Across مقابل Through: ما هو الفرق؟
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'across' for flat surfaces and 'through' for three-dimensional spaces or volumes.
- Use 'across' for 2D surfaces like roads or bridges: 'I ran across the street.'
- Use 'through' for 3D spaces like tunnels or forests: 'I walked through the woods.'
- Use 'across' for the other side: 'He lives across the river.'
نظرة عامة
across و through من أكثر الكلمات التي تسبب ارتباكاً لمتعلمي اللغة الإنجليزية في المستوى المتوسط (B1). في اللغة العربية، غالباً ما نستخدم حرف الجر «عبر» أو «من خلال» أو حتى نستخدم أفعال الحركة لتغطية المعنى، لكن في الإنجليزية، التمييز بين هاتين الكلمتين يعتمد بشكل أساسي على «طبيعة المكان» الذي تتحرك فيه. إذا كنت تتخيل نفسك في سوق شعبي أو في مجلس عائلي، فكر في الأمر هكذا: عندما تمشي على سطح الأرض المسطح في السوق من طرف إلى آخر، أنت تتحرك across السوق.through الحشود.across تركز على السطح المسطح (2D)، بينما through تركز على العمق والحجم (3D). بالنسبة لنا كمتحدثين بالعربية، نحن لا نميز دائماً بين السطح والداخل في أفعالنا اليومية، مما يجعلنا نستخدم across بشكل مفرط.walk across the desert، لكن إذا كنت تتحرك داخل ممر ضيق بين جبال شاهقة، فأنت walk through the canyon. هذا التمييز يعكس دقة التفكير في الإنجليزية التي تفرض عليك تحديد ما إذا كنت «فوق» السطح أو «داخل» الحيز.across للمساحات المفتوحة و through للمساحات المغلقة أو المليئة بالعوائق.across (عبر/على امتداد):across the table. في العربية، قد نقول «عبرتُ الشارع»، وهنا across هي الأنسب لأن الشارع سطح مسطح.across.through (من خلال/عبر):drive through the tunnel.through the forest لأن الأشجار تحيط بك من كل جانب. في العربية، نستخدم «من خلال» أحياناً، لكن الإنجليزية تستخدم through حتى في الحالات المجردة، مثل go through a difficult time (نمر بوقت عصيب)، حيث نعتبر الوقت «حيزاً» نمر من خلاله.walk, run, drive, fly. في بعض الحالات، يمكن أن تأتي مع أفعال إدراك مثل look (انظر عبر الغرفة) أو see (أرى من خلال النافذة).across في المواقف التي تتطلب عبور مساحة مفتوحة. مثلاً، إذا كنت في اجتماع عائلي (مجلس) وتريد أن تطلب من أحدهم مناولة القهوة، يمكنك القول Pass the coffee across the table. هنا التركيز على السطح المفتوح للطاولة.through فتستخدم في مواقف الاختراق أو المرور داخل وسيط. إذا كنت في المطار وتمر عبر بوابة التفتيش، فأنت go through security. هنا أنت تمر من خلال عملية أو حيز مغلق.I learned English through practice (تعلمت الإنجليزية من خلال الممارسة)، حيث الممارسة هي الوسيط الذي «مررت» من خلاله للوصول للهدف. هذا الاستخدام المجرد شائع جداً في الإنجليزية ويختلف عن العربية التي قد تستخدم «بواسطة» أو «عن طريق». لذا، تذكر دائماً: هل المكان يحيط بك؟through. هل أنت فوق السطح؟ استخدم across.- 1الخلط بين السطح والحيز: يخطئ الكثير من العرب بقول
walk across the forestبدلاً منwalk through the forest. السبب هو أننا في العربية نستخدم «عبر الغابة»، وكلمة «عبر» في ذهننا تعادلacrossدائماً. التداخل اللغوي (L1 Interference) يجعلنا نترجم «عبر» كـacrossفقط. - 2حذف حرف الجر في التعبيرات المجردة: يميل المتحدث العربي لقول
I am going through a hard timeبشكل صحيح، لكن قد يخطئ في قولI am passing the hard time(بدونthrough) لأننا في العربية نقول «أمرُّ بوقت عصيب» دون الحاجة لحرف جر. الإنجليزية تتطلبthroughلإكمال المعنى. - 3استخدام
acrossمع الأماكن المغلقة: قولHe walked across the tunnel. هذا خطأ لأن النفق ليس سطحاً مسطحاً، بل هو حيز. السبب هو أننا نرى «عبور النفق» كفعل واحد، فنستخدمacrossكترجمة حرفية لـ «عبور».
