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A2 adjective 4 min de lectura

民主的

Practícalo Ejemplos Notas y consejos 民主的 en 30 segundos

Explicación 民主的 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should recognize 民主的 (Minshuteki) as a word related to politics or fairness. You might see it in very basic descriptions of a group or a country. Focus on the fact that it ends in 'teki', which usually means '-like' or '-ish'. You don't need to use it in complex political debates yet, but knowing it means 'democratic' or 'fair' in a group sense is a great start. Think of it as 'everyone has a say'.

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At the A2 level, you can begin using 民主的 in simple sentences with the 'na' particle. You can describe your school, your family, or a small club. For example, '私たちのクラスは民主的です' (Our class is democratic). You understand that it is a positive way to describe a group where people talk to each other before making a choice. You should also be able to recognize its opposite, like '独裁的' (dictatorial), in simple contexts.

At the B1 level, you can use 民主的 to discuss social issues or workplace environments. You can explain *why* something is democratic using connectors like 'から' or 'ので'. For example, '全員で話し合って決めるので、このプロセスは民主的です' (Because we all discuss and decide, this process is democratic). you are comfortable using the adverbial form '民主的に' to describe how actions are performed, such as '民主的に話し合う' (to discuss democratically).

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At the B2 level, you can use 民主的 in formal writing and debates. You understand the nuances between 'democratic' and 'fair' or 'equal'. You can discuss the '民主的な手続き' (democratic procedures) of a government or organization. You can also use it to critique systems, perhaps arguing that a certain law is '民主的ではない' (not democratic) because it lacks transparency. You are familiar with compound terms like '民主的な権利' (democratic rights).

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At the C1 level, you can use 民主的 to analyze complex political theories or historical events in Japanese. You can discuss the '民主的な正当性' (democratic legitimacy) of a regime or the '民主的な価値観' (democratic values) within Japanese culture versus Western culture. Your usage is precise, and you can weave the word into sophisticated arguments about governance, ethics, and social contracts without hesitation.

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At the C2 level, you have a masterly grasp of 民主的. You can use it in academic papers, legal contexts, or high-level diplomacy. You understand its ideological weight and can discuss the evolution of the term '民主的' from the Meiji era to the present. You can identify and use subtle variations, idioms, and high-level collocations, and you can detect even the slightest sarcastic or ironic usage of the word in political satire.

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Practícalo Ejemplos Notas y consejos

民主的 en 30 segundos

Used to describe fair, inclusive systems where everyone has a voice.
A 'na-adjective' (民主的な) often used in politics and business management.
Implies transparency, consensus-building, and the rule of the majority.
Contrasts with authoritarian (独裁的) or top-down hierarchical structures.

The Japanese word 民主的 (Minshuteki) is a highly relevant term in modern Japanese society, reflecting the values of equality, participation, and collective decision-making. At its core, it is a na-adjective composed of three kanji: 民 (people), 主 (master/main), and 的 (a suffix that turns a noun into an adjective, similar to '-ish' or '-like'). Literally, it describes something that is 'of the people as masters.'

Political Context: In politics, it refers to systems, processes, or governments that adhere to democratic principles. This includes voting, transparency, and the protection of individual rights.
Social and Corporate Context: In daily life or business, it often describes a style of leadership or decision-making. A 'democratic leader' in a Japanese company is one who listens to subordinates and seeks consensus rather than giving top-down orders.

私たちのサークルは、とても民主的な方法でリーダーを選びます。
(Our club chooses its leader in a very democratic way.)

Historically, the term gained significant traction post-WWII during the democratization of Japan. It represents a shift from imperial sovereignty to popular sovereignty. When you use this word, you are often highlighting a positive attribute of fairness and inclusion.

この国は民主的な改革を必要としています。
(This country is in need of democratic reforms.)

Since 民主的 is a na-adjective, its grammatical behavior is predictable but requires attention to the particles following it. Depending on whether you are describing a noun or an action, the form changes.

Modifying a Noun: Use 民主的な (Minshuteki-na) + Noun. Example: 民主的な社会 (A democratic society).
Modifying a Verb (Adverbial): Use 民主的に (Minshuteki-ni) + Verb. Example: 民主的に解決する (To solve democratically).
Ending a Sentence: Use 民主的です (Minshuteki desu) or 民主的だ (Minshuteki da). Example: そのプロセスは民主的です (That process is democratic).

