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难过

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Overview

The Chinese word '难过' (nánguò) is a versatile term that can function as both a verb and an adjective, primarily conveying feelings of sadness, distress, or discomfort. Its meaning can range from a mild sense of unhappiness to deep grief, depending on the context.

As a verb, '难过' often describes the act of experiencing sadness or distress. For instance, '他很难过' (Tā hěn nánguò) directly translates to 'He feels very sad.' It can also imply a feeling of being unwell, particularly emotionally or even physically in some extended uses, though its core meaning leans towards emotional distress. When something causes one to feel '难过,' it suggests that the event or situation has brought about emotional pain or discomfort.

When used as an adjective, '难过' describes the state of being sad, distressed, or unwell. For example, '这件事让他很难过' (Zhè jiàn shì ràng tā hěn nánguò) means 'This matter made him very sad.' Here, '难过' modifies '他' (him), indicating his emotional state. It’s a common way to express that someone is feeling down or sorrowful.

Breaking down the characters, '难' (nán) means 'difficult' or 'hard,' and '过' (guò) means 'to pass' or 'to cross.' Together, they literally suggest 'difficult to pass' or 'hard to get through,' which aptly captures the essence of experiencing an emotional state that is challenging or burdensome. This etymology helps to understand why the word conveys feelings of sadness and distress – it's an emotional state that one finds difficult to navigate or endure.

'难过' can be used in a variety of situations, from personal disappointments to empathetic responses to others' suffering. It is a fundamental term for expressing negative emotions in Chinese and is frequently used in daily conversation to describe one's feelings or the emotional impact of events. Understanding its nuances is crucial for grasping the emotional landscape of Chinese communication.

Beispiele

1

他因为考试没及格而感到很难过。

academic

He felt very sad because he failed the exam.

2

听到这个消息，我心里很难过。

general news

Hearing this news, I felt very bad in my heart.

3

这部电影的结局让我很难过。

entertainment

The ending of this movie made me feel very sad.

4

别难过，事情会好起来的。

consolation

Don't be sad, things will get better.

5

我看到小狗受伤了，心里很难过。

empathy

I saw the puppy was injured, and I felt very bad in my heart.

Häufige Kollokationen

感到难过 (gǎndào nánguò)
心里难过 (xīnlǐ nánguò)
为...难过 (wèi... nánguò)
难过得哭了 (nánguò de kū le)

Wird oft verwechselt mit

难过 vs 难看 (nánkàn)

'难过' describes an emotion, meaning 'sad' or 'to feel bad'. '难看' describes something as 'ugly' or 'unpleasant to look at'. While both start with '难', their meanings are entirely different.

难过 vs 难受 (nánshòu)

'难过' (nánguò) primarily refers to emotional sadness or distress. '难受' (nánshòu) can refer to both physical discomfort (e.g., feeling sick) and emotional discomfort. So, '难受' has a broader application, while '难过' is more specifically about emotional sadness.

Grammatikmuster

Subj + 难过 让 (ràng) + someone + 难过 (to make someone sad) 为 (wèi) + something/someone + 难过 (to feel sad for/about something/someone)

So verwendest du es

难过 is often used to describe a general feeling of sadness or distress. It can also describe a feeling of being unwell, particularly emotionally.

Häufige Fehler

One common mistake is to confuse 难过 with 难受 (nánshòu). While both can mean 'unwell' or 'uncomfortable', 难过 tends to emphasize emotional distress, whereas 难受 can refer to both physical and emotional discomfort.

Tipps

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Usage Tips

'难过' (nánguò) is an adjective used to describe a feeling of sadness, sorrow, or being upset. It can be used to describe emotional states caused by various situations, such as losing something, experiencing disappointment, or hearing bad news. It often implies a heavier, more profound sadness than '不开心' (bù kāixīn - unhappy).

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Common Pitfalls

'难过' specifically refers to an emotional state of sadness. Do not confuse it with physical discomfort or pain, for which other words like '疼痛' (téngtòng - pain) or '不舒服' (bù shūfu - uncomfortable) would be more appropriate. While sometimes physical discomfort can lead to feeling '难过', the word itself describes the emotional aspect. Ensure the context is clearly about emotional distress when using '难过'.

