A1 Sentence Structure 16 min read Fácil

Negación Corta con 안 (No)

Solo pon «안» justo antes de tu verbo para decir que no, pero recuerda que con los verbos de acción que terminan en «하다», el «안» se mete en medio como un sándwich.

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

To make a sentence negative, simply place '안' directly before the verb or adjective.

  • Place '안' before the verb: 안 먹어요 (I don't eat).
  • Place '안' before the adjective: 안 예뻐요 (It is not pretty).
  • For 'noun + 하다' verbs, place '안' before '하다': 공부 안 해요 (I don't study).
안 + [Verb/Adjective]

Overview

¿Conoces ese momento en el que ya estás lleno en un K-BBQ, pero el camarero intenta darte más acompañamientos? Necesitas una forma rápida de decir
No, no como eso
. Aquí entra (an).
Es la forma más rápida y fácil de decir no en coreano hablado. A diferencia del español, donde usamos no antes del verbo, funciona de manera muy similar pero tiene sus trucos.

Word Order Rules

En español decimos
Yo no voy
. La palabra negativa va antes del verbo. En coreano es igual, se coloca justo delante del verbo o adjetivo.
  • Español: Sujeto + NO + Verbo
  • Coreano: Sujeto + + Verbo
Piensa en como un portero de discoteca parado frente al club (el verbo), bloqueando la acción.

How This Grammar Works

Este patrón funciona para casi cualquier situación: pasado, presente o futuro. Simplemente colocas inmediatamente antes de la palabra conjugada.
  • Presente: No voy. → + 가요 = 안 가요
  • Pasado: No fui. → + 갔어요 = 안 갔어요
  • Adjetivo: No es grande. → + 커요 = 안 커요

Formation Pattern

1
La fórmula es engañosamente simple. Solo añade y un espacio antes del verbo.
2
Toma tu verbo base (ej. 마시다 - beber).
3
Conjúgalo (ej. 마셔요).
4
Pon delante.

Pattern Variations

Aquí está la curva que confunde a todos: Verbos 하다 (hada).
Muchos verbos coreanos son combinaciones de Sustantivo + 하다 (hacer). Cuando niegas estos verbos de acción, debes separarlos. tiene que meterse entre el sustantivo y 하다.
  • Mal: 안 요리해요 (X)
  • Bien: 요리 해요 (O) - (Literalmente: Cocina no hago)
Excepción de la excepción: Si la palabra 하다 es un adjetivo, no lo separas.
  • 피곤하다 (cansado) → 안 피곤해요 (No estoy cansado).

Real Conversations

Escenario 1: Ignorando un mensaje

Minji: 너 왜 답장 안 해? (¿Por qué no respondes?)

Suho: 폰 안 봤어. 바빴어. (No miré el móvil. Estaba ocupado.)

Common Mistakes

¡No caigas en estas trampas!
  1. 1Usar con 있다 (tener/haber). No puedes decir 안 있어요. Lo opuesto es 없다.
  2. 2Usar con 알다 (saber). Lo opuesto es 모르다.
  3. 3Separar adjetivos. 깨끗하다 se convierte en 안 깨끗해요.

Quick FAQ

P: ¿Puedo usar esto en una entrevista de trabajo?
R: Es arriesgado. es coloquial. En situaciones formales, usa la forma más larga -지 않습니다.
P: ¿Es lo mismo que no poder?
R: ¡No! significa que no lo haces (voluntad). Si no puedes hacerlo (habilidad), usa .

Negation Formation

Type Affirmative Negative
Verb
먹다 (eat)
안 먹다 (not eat)
Adjective
예쁘다 (pretty)
안 예쁘다 (not pretty)
Noun+하다
공부하다 (study)
공부 안 하다 (not study)

Meanings

The adverb '안' is used to negate the action or state expressed by the following verb or adjective.

1

General Negation

Negating a simple action or state.

