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A1 noun #38 پرکاربردترین 17 دقیقه مطالعه

hearing

رتبه 38

At the A1 level, the word 'hearing' is usually introduced as a noun related to the five senses. It means the ability to hear sounds. For example, 'My hearing is good.' However, in this specific legal context, A1 learners should understand that a 'hearing' is a very formal meeting with a judge. Imagine a room in a big building where a judge sits at a high desk. People go there to talk about a problem. The judge listens to them. This is called a hearing. It is like a short court meeting. You might hear this word if you watch a movie about a lawyer. It is important to know that 'a hearing' is a thing (a noun). You can say 'I have a hearing' or 'The hearing is at 10:00 AM.' It is a formal word, so we use it for serious things, not for meeting friends for coffee. At this level, just remember: Hearing = Formal meeting with a judge.

At the A2 level, you can start to use 'hearing' in more complete sentences. You should know that a hearing is a formal event where an official (like a judge or a leader) listens to facts. It is often used when there is a disagreement. For example, if someone loses their job and they think it is unfair, they might have a 'hearing' to talk about it. You should also know some common words that go with it, like 'public hearing' or 'court hearing.' A public hearing is a meeting where anyone can go and listen. You might see a sign in your town that says 'Public Hearing about the New Road.' This means the government wants to hear what people think. Remember that 'hearing' is a countable noun here, so you need to use 'a' or 'the.' It is different from the verb 'to hear.' You 'hear' a sound, but you 'attend' a hearing.

At the B1 level, you should understand that a hearing is a specific part of a legal or administrative process. It is not just any meeting; it is a 'proceeding.' This means it follows strict rules. For example, in a hearing, people might have to promise to tell the truth (testify). You should be able to distinguish between a hearing and a trial. A trial is usually long and decides if someone is guilty. A hearing is usually shorter and decides a smaller point, like 'Can this person leave jail before the trial?' (a bail hearing). You can also use the word in professional contexts. If you work in a big company, you might hear about a 'disciplinary hearing.' This is a formal meeting to decide if an employee did something wrong. At this level, you should be comfortable using 'hearing' as a subject or an object in complex sentences, such as 'The hearing was postponed because the lawyer was sick.'

At the B2 level, you should be familiar with the various types of hearings and the legal terminology associated with them. You should understand terms like 'preliminary hearing,' 'evidentiary hearing,' and 'administrative hearing.' A preliminary hearing is a 'trial before the trial' where a judge decides if there is enough evidence to continue. You should also understand the concept of 'due process,' which often includes the right to a 'fair hearing.' This means that the law requires people to have a chance to defend themselves in a formal setting. You might use the word in discussions about politics or current events, such as 'The Senate is holding confirmation hearings for the new Supreme Court justice.' At this level, you should also recognize the metaphorical use of the word, such as 'giving someone a fair hearing,' which means listening to their side of an argument with an open mind, even outside of a courtroom.

At the C1 level, you should have a nuanced understanding of 'hearing' within different legal systems and administrative frameworks. You should be able to discuss the procedural differences between a hearing and other legal events like depositions, inquiries, or arbitrations. You should understand that a hearing is a 'quasi-judicial' event in many administrative contexts, meaning it functions like a court but is held by a government agency. You should be able to use the word in formal writing and debate, discussing the implications of 'closed-door hearings' versus 'public transparency.' You should also be aware of the historical and cultural significance of certain hearings, such as the McCarthy hearings or the Watergate hearings, and how they shaped public policy. Your vocabulary should include collocations like 'adversarial hearing,' 'ex parte hearing,' and 'probative value of evidence presented at a hearing.'

At the C2 level, you should possess a masterly command of the word 'hearing,' including its most technical and obscure applications. You should be able to analyze the legal theory behind hearings, such as the 'right to be heard' (audi alteram partem) and how it is applied in international law. You should be comfortable reading complex legal documents or academic papers that use 'hearing' in the context of jurisprudence, administrative law, and constitutional rights. You should be able to distinguish between the 'substantive' and 'procedural' aspects of a hearing. Furthermore, you should be able to use the word with precision in high-level professional environments, such as during international arbitration or when advising on regulatory compliance. You should also understand the subtle rhetorical power of the word in political discourse, where 'calling for a hearing' can be a strategic move to delay legislation or bring public pressure to bear on an issue.

