B1 Honorifics & Register 1 min read متوسط

Levels of Politeness: Tui, Tumi, Apni (তুই, তুমি, আপনি)

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Bengali uses three distinct versions of 'you' based on social distance, age, and intimacy, each requiring unique verb endings.

  • Use 'Apni' (আপনি) for elders, strangers, and professionals with verbs ending in -en (e.g., koren).
  • Use 'Tumi' (তুমি) for friends, family, and peers with verbs ending in -o (e.g., koro).
  • Use 'Tui' (তুই) only for very close friends or children with verbs ending in -is (e.g., koris).
👤 (Status/Age) ➔ {তুই | তুমি | আপনি} + Verb-Suffix (-ইশ/-ও/-এন)

Present Tense Conjugation for 'To Do' (করা - Kora)

Level Pronoun Verb Form Suffix Example
Formal
আপনি (Apni)
করেন (Koren)
-েন (-en)
আপনি করেন
Familiar
তুমি (Tumi)
করো (Koro)
-ো (-o)
তুমি করো
Intimate
তুই (Tui)
করিস (Koris)
-িস (-is)
তুই করিস
Formal (3rd)
উনি (Uni)
করেন (Koren)
-েন (-en)
উনি করেন
Neutral (3rd)
ও (O)
করে (Kore)
-ে (-e)
ও করে

Possessive Forms (Your)

Level Pronoun Possessive Form English
Formal
আপনি
আপনার (Apnar)
Your (Respectful)
Familiar
তুমি
তোমার (Tomar)
Your (Familiar)
Intimate
তুই
তোর (Tor)
Your (Intimate)

Meanings

The Bengali honorific system categorizes social relationships into three tiers: Very Informal (Tui), Informal/Neutral (Tumi), and Formal/Respectful (Apni). This choice dictates the pronoun used and the specific conjugation of the accompanying verb.

1

Apni (আপনি) - The Respectful Tier

Used for anyone older than the speaker, people in higher professional positions, strangers, and in formal writing. It signals 'Bhadralok' (gentlemanly) politeness.

“আপনি কি চা খাবেন? (Would you like some tea?)”

“আপনি এখানে বসুন। (Please sit here.)”

2

Tumi (তুমি) - The Familiar Tier

Used for friends, cousins of similar age, siblings, and sometimes by elders addressing younger people affectionately. It is the 'standard' informal level.

“তুমি কি করছো? (What are you doing?)”

“তুমি কাল এসো। (You come tomorrow.)”

3

Tui (তুই) - The Intimate Tier

Reserved for very close childhood friends, younger siblings, or children. It can also be used pejoratively to show extreme disrespect or anger to a stranger.

“তুই কোথায় যাচ্ছিস? (Where are you going?)”

“তুই এটা করিস না। (Don't do this.)”

Reference Table

Reference table for Levels of Politeness: Tui, Tumi, Apni (তুই, তুমি, আপনি)
Type Apni (Formal) Tumi (Familiar) Tui (Intimate)
Subject Pronoun
আপনি (Apni)
তুমি (Tumi)
তুই (Tui)
Object Pronoun
আপনাকে (Apnake)
তোমাকে (Tomake)
তোকে (Toke)
Possessive
আপনার (Apnar)
তোমার (Tomar)
তোর (Tor)
Present Verb
যান (Jan)
যাও (Jao)
যাস (Jash)
Past Verb
গিয়েছিলেন (Giyechilen)
গিয়েছিলে (Giyechile)
গিয়েছিলি (Giyechili)
Future Verb
যাবেন (Jaben)
যাবে (Jabe)
যাবি (Jabi)
Imperative
করুন (Korun)
করো (Koro)
কর (Kor)
Negative
করেন না (Koren na)
করো না (Koro na)
করিস না (Koris na)

طیف رسمیت

رسمی
আপনি কি করছেন?

আপনি কি করছেন? (General inquiry)

خنثی
তুমি কি করছো?

