B1 Honorifics & Register 1 min read متوسط

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Bengali verbs change based on the social distance between you and the listener: Tui (intimate), Tumi (familiar), and Apni (formal).

  • Use 'Apni' for strangers, elders, or professionals: 'Apni koren' (You do).
  • Use 'Tumi' for friends, peers, and younger people: 'Tumi koro' (You do).
  • Use 'Tui' for very close friends or family: 'Tui koris' (You do).
Pronoun (Tui/Tumi/Apni) + Verb Stem + Conjugation Suffix

Verb Conjugation: 'To Do' (Kora)

Register Pronoun Suffix Example
Formal
Apni
-en
Koren
Familiar
Tumi
-o
Koro
Intimate
Tui
-is
Koris

Common Contractions

Full Form Short Form
Koriachhi
Korechhi
Koriachho
Korecho

Meanings

Bengali uses three distinct verb conjugation patterns to reflect social hierarchy and intimacy levels.

1

Formal (Apni)

Used for respect, distance, or professional settings.

“আপনি কোথায় যাচ্ছেন?”

“আপনি কি চা খাবেন?”

2

Familiar (Tumi)

Used for friends, colleagues, and younger relatives.

“তুমি কী করছ?”

“তুমি কি খেয়েছ?”

3

Intimate (Tui)

Used for very close friends, siblings, or children.

“তুই কী করছিস?”

“তুই খেয়েছিস?”

Reference Table

Reference table for Honorific Verb Conjugations
Form Structure Example
Formal Affirmative
Apni + Verb-en
Apni janen
Formal Negative
Apni + Verb-en + na
Apni janen na
Familiar Affirmative
Tumi + Verb-o
Tumi jano
Familiar Negative
Tumi + Verb-o + na
Tumi jano na
Intimate Affirmative
Tui + Verb-is
Tui janis
Intimate Negative
Tui + Verb-is + na
Tui janis na

طیف رسمیت

رسمی
আপনি কি খাচ্ছেন?

আপনি কি খাচ্ছেন? (Dining)

خنثی
তুমি কি খাচ্ছ?

তুমি কি খাচ্ছ? (Dining)

غیر رسمی
তুই কি খাচ্ছিস?

তুই কি খাচ্ছিস? (Dining)

عامیانه
খাবি নাকি?

খাবি নাকি? (Dining)

The Honorific Hierarchy

Bengali Register

Formal

  • Apni Respectful/Distant

Familiar

  • Tumi Friendly/Peer

Intimate

  • Tui Close/Family

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

আপনি কেমন আছেন?

How are you? (Formal)

2

তুমি কেমন আছ?

How are you? (Familiar)

3

তুই কেমন আছিস?

How are you? (Intimate)

4

আপনি কি যাবেন?

Are you going? (Formal)

1

আপনি এখানে বসুন।

Please sit here. (Formal)

2

তুমি এখানে বসো।

Sit here. (Familiar)

3

তুই এখানে বস।

Sit here. (Intimate)

4

আপনি কি চা খাবেন?

Would you like tea? (Formal)

1

আপনি কি কাল আসতে পারবেন?

Can you come tomorrow? (Formal)

2

তুমি কি কাল আসতে পারবে?

Can you come tomorrow? (Familiar)

3

তুই কি কাল আসতে পারবি?

Can you come tomorrow? (Intimate)

4

আপনি যা বলছেন তা ঠিক।

What you are saying is correct. (Formal)

1

আপনি যদি অনুমতি দেন, আমি শুরু করব।

If you permit, I will start. (Formal)

2

তুমি যদি অনুমতি দাও, আমি শুরু করব।

If you permit, I will start. (Familiar)

3

তুই যদি অনুমতি দিস, আমি শুরু করব।

If you permit, I will start. (Intimate)

4

আপনি কি এই বিষয়ে ভেবে দেখেছেন?

Have you thought about this matter? (Formal)

1

আপনি কি মনে করেন যে এটি সম্ভব?

Do you think this is possible? (Formal)

2

তুমি কি মনে করছ যে এটি সম্ভব?

Do you think this is possible? (Familiar)

3

তুই কি মনে করছিস যে এটি সম্ভব?