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

hearing در ۳۰ ثانیه

A hearing is a formal legal or administrative meeting where an official listens to evidence and arguments to make a decision on a specific issue.
Unlike a full trial, a hearing is often shorter and focuses on a narrow point, such as bail, evidence admissibility, or administrative rules.
The term is also used for public meetings held by government bodies to gather community feedback or investigate matters of national or local importance.
Grammatically, in this context, 'hearing' is a countable noun that requires an article and can be pluralized, distinguishing it from the physical sense of hearing.

In the specialized world of law and administration, the word hearing refers to a structured, formal occasion where an authority figure—most often a judge, a magistrate, or an administrative official—convenes to receive evidence, listen to testimony, and consider legal arguments regarding a specific point of contention. While the term is frequently used in everyday language to describe the physical sense of perceiving sound, its legal application is distinct and carries significant weight. A hearing is not merely a conversation; it is a procedural step within a larger legal framework designed to ensure that all parties have the opportunity to be heard before a decision is made. This concept is deeply rooted in the principle of 'due process,' which mandates that the government or a legal body must respect all legal rights owed to a person. In a hearing, the focus is often narrower than in a full trial. For instance, a hearing might be held specifically to determine if there is enough evidence to proceed to a trial, or to decide on a temporary matter like bail or a restraining order.

Legal Context: A formal proceeding where evidence is presented to determine a factual or legal issue.
Administrative Context: A meeting held by a government agency to gather facts before making a regulatory decision.
Procedural Role: A mechanism to ensure fairness by allowing individuals to present their side of a story.

The atmosphere of a hearing can vary depending on its purpose. A preliminary hearing in a criminal case might feel very intense and adversarial, with lawyers from both sides arguing vigorously. In contrast, a school board hearing regarding a new policy might be more collaborative but still follows a strict agenda. Regardless of the setting, the presence of a presiding official is the defining characteristic. This official acts as a neutral arbiter, ensuring that the rules of the hearing are followed and that the final outcome is based on the information presented during the session. People use this word when they are discussing the progress of a legal case, a dispute with an employer, or a challenge to a government ruling. It signifies that the matter has moved beyond informal discussion and into a phase where official records are kept and formal decisions are imminent.

The defendant arrived early at the courthouse for his preliminary hearing to see if the case would go to trial.

Understanding the nuances of a hearing is crucial for anyone navigating the legal system. It is often the first time a person stands before a judge. Unlike a trial, which usually aims for a final verdict of guilt or innocence, a hearing often addresses 'interlocutory' issues—matters that arise while a case is ongoing. For example, a 'motion hearing' might be held to decide whether certain evidence can be used in court. In these instances, the 'hearing' is a building block of the judicial process. Furthermore, the term extends to legislative bodies. In the United States, for example, Congressional hearings are famous for bringing experts and public figures before committees to testify on matters of national importance, such as new laws or investigations into corporate misconduct. In these cases, the 'hearing' serves an informative purpose for the lawmakers.

The Senate committee scheduled a public hearing to investigate the causes of the recent economic downturn.

In summary, when someone mentions a 'hearing,' they are referring to a formal window of time where facts are scrutinized and authority is exercised. It is a moment of accountability. Whether it is a small-claims court hearing over a landlord-tenant dispute or a high-profile disciplinary hearing at a major corporation, the essence remains the same: it is a structured environment for the presentation of truth and the application of rules. It bridges the gap between a complaint and a resolution, providing a stage for the 'hearing' of voices that might otherwise be ignored in the machinery of bureaucracy or law.

After the internal investigation, the employee was granted a disciplinary hearing to defend his actions.

The zoning board will hold a hearing next month to discuss the construction of the new shopping mall.

The judge denied the request for a new hearing because no new evidence was presented.

Using the word hearing correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical function as a noun and its typical collocations. In a legal or formal context, 'hearing' is almost always a countable noun, meaning you can have 'a hearing,' 'the hearing,' or 'multiple hearings.' It is frequently the object of verbs like 'hold,' 'schedule,' 'conduct,' 'attend,' or 'postpone.' For example, you might say, 'The committee will hold a hearing,' or 'The lawyer asked to postpone the hearing.' These verbs emphasize the organized and scheduled nature of the event. When describing the type of hearing, adjectives are used to provide specificity, such as 'preliminary,' 'evidentiary,' 'administrative,' or 'public.'

Verb Pairings: Common verbs include: to grant a hearing, to waive a hearing, to preside over a hearing.
Adjective Modifiers: Common adjectives include: closed-door hearing, formal hearing, bail hearing, grievance hearing.
Prepositional Use: Common prepositions: a hearing on a motion, a hearing before a judge, a hearing about the budget.

