A1 Adjectives 1 min read آسان

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

In Bulgarian, you don't always need a verb like 'is' to describe something; just place the adjective after the subject.

  • Use the short form of the adjective after the noun: 'Той е добър' (He is good).
  • Adjectives must agree in gender and number with the noun they describe.
  • In the present tense, the verb 'съм' (to be) is often used, but can be omitted in casual speech.
Subject + (съм) + Adjective

Meanings

Adjectives function as the main descriptor of a subject, often following the verb 'съм' (to be).

1

Descriptive State

Describing the quality of a noun.

“Масата е голяма.”

“Човекът е висок.”

Adjective Gender Agreement

Gender Ending Example (Good)
Masculine - (consonant) добър
Feminine добра
Neuter добро
Plural добри

Reference Table

Reference table for Adjectives as Predicates
Form Structure Example
Affirmative Subject + е + Adj Той е добър.
Negative Subject + не е + Adj Той не е добър.
Question Subject + Adj + ли е? Той добър ли е?
Plural Subject + са + Adj Те са добри.
Past Subject + беше + Adj Той беше добър.
Future Subject + ще бъде + Adj Той ще бъде добър.

طیف رسمیت

رسمی
Филмът е интересен.

Филмът е интересен. (Talking about a movie)

خنثی
Филмът е интересен.

Филмът е интересен. (Talking about a movie)

غیر رسمی
Филмът е интересен.

Филмът е интересен. (Talking about a movie)

عامیانه
Филмът е як.

Филмът е як. (Talking about a movie)

Gender Agreement Map

Noun

Masculine

  • висок tall

Feminine

  • висока tall

Neuter

  • високо tall

Examples by Level

1

Той е висок.

He is tall.

2

Тя е добра.

She is good.

3

Детето е малко.

The child is small.

4

Къщата е нова.

The house is new.

1

Те са щастливи.

They are happy.

2

Той не е уморен.

He is not tired.

3

Тя щастлива ли е?

Is she happy?

4

Цветята са красиви.

The flowers are beautiful.

1

Времето изглежда прекрасно.

The weather seems wonderful.

2

Той става нервен.

He is becoming nervous.

3

Тя се чувства уверена.

She feels confident.

4

Резултатът е напълно ясен.

The result is completely clear.

1

Той се оказа изключително подготвен.

He turned out to be extremely prepared.

2

Ситуацията остава неясна.

The situation remains unclear.

3

Тя изглеждаше по-спокойна от обикновено.

She looked calmer than usual.

4

Това решение е политически мотивирано.

This decision is politically motivated.

1

Той се прояви като извънредно проницателен наблюдател.

He proved to be an exceptionally insightful observer.

2

Твърдението му звучи неубедително.

His claim sounds unconvincing.

3

Всичко това е крайно съмнително.

All of this is highly questionable.

4

Тя се оказа неочаквано проницателна.

She turned out to be unexpectedly insightful.

1

Поведението му бе счетено за крайно непристойно.

His behavior was deemed highly inappropriate.

2

Той се оказа не само ерудиран, но и изключително скромен.

He turned out to be not only erudite but also extremely humble.

3

Решението се оказа съдбоносно за бъдещето на проекта.

The decision proved fateful for the project's future.

4

Тя остана непоколебима в своите убеждения.

She remained unwavering in her convictions.

Easily Confused

Adjectives as Predicates در مقابل Attributive vs Predicative

Learners mix up when to add the definite article.

Adjectives as Predicates در مقابل Adjective vs Adverb

Learners use adverbs as predicates.

Adjectives as Predicates در مقابل Gender Agreement

Learners use masculine for everything.

اشتباهات رایج

Масата е голям.

Масата е голяма.

Table is feminine, so it needs -а.

Той е щастлив.

Той е щастлив.

Correct.

Книга е добра.

Книгата е добра.

Need definite article.

Дете е малко.

Детето е малко.

Need definite article.

Те са щастлив.

Те са щастливи.

Plural needs -и.

Ние сме уморен.

Ние сме уморени.

Plural needs -и.

Къщи са големи.

Къщите са големи.

Need article.

Той изглежда щастливо.

Той изглежда щастлив.

Adjective must match subject, not adverb.

Тя става уморено.

Тя става уморена.

Gender mismatch.

Това е много добре.

Това е много добро.

Agreement with 'това'.

Той се прояви като умен.

Той се прояви като умен.

Correct.

Тя се оказа изморен.

Тя се оказа изморена.

Gender mismatch.

Те бяха счетени за умен.

Те бяха счетени за умни.

Plural agreement.

Решението е крайно съмнителен.

Решението е крайно съмнително.

Neuter agreement.