তুমি কি করছো? (General inquiry)

غیر رسمی
তুই কি করছিস?

তুই কি করছিস? (General inquiry)

عامیانه
কিরে, কি করস?

কিরে, কি করস? (General inquiry)

The Bengali Social Circle

YOU

Outer Circle (Respect)

  • আপনি Strangers, Elders, Bosses

Middle Circle (Friendship)

  • তুমি Friends, Family, Spouses

Inner Circle (Intimacy)

  • তুই Best Friends, Kids, Siblings

Verb Suffix Comparison

Formal (-en)
বলেন Speak
শোনেন Listen
Familiar (-o)
বলো Speak
শোনো Listen
Intimate (-is)
বলিস Speak
শুনিস Listen

Which 'You' Should I Use?

1

Is the person older than you?

YES
Use Apni
NO
Next Question
2

Is it a professional setting?

YES
Use Apni
NO
Next Question
3

Are you very close friends?

YES
Use Tui
NO
Use Tumi

Honorifics by Context

💼

Professional

  • Boss
  • Client
  • Interview

Social

  • Friend
  • Cousin
  • Neighbor
🏠

Intimate

  • Bestie
  • Little Brother
  • Pet

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

আপনি কেমন আছেন?

How are you? (Formal)

2

তুমি কি করো?

What do you do? (Familiar)

3

তুই কোথায়?

Where are you? (Intimate)

4

আপনার নাম কি?

What is your name? (Formal)

1

আপনি কি চা খাবেন?

Will you drink tea? (Formal)

2

তুমি কাল এসো।

You come tomorrow. (Familiar)

3

তুই এটা করিস না।

You don't do this. (Intimate)

4

আপনি এখানে বসুন।

Please sit here. (Formal)

1

আপনি যদি চান, আমি সাহায্য করতে পারি।

If you want, I can help. (Formal)

2

তুমি কি আমাকে বইটা দেবে?

Will you give me the book? (Familiar)

3

তুই কেন মিছে কথা বলছিস?

Why are you lying? (Intimate)

4

আপনার সাথে দেখা করে ভালো লাগলো।

It was nice meeting you. (Formal)

1

আপনি কি কখনো সুন্দরবন গিয়েছেন?

Have you ever been to the Sundarbans? (Formal)

2

তুমি চাইলে আমরা সিনেমা দেখতে পারি।

If you want, we can watch a movie. (Familiar)

3

তুই কি জানিস কাল কি হয়েছিল?

Do you know what happened yesterday? (Intimate)

4

আপনার মতামত আমাদের জন্য খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ।

Your opinion is very important to us. (Formal)

1

আপনি বোধহয় আমার কথাটি ঠিক বুঝতে পারেননি।

Perhaps you haven't quite understood my point. (Formal/Nuanced)

2

তুমি আমায় ডেকেছিলে কেন?

Why had you called for me? (Familiar/Literary)

3

তুই তো আমায় ভুলেই গেছিস!

You have completely forgotten me! (Intimate/Emotional)

4

আপনার এই মহানুভবতা আমি চিরকাল স্মরণ রাখব।

I shall forever remember this greatness of yours. (Very Formal)

1

আপনি কি মনে করেন যে এই নীতিটি কার্যকর হবে?

Do you believe that this policy will be effective? (Formal/Analytical)

2

তুমি কি এখনো সেই পুরনো স্মৃতিগুলো আঁকড়ে ধরে আছো?

Are you still clinging to those old memories? (Familiar/Poetic)

3

তুই যদি একবার বলতিস, আমি সব ছেড়ে চলে আসতাম।

If you had said it once, I would have left everything and come. (Intimate/Conditional)

4

আপনার পাণ্ডিত্যের কাছে আমি নতমস্তক।

I bow before your erudition. (High Formal/Literary)

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

Levels of Politeness: Tui, Tumi, Apni (তুই, তুমি, আপনি) در مقابل Tumi vs. Tui

Learners often think 'Tui' is just a cooler version of 'Tumi'.

