“虽然...但是...” is a fundamental conjunction for expressing concession and contrast, enabling nuanced communication by acknowledging one fact while asserting a contrasting outcome.
Wort in 30 Sekunden
- Connects two contrasting clauses, showing concession.
- "Although...but..." structure, highlighting a turning point.
- Neutral register, suitable for all communication types.
- "但是" is often optional in informal spoken Chinese.
- Crucial for expressing complex thoughts and exceptions.
**概述 (Overview)**
“虽然...但是...”是汉语中最常用的一组转折连词，用于连接两个有对比或转折关系的分句。它表达的是一种“让步”关系，即承认或提出一个事实（虽然），但同时强调另一个与此事实形成对比或修正的结果（但是）。这种结构的核心在于表达一种“尽管如此，却又如何”的逻辑。情感上，它通常是中性的，但在特定语境下，可以表达无奈、强调、解释或辩解。例如，“虽然他很努力，但是结果不尽如人意”就带有一丝惋惜。它的使用频率极高，是日常交流和书面表达中不可或缺的组成部分，帮助我们更精确地描述复杂情境。
**使用模式 (Usage Patterns)**
- 正式/非正式: “虽然...但是...”在正式和非正式语境中都非常常见。在书面语中，它使得句子结构严谨，逻辑清晰；在口语中，它自然流畅，符合日常表达习惯。
- 书面/口语: 无论是在报纸文章、学术论文等书面材料中，还是在日常对话、演讲中，都能广泛听到和看到它的使用。
- 地域使用: 这一结构在中国大陆、台湾、香港以及其他华语社区都普遍使用，没有明显的地域差异。有时在口语中，“但是”可以省略，只说“虽然...”，后面通过语气或上下文来表达转折，但这不如完整结构常见且正式。例如，“虽然下雨了，（但是）我们还是要去。”
**常见语境 (Common Contexts)**
- 工作: 在工作汇报、项目讨论中，常用于指出问题或提出解决方案。“虽然项目进展顺利，但是仍有一些细节需要完善。”
- 旅行: 描述旅行体验时，常用于表达对比。“虽然旅途劳累，但是风景非常美丽，一切都值得。”
- 媒体: 新闻报道、评论文章中，用于分析复杂现象。“虽然经济数据表现强劲，但是潜在风险不容忽视。”
- 文学: 小说、散文中，用于刻画人物心理或描述故事情节的转折。“虽然他表面平静，但是内心早已波涛汹涌。”
- 社交媒体: 微博、微信朋友圈中，用于分享个人观点或感受。“虽然加班很累，但是看到成果还是很开心。”
**与相似词的比较 (Comparison with Similar Words)**
- 尽管...但是...: “尽管”比“虽然”语气更强，更强调让步的程度，表示“即使完全如此，结果仍然不同”。例如，“尽管困难重重，但是他们从未放弃。” “虽然”则更侧重于陈述一个事实，然后引出转折。在很多情况下可以互换，但“尽管”更显坚定和不屈。
- 固然...但是.../只是...: “固然”常用于承认某个优点或事实，但随后强调其不足或限制。“固然这个方案有其优点，但是实施起来难度很大。” 它的让步意味更强，且常带有一定的肯定，随后再提出反面。
- 虽然...可是...: “可是”与“但是”在转折功能上非常相似，“可是”在口语中可能更常见，语气上略显柔和或带有轻微的辩解意味，而“但是”则显得更正式、更直接。
- 虽然...却...: “却”的转折语气比“但是”更强，有时带有出乎意料或令人惊讶的意味。“虽然他年纪很小，却懂得很多道理。” “却”通常不带“但是”那种强调对比的语气，更多是表达“不符合预期”的转折。
**语域与语调 (Register & Tone)**
- 何时适用: “虽然...但是...”适用于几乎所有语境，从日常对话到学术论文，从轻松交流到严肃辩论。它能帮助说话者或作者清晰地表达让步和转折的逻辑关系，使表达更加准确和有深度。
- 何时避免: 几乎没有需要完全避免使用它的情况。但在某些极度简洁或强调排比的修辞中，可能会选择其他更精炼的表达方式。例如，在口语中，如果转折非常明显，有时会省略“但是”，直接用“虽然...”后接转折内容，但这更多是语气和习惯，而非避免。
**搭配用法 (Collocations in Context)**
- 虽然...困难/挑战，但是...成功/克服: 描述克服困难的经历。“虽然面临诸多困难，但是团队最终成功完成了任务。”
- 虽然...努力，但是...结果不佳/进步不大: 表达付出与回报不符。“虽然他非常努力地学习，但是考试成绩却不尽如人意。”
- 虽然...喜欢/想，但是...不能/没办法: 表达愿望与现实的冲突。“虽然我很想去旅行，但是工作太忙，实在没办法。”
- 虽然...年轻/经验不足，但是...能力强/表现出色: 强调出乎意料的优点。“虽然他很年轻，但是工作能力非常出色，得到了大家的认可。”
- 虽然...同意，但是...有保留/有不同意见: 表达部分赞同。“虽然我同意你的大部分观点，但是对于某一点我仍有保留。”
- 虽然...已经...，但是...仍然/还是...: 强调某种状态的持续或未改变。“虽然已经很晚了，但是他仍然在办公室工作。”