Sentence Patterns

___ е ___.

___ не е ___.

___ ___ ли е?

Те са ___.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

Супер е!

Job Interview common

Аз съм мотивиран.

Travel common

Хотелът е хубав.

Food Delivery very common

Пицата е студена.

Social Media constant

Снимката е уникална!

Ordering Coffee very common

Кафето е силно.

💡

Gender Check

Always look at the last letter of the noun. If it's a consonant, it's masculine.
⚠️

Don't use adverbs

Don't say 'Той е добре' (He is well) when you mean 'He is good' (Той е добър).
🎯

Plural endings

Almost all plural adjectives end in -и.
💬

Casual speech

In very casual speech, Bulgarians sometimes drop the 'е' (is), but don't do this as a beginner!

Smart Tips

Check if they are male or female first.

Той е добра. Той е добър.

Always use the -и ending.

Те са добър. Те са добри.

Keep 'не' attached to the verb.

Той е не добър. Той не е добър.

Use 'ли' after the adjective.

Ли той е добър? Той добър ли е?

تلفظ

висок -> високи

Stress

Stress can change in plural forms.

Question

Той добър ли е? ↑

Rising intonation at the end.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Remember 'G-A-O-I': Good (Masculine), A (Feminine), O (Neuter), I (Plural).

Visual Association

Imagine a man (no ending), a woman with an 'A' hat, a child with an 'O' ball, and a group with an 'I' sign.

Rhyme

Masculine is plain and free, feminine ends in A, neuter in O, and plural in I.

Story

Ivan is tall (висок). Maria is tall (висока). The child is tall (високо). They are all tall (високи).

Word Web

високдобрахубавощастливиголяммалка

چالش

Describe 5 objects in your room using the correct gender endings.

نکات فرهنگی

Bulgarians often use adjectives to express strong opinions in social settings.

Derived from Proto-Slavic adjectival forms.

Conversation Starters

Как е времето днес?

Какъв е твоят приятел?

Как ти се струва този филм?

Какви са хората в България?

Journal Prompts

Describe your best friend.
Describe your favorite city.
Describe how you feel today.
Describe a difficult situation you faced.

Test Yourself

Fill in the correct adjective form.

Масата е ___ (голям).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: голяма
Masculine noun.
Choose the correct sentence. چند گزینه‌ای

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Той е добър.
Masculine agreement.
Correct the mistake. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Детето е щастлив.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Детето е щастливо.
Neuter agreement.
Build the sentence. Sentence Building

Те / са / красиви.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Те са красиви.
Standard word order.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

А: Как е кафето? Б: Кафето е ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: горещо
Neuter agreement.
Sort by gender. Grammar Sorting

Which is feminine?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: добра
Feminine ending.
Conjugate the adjective. Conjugation Drill

Тя е ___ (умен).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: умна
Feminine agreement.
Match the noun to the adjective. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: интересна
Gender match.

Score: /8

تمرین‌های عملی

8 exercises
Fill in the correct adjective form.

Масата е ___ (голям).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: голяма
Masculine noun.
Choose the correct sentence. چند گزینه‌ای

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Той е добър.
Masculine agreement.
Correct the mistake. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Детето е щастлив.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Детето е щастливо.
Neuter agreement.
Build the sentence. Sentence Building

Те / са / красиви.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Те са красиви.
Standard word order.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

А: Как е кафето? Б: Кафето е ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: горещо
Neuter agreement.
Sort by gender. Grammar Sorting

Which is feminine?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: добра
Feminine ending.
Conjugate the adjective. Conjugation Drill

Тя е ___ (умен).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: умна
Feminine agreement.
Match the noun to the adjective. Match Pairs

Книгата (fem) - ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: интересна
Gender match.

Score: /8

سوالات متداول (8)

In formal writing, yes. In casual speech, it can sometimes be omitted, but keep it for now.

Bulgarian uses gender agreement to show which noun is being described.

Look at the last letter: consonant = masc, -а = fem, -о = neuter.

No, plural always ends in -и.

No, 'добре' is an adverb (well). Use 'добър' for 'good'.

Put 'не' before the verb 'е'.

Some nouns have irregular genders, but the adjective rules remain the same.

Describe everything you see around you!

In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

Ser + Adjetivo

Spanish has gender, but Bulgarian gender is tied to noun endings.

French moderate

Être + Adjectif

French agreement is often silent in speech.

German moderate

Sein + Adjektiv

German predicative adjectives are indeclinable.

Japanese low

Desu + Adjective

Japanese adjectives conjugate differently.

Arabic low

Nominal sentence

Arabic has a dual number.

Chinese low

Subject + Adjective

Chinese has no gender or number.

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