Across vs. Through: ¿Cuál es la diferencia?
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'across' for flat surfaces and 'through' for three-dimensional spaces or volumes.
- Use 'across' for 2D surfaces like roads or bridges: 'I ran across the street.'
- Use 'through' for 3D spaces like tunnels or forests: 'I walked through the woods.'
- Use 'across' for the other side: 'He lives across the river.'
Overview
across y through suelen presentar un desafío particular porque en español muchas veces las traducimos de la misma manera: como cruzar, atravesar o simplemente por. Sin embargo, en la mentalidad anglosajona, estas dos palabras describen experiencias espaciales completamente distintas.across. Pero si te mueves dentro de algo que tiene volumen, como una caja o un bosque, estás usando through.across the forest, un nativo imaginará que caminaste por encima de las copas de los árboles o que el bosque era tan pequeño que solo lo viste como una mancha en el suelo.through the forest, entenderán que estuviste rodeado de árboles, viviendo la experiencia de estar *dentro* del lugar. A lo largo de esta guía, exploraremos estas sutilezas para que nunca más vuelvas a dudar entre una y otra.across y through, debemos analizar cómo el inglés conceptualiza el entorno. A diferencia del español, donde el verbo suele llevar gran parte de la carga del significado (como en atravesar), en inglés el verbo suele indicar la acción (walk, run, drive) y la preposición indica la relación con el espacio.across (Superficies y Límites)Across se utiliza principalmente cuando el movimiento ocurre sobre una superficie abierta o cuando se cruza una línea divisoria. Piensa en ello como el movimiento de un lado al otro de algo que percibimos como plano o extenso.- Movimiento sobre una superficie física: Se aplica a calles, puentes, campos, ríos o desiertos. Aunque un río tiene profundidad, cuando decimos
swim across the river, nos enfocamos en la distancia entre las dos orillas (la superficie). - Extensión o posición: También se usa para describir algo que se extiende de un lado a otro. Por ejemplo,
a bridge across the river(un puente sobre el río). - El lado opuesto: En contextos de ubicación, funciona como
al otro lado de
. Si estás en un café y tu amigo está en la acera de enfrente, él estáacross the street.
through (Volumen y Envolvimiento)Through se refiere a un movimiento que ocurre dentro de un espacio tridimensional. Aquí, el sujeto está rodeado por el entorno. Es la diferencia entre caminar sobre una alfombra (across) y caminar por un túnel (through).- Espacios cerrados o densos: Se usa para túneles, pasillos, habitaciones, bosques o multitudes de personas. Si hay objetos a tus lados, por encima o a tu alrededor, la palabra es
through. - Medios o sustancias: Cuando te mueves a través de algo que te envuelve, como el agua (si estás buceando), el aire, la niebla o el cristal. Ejemplo:
Light comes through the window(La luz pasa a través del cristal). - Procesos y tiempo: Metafóricamente, usamos
throughpara indicar que estamos atravesando una etapa o un periodo de tiempo.I am going through a difficult time(Estoy pasando por un momento difícil).
across es como dibujar una línea en un papel, through es como meter un hilo por el ojo de una aguja o caminar por un pasillo oscuro.She ran | across | the field | Ella corrió por el campo (superficie abierta). |The train goes | through | the tunnel | El tren pasa por el túnel (espacio cerrado). |He looked | across | the room | Él miró al otro lado de la habitación (espacio abierto). |He looked | through | the keyhole | Él miró por el ojo de la cerradura (un orificio). |- 1Verbos comunes: Los verbos que más frecuentemente acompañan a estas preposiciones son:
walk,run,drive,fly,swim,travel,go,come,look,pass. - 2Sin artículos: A veces, en expresiones fijas, no usamos el artículo
the, pero la estructura se mantiene:travel across Europeoget through life. - 3Phrasal Verbs: ¡Ojo aquí! Existen verbos compuestos que usan estas palabras y cuyo significado cambia totalmente. Por ejemplo,
come acrosssignificaencontrarse con algo por casualidad
, yget throughpuede significarlograr comunicarse por teléfono
osuperar un examen. No los confundas con el uso puramente espacial.
across:- 1Cruzar de un lado a otro en espacios abiertos:
We walked across the bridge.(Caminamos por el puente, de un extremo al otro).The cat ran across the road.(El gato cruzó la carretera).
- 1Ubicación en el lado opuesto:
My house is across the park.(Mi casa está al otro lado del parque).He sat across from me at dinner.(Se sentó frente a mí, al otro lado de la mesa).
