 'luere' component took on a more negative connotation, suggesting a 'washing away' or 'defiling' rather than a cleansing. Some etymologists propose a connection to Proto-Indo-European roots related to 'mud' or 'dirt', further emphasizing the idea of contamination. Throughout its history, 'poluir' in Portuguese, like its Latin ancestor, has consistently been used to describe the act of making something impure, dirty, or contaminated, particularly in a moral or environmental sense. The concept of 'pollution' as a widespread environmental concern gained significant prominence in the 20th century, leading to a more frequent and specific use of 'poluir' in that context. However, the word's inherent meaning of 'defilement' or 'contamination' has remained constant, adapting to new forms of impurity as human understanding and impact on the environment evolved.

Kultureller Kontext

The word 'poluir' in Portuguese, meaning 'to pollute,' carries significant cultural weight in a country like Brazil, known for its vast natural resources and biodiversity, but also facing environmental challenges. Discussions around 'poluir' often intersect with themes of conservation, sustainable development, and social responsibility. The Amazon rainforest, for instance, frequently brings the concept of pollution to the forefront, whether it's related to deforestation, illegal mining, or industrial waste impacting indigenous communities. Urban centers also grapple with air and water pollution, leading to public health concerns and calls for stricter environmental regulations. Cultural narratives, songs, and even political discourse often reflect on the impact of 'poluir' on the environment and its consequences for future generations. There's a growing awareness and activism surrounding environmental protection, making 'poluir' a term deeply embedded in contemporary Brazilian societal and environmental consciousness.

Merkhilfe

The word 'poluir' sounds like 'pollute' in English. Think of 'pollution' to remember 'poluir'.

Häufig gestellte Fragen

4 Fragen

The primary meaning of 'poluir' in Portuguese is 'to pollute'. It refers to the act of making something dirty, contaminated, or harmful, often in an environmental context.

Yes, while commonly associated with environmental pollution, 'poluir' can also be used metaphorically or in other contexts. For instance, one might say 'poluir a mente' (to pollute the mind) meaning to fill it with negative or harmful thoughts, or 'poluir a reputação' (to pollute the reputation) to suggest damaging someone's good name.

Common synonyms for 'poluir' include 'contaminar' (to contaminate), 'sujar' (to dirty), 'corromper' (to corrupt), and 'danificar' (to damage), especially when referring to the quality or purity of something. The choice of synonym often depends on the specific context and the type of 'pollution' being described.

'Poluir' is a regular verb ending in -uir. Here's a quick look at its conjugation in the present tense for common pronouns: 'eu poluo' (I pollute), 'tu poluís' (you pollute - informal singular), 'ele/ela/você polui' (he/she/you pollutes), 'nós poluímos' (we pollute), 'vós poluís' (you pollute - informal plural), 'eles/elas/vocês poluem' (they/you pollute). Its conjugation follows standard Portuguese verb patterns.

Teste dich selbst

fill blank

A fábrica ______ o rio com seus dejetos.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
fill blank

Não devemos ______ o meio ambiente jogando lixo nas ruas.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
fill blank

Se ______ menos, teríamos um ar mais puro.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:

Ergebnis: /3

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