Do you think this is possible? (Intimate)

4

আপনার কি কোনো আপত্তি আছে?

Do you have any objection? (Formal)

1

আপনি যদি সদয় হয়ে বিষয়টি দেখতেন।

If you would kindly look into the matter. (Very Formal)

2

তুমি যদি একটু সাহায্য করতে পারতে।

If you could help a little. (Familiar)

3

তুই যদি একটু সাহায্য করতে পারতিস।

If you could help a little. (Intimate)

4

আপনার মতামত আমাদের জন্য গুরুত্বপূর্ণ।

Your opinion is important to us. (Formal)

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

Honorific Verb Conjugations در مقابل Tumi vs Tui

Both are informal, but Tui is much more intimate.

Honorific Verb Conjugations در مقابل Apni vs Tumi

Both are used for 'you', but Apni is formal.

Honorific Verb Conjugations در مقابل Verb Stem vs Conjugated Verb

Learners often use the root form.

اشتباهات رایج

Apni koro

Apni koren

Mixing formal pronoun with familiar verb.

Tui koren

Tui koris

Mixing intimate pronoun with formal verb.

Tumi koren

Tumi koro

Mixing familiar pronoun with formal verb.

Apni kora

Apni koren

Using infinitive instead of conjugated verb.

Apni ki koro?

Apni ki koren?

Using familiar verb with formal pronoun.

Tui koro

Tui koris

Using familiar verb with intimate pronoun.

Apni jao

Apni jan

Using familiar imperative with formal pronoun.

Apni ki kheyecho?

Apni ki kheyechhen?

Using familiar perfect tense with formal pronoun.

Tumi ki korechhen?

Tumi ki korecho?

Using formal perfect tense with familiar pronoun.

Tui ki korechhen?

Tui ki korechhis?

Using formal perfect tense with intimate pronoun.

Apni ki asben?

Apni ki ashben?

Spelling error in formal future tense.

Tui ki asben?

Tui ki ashbi?

Mixing formal future with intimate pronoun.

Tumi ki asben?

Tumi ki ashbe?

Mixing formal future with familiar pronoun.

Apni ki ashbi?

Apni ki ashben?

Mixing intimate future with formal pronoun.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

___ কি ___?

___ এখানে ___।

___ কি ___ খেয়েছেন?

___ যদি ___ পারতেন, তবে ভালো হতো।

Real World Usage

Job Interview constant

আপনি কি আমাদের কোম্পানিতে কাজ করতে চান?

Texting a friend very common

তুই কখন আসছিস?

Ordering food common

আপনি কি চিকেন বিরিয়ানি দেবেন?

Social Media common

তুমি খুব ভালো ছবি তুলেছ!

Travel common

আপনি কি আমাকে সাহায্য করতে পারবেন?

Family Dinner constant

তুই খেয়ে নে।

💡

When in doubt, use Apni

If you are unsure about the relationship, Apni is always the safest choice.
⚠️

Don't use Tui with strangers

Using Tui with a stranger is considered very rude and aggressive.
🎯

Watch the suffixes

Focus on the verb ending, not just the pronoun.
💬

Register shifting

It's common to start with Apni and move to Tumi as you get to know someone.

Smart Tips

Always start with 'Apni'.

Tumi kemon acho? Apni kemon achen?

Use 'Tumi' to show closeness.

Apni ki korchen? Tumi ki korcho?

Use 'Tui' for intimacy.

Tumi ki korcho? Tui ki korchis?

Use 'Apni' throughout.

Tumi ki asbe? Apni ki ashben?

تلفظ

koren [ko-ren]

Formal Suffixes

The '-en' suffix is often pronounced with a nasalized 'n'.

koris [ko-ris]

Intimate Suffixes

The '-is' suffix is short and sharp.

Question Intonation

আপনি কি যাবেন? ↑

Rising intonation at the end indicates a question.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Remember the 'E-O-I' rule: Apni ends in E(n), Tumi ends in O, Tui ends in I(s).

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a ladder. Apni is at the top (respect), Tumi is in the middle (handshake), Tui is at the bottom (hug).

Rhyme

Apni is for the elder's knee, Tumi for the friend you see, Tui for the one so close to me.