会議では、全員の意見を民主的に聞くことが大切です。
(In meetings, it is important to listen to everyone's opinions democratically.)

It is also frequently used in the negative form 民主的ではない (Minshuteki dewa nai) to criticize unfair or authoritarian behavior. This is common in political commentary or when discussing workplace grievances.

独裁的なやり方は、決して民主的とは言えません。
(Dictatorial methods can never be called democratic.)

You will encounter 民主的 in several specific domains in Japan. Understanding these contexts helps you grasp the weight the word carries.

Evening News: Journalists use it when discussing election results, international relations, or new legislation.
Business Management: Modern HR seminars often promote 'democratic management' (民主的な経営) as an alternative to the rigid seniority system.
Education: Schools teach 'democratic citizenship' (民主的な市民) as part of the social studies curriculum.

ニュース：新しい大統領は、より民主的な政治を約束しました。
(News: The new president promised a more democratic government.)

Interestingly, you might also hear it in casual debates among friends when deciding where to eat. If one person is being bossy, another might jokingly say, 'もっと民主的に決めようよ！' (Let's decide more democratically!).

Learners often make a few specific errors when using 民主的. Avoiding these will make your Japanese sound much more natural.

Confusion with 民主主義 (Minshushugi): 民主主義 is a noun meaning 'Democracy' (the ideology). 民主的 is the adjective 'Democratic'. You cannot say 'He is democracy'; you must say 'He is democratic'.
Forgetting the 'Na': Because it ends in 'teki', some learners treat it like an i-adjective. Never say '民主的本' (Wrong). Always use '民主的な本' (Right).

❌ 民主的の国 (Minshuteki no kuni)
✅ 民主的な国 (Minshuteki-na kuni)

Another mistake is using it to mean 'popular' or 'well-liked'. In English, we sometimes say a 'popular vote', but in Japanese, 民主的 specifically implies the *process* of democracy, not how many people like something. For popularity, use '人気がある' (ninki ga aru).

Depending on the nuance you want to convey, you might choose a different word. Here is how 民主的 compares to its neighbors.

公平 (Kouhei) - Fair/Impartial: Focuses on treating everyone equally. A democratic process is usually fair, but 'fair' doesn't necessarily mean there was a vote.
自由 (Jiyuu) - Free/Liberal: Often paired with 民主的 (自由民主的 - Liberal Democratic). 自由 focuses on the lack of restraint, while 民主的 focuses on the system of governance.
合議制 (Gougisei) - Council System: A more technical term for making decisions by consultation. It's a specific way to be democratic in a business setting.

その決定は民主的でしたが、必ずしも公平ではありませんでした。
(The decision was democratic, but it wasn't necessarily fair.)

How Formal Is It?

Dato curioso

The word 'Minshu' was once controversial in Imperial Japan because it suggested the Emperor wasn't the sole master.

Guía de pronunciación

UK min.ɕɯ.te.ki

US min.shu.te.ki

Heiban (Flat) style: Min-SHU-TE-KI (pitch stays level after the first mora).

Rima con

テキ (teki - target) ステキ (suteki - wonderful) コウテキ (kouteki - public) ホウテキ (houteki - legal) ガクテキ (gakuteki - academic) シテキ (shiteki - private) コウテキ (kouteki - ideal) ヒョウテキ (hyouteki - target)

Errores comunes

Pronouncing 'teki' like 'techy'.
Stress on the first syllable like English 'DEM-ocratic'.
Making the 'n' too long.

Nivel de dificultad

Lectura 3/5

Kanji are common but require knowledge of 'teki' suffix.

Escritura 4/5

Writing 'min' (民) and 'shu' (主) is easy, but 'teki' (的) has more strokes.

Expresión oral 2/5

Pronunciation is straightforward for English speakers.

Escucha 2/5

Clearly articulated in news and formal speech.