over و along.Walk across the bridge (تمشي على سطح الجسر)، Walk over the bridge (قد تعني أنك تعبر فوقه ربما بالقفز أو الطيران)، Walk along the bridge (تمشي بمحاذاة طول الجسر).across و through معاً في نفس الجملة؟He walked across the field and through the gate (مشى عبر الحقل ثم من خلال البوابة). هذا يوضح الفرق بين السطح (الحقل) والحيز (البوابة).through دائماً تعني الدخول والخروج؟cross كفعل؟cross فعل يعني «يعبر». لا تحتاج لحرف جر بعدها. نقول cross the street ولا نقول cross across the street. هذا خطأ شائع جداً بسبب التكرار.Usage with Common Verbs
| Verb | With 'Across' (Surface) | With 'Through' (Volume) |
|---|---|---|
|
Walk
|
Walk across the bridge
|
Walk through the forest
|
|
Run
|
Run across the track
|
Run through the tunnel
|
|
Drive
|
Drive across the border
|
Drive through the city
|
|
Swim
|
Swim across the lake
|
Swim through the reeds
|
|
Look
|
Look across the valley
|
Look through the telescope
|
|
Cut
|
Cut across the grass
|
Cut through the meat
|
|
Fly
|
Fly across the ocean
|
Fly through the clouds
|
|
Pass
|
Pass across the screen
|
Pass through the gate
|
Meanings
These prepositions describe movement from one side of something to the other, but they differ based on the geometry of the object being crossed.
Across: Surface Movement
Movement from one side to the other of a flat area, surface, or line.
“The cat ran across the lawn.”
“They are building a new bridge across the bay.”
Through: Volume Movement
Movement from one side to the other within a three-dimensional space, often surrounded by things.
“The train went through the tunnel.”
“Water flows through the pipes.”
Across: Position
On the opposite side of something.
“The pharmacy is just across the road.”
“She sat across from me at dinner.”
Through: Time and Process
From the beginning to the end of a period or a series of actions.
“He slept through the entire movie.”
“I read through the contract carefully.”
Reference Table
| Function | Preposition | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Movement (2D)
|
Across
|
He ran across the playground.
|
|
Movement (3D)
|
Through
|
The mouse ran through the pipe.
|
|
Position
|
Across
|
The bank is across the street.
|
|
Duration
|
Through
|
She worked through the weekend.
|
|
Medium
|
Through
|
I heard it through the grapevine.
|
|
Distribution
|
Across
|
The policy applies across the firm.
|
|
Completion
|
Through
|
I am halfway through the book.
|
|
Obstacle
|
Through
|
We pushed through the heavy snow.
|
طيف الرسمية
The pedestrians traversed across the municipal park. (Daily life)
They walked across the park. (Daily life)
They cut across the park. (Daily life)
They headed across the park. (Daily life)
2D vs 3D Movement
Which one should I use?
Is it a flat surface?
Are you inside it?
أمثلة حسب المستوى
I walk across the road.
The cat goes through the window.
He lives across the street.
We go through the park.
She ran across the bridge to catch the bus.
The bird flew through the open door.
They walked across the big field.
I can't see through these dirty glasses.
We sailed across the Atlantic Ocean in three weeks.
The sunlight shone through the leaves of the trees.
I found this old photo while looking through a drawer.
News of the accident spread quickly across the town.
The company has offices scattered across the country.
He managed to get through the exam despite being ill.
The bullet passed through the wooden plank.
She stared across the room at her rival.
The virus spread across the population with alarming speed.
I've been through a lot of emotional turmoil lately.
The architect designed a path that cuts across the courtyard.
He spoke through an interpreter during the summit.
The theme of redemption resonates across his entire body of work.
We must see this initiative through to its logical conclusion.
The signal was transmitted across a series of relay stations.
She navigated through the labyrinthine bureaucracy of the ministry.
سهل الخلط
Both can mean moving to the other side of a road or river.
Learners use 'through' when they mean following a path.
Learners forget the 'from' when describing location.
أخطاء شائعة
I go across the door.
I go through the door.
The car goes through the bridge.
The car goes across the bridge.
I walk through the street.
I walk across the street.
He is through the room.
He is across the room.
We walked across the woods.
We walked through the woods.
The bird flew across the window.
The bird flew through the window.
I looked across the keyhole.
I looked through the keyhole.
I slept across the meeting.
I slept through the meeting.
The news went through the country.
The news went across the country.
He pushed across the crowd.
He pushed through the crowd.
The idea spread through the board.
The idea spread across the board.
أنماط الجُمل
I walked across the ___.
The train went through the ___.
It's located just across from the ___.
I've been looking through my ___ all morning.
Real World Usage
Drive across the bridge and then go through the tunnel.
I was scrolling through my Instagram feed.
I have worked with teams across different time zones.
We backpacked through Europe last summer.
Let's walk through the project requirements.
I'm halfway through the movie, call u later!
The Paper vs. Box Test
Avoid 'Acrosst'
Through for Time
Across from vs Opposite
Smart Tips
Check if you are 'on top' of the thing (Across) or 'inside' the thing (Through).
Always use 'across from' if you are describing where a building is.
Use 'through' because you are moving from the first page to the last page (a volume of work).