- 1Movimiento en una superficie plana (2D):
Draw a line across the page.(Dibuja una línea que cruce la página).The news spread across the country.(Las noticias se extendieron por todo el país —visto como un mapa plano—).
through:- 1Movimiento dentro de un volumen (3D):
We drove through the city center.(Conducimos por el centro, rodeados de edificios y tráfico).The path goes through the woods.(El sendero atraviesa el bosque, rodeado de árboles).
- 1Pasar por un orificio o apertura:
The water flows through the pipe.(El agua fluye por la tubería).I can't see through these dirty glasses.(No puedo ver a través de estas gafas sucias).
- 1Superar obstáculos o procesos (Uso figurado):
She got through the interview successfully.(Superó la entrevista).We have to go through security at the airport.(Tenemos que pasar por el control de seguridad).
- 1A lo largo de un periodo de tiempo:
He slept through the movie.(Se durmió durante toda la película, de principio a fin).
cross con la preposición acrosscruzar. En inglés, cross es el verbo y across es la preposición.- Incorrecto: *I acrossed the street.*
- Correcto:
I crossed the street(verbo) oI walked across the street(verbo + preposición). - Por qué sucede: Intentamos convertir la preposición en un verbo porque en español
cruzarya contiene la idea del movimiento y la dirección.
through para calles abiertas- Error: Si dices
through the street, parece que vas por debajo del asfalto o que la calle es un túnel estrecho. - Correcto:
I walked across the street(si la cruzas) oI walked along the street(si caminas por ella longitudinalmente).
through implica rodeado deI walked through the park, estás enfatizando que pasaste por el medio de él. Pero si es un parque tipo plaza plana, across es más natural.- Truco: Si puedes ver el cielo y no hay nada a tus lados, usa
across. Si hay obstáculos, gente o paredes, usathrough.
actually vs currently (Bonus de vocabulario)actualmente, no uses actually (que significa en realidad). Di: I am currently going through a lot of stress.across y through con otras preposiciones como over o along. Vamos a compararlas para que veas la diferencia clara.Across | De un lado a otro (superficie 2D). | Cruzar una calle o un río por la superficie. |Through | Por el interior (espacio 3D). | Pasar por un túnel o un bosque denso. |Over | Por encima de algo (sin tocarlo o cruzando una barrera). | Un avión volando sobre una ciudad o saltar una valla. |Along | Siguiendo una línea o camino (longitudinal). | Caminar por la orilla del mar o por una calle sin cruzarla. |Across vs. Overcruzar, pero over suele implicar que hay algo que superar físicamente, como una altura.I climbed over the wall(Había una barrera vertical).I walked across the field(Era una superficie plana).
Through vs. AlongI walked through the hallway(Estás dentro del pasillo, rodeado por las paredes).I walked along the corridor(Estás siguiendo la línea del pasillo, el énfasis está en la dirección, no en el confinamiento).
swim across the pool y swim through the pool?Swim across the pool significa que nadas de un borde al otro por la superficie. Swim through the pool sugeriría que estás buceando por debajo del agua, atravesando la masa de líquido (el volumen).across. Por ejemplo: The video went viral across all social media platforms. Lo vemos como una extensión sobre una superficie o mapa de redes.The data travels through the network (viendo la red como un sistema de tuberías o cables).por la ventana?through the window. Por ejemplo: The thief entered through the window. Como la ventana es una apertura en una pared (un espacio 3D), la idea es que algo pasa de un lado al otro rompiendo o atravesando ese límite volumétrico.through para el tiempo?I slept through the alarm (Me quedé dormido y no oí la alarma en todo el tiempo que sonó). También se usa en fechas: Monday through Friday (De lunes a viernes inclusive).across es plano, through tiene volumen. ¡Sigue practicando y verás cómo pronto las usarás sin pensar!Usage with Common Verbs
| Verb | With 'Across' (Surface) | With 'Through' (Volume) |
|---|---|---|
|
Walk
|
Walk across the bridge
|
Walk through the forest
|
|
Run
|
Run across the track
|
Run through the tunnel
|
|
Drive
|
Drive across the border
|
Drive through the city
|
|
Swim
|
Swim across the lake
|
Swim through the reeds
|
|
Look
|
Look across the valley
|
Look through the telescope
|
|
Cut
|
Cut across the grass
|
Cut through the meat
|
|
Fly
|
Fly across the ocean
|
Fly through the clouds
|
|
Pass
|
Pass across the screen
|
Pass through the gate
|
Meanings
These prepositions describe movement from one side of something to the other, but they differ based on the geometry of the object being crossed.