“안 가요 (I'm not going)”

“안 좋아요 (It's not good)”

Reference Table

Reference table for Negación Corta con 안 (No)
Tipo Palabra Base Negación Correcta Significado
Verbo Regular
가다 (ir)
안 가요
No voy
Adjetivo
크다 (grande)
안 커요
No es grande
Acción 하다
공부하다 (estudiar)
공부 안 해요
No estudio
Adjetivo 하다
유명하다 (famoso)
안 유명해요
No es famoso
Irregular
있다 (tener)
없어요
No tengo (Usa 없다)
Irregular
알다 (saber)
몰라요
No sé (Usa 모르다)

Espectro de formalidad

Formal
저는 먹지 않습니다.

저는 먹지 않습니다. (General)

Neutral
안 먹어요.

안 먹어요. (General)

Informal
안 먹어.

안 먹어. (General)

Jerga
안 먹어!

안 먹어! (General)

Los tres caminos de 'An'

안 (No)

Verbos Regulares

  • 안 + 가요 No voy
  • 안 + 먹어요 No como

Acciones 'Hada' (Separar)

  • 요리 + 안 + 해요 No cocino
  • 운동 + 안 + 해요 No hago ejercicio

Adjetivos

  • 안 + 커요 No es grande
  • 안 + 피곤해요 No estoy cansado

Acción vs. Descripción con 'Hada'

Verbo de Acción (¡Sepáralo!)
공부하다 Estudiar
공부 안 해요 No estudio
Adjetivo (¡Déjalo junto!)
피곤하다 Cansado
안 피곤해요 No estoy cansado

¿Dónde pongo el 'An'?

1

¿Es un verbo 'Hada'?

YES
Revisa el significado
NO
Pon 'An' delante (안 가요)
2

¿Es una ACCIÓN?

YES
Sepáralo (요리 안 해요)
NO
Pon 'An' delante (안 유명해요)

Zonas de peligro en la negación

Seguro usar 'An'

  • 가다
  • 먹다
  • 자다
  • 입다

DEBES usar palabra especial

  • 있다 (usa 없다)
  • 알다 (usa 모르다)
✂️

DEBES separar

  • 수영하다
  • 운전하다
  • 산책하다

Ejemplos por nivel

1

저는 안 먹어요.

I don't eat.

2

안 예뻐요.

It's not pretty.

3

안 가요.

I'm not going.

4

공부 안 해요.

I don't study.

1

오늘 학교에 안 가요.

I'm not going to school today.

2

이 음식은 안 매워요.

This food is not spicy.

3

저는 운동 안 해요.

I don't exercise.

4

그 영화 안 봤어요.

I didn't watch that movie.

1

바빠서 전화를 안 받았어요.

I didn't answer the phone because I was busy.

2

그 사람은 약속을 안 지켜요.

That person doesn't keep their promises.

3

날씨가 안 좋아서 집에 있어요.

The weather is not good, so I'm staying home.

4

저는 커피를 안 마셔요.

I don't drink coffee.

1

그 제안은 별로 안 매력적이에요.

That proposal is not very attractive.

2

준비가 안 됐으면 나중에 해요.

If you're not ready, let's do it later.

3

생각보다 안 어려워요.

It's not as difficult as I thought.

4

그는 실수를 안 하려고 노력해요.

He tries not to make mistakes.

1

그의 태도는 전혀 안 진지해요.

His attitude is not serious at all.

2

상황이 안 좋게 돌아가고 있어요.

The situation is not turning out well.

3

그녀는 안 가겠다고 고집을 부려요.

She insists that she won't go.

4

결과가 안 좋더라도 실망하지 마세요.

Even if the result is not good, don't be disappointed.

1

그는 안 가느니만 못한 선택을 했다.

He made a choice that was worse than not going.

2

안 하느니만 못한 소리 하지 마세요.

Don't say things that are better left unsaid.

3

그의 안색이 안 좋아 보여요.