One of the most common ways to use 'hearing' is in the phrase 'give someone a fair hearing.' This can be used literally in law, but it is also used metaphorically in everyday life to mean giving someone a chance to explain themselves before judging them. For instance, 'I know you're angry, but please give him a fair hearing before you fire him.' In this sense, the word carries a connotation of justice and open-mindedness. When writing about hearings, it is important to maintain a formal tone if the context is legal. However, in news reporting, you might see more descriptive language, such as 'a marathon hearing' (one that lasts a long time) or 'a contentious hearing' (one where there is a lot of arguing).

The city council scheduled a public hearing to address the community's concerns about the new park.

In academic or technical writing, 'hearing' might appear in discussions of administrative law. Here, you might encounter the term 'due process hearing,' which refers to a specific type of proceeding required by law to protect an individual's rights. When using the word in this way, it is often paired with 'rights' or 'procedures.' For example, 'The student was entitled to a due process hearing before being expelled.' This usage highlights the legal obligation of institutions to act fairly. Another important distinction is between a 'closed hearing' and an 'open hearing.' An open hearing is accessible to the public and the press, while a closed hearing (sometimes called 'in camera') is private, often to protect sensitive information or the identity of a minor.

Because the case involved national security, the judge ordered a closed hearing.

Furthermore, the word 'hearing' can be used in the context of 'giving testimony at a hearing.' This emphasizes the verbal nature of the proceeding. You 'testify at' or 'speak during' a hearing. If you are the person whose case is being decided, you might 'appear at' a hearing. The phrasing 'at the hearing' is standard for describing location and time. For example, 'At the hearing, the witness provided a detailed account of the accident.' This structure is very common in legal reporting and storytelling. It sets the scene and prepares the reader for the information that was revealed during the formal event.

The expert witness spent three hours testifying during the evidentiary hearing.

We are waiting for the court to set a date for the preliminary hearing.

The board's decision was overturned because they failed to provide a proper hearing for the appellant.

The word hearing is a staple of news broadcasts, legal dramas, and political discourse. If you turn on a news channel like CNN or the BBC, you will frequently hear reporters talking about 'court hearings' or 'Senate hearings.' These are high-stakes environments where the word is used to signal that an official investigation or legal process is moving forward. For example, during a major political scandal, the media will focus heavily on the 'confirmation hearings' for a new judge or the 'investigative hearings' regarding government spending. In these contexts, the word 'hearing' carries a sense of public accountability and transparency. It is the moment when the public gets to see officials being questioned under oath.

In the News: 'The committee will convene for a hearing on climate change policy tomorrow morning.'
In Legal Dramas: 'Your Honor, we request an emergency hearing to discuss the new evidence found by the police.'
In the Workplace: 'If you disagree with the disciplinary action, you have the right to an internal hearing.'

Beyond the media, you will encounter this word in any professional setting that involves regulation or dispute resolution. If you work in human resources, you might be involved in a 'grievance hearing' where an employee's complaint is formally reviewed. If you are a business owner, you might have to attend a 'zoning hearing' to get permission to expand your building. In these real-world scenarios, a 'hearing' is a practical tool for resolving conflict. It is less about the 'drama' of a courtroom and more about the 'process' of administration. You might also hear it in the context of healthcare, specifically regarding 'disability hearings' where a person's eligibility for benefits is determined by a judge based on medical evidence.

The news anchor reported that the preliminary hearing for the high-profile case would be televised live.

In educational settings, particularly in universities, 'conduct hearings' are held to address violations of the student code of conduct. Students often hear this word when they are being told about their rights and the steps they can take if they are accused of plagiarism or other infractions. The word 'hearing' here serves to reassure the student that they will not be punished without a chance to present their side. Similarly, in the world of international relations, you might hear about 'hearings' at the International Court of Justice or the European Court of Human Rights. These are global stages where the word 'hearing' represents the search for international justice and the adherence to treaties.

The university's judicial board conducted a hearing to determine if the student had violated the honor code.

Finally, you will hear this word in local government meetings. Town halls and city councils use 'public hearings' to get feedback from citizens on everything from new taxes to changes in trash collection. If you live in a community that is undergoing change, you will likely see flyers or notices in the local paper inviting you to a 'hearing.' In this context, the word is synonymous with civic engagement. It is the formal way for the 'little guy' to have a voice in the decisions made by those in power. Whether it is a grand stage in Washington D.C. or a small room in a local library, the 'hearing' is where the official record is made and where history is often written.