- 虽然...知道，但是...假装不知道: 描述一种心理状态或行为。“虽然他明明知道真相，但是为了不让大家担心，他假装不知道。”
- 虽然...便宜，但是...质量好/不好: 评价物品的性价比。“虽然这件衣服很便宜，但是质量非常好，出乎我的意料。
Beispiele
虽然今天下雨了，但是我们还是决定去公园散步。
everydayAlthough it's raining today, we still decided to go for a walk in the park.
尽管面临诸多挑战，但是该公司依然实现了盈利增长。
businessAlthough facing numerous challenges, the company still achieved profit growth.
虽然这件礼服价格不菲，但是其精湛的工艺和独特的设计令人赞叹。
formalAlthough this gown is expensive, its exquisite craftsmanship and unique design are admirable.
虽然他嘴上说着不在乎，但是从他的眼神里我看到了失落。
literaryAlthough he said he didn't care, I saw disappointment in his eyes.
老师虽然批评了他，但是也肯定了他的努力和进步。
academicAlthough the teacher criticized him, she also affirmed his efforts and progress.
哎，虽然知道明天要考试，但是我还是忍不住想玩会儿游戏。
informalSigh, although I know there's an exam tomorrow, I still can't help but want to play games for a while.
虽然研究结果初步显示了积极效应，但是仍需进一步的临床验证。
academicAlthough preliminary research results showed positive effects, further clinical verification is still needed.
虽然他平时沉默寡言，但是关键时刻总能挺身而出，展现出非凡的勇气。
literaryAlthough he is usually quiet, he always steps forward at critical moments, showing extraordinary courage.
Grammatikmuster
How to Use It
Nutzungshinweise
“虽然...但是...” is a versatile conjunction used across all registers, from highly formal academic writing to casual social media posts. It is particularly prevalent in both written and spoken Chinese, serving as a fundamental tool for expressing concession and contrast. While “但是” can sometimes be omitted in informal spoken contexts if the contrast is clear, it is generally retained for clarity and formality in written communication. There are no significant regional preferences; it is universally understood. Avoid using this phrase when the relationship is purely cause-and-effect or additive; its core function is to highlight an unexpected outcome despite a given condition.
Häufige Fehler
A common mistake is using “虽然...但是...” when a cause-and-effect relationship is intended, confusing concession with causation. For example, saying "虽然下雨了，但是我们没去公园" instead of "因为下雨了，所以我们没去公园" if the rain was the reason for not going. Another error is redundancy, like "虽然...但是却...", where "但是" and "却" are used together, which is grammatically permissible but often considered stylistically clunky. Learners might also omit "但是" in formal writing, which can reduce clarity. Sometimes, the contrast isn't strong enough to warrant the structure, making the sentence sound forced.