Levels of Politeness: Tui, Tumi, Apni (তুই, তুমি, আপনি) در مقابل Apni vs. Tumi in Professional Settings

When does a boss become a 'Tumi'?

Levels of Politeness: Tui, Tumi, Apni (তুই, তুমি, আপনি) در مقابل Third Person Honorifics (O vs. Uni)

Forgetting that 'He/She' also has levels.

اشتباهات رایج

আপনি কি করো?

আপনি কি করেন?

Mixed formal pronoun with familiar verb.

তুমি কেমন আছেন?

তুমি কেমন আছো?

Mixed familiar pronoun with formal verb.

তুই কি করেন?

তুই কি করিস?

Mixed intimate pronoun with formal verb.

আপনার নাম কি আছো?

আপনার নাম কি?

Using 'acho' (to be) incorrectly with a possessive formal question.

আপনি কাল এসো।

আপনি কাল আসবেন/আসুন।

Using the familiar imperative with a formal subject.

তোর বাবা কেমন আছেন?

তোর বাবা কেমন আছে?

Inconsistent honorifics; if using 'Tui' for the person, the verb for their father should usually match the relationship context, but here it's a grammar mismatch.

তুমি কি খেয়েছেন?

তুমি কি খেয়েছো?

Past tense mismatch.

আপনি যদি আসো...

আপনি যদি আসেন...

Conditional mismatch.

ওনারা কি করছো?

ওনারা কি করছেন?

Third person plural honorific mismatch.

তুই কি যাবেন?

তুই কি যাবি?

Future tense mismatch with intimate form.

আপনি কি আমায় চিনিস?

আপনি কি আমায় চেনেন?

Extreme register clash; using 'Tui' ending for a formal 'Apni' subject.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

আপনি কি ___?

তুমি কি ___ পারো?

তুই কেন ___ না?

আপনার যদি ___ থাকে, তবে জানাবেন।

Real World Usage

Job Interview occasional

আপনি কি আপনার অভিজ্ঞতা সম্পর্কে বলবেন? (Will you tell us about your experience?)

Texting a Best Friend constant

তুই কই? জলদি আয়! (Where are you? Come fast!)

Ordering Food very common

আপনি কি মেনুটা দেবেন? (Will you give the menu?)

Family Dinner constant

তুমি কি আর একটু ভাত নেবে? (Will you take a little more rice?)

Asking Directions common

আপনি কি জানেন স্টেশনটা কোথায়? (Do you know where the station is?)

Social Media Comment very common

আপনার ভিডিওটি খুব ভালো লেগেছে। (I liked your video very much.)

🎯

The 'Safe' Strategy

If you are a foreigner or a new learner, people will never be offended if you use 'Apni'. They might be offended if you use 'Tui'.
⚠️

The Tui Trap

Don't use 'Tui' just because you heard it in a movie. It can sound very rude if the relationship isn't right.
💬

Plural Politeness

Remember that the plural forms also change: Apnara, Tomra, Tora. The verb endings remain the same as the singular!
💡

Listen for the Suffix

If you can't hear the pronoun, listen to the verb. If it ends in '-en', they are being formal.

Smart Tips

Start with 'Apni'. It is better to be too formal than to accidentally offend someone.

তুমি কেমন আছো? (Too familiar for a stranger) আপনি কেমন আছেন? (Perfectly polite)

Immediately assume the subject is 'Apni' or 'Uni' (Respectful).

Who is doing it? The '-en' suffix tells me it's a person of respect.

Wait for a social milestone, like a shared meal or an explicit 'You can call me Tumi' invitation.

Switching randomly mid-sentence. Asking: 'আমি কি আপনাকে তুমি বলতে পারি?' (Can I call you Tumi?)