Qué aprender después

Requisitos previos

国民主的政治自由

Aprende después

民主主義独裁的公平選挙憲法

Avanzado

議院内閣制三権分立主権在民形骸化熟議

Gramática que debes saber

Na-Adjective Modifying Noun

民主的な社会

Adverbial form with 'ni'

民主的に決める

Negative form 'dewa nai'

民主的ではない

The suffix 'teki'

政治的、経済的、民主的

Desire form 'tai' with adjectives

民主的であってほしい

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Ejemplos por nivel

これは民主的なルールです。

This is a democratic rule.

Minshuteki-na modifies the noun 'Rule'.

民主的なリーダーが好きです。

I like democratic leaders.

A1 learners use simple 'S wa O ga suki desu' patterns.

日本は民主的な国ですか？

Is Japan a democratic country?

Simple question form.

この決め方は民主的ですね。

This way of deciding is democratic, isn't it?

Ending with 'ne' for agreement.

民主的なグループになりましょう。

Let's become a democratic group.

Using 'ni narimashou' (let's become).

学校は民主的な場所です。

School is a democratic place.

Simple A is B sentence.

民主的な考え方は大切です。

Democratic ways of thinking are important.

Minshuteki-na modifying 'kangaekata' (way of thinking).

民主的じゃないです。

It is not democratic.

Simple negative form 'janai desu'.

民主的な方法でリーダーを選びました。

We chose the leader in a democratic way.

Using 'de' to indicate method/means.

もっと民主的に話し合いましょう。

Let's discuss more democratically.

Adverbial 'ni' form + 'mashou'.

この会社はあまり民主的ではありません。

This company is not very democratic.

Formal negative 'dewa arimasen'.

民主的な社会を作るのは難しいです。

Creating a democratic society is difficult.

Using 'no wa' to turn a phrase into a subject.

あなたの意見は民主的だと思います。

I think your opinion is democratic.

Using 'to omoimasu' (I think).

民主的な国に住みたいです。

I want to live in a democratic country.

Using 'tai desu' for desire.

どちらが民主的なやり方ですか？

Which is the democratic way?

Using 'dochira' for choosing between two.

民主的なルールを守ってください。

Please follow the democratic rules.

Te-form + kudasai (request).

多くの人が、民主的なプロセスを重視しています。

Many people emphasize the democratic process.

Juushi shite iru (emphasizing/valuing).

民主的に決定されたことには、従わなければなりません。

We must follow things that have been decided democratically.

Passive voice 'kettei sareta' + 'nakereba narimasen'.

どうすればもっと民主的な組織になれますか？

How can we become a more democratic organization?

Potential form 'nareru' + question 'dou sureba'.

民主的な政治が、国民の生活を支えています。

Democratic politics support the lives of the citizens.

Sasaete iru (supporting).

彼は民主的なリーダーとして知られています。

He is known as a democratic leader.

To shite (as) + shirarete iru (is known).

民主的な手続きを経て、法律が作られました。

Through democratic procedures, the law was made.

Hete (through/after undergoing).

インターネットは、民主的な議論の場を提供しています。

The internet provides a space for democratic discussion.

Teikyou shite iru (providing).

民主的な価値観を子供たちに教えるべきです。

We should teach democratic values to children.

Beki desu (should).

民主的な社会では、少数派の意見も尊重されるべきだ。

In a democratic society, minority opinions should also be respected.

Sonchou sareru (be respected) + beki (should).

透明性の欠如は、民主的な運営を妨げる要因となる。

A lack of transparency becomes a factor that hinders democratic management.

Samatageru (hinder) + youin (factor).

我々は、民主的な手段によってのみ変革を目指すべきである。

We should aim for transformation only through democratic means.

Niyotte nomi (only by means of).

民主的な国家としての責任を果たす必要がある。

It is necessary to fulfill our responsibilities as a democratic nation.

Sekinin o hatasu (fulfill responsibility).

その決定プロセスは、およそ民主的とは言い難いものだった。

That decision process was hardly what one could call democratic.

Iigatayi (hard to say).

民主的な基盤を強化するために、教育を充実させる。

To strengthen the democratic foundation, we will enhance education.

Tame ni (in order to) + juujitsu saseru (enrich/enhance).

多様な意見を認めることが、民主的な文化の第一歩だ。

Recognizing diverse opinions is the first step toward a democratic culture.

Dai-ippo (first step).