Tips
Master Concession Structure
Always place "虽然" at the beginning of the concessive clause and "但是" (or a suitable alternative like "可是", "却") at the beginning of the main clause expressing the contrast. This ensures logical flow and clarity. Example: "虽然天气很冷，但是我们还是出去玩了。"
Avoid Redundant Connectors
Do not use other conjunctions like "Nevertheless" or "However" in English translations, as "虽然...但是..." already conveys the full concessive meaning. In Chinese, avoid using "可是" or "却" simultaneously with "但是" for the same clause. Example: "虽然他很聪明，但是他却有点懒惰" (redundant use of 却).
Expressing Nuanced Views
This structure is vital for expressing balanced or nuanced opinions in Chinese culture, which often values harmony and comprehensive consideration. It allows you to acknowledge one side while gently presenting a counterpoint. Example: "虽然这个建议很好，但是实施起来可能面临挑战。"
Omitting '但是' for Effect
In advanced spoken Chinese, "但是" can sometimes be omitted, especially if the contrast is obvious or implied by context and tone. This creates a more natural and less formal flow. However, ensure clarity; if unsure, include "但是". Example: "虽然他很忙，（但是）还是抽空帮了我。"
Wortherkunft
The components "虽" (suī) and "但" (dàn) both have ancient origins, appearing in classical Chinese texts. "虽" originally meant "even if" or "although," while "但" often functioned as a conjunction meaning "but" or "only." The combination "虽然...但是..." solidified over time to form a standard concessive conjunction, similar to how "although...but..." works in English. This structure highlights the Chinese language's tendency to use paired conjunctions to clearly delineate logical relationships between clauses.
Kultureller Kontext
“虽然...但是...” is deeply embedded in Chinese communication, reflecting a cultural inclination towards balanced perspectives and nuanced expression. It allows speakers to acknowledge existing facts or challenges while simultaneously presenting a counterpoint or a silver lining, which aligns with the value of harmony and avoiding absolute statements. In modern usage, especially on social media, it's frequently used to express personal struggles or lighthearted contradictions, like "虽然减肥很难，但是美食诱惑更大！" (Although losing weight is hard, the temptation of delicious food is greater!). This structure enables people to navigate complex realities and share relatable experiences, demonstrating a pragmatic yet hopeful outlook.
Merkhilfe
Imagine a seesaw: "虽然" is one side, representing an initial fact or condition, and "但是" is the other, representing a contrasting or unexpected outcome. The "虽然" side goes down (acknowledging a point), but then the "但是" side pushes up (emphasizing the contrasting reality). It's like saying, "Yes, this is true (虽然), BUT despite that, *this* is also true (但是)." Visualize the two sides balancing a complex idea.
Häufig gestellte Fragen
10 Fragen“虽然...但是...”侧重于陈述一个事实并引出转折，语气相对平缓。“尽管...但是...”的“尽管”语气更强，更强调让步的程度，表示“即使完全如此，结果仍然不同”，常用于强调克服困难或不屈不挠的精神。
在口语中，如果转折关系非常明显，或者通过语调和上下文可以清楚地表达转折，“但是”有时可以省略。例如，“虽然下雨了，我们还是要去。” 但在书面语或正式场合，通常不建议省略，以保持句子的完整性和严谨性。
“却”的转折语气通常比“但是”更强，有时带有出乎意料或令人惊讶的意味，强调结果与预期不符。而“但是”则更侧重于表达一种对比或修正。例如，“虽然他很穷，却乐于助人”比用“但是”更强调其品质的可贵。
不可以。“虽然”必须放在表示让步的从句开头，“但是”放在表示转折的主句开头。颠倒顺序会使句子语法错误，失去其表达让步转折的逻辑功能。