The local residents packed the town hall for the public hearing on the proposed highway expansion.

The athlete's appeal was denied after a three-day hearing by the sports arbitration committee.

The documentary film showed footage from the historic 1954 hearing on civil rights.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing a hearing with a trial. While they are related, they are not interchangeable. A trial is a comprehensive proceeding to determine the final outcome of a case (guilty or not guilty, liable or not liable). A hearing, however, is often a shorter, more focused meeting to deal with a specific issue or a preliminary stage of the case. For example, you might have a hearing to decide if a witness is allowed to testify, but the trial is where the witness actually gives their full testimony to a jury. Using 'trial' when you mean 'hearing' can make you sound less precise in a legal or professional context.

Hearing vs. Trial: A hearing is for specific issues; a trial is for the whole case. Trials usually involve a jury; hearings usually do not.
Hearing vs. Listening: 'Hearing' is the act of perceiving sound or a formal meeting; 'listening' is the conscious effort to understand sound.
Hearing vs. Audition: An 'audition' is for performers; a 'hearing' is for legal or administrative matters.

Another common error is the misuse of the word 'hearing' when referring to the physical sense. Learners sometimes say 'I have a good hearing' instead of 'I have good hearing.' In the context of the sense, 'hearing' is an uncountable noun and does not take an article. However, in the legal context we are discussing, 'hearing' is a countable noun and does take an article. For example: 'The judge scheduled a hearing' (Correct) vs. 'The judge scheduled hearing' (Incorrect). This distinction is vital for grammatical accuracy. If you are talking about the meeting, use 'a' or 'the.' If you are talking about the ability to hear sounds, do not use 'a.'

Incorrect: We are going to a trial to discuss the bail.
Correct: We are going to a hearing to discuss the bail.

A third mistake involves the verb 'to hear.' While a judge 'hears' a case, we don't usually say a judge 'hearings' a case. The noun form 'hearing' is used to describe the event, while the verb 'hear' is used for the action. For example, 'The judge will hear the motion at the hearing.' Some learners also confuse 'hearing' with 'meeting.' While a hearing is a type of meeting, calling a court hearing a 'meeting' is too informal and can be seen as disrespectful or unprofessional in a legal setting. It's better to use the specific term 'hearing' to show you understand the formal nature of the event.

Incorrect: I have a hearing of the music.
Correct: I am hearing the music (verb) OR My hearing is fine (noun, sense).

Lastly, be careful with the phrase 'within hearing.' This is an idiomatic expression meaning 'close enough to hear something.' It is different from 'at a hearing.' If you say 'I was at a hearing distance,' it sounds awkward. The correct idiom is 'within hearing distance' or 'within earshot.' Similarly, 'giving someone a hearing' is an old-fashioned but correct way to say 'listening to them,' but in modern English, we almost always say 'giving someone a fair hearing.' Leaving out the word 'fair' can make the phrase sound incomplete or overly formal in a casual conversation.

Incorrect: The lawyer requested an audition for his client.
Correct: The lawyer requested a hearing for his client.

Incorrect: I am going to a hearing to listen to the new band.
Correct: I am going to a concert or gig.

Incorrect: The judge is having a hearing of the witnesses.
Correct: The judge is holding a hearing for the witnesses.

When you want to describe a formal meeting where information is gathered or a decision is made, several words can serve as alternatives to hearing, depending on the specific context. The most common synonym in a legal sense is proceeding. A proceeding is a more general term that encompasses any official action taken in a court of law. While a hearing is a specific event, a proceeding might refer to the entire legal process. Another alternative is inquiry. An inquiry is often a formal investigation into a specific matter, such as a 'public inquiry' into a train accident. Inquiries are usually more about finding facts than making a legal judgment of guilt.

Hearing vs. Proceeding: A hearing is a single event; a proceeding is the whole legal action. Use 'proceeding' for more formal, broad descriptions.
Hearing vs. Tribunal: A hearing is the event; a tribunal is the body or court that holds the hearing. You attend a hearing at a tribunal.
Hearing vs. Audience: An 'audience' is a formal meeting with a high-ranking person (like a King or the Pope). A 'hearing' is for legal or administrative matters.

In the context of government or business, you might use the word session. A 'legislative session' or a 'board session' can involve hearings, but the word 'session' refers more to the period of time the group is meeting. If the meeting is specifically about resolving a dispute, you might use arbitration or mediation. These are types of hearings that take place outside of a traditional courtroom. Arbitration involves a neutral third party making a binding decision, while mediation involves a third party helping the two sides reach their own agreement. Using these specific terms shows a deeper understanding of the different ways conflicts are resolved.