民主的な選挙が公正に行われることを保証する。

We guarantee that democratic elections will be held fairly.

Hoshou suru (guarantee).

民主的な制度の形骸化が、現代社会の大きな課題となっている。

The hollowing out of democratic systems has become a major challenge for modern society.

Keigaika (becoming a mere shell/hollowing out).

言論の自由なくして、真に民主的な社会は成立し得ない。

Without freedom of speech, a truly democratic society cannot exist.

Nakushite (without) + seiritsu shi-enai (cannot exist/be established).

民主的な正当性を欠いた権力行使は、国民の反発を招く。

The exercise of power lacking democratic legitimacy invites public backlash.

Kaita (lacking) + hanpatsu o maneku (invite backlash).

グローバル化が進む中で、民主的なガバナンスの再定義が求められている。

Amid advancing globalization, a redefinition of democratic governance is required.

Sa-teigi (redefinition) + motomerarete iru (is being sought).

民主的な合意形成には、多大な時間と労力が必要とされる。

Democratic consensus-building requires a great deal of time and effort.

Goui-keisei (consensus building).

ポピュリズムの台頭は、民主的な秩序に対する脅威となり得る。

The rise of populism can become a threat to the democratic order.

Taitou (rise/emergence) + kyoui (threat).

民主的な手続きの透明性が、市民の信頼を勝ち取る鍵である。

The transparency of democratic procedures is the key to winning the trust of citizens.

Kachi-toru (to win/attain).

権力の分立は、民主的な体制を維持するための不可欠な要素だ。

The separation of powers is an indispensable element for maintaining a democratic system.

Fukatsu (indispensable) + taisei (system/regime).

民主的なレジティマシーの源泉は、主権者たる国民の意思に他ならない。

The source of democratic legitimacy is nothing other than the will of the people as sovereigns.

Ni hoka naranai (nothing but/none other than).

熟議民主的なアプローチが、分断された社会の修復に寄与する可能性がある。

A deliberative democratic approach may contribute to repairing a divided society.

Jukugi-minshuteki (deliberative democratic) + kiyo suru (contribute).

民主的なプロセスのオートメーション化は、アルゴリズムによる専制を招きかねない。

The automation of democratic processes could potentially lead to tyranny by algorithm.

Maneki-kanenai (could possibly lead to - negative).

法の支配と民主的な手続きの相克をいかに解消するかが、法哲学の命題である。

How to resolve the conflict between the rule of law and democratic procedures is a proposition of legal philosophy.

Soukoku (conflict/rivalry) + meidai (proposition).

民主的な言説空間の断片化は、共通の真実の喪失を意味する。

The fragmentation of the democratic discourse space signifies the loss of a common truth.

Gensetsu-kuukan (discourse space) + danpenka (fragmentation).

代議制民主的な枠組みを超えた、直接的な市民参加の模索が続いている。

The search for direct citizen participation beyond the representative democratic framework continues.

Daigisei (representative system) + mosaku (groping/searching).

民主的な規範が内面化されていない社会において、制度の導入は空虚なものとなる。

In societies where democratic norms are not internalized, the introduction of systems becomes hollow.

Naimenka (internalization) + kuukyo (hollow/empty).

技術革新が民主的なプラットフォームを再構築し、権力の分散を加速させる。

Technological innovation reconstructs democratic platforms and accelerates the decentralization of power.

Sa-kouchiku (reconstruction) + bunsan (decentralization).

Colocaciones comunes

民主的な手続き

民主的な社会

民主的なリーダーシップ

民主的な国家

民主的な改革

民主的な運営

民主的な選挙

民主的なプロセス

民主的な議論

民主的な価値観

Frases Comunes

民主的に決める

— To decide something through a democratic process.

多数決で民主的に決めよう。

民主的なやり方

— A democratic way of doing things.

それは民主的なやり方ではない。

非民主的

— Undemocratic; the prefix 'hi' makes it negative.

非民主的な行為を批判する。

民主的な権利

— Democratic rights, like voting or free speech.

民主的な権利を守るために戦う。

民主的な雰囲気

— A democratic atmosphere (where people feel free to speak).

この職場は民主的な雰囲気がある。

民主的な制度

— Democratic systems or institutions.

民主的な制度を維持するのは大変だ。

民主的なルール

— Democratic rules.