是的，“虽然”后面通常接一个已经发生、存在或被承认的事实、情况或观点。它为后续的转折句提供了一个前提或背景。
几乎没有不适合使用的情况，因为它是一个非常通用的转折连词。但在表达纯粹的因果关系时（如“因为...所以...”），或者在强调并列关系时（如“既...又...”），则不应使用此结构。
在文学作品中，它常用于刻画人物性格的复杂性、情节的起伏或情感的矛盾。通过这种对比，可以增强作品的深度和张力，使读者对人物或事件有更深刻的理解。
最常见的错误是误用其他转折词，或者在不该省略“但是”的时候省略，导致句子逻辑不清晰。另外，有时会过度使用，使得文章显得不够精炼。
它的使用频率在口语和书面语中都非常高。在口语中，“但是”偶尔会被省略，而在书面语中，为了严谨和清晰，通常会完整使用。
语气更强的有“尽管...但是...”，语气更弱或更口语化的有“虽然...可是...”或者在口语中省略“但是”只用“虽然...”。选择哪种取决于具体的语境和想要表达的强调程度。
Teste dich selbst
____ 他很累，____ 他还是坚持完成了工作。
句子表达的是让步转折关系，即“尽管很累，仍然坚持”。“虽然...但是...”是表达这种关系的正确连词。
A. 虽然他很穷，但是他很善良。 B. 尽管他很穷，但是他从不抱怨。 C. 虽然他很穷，可是他很乐观。 D. 虽然他很穷，却乐于助人。
“尽管”比“虽然”语气更强，强调极大的让步，表示“即使如此，也...”。选项B的“尽管”使转折语气最强烈。
他学习很努力。他的成绩不太理想。
这两句话存在对比和转折关系，用“虽然...但是...”连接能清晰表达“努力了但结果不佳”的逻辑。
他虽然个子不高，但是却很擅长打篮球。
“但是”和“却”都是转折连词，通常不同时使用，否则会显得冗余。保留其中一个即可。
Ergebnis: /4
Summary
“虽然...但是...” is a fundamental conjunction for expressing concession and contrast, enabling nuanced communication by acknowledging one fact while asserting a contrasting outcome.
- Connects two contrasting clauses, showing concession.
- "Although...but..." structure, highlighting a turning point.
- Neutral register, suitable for all communication types.
- "但是" is often optional in informal spoken Chinese.
- Crucial for expressing complex thoughts and exceptions.
Master Concession Structure
Always place "虽然" at the beginning of the concessive clause and "但是" (or a suitable alternative like "可是", "却") at the beginning of the main clause expressing the contrast. This ensures logical flow and clarity. Example: "虽然天气很冷，但是我们还是出去玩了。"
Avoid Redundant Connectors
Do not use other conjunctions like "Nevertheless" or "However" in English translations, as "虽然...但是..." already conveys the full concessive meaning. In Chinese, avoid using "可是" or "却" simultaneously with "但是" for the same clause. Example: "虽然他很聪明，但是他却有点懒惰" (redundant use of 却).
Expressing Nuanced Views
This structure is vital for expressing balanced or nuanced opinions in Chinese culture, which often values harmony and comprehensive consideration. It allows you to acknowledge one side while gently presenting a counterpoint. Example: "虽然这个建议很好，但是实施起来可能面临挑战。"
Omitting '但是' for Effect
In advanced spoken Chinese, "但是" can sometimes be omitted, especially if the contrast is obvious or implied by context and tone. This creates a more natural and less formal flow. However, ensure clarity; if unsure, include "但是". Example: "虽然他很忙，（但是）还是抽空帮了我。"
Beispiele
6 von 8虽然今天下雨了，但是我们还是决定去公园散步。
Although it's raining today, we still decided to go for a walk in the park.
尽管面临诸多挑战，但是该公司依然实现了盈利增长。
Although facing numerous challenges, the company still achieved profit growth.
虽然这件礼服价格不菲，但是其精湛的工艺和独特的设计令人赞叹。
Although this gown is expensive, its exquisite craftsmanship and unique design are admirable.
虽然他嘴上说着不在乎，但是从他的眼神里我看到了失落。
Although he said he didn't care, I saw disappointment in his eyes.
老师虽然批评了他，但是也肯定了他的努力和进步。
Although the teacher criticized him, she also affirmed his efforts and progress.
哎，虽然知道明天要考试，但是我还是忍不住想玩会儿游戏。
Sigh, although I know there's an exam tomorrow, I still can't help but want to play games for a while.
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同意
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