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Advanced Nuances

'难过' can be used in several grammatical structures: 1. As a predicate: 我很难过 (Wǒ hěn nánguò - I am very sad). 2. As an attributive: 难过的心情 (nánguò de xīnqíng - a sad mood). 3. Followed by a complement of degree: 难过得哭了 (nánguò de kū le - so sad that one cried). It can also express a sense of being hard to bear or difficult to endure, especially in phrases like '心里很难过' (xīnlǐ hěn nánguò - feeling very sad in one's heart), emphasizing the internal emotional struggle.

Wortherkunft

The term '难过' (nánguò) in Chinese is a compound word formed from '难' (nán), meaning 'difficult' or 'hard', and '过' (guò), which can mean 'to pass', 'to cross', or 'to live through'. Literally, '难过' can be understood as 'difficult to pass through' or 'difficult to live through'. This etymological breakdown directly reflects the core meanings of the word: experiencing emotional or physical difficulty, sadness, or distress. Over time, '难过' has evolved to predominantly describe an emotional state of sadness, sorrow, or feeling unwell, where one is experiencing a 'hard time' or a 'difficult passage' emotionally or physically.

Kultureller Kontext

Nánguò (难过) in Chinese deeply encapsulates feelings of sadness, sorrow, and feeling bad, often more intensely than a simple 'sad' in English might convey. It's frequently used to describe emotional pain stemming from loss, disappointment, or difficult circumstances. In Chinese culture, there's a nuanced approach to expressing such emotions; while it's understood that people experience 'nánguò,' there can sometimes be an emphasis on resilience and not overtly displaying intense negative feelings, especially in public or professional settings. However, among close friends and family, expressing 'nánguò' is a natural and accepted way to share one's inner turmoil and seek comfort. It can also be used to describe the feeling of being overwhelmed or distressed by a situation, not just a personal mood.

Merkhilfe

The character 难 (nán) means 'difficult' and 过 (guò) means 'to pass' or 'to cross'. So, 难过 can be thought of as 'difficult to pass through' or 'difficult to get over', implying a feeling of sadness or distress.

Häufig gestellte Fragen

4 Fragen

'难过' (nánguò) is a common Chinese adjective and verb that expresses feelings of sadness, distress, or feeling bad. It can describe emotional states ranging from mild disappointment to deep sorrow, and can also be used to express physical discomfort or difficulty in getting through a situation. The character '难' (nán) means 'difficult' or 'hard,' and '过' (guò) means 'to pass' or 'to go through,' so literally it can be understood as 'difficult to pass through' or 'hard to bear,' referring to an unpleasant experience or emotion.

'难过' (nánguò) can be used in various contexts. For example, to express emotional sadness, you could say: '她听了那个消息很_难过_。' (Tā tīng le nà ge xiāoxī hěn nánguò.) which means 'She was very sad after hearing that news.' It can also describe a difficult situation, like: '这个冬天特别_难过_。' (Zhège dōngtiān tèbié nánguò.) meaning 'This winter is particularly hard to get through.' Or if you're feeling unwell, you might say: '我胃里有点_难过_。' (Wǒ wèilǐ yǒu diǎn nánguò.) meaning 'I feel a bit uncomfortable in my stomach.'

There are several synonyms and related expressions for '难过' (nánguò), depending on the nuance of sadness or distress you want to convey. For deeper sorrow, you might use '悲伤' (bēishāng - grieved, sorrowful) or '伤心' (shāngxīn - heartbroken, sad). For feeling upset or distressed, '不开心' (bù kāixīn - unhappy) or '郁闷' (yùmèn - gloomy, depressed) could be used. If it's more about feeling uncomfortable physically, '不舒服' (bù shūfú - uncomfortable, unwell) is a good choice. Each of these carries a slightly different shade of meaning.

While '难过' (nánguò) is commonly used on its own or in simple phrases, one expression that uses it is '心里难过' (xīnlǐ nánguò), which directly translates to 'feeling sad in one's heart,' emphasizing emotional distress. Another related concept is '日子不好过' (rìzi bù hǎoguò), meaning 'life is not easy' or 'having a tough time,' where '好过' (hǎoguò) is the opposite of '难过' (nánguò) in the context of passing time or living through something. These expressions highlight the versatility of '难过' and its components in describing various forms of difficulty or unhappiness.

Teste dich selbst

fill blank

她因为考试没考好而感到很____。

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
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听到这个消息，我心里非常____。

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
fill blank

看到小动物受伤，我都会觉得很____。

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:

Ergebnis: /3

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