民主的なルールに従って行動する。

民主的な市民

— Democratic citizens.

民主的な市民としての自覚を持つ。

民主的な組織

— A democratic organization.

民主的な組織作りを推進する。

民主的な文化

— A democratic culture.

民主的な文化が根付いている。

Se confunde a menudo con

民主的 vs 民主主義

This is the noun (Democracy). 民主的 is the adjective (Democratic).

民主的 vs 人気

Sometimes confused with 'popular'. 民主的 is about the process, not the popularity.

民主的 vs 自由

Freedom. While related, they are not the same; a group can be democratic but have strict rules.

Modismos y expresiones

"民主主義の学校"

— Often used to refer to local government, where people learn democracy.

地方自治は民主主義の学校である。

Academic/Political

"数の暴力"

— The 'tyranny of the majority'; when a democratic vote is used to bully.

それは民主的ではなく、数の暴力だ。

Critical

"声なき声"

— The 'voiceless voices'; people whose opinions aren't heard in a democracy.

民主的な政治は声なき声を聞くべきだ。

Political

"草の根民主主義"

— Grassroots democracy.

草の根民主主義がこの町を変えた。

Social

"看板倒れ"

— A facade; when something claims to be democratic but isn't.

彼の民主的な態度は看板倒れだった。

Informal

"鶴の一声"

— The voice of authority that overrides democracy (opposite).

民主的な議論も、最後は鶴の一声で決まった。

Idiomatic

"丸く収める"

— To settle things peacefully (often via democratic consensus).

民主的に話し合って丸く収めた。

General

"腹を割って話す"

— To speak honestly (essential for a democratic process).

民主的な解決のために腹を割って話そう。

Informal

"風通しが良い"

— Good ventilation; used for a transparent/democratic organization.

ここは民主的で風通しが良い職場だ。

Business

"独壇場"

— One's own stage/monopoly (opposite of democratic participation).

会議が彼の独壇場になり、民主的ではなかった。

General

Fácil de confundir

民主的 vs 民衆的

Sounds similar (Minshuteki vs Minshūteki).

Minshūteki (民衆的) means 'of the common people' or 'popular/folk', while Minshuteki (民主的) means 'democratic'.

民衆的な歌 (A folk song) vs 民主的な選挙 (A democratic election).

民主的 vs 公平

Both imply fairness.

公平 is about equal treatment; 民主的 is about the system of collective decision making.

公平な分配 (Fair distribution) vs 民主的な議論 (Democratic discussion).

Patrones de oraciones

Nは民主的です。

このルールは民主的です。

民主的なN

民主的なリーダー

民主的にV

民主的に決める

民主的ではない

それは民主的ではない。

民主的なNを重視する

民主的なプロセスを重視する。

民主的と言える

これは民主的と言える。

民主的なNを欠く

民主的な正当性を欠く。

民主的なNの形骸化

民主的な制度の形骸化。

Familia de palabras

Sustantivos

民主主義 (Democracy)

民主化 (Democratization)

民主党 (Democratic Party)

Verbos

民主化する (To democratize)

Adjetivos

民主的な (Democratic)

Relacionado

国民 (Citizens)

選挙 (Election)

自由 (Freedom)

平等 (Equality)

主権 (Sovereignty)

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Cómo usarlo

frequency

Common in media, education, and professional discourse.

Errores comunes

民主的なの社会 → 民主的な社会
You don't need 'no' after 'na'.
彼は民主主義です → 彼は民主的です
Use the adjective for people, not the noun ideology.
民主的ルール → 民主的なルール
Forgetting the 'na' particle.
民主的にの解決 → 民主的な解決
Confusing the adverbial 'ni' with the adjective 'na'.
民主的だ人 → 民主的な人
Using 'da' instead of 'na' to modify a noun.

Consejos

The 'Na' Rule

Always use 'na' before a noun. '民主的な国' is correct. '民主的国' is incorrect.

Workplace Use

Use it to suggest a fairer way to make decisions in meetings.

Learn the Prefix

Adding '非' (hi-) makes it 'undemocratic' (非民主的).

Consensus vs. Majority

In Japan, 'democratic' often leans towards finding consensus rather than just a 51% majority vote.