His complexion doesn't look good.

4

안타깝게도 계획대로 안 됐어요.

Unfortunately, it didn't go according to plan.

Fácil de confundir

Short Negation with 안 (Don't/Not) vs 안 vs 못

Both negate, but '안' is choice, '못' is inability.

Short Negation with 안 (Don't/Not) vs 안 vs 없다

Both mean 'not', but '없다' is for existence.

Short Negation with 안 (Don't/Not) vs 안 vs ~지 않다

Both mean 'not', but register differs.

Errores comunes

안 가요

안 가요

This is correct, but beginners often put it at the end.

안 있어요

없어요

Some verbs have unique negative forms.

안 공부해요

공부 안 해요

Noun+하다 verbs must be split.

안 예뻐요

안 예뻐요

Correct, but ensure the adjective is in the right form.

안 먹었요

안 먹었어요

Negation must match the tense.

안 알아요

몰라요

Know/Don't know is a special pair.

안 가고 싶어요

안 가고 싶어요

Correct, but watch for complex structures.

안 해요 공부

공부 안 해요

Word order is strict.

안 가시나요?

안 가시나요?

Honorifics must be handled correctly.

안 먹는 것이에요

안 먹어요

Avoid over-complicating.

안 하느니

안 하느니

Grammar is correct, but register is wrong.

안 가고 싶지 않아요

안 가고 싶어요

Double negatives are confusing.

안 먹는다고 해요

안 먹는다고 해요

Reported speech requires care.

Patrones de oraciones

저는 ___ 안 해요.

이거 ___ 안 매워요.

어제 ___ 안 갔어요.

저는 ___ 안 마셔요.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

안 가!

Ordering Food very common

안 매운 거 주세요.

Job Interview occasional

그런 경험은 없습니다.

Travel common

안 멀어요?

Social Media common

안 가요~

Delivery App common

안 매워요.

⚠️

La trampa del 'Hada'

¡Ojo! Si es una acción como 'hacer ejercicio', sepáralo: «운동 안 해요». Pero si describe un sentimiento como 'ser feliz', déjalo junto: «안 행복해요».
🎯

Corto vs. Largo

Si quieres sonar más formal, usa la forma larga '-지 않아요'. Por ahora, «안 가요» es perfecto para charlar con amigos.
💬

Suaviza el rechazo

Decir un «안 해요» rotundo puede sonar un poco fuerte. Los coreanos a veces usan «못» (no poder) para sonar más amables: «못 해요».

Smart Tips

Always split it!

안 공부해요 공부 안 해요

Switch to '지 않다'.

안 먹어요 먹지 않아요

Use '없다'.

안 있어요 없어요

Use '못' instead of '안'.

안 가요 (I don't want to go) 못 가요 (I can't go)

Pronunciación

an-eo-yeo-yo

Linking

The 'n' sound in '안' often links to the next vowel.

Flat

안 가요 →

Neutral statement

Memorízalo

Mnemotecnia

Think of '안' as a 'Stop' sign. It stops the action from happening.

Asociación visual

Imagine a big '안' sign blocking a door. You cannot walk through the door because the '안' sign is in the way.

Rhyme

Put '안' in front, don't be slow, it makes the verb a 'no-go'!

Story

Min-su wanted to eat, but the fridge was empty. He looked at the food and said '안 먹어!' (I'm not eating!). He then looked at his books and said '공부 안 해!' (I'm not studying!). He decided to just sleep instead.

Word Web

먹다가다하다예쁘다좋다공부운동

Desafío

For the next 5 minutes, look at objects around you and say '안 [adjective]' for things that aren't true (e.g., '안 커요' for a small pen).

Notas culturales

Used universally in daily life.

Often uses '안' but with different sentence endings.

Sometimes '안' is omitted in very fast texting.

Derived from the Middle Korean '아니' (ani).

Inicios de conversación

오늘 학교에 가요?