Across: Surface Movement
Movement from one side to the other of a flat area, surface, or line.
“The cat ran across the lawn.”
“They are building a new bridge across the bay.”
Through: Volume Movement
Movement from one side to the other within a three-dimensional space, often surrounded by things.
“The train went through the tunnel.”
“Water flows through the pipes.”
Across: Position
On the opposite side of something.
“The pharmacy is just across the road.”
“She sat across from me at dinner.”
Through: Time and Process
From the beginning to the end of a period or a series of actions.
“He slept through the entire movie.”
“I read through the contract carefully.”
Reference Table
| Function | Preposition | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Movement (2D)
|
Across
|
He ran across the playground.
|
|
Movement (3D)
|
Through
|
The mouse ran through the pipe.
|
|
Position
|
Across
|
The bank is across the street.
|
|
Duration
|
Through
|
She worked through the weekend.
|
|
Medium
|
Through
|
I heard it through the grapevine.
|
|
Distribution
|
Across
|
The policy applies across the firm.
|
|
Completion
|
Through
|
I am halfway through the book.
|
|
Obstacle
|
Through
|
We pushed through the heavy snow.
|
Espectro de formalidad
The pedestrians traversed across the municipal park. (Daily life)
They walked across the park. (Daily life)
They cut across the park. (Daily life)
They headed across the park. (Daily life)
2D vs 3D Movement
Which one should I use?
Is it a flat surface?
Are you inside it?
Ejemplos por nivel
I walk across the road.
The cat goes through the window.
He lives across the street.
We go through the park.
She ran across the bridge to catch the bus.
The bird flew through the open door.
They walked across the big field.
I can't see through these dirty glasses.
We sailed across the Atlantic Ocean in three weeks.
The sunlight shone through the leaves of the trees.
I found this old photo while looking through a drawer.
News of the accident spread quickly across the town.
The company has offices scattered across the country.
He managed to get through the exam despite being ill.
The bullet passed through the wooden plank.
She stared across the room at her rival.
The virus spread across the population with alarming speed.
I've been through a lot of emotional turmoil lately.
The architect designed a path that cuts across the courtyard.
He spoke through an interpreter during the summit.
The theme of redemption resonates across his entire body of work.
We must see this initiative through to its logical conclusion.
The signal was transmitted across a series of relay stations.
She navigated through the labyrinthine bureaucracy of the ministry.
Fácil de confundir
Both can mean moving to the other side of a road or river.
Learners use 'through' when they mean following a path.
Learners forget the 'from' when describing location.
Errores comunes
I go across the door.
I go through the door.
The car goes through the bridge.
The car goes across the bridge.
I walk through the street.
I walk across the street.
He is through the room.
He is across the room.
We walked across the woods.
We walked through the woods.
The bird flew across the window.
The bird flew through the window.
I looked across the keyhole.
I looked through the keyhole.
I slept across the meeting.
I slept through the meeting.
The news went through the country.
The news went across the country.
He pushed across the crowd.
He pushed through the crowd.
The idea spread through the board.
The idea spread across the board.
Patrones de oraciones
I walked across the ___.
The train went through the ___.
It's located just across from the ___.
I've been looking through my ___ all morning.
Real World Usage
Drive across the bridge and then go through the tunnel.
I was scrolling through my Instagram feed.
I have worked with teams across different time zones.
We backpacked through Europe last summer.
Let's walk through the project requirements.
I'm halfway through the movie, call u later!
The Paper vs. Box Test
Avoid 'Acrosst'
Through for Time
Across from vs Opposite
Smart Tips
Check if you are 'on top' of the thing (Across) or 'inside' the thing (Through).
Always use 'across from' if you are describing where a building is.
Use 'through' because you are moving from the first page to the last page (a volume of work).
Use 'across' to show distribution, like a blanket covering a bed.
Pronunciación
Across Ending
The 'ss' in across is a voiceless /s/ sound. Do not add a 't' at the end (a common native-speaker error: 'acrosst').
Through Vowel
The 'ough' is pronounced like 'oo' in 'food'. The 'th' is the voiceless /θ/ as in 'think'.
Emphasis on Preposition
I didn't go OVER it, I went THROUGH it!