Story

You meet a professor (Apni), then your friend (Tumi), then your brother (Tui). You change your verb ending for each one to show you care.

شبکه واژگان

ApniTumiTuiKorenKoroKorisRespectIntimacy

چالش

Write three sentences about what you did today, one for each register.

نکات فرهنگی

The 'Tui' form is very common among close friends in Kolkata.

The 'Apni' form is used more frequently in public life.

Register usage can be more traditional and hierarchical.

The honorific system evolved from Sanskrit roots, reflecting ancient social structures.

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

আপনি কি আজ ব্যস্ত?

তুমি কি আজ ব্যস্ত?

তুই কি আজ ব্যস্ত?

আপনি কি মনে করেন এটি সঠিক?

موضوعات نگارش

Write a dialogue between a student and a teacher.
Write a text to your best friend about your day.
Describe a formal meeting you attended.
Write a letter to a sibling.

اشتباهات رایج

Incorrect

صحیح


Incorrect

صحیح


Incorrect

صحیح


Incorrect

صحیح

Test Yourself

Choose the correct verb for 'Apni'. چند گزینه‌ای

আপনি কি ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: করেন
Apni takes the -en suffix.
Fill in the blank for 'Tumi'.

তুমি কি আজ ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: আসবে
Tumi takes the -e suffix in future.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Tui ki koren?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Tui ki koris?
Tui takes the -is suffix.
Build a formal sentence. Sentence Building

Order: আপনি / কি / খাবেন / চা

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: আপনি কি চা খাবেন?
Standard SOV order.
Conjugate 'To go' (Jawa) for Tui. Conjugation Drill

Tui ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: যাস
Tui + Jawa = Jash.
Match pronoun to suffix. جفت کردن

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: -en
Apni is formal.
Change to Tumi. Sentence Transformation

আপনি কি যাবেন? -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: তুমি কি যাবে?
Tumi takes -e suffix.
Which is most formal? چند گزینه‌ای

Select the formal form.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: আপনি করেন
Apni is the formal pronoun.

Score: /8

تمرین‌های عملی

8 exercises
Choose the correct verb for 'Apni'. چند گزینه‌ای

আপনি কি ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: করেন
Apni takes the -en suffix.
Fill in the blank for 'Tumi'.

তুমি কি আজ ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: আসবে
Tumi takes the -e suffix in future.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Tui ki koren?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Tui ki koris?
Tui takes the -is suffix.
Build a formal sentence. Sentence Building

Order: আপনি / কি / খাবেন / চা

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: আপনি কি চা খাবেন?
Standard SOV order.
Conjugate 'To go' (Jawa) for Tui. Conjugation Drill

Tui ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: যাস
Tui + Jawa = Jash.
Match pronoun to suffix. جفت کردن

Apni -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: -en
Apni is formal.
Change to Tumi. Sentence Transformation

আপনি কি যাবেন? -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: তুমি কি যাবে?
Tumi takes -e suffix.
Which is most formal? چند گزینه‌ای

Select the formal form.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: আপনি করেন
Apni is the formal pronoun.

Score: /8

سوالات متداول (8)

No, always use 'Apni' with superiors.

You might sound rude or overly familiar.

No, it's great for best friends.

When you feel comfortable and the other person uses it too.

Yes, almost all verbs follow these patterns.

Some irregular verbs exist, but the suffix logic remains.

It reflects the deep social values of the culture.

Yes, it's polite but might sound distant.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish high

Tú vs Usted

Spanish verb conjugation changes for person, but not specifically for 'honorific' status in the same way.

French high

Tu vs Vous

French uses the plural 'Vous' for formal singular, whereas Bengali uses a unique suffix.

German high

Du vs Sie

German formal 'Sie' uses third-person plural conjugation, while Bengali uses a specific honorific suffix.

Japanese moderate

Keigo

Japanese uses honorific verbs (sonkeigo/kenjougo) rather than just suffixes.

Arabic partial

Anta/Anti vs Antum

Arabic relies on gendered pronouns and pluralization for respect.

Chinese low

Ni vs Nin

Chinese does not conjugate verbs for register at all.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Was this helpful?
هنوز نظری وجود ندارد. اولین نفری باشید که افکار خود را به اشتراک می‌گذارد!