Kanji Recognition

Recognize '民' (people) as the first character in many words related to the public.

Stroke Order

Pay attention to the stroke order of '的' to keep your handwriting neat.

News Context

When you hear 'minshuteki', expect to hear words like 'senkyo' (election) or 'seiji' (politics) next.

Pitch Accent

The pitch is flat. Don't stress the 'shu'.

Link to English

Link 'Minshu' to 'Democracy' immediately. They are direct conceptual equivalents.

Compound Words

Learn '民主化' (democratization) as a related verb.

Memorízalo

Mnemotecnia

MIN (People) + SHU (Master) + TEKI (Target/Like). The PEOPLE are the MASTER-LIKE figures.

Asociación visual

Imagine a group of people standing in a circle, all holding a piece of a crown.

Word Web

VOTE FAIR PEOPLE FREEDOM RIGHTS EQUAL OPEN VOICE

Desafío

Try to describe your favorite movie's plot. Was the hero's team democratic or did the hero do everything alone?

Origen de la palabra

Coined in the Meiji era as a translation for Western political concepts. 'Minshu' (People-Master) was chosen to represent 'Demos' + 'Kratos'.

Significado original: A state where the people rule.

Sino-Japanese (Kango).

Contexto cultural

Avoid using it to criticize the Imperial family, as it can be a politically sensitive topic for some.

Westerners might assume 'democratic' only applies to voting, but in Japan, it often implies 'consensus-based'.

The Japanese Constitution (Article 1) Taisho Democracy movement Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ)

Practica en la vida real

Contextos reales

Politics

民主的な選挙
民主的な制度
民主的な改革
民主的な国家

Workplace

民主的なリーダーシップ
民主的な運営
民主的な議論
民主的な雰囲気

Education

民主的な市民
民主的なルール
民主的なクラス
民主的な教育

Social Movements

民主的な権利
民主的なプロセス
民主的な変革
民主的な活動

Personal Relationships

民主的に決める
民主的なやり方
民主的な話し合い
民主的な関係

Inicios de conversación

"あなたの職場は民主的ですか？ (Is your workplace democratic?)"

"民主的なリーダーとは、どんな人だと思いますか？ (What kind of person do you think a democratic leader is?)"

"家族の中で、民主的なルールはありますか？ (Are there democratic rules in your family?)"

"SNSは民主的な議論に役立っていると思いますか？ (Do you think SNS is helpful for democratic discussion?)"

"民主的な社会を作るために、私たちができることは何ですか？ (What can we do to create a democratic society?)"

Temas para diario

今日、あなたが経験した「民主的ではない」出来事について書いてください。 (Write about an 'undemocratic' event you experienced today.)

もしあなたが新しい国のリーダーなら、どんな民主的な制度を作りますか？ (If you were the leader of a new country, what democratic systems would you create?)

「公平」と「民主的」の違いについて、あなたの考えを述べてください。 (State your thoughts on the difference between 'fair' and 'democratic'.)

民主的な話し合いで解決した問題の例を挙げてください。 (Give an example of a problem solved through democratic discussion.)

民主主義の課題について、日本語で自分の意見をまとめてみましょう。 (Try to summarize your opinion on the challenges of democracy in Japanese.)

Preguntas frecuentes

10 preguntas

Yes, it is very common in news, school, and business contexts. It is a standard word for describing fairness and participation.

Yes, you can call someone a '民主的なリーダー' (democratic leader) if they listen to others and value consensus.

Usually, yes. However, in some business contexts, it might be used slightly negatively to imply that a process is too slow because too many people are involved.

The most direct opposite is 独裁的 (dokusai-teki), which means dictatorial or autocratic.

You can say '非民主的' (hi-minshuteki) or '民主的ではない' (minshuteki dewa nai).

Yes, a '民主的な家庭' (democratic household) is one where children have a say in family decisions.

民主主義的 is more academic and specifically refers to the ideology of democracy. 民主的 is more general and used in daily life.

It functions like '-ic' or '-al' in English, turning the noun 'minshu' into an adjective.

It is written as 民主的. 民 (people), 主 (master), 的 (suffix).

Not typically, but people might use it ironically if a group is taking too long to make a simple decision by voting on everything.

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