이거 매워요?

커피 마실래요?

운동 좋아해요?

Temas para diario

Write 3 things you don't do on weekends.
Describe a food you don't like.
Write about a habit you want to stop.
Explain why you didn't do something yesterday.

Errores comunes

Incorrect

Correcto


Incorrect

Correcto


Incorrect

Correcto


Incorrect

Correcto

Test Yourself

Completa la frase para que signifique 'No compro'.

저는 옷을 ___ 사요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
Para decir simplemente que 'no' haces algo, coloca «안» antes del verbo.
Ordena las palabras para decir 'No hago ejercicio'.

Ordena estas palabras:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 저는 운동 안 해요
«운동하다» es un verbo de acción, así que debemos separarlo: sustantivo + «안» + «해요».
Selecciona la negación correcta para 'limpio' (깨끗하다).

¿Cuál oración es correcta?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 방이 안 깨끗해요.
«깨끗하다» es un adjetivo, no una acción. Los adjetivos no se separan; «안» va al principio.

Score: /3

Ejercicios de practica

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

저는 커피를 ___ 마셔요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
Use '안' for negation.
Choose the correct form. Opción múltiple

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 공부 안 해요
Noun+하다 split.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

안 있어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 없어요
Use '없다' for existence.
Make negative. Sentence Transformation

가요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 안 가요
Place '안' before verb.
Match the negative. Match Pairs

먹어요 -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 안 먹어요
Match the verb.
Choose the correct negative. Opción múltiple

예뻐요 -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 안 예뻐요
Adjective negation.
Fill in the blank.

저는 운동 ___ 해요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
Split Noun+하다.
Order the words. Sentence Building

안 / 가요 / 오늘

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 오늘 안 가요
Time usually goes first.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Niega el verbo 'beber' (마시다). Completar huecos

우유를 ___ 마셔요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
Elige la forma negativa correcta de '자다' (dormir). Opción múltiple

¿Cuál es la correcta?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 안 자요
Corrige el error en esta oración. Error Correction

저는 안 있어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 저는 없어요.
Haz esta oración negativa: 'Hoy no cocino'. Sentence Reorder

Ordena las palabras:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 오늘 요리 안 해요
Une la palabra positiva con su forma negativa. Match Pairs

Une las parejas:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {"\uac00\ub2e4":"\uc548 \uac00\ub2e4","\uc54c\ub2e4":"\ubaa8\ub974\ub2e4","\uc788\ub2e4":"\uc5c6\ub2e4","\ud558\ub2e4":"\uc548 \ud558\ub2e4"}
Traduce 'No me gusta' (usando 좋아하다). Traducción

Traduce al coreano:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 안 좋아해요
Niega el tiempo pasado. Completar huecos

어제 학교에 ___ 갔어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
¿Qué negación de adjetivo es correcta? Opción múltiple

No es barato (싸다).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 안 싸요
Corrige el uso del adjetivo con '하다'. Error Correction

No es simple (간단하다).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 안 간단해요
Crea la frase: 'No me encuentro con amigos'. Sentence Reorder

Ordena:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 친구를 안 만나요

Score: /10

Preguntas frecuentes (8)

Almost, but not for verbs like '있다'.

Directly before the verb or adjective.

It's neutral. Use '~지 않다' for formal.

Because '공부' is a noun and '하다' is the verb.

Yes, but formal writing prefers '지 않다'.

It sounds very unnatural.

It's an adverb meaning 'not'.

Use '몰라요', not '안 알아요'.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish high

No + verb

Spanish 'no' is used for everything; Korean has '안' and '못'.

French moderate

ne...pas

Korean '안' is a single word.

German moderate

nicht

Korean '안' is placed before the verb.

Japanese moderate

~nai

Korean '안' is a prefix/adverb.

Chinese high

bu

Chinese has specific tones.

Arabic moderate

la

Arabic negation changes based on tense.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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