Be aware that switching from 'Tumi' to 'Tui' during an argument is a sign of extreme escalation.

তুমি এটা করো না! (Standard request) তুই এটা করিস না! (Aggressive/Intimate scolding)

تلفظ

/ko.ren/

The 'en' Suffix

In 'Apni' forms like 'koren', the 'e' is a closed sound, similar to the 'e' in 'bed' but slightly more tense.

/ko.ro/

The 'o' Suffix

In 'Tumi' forms like 'koro', the final 'o' is fully rounded, like in 'go'.

/ko.ris/

The 'is' Suffix

In 'Tui' forms like 'koris', the 'i' is short and sharp, like in 'bit'.

Formal Respect

আপনি কি আসবেন? ⤴

Rising intonation at the end shows politeness and inquiry.

Intimate Command

তুই এটা কর! ⤵

Falling intonation shows a direct, forceful command between equals.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

A-T-T: Apni (Always polite), Tumi (Two friends), Tui (Totally close).

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a ladder. Apni is the top rung (looking up to elders), Tumi is the middle rung (eye-level with friends), and Tui is the bottom rung (looking down at a small child or sitting close on the floor with a best friend).

Rhyme

With Apni say 'en', it's the respect pen. With Tumi say 'o', you're ready to go. With Tui say 'is', for your best friend's biz.

Story

You meet a stranger (Apni) and ask for directions. You then meet your friend (Tumi) for coffee to tell them about it. Finally, you go home and tell your little sister (Tui) the whole story. Each person gets a different 'you'!

شبکه واژگان

আপনিতুমিতুইসম্মানবন্ধুত্বভালোবাসাক্রিয়াপদ

چالش

Try to find three different people today (or online) and address them mentally using the correct level: a stranger, a peer, and a younger person.

نکات فرهنگی

In Kolkata, 'Apni' is used very strictly with anyone even slightly older or in a service position. 'Tumi' is for peers.

In Dhaka, 'Tumi' is sometimes used more quickly among young professionals, but 'Apni' remains the standard for strangers.

In some rural areas, 'Tui' is used more broadly among family members of all ages to show deep affection, though this is changing.

Derived from Sanskrit 'Tvam' (Thou). Over centuries, Middle Indo-Aryan developments led to the tripartite system to reflect the complex social hierarchies of Bengal.

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

আপনি কি বাংলা বলতে পারেন?

তুমি কি আজ বিকেলে ফ্রি আছো?

তুই কাল কেন আসিসনি?

আপনার প্রিয় লেখক কে এবং কেন আপনি তাকে পছন্দ করেন?

موضوعات نگارش

Write a letter to a teacher thanking them for their help.
Describe a conversation with your best friend about a movie.
Write a formal email applying for a job.
Compare how you speak to your parents versus how you speak to your friends.

اشتباهات رایج

Incorrect

صحیح


Incorrect

صحیح


Incorrect

صحیح


Incorrect

صحیح

Test Yourself

Choose the correct verb for: আপনি কি চা ___? چند گزینه‌ای

আপনি কি চা ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: খান
'Apni' requires the '-en' or '-n' ending.
Fill in the blank with the correct pronoun: ___ কি করছো?

___ কি করছো?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: তুমি
The verb 'korcho' ends in '-o', which matches 'Tumi'.
Correct the sentence: তুই কেমন আছেন? Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

তুই কেমন আছেন?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: তুই কেমন আছিস?
'Tui' must be paired with 'achis'.
Conjugate 'Jaoa' (to go) for 'Apni' in the future tense. Conjugation Drill

আপনি কাল বাজারে ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: যাবেন
Future tense for 'Apni' is 'jaben'.
Match the pronoun to the correct possessive form. جفت کردن

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 1-আপনার, 2-তোমার, 3-তোর
Apnar (Formal), Tomar (Familiar), Tor (Intimate).
Build a formal request: (Apni / ekhane / bosun) Sentence Building