Use 'across' to show distribution, like a blanket covering a bed.
النطق
Across Ending
The 'ss' in across is a voiceless /s/ sound. Do not add a 't' at the end (a common native-speaker error: 'acrosst').
Through Vowel
The 'ough' is pronounced like 'oo' in 'food'. The 'th' is the voiceless /θ/ as in 'think'.
Emphasis on Preposition
I didn't go OVER it, I went THROUGH it!
Used to correct a misunderstanding about the path taken.
احفظها
وسيلة تذكّر
Across is for an Area (flat); Through is for a Tunnel (3D).
ربط بصري
Imagine a flat sheet of paper. To get to the other side, you go 'across'. Now imagine a straw. To get to the other side, you must go 'through'.
Rhyme
Across the floor, through the door.
Story
A hiker wanted to reach a mountain. First, he walked across a flat desert (2D). Then, he had to hike through a thick, dark forest (3D). Finally, he swam across a wide river (2D) to reach the base.
Word Web
تحدٍّ
Look around your room. Identify one thing you can move 'across' (like a rug) and one thing you can move 'through' (like a doorway). Say the sentences out loud.
ملاحظات ثقافية
In the UK, 'across from' is often replaced by 'opposite'. For example, 'The pub is opposite the station.'
Americans almost exclusively use 'across from' for locations. 'The store is across from the mall.'
Similar to British English, but 'across' is frequently used in sports commentary to describe the movement of the ball over the field.
'Across' comes from the 13th-century Old French 'a croix', meaning 'in the form of a cross'. 'Through' comes from the Old English 'thurh', which has Proto-Germanic roots.
بدايات محادثة
Have you ever walked across a very long bridge?
What is the most beautiful forest you have ever walked through?
If you had to travel across the ocean, would you prefer a ship or a plane?
Tell me about a difficult time you've been through recently.
مواضيع للكتابة اليومية
أخطاء شائعة
Test Yourself
The hikers walked ___ the thick forest for three hours.
He drew a line ___ the middle of the page.
Find and fix the mistake:
The train passed across the tunnel at high speed.
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
lives / she / the / street / across
We use 'through' for flat surfaces like a map.
A: How do I get to the bank? B: Just walk ___ the bridge and it's on your left.
1. A pipe, 2. A lake, 3. A window, 4. A field
Score: /8
تمارين تطبيقية
8 exercisesThe hikers walked ___ the thick forest for three hours.
He drew a line ___ the middle of the page.
Find and fix the mistake:
The train passed across the tunnel at high speed.
1. Bridge, 2. Tunnel, 3. Crowd, 4. Desert
lives / she / the / street / across
We use 'through' for flat surfaces like a map.
A: How do I get to the bank? B: Just walk ___ the bridge and it's on your left.
1. A pipe, 2. A lake, 3. A window, 4. A field
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesThe hikers made their way ___ the narrow canyon.
A snake was slithering ___ the grass.
Select the correct sentence:
The nail went across the piece of wood.
Translate this idea into English: 'The wind blew among the trees.'
Arrange these words:
Match the action to its most likely location:
I'm just looking ___ the window at the people walking by.
She's had to go across a lot of difficulties this year.
Arrange these words:
Which sentence suggests a more complete action?
Translate this idea into English: 'I drew a line on the paper, from one side to the other.'
Score: /12
الأسئلة الشائعة (8)
Yes! If you feel like the park is a 3D space with trees and gates around you, `through` is very common. If you are just crossing it to get to the other side, `across` is also fine.
Yes, they are synonyms. `Across from` is more common in American English, while `opposite` is more common in British English.
This is a metaphorical use of `through` for time. We imagine time as a tunnel or a path that we are moving inside of from start to finish.
Yes. In the sentence 'The river is wide, I can't swim across,' `across` is an adverb because it doesn't have a noun following it.
It is an idiom meaning 'applying to everyone or everything in a group.' For example, 'The company gave a 5% raise across the board.'
Only if the bridge is enclosed (like a covered bridge or a tunnel-like structure). Otherwise, use `across`.
`Thru` is an informal, American spelling often used on road signs or in fast-food 'drive-thrus'. In formal writing, always use `through`.
`Throughout` is more emphatic and means 'in every part of' or 'during the whole time of'.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
a través de / por
English requires a choice based on 2D/3D, while Spanish often relies on the verb choice.
à travers / par
French speakers often struggle with 'across' as a preposition because they prefer the verb 'traverser'.
über / durch
German 'über' also means 'above', which can lead to confusion with 'over'.
を渡る (wo wataru) / を通る (wo tooru)
Japanese encodes the movement in the verb rather than just the preposition.
عبر (abra) / خلال (khilal)
Arabic 'abra' is more versatile and less strictly 2D/3D than English.
过 (guò) / 穿过 (chuānguò)
Chinese uses verb-complements to show the nature of the movement.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
فيديوهات ذات صلة
Related Grammar Rules
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