Used to correct a misunderstanding about the path taken.
Memorízalo
Mnemotecnia
Across is for an Area (flat); Through is for a Tunnel (3D).
Asociación visual
Imagine a flat sheet of paper. To get to the other side, you go 'across'. Now imagine a straw. To get to the other side, you must go 'through'.
Rhyme
Across the floor, through the door.
Story
A hiker wanted to reach a mountain. First, he walked across a flat desert (2D). Then, he had to hike through a thick, dark forest (3D). Finally, he swam across a wide river (2D) to reach the base.
Word Web
Desafío
Look around your room. Identify one thing you can move 'across' (like a rug) and one thing you can move 'through' (like a doorway). Say the sentences out loud.
Notas culturales
In the UK, 'across from' is often replaced by 'opposite'. For example, 'The pub is opposite the station.'
Americans almost exclusively use 'across from' for locations. 'The store is across from the mall.'
Similar to British English, but 'across' is frequently used in sports commentary to describe the movement of the ball over the field.
'Across' comes from the 13th-century Old French 'a croix', meaning 'in the form of a cross'. 'Through' comes from the Old English 'thurh', which has Proto-Germanic roots.
Inicios de conversación
Have you ever walked across a very long bridge?
What is the most beautiful forest you have ever walked through?
If you had to travel across the ocean, would you prefer a ship or a plane?
Tell me about a difficult time you've been through recently.
Temas para diario
Errores comunes
Test Yourself
The hikers walked ___ the thick forest for three hours.
He drew a line ___ the middle of the page.
Find and fix the mistake:
The train passed across the tunnel at high speed.
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
lives / she / the / street / across
We use 'through' for flat surfaces like a map.
A: How do I get to the bank? B: Just walk ___ the bridge and it's on your left.
1. A pipe, 2. A lake, 3. A window, 4. A field
Score: /8
Ejercicios de practica
8 exercisesThe hikers walked ___ the thick forest for three hours.
He drew a line ___ the middle of the page.
Find and fix the mistake:
The train passed across the tunnel at high speed.
1. Bridge, 2. Tunnel, 3. Crowd, 4. Desert
lives / she / the / street / across
We use 'through' for flat surfaces like a map.
A: How do I get to the bank? B: Just walk ___ the bridge and it's on your left.
1. A pipe, 2. A lake, 3. A window, 4. A field
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesThe hikers made their way ___ the narrow canyon.
A snake was slithering ___ the grass.
Select the correct sentence:
The nail went across the piece of wood.
Translate this idea into English: 'The wind blew among the trees.'
Arrange these words:
Match the action to its most likely location:
I'm just looking ___ the window at the people walking by.
She's had to go across a lot of difficulties this year.
Arrange these words:
Which sentence suggests a more complete action?
Translate this idea into English: 'I drew a line on the paper, from one side to the other.'
Score: /12
Preguntas frecuentes (8)
Yes! If you feel like the park is a 3D space with trees and gates around you, `through` is very common. If you are just crossing it to get to the other side, `across` is also fine.
Yes, they are synonyms. `Across from` is more common in American English, while `opposite` is more common in British English.
This is a metaphorical use of `through` for time. We imagine time as a tunnel or a path that we are moving inside of from start to finish.
Yes. In the sentence 'The river is wide, I can't swim across,' `across` is an adverb because it doesn't have a noun following it.
It is an idiom meaning 'applying to everyone or everything in a group.' For example, 'The company gave a 5% raise across the board.'
Only if the bridge is enclosed (like a covered bridge or a tunnel-like structure). Otherwise, use `across`.
`Thru` is an informal, American spelling often used on road signs or in fast-food 'drive-thrus'. In formal writing, always use `through`.
`Throughout` is more emphatic and means 'in every part of' or 'during the whole time of'.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
a través de / por
English requires a choice based on 2D/3D, while Spanish often relies on the verb choice.
à travers / par
French speakers often struggle with 'across' as a preposition because they prefer the verb 'traverser'.
über / durch
German 'über' also means 'above', which can lead to confusion with 'over'.
を渡る (wo wataru) / を通る (wo tooru)
Japanese encodes the movement in the verb rather than just the preposition.
عبر (abra) / خلال (khilal)
Arabic 'abra' is more versatile and less strictly 2D/3D than English.
过 (guò) / 穿过 (chuānguò)
Chinese uses verb-complements to show the nature of the movement.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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