Build: (Apni / ekhane / bosun)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: আপনি এখানে বসুন।
The formal imperative of 'bosha' is 'bosun'.
Complete the dialogue between two best friends. Dialogue Completion

A: কিরে, তুই আসবি? B: হ্যাঁ, আমি ___।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: আসব
The speaker uses 'Ami' (I), so the verb is 'asbo/asb'.
Sort these verbs from Formal to Intimate: (খাও, খান, খাস) Grammar Sorting

Sort: (খাও, খান, খাস)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: খান, খাও, খাস
Khan (Apni), Khao (Tumi), Khash (Tui).

Score: /8

تمرین‌های عملی

8 exercises
Choose the correct verb for: আপনি কি চা ___? چند گزینه‌ای

আপনি কি চা ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: খান
'Apni' requires the '-en' or '-n' ending.
Fill in the blank with the correct pronoun: ___ কি করছো?

___ কি করছো?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: তুমি
The verb 'korcho' ends in '-o', which matches 'Tumi'.
Correct the sentence: তুই কেমন আছেন? Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

তুই কেমন আছেন?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: তুই কেমন আছিস?
'Tui' must be paired with 'achis'.
Conjugate 'Jaoa' (to go) for 'Apni' in the future tense. Conjugation Drill

আপনি কাল বাজারে ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: যাবেন
Future tense for 'Apni' is 'jaben'.
Match the pronoun to the correct possessive form. جفت کردن

1. আপনি, 2. তুমি, 3. তুই

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 1-আপনার, 2-তোমার, 3-তোর
Apnar (Formal), Tomar (Familiar), Tor (Intimate).
Build a formal request: (Apni / ekhane / bosun) Sentence Building

Build: (Apni / ekhane / bosun)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: আপনি এখানে বসুন।
The formal imperative of 'bosha' is 'bosun'.
Complete the dialogue between two best friends. Dialogue Completion

A: কিরে, তুই আসবি? B: হ্যাঁ, আমি ___।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: আসব
The speaker uses 'Ami' (I), so the verb is 'asbo/asb'.
Sort these verbs from Formal to Intimate: (খাও, খান, খাস) Grammar Sorting

Sort: (খাও, খান, খাস)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: খান, খাও, খাস
Khan (Apni), Khao (Tumi), Khash (Tui).

Score: /8

سوالات متداول (8)

Yes, in most modern urban families, 'Tumi' is the standard. However, in very traditional or rural settings, 'Apni' might still be used.

It is considered very rude and aggressive. It's often used in street fights to show dominance or disrespect.

Yes! 'Apnara' (Formal), 'Tomra' (Familiar), and 'Tora' (Intimate). The verb endings remain the same as the singular forms.

Yes, 'Ami' has its own endings, and 'He/She' has two levels: 'O' (neutral) and 'Uni' (respectful).

Always use 'Apni' unless you know them very well and they are younger than you.

Yes, 'Tumi' is the most common and romantic form. 'Tui' is sometimes used between couples to show extreme closeness.

In devotional poetry (like Rabindrasangeet), 'Tui' or 'Tumi' is used to show a personal, intimate connection with the Divine.

Forgetting to change the verb ending. They often say 'Apni koro' instead of 'Apni koren'.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

Tú / Usted

Bengali has an extra level of intimacy (Tui) that Spanish lacks.

French moderate

Tu / Vous

French 'Vous' is also used for plural 'you', whereas Bengali has separate plural forms for all three levels.

German moderate

Du / Sie

Bengali verb endings change more drastically across the three levels than German's two.

Japanese high

Keigo (Honorifics)

Japanese honorifics change the entire verb root, while Bengali mostly changes the suffix.

Arabic partial

Anta / Antum / Hadratak

Arabic is more gender-coded; Bengali pronouns are gender-neutral.

Chinese low

Nǐ (你) / Nín (您)

Chinese has no verb conjugation for politeness; Bengali does.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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