The government launched a public inquiry to investigate the cause of the fire.

For less formal situations where someone is just being given a chance to speak, you might use consultation or interview. A consultation is a meeting to get advice or discuss a plan, while an interview is a more structured Q&A session. Neither of these has the same legal weight as a 'hearing.' In a workplace, a 'disciplinary hearing' might be called a 'disciplinary meeting' or 'disciplinary review.' These terms are slightly softer but still imply a formal process. Choosing the right word depends on how much 'authority' and 'law' you want to convey. 'Hearing' is the strongest and most formal of these options.

The legal proceedings lasted for over a year before a final decision was reached.

Finally, in some jurisdictions, a hearing might be called a summons or a subpoena, but these words actually refer to the document that orders you to attend the hearing, not the hearing itself. It is a common mistake to say 'I have a summons tomorrow' when you mean 'I have a hearing tomorrow.' Similarly, an arraignment is a very specific type of hearing where a defendant is told the charges against them. If you are talking about a criminal case, using 'arraignment' instead of 'hearing' is much more precise. By expanding your vocabulary with these alternatives, you can describe legal and formal events with much greater accuracy and professional flair.

The defendant pleaded not guilty during his arraignment this morning.

The dispute was settled through arbitration rather than a traditional court hearing.

The committee's session was adjourned until next Monday.

چقدر رسمی است؟

رسمی

خنثی

غیر رسمی

Child friendly

عامیانه

نکته جالب

The legal sense of 'hearing' dates back to the late 14th century. It originally meant the 'action of listening to a person' and evolved into the formal legal proceeding we know today.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /ˈhɪə.rɪŋ/

US /ˈhɪr.ɪŋ/

The stress is on the first syllable: HEAR-ing.

هم‌قافیه با

clearing steering fearing nearing cheering appearing engineering pioneering

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing the 'h' too softly or omitting it.
Confusing the vowel sound with 'hair' (haring).
Adding an extra syllable (he-ar-ing).
Failing to stress the first syllable.
Pronouncing the 'g' at the end too harshly (it should be a nasal 'ng').

سطح دشواری

خواندن 2/5

The word itself is simple, but the legal context can make sentences complex.

نوشتن 3/5

Requires knowledge of specific collocations like 'preliminary' or 'disciplinary'.

صحبت کردن 2/5

Common in professional and news contexts; easy to pronounce.

گوش دادن 2/5

Easily recognized in news broadcasts and legal dramas.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

hear meeting judge court law

بعداً یاد بگیرید

trial testimony evidence verdict appeal

پیشرفته

jurisprudence adjudication interlocutory subpoena deposition

گرامر لازم

Gerunds as Nouns

Hearing (the act of hearing) is one of the five senses.

Countable vs. Uncountable Nouns

I have good hearing (uncountable) vs. I have a hearing (countable).

Passive Voice in Formal Contexts

The hearing was held in the main courtroom.

Compound Nouns

A public hearing is essential for transparency.

Prepositional Phrases

The hearing on the new budget lasted all night.

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

The judge will have a hearing today.

Le juge aura une audience aujourd'hui.

Uses 'a' because 'hearing' is a countable noun here.

I must go to the hearing at ten.

Je dois aller à l'audience à dix heures.

The definite article 'the' refers to a specific scheduled event.

Is the hearing in this room?

L'audience est-elle dans cette salle ?

A simple question structure using 'is'.

The hearing is very short.

L'audience est très courte.

Adjective 'short' describes the duration of the noun 'hearing'.

He has a hearing for his car ticket.

Il a une audience pour sa contravention.

Preposition 'for' explains the reason for the hearing.

She waits for the hearing to start.

Elle attend que l'audience commence.

The infinitive 'to start' follows the noun 'hearing'.

The hearing is about a new park.

L'audience porte sur un nouveau parc.

Preposition 'about' introduces the topic.

They need a hearing to decide.

Ils ont besoin d'une audience pour décider.

The noun 'hearing' is the object of the verb 'need'.

The town will hold a public hearing about the new school.

La ville tiendra une audience publique au sujet de la nouvelle école.

Compound noun 'public hearing' is a common collocation.

You can speak at the hearing next week.

Vous pouvez parler lors de l'audience la semaine prochaine.

Preposition 'at' is used for location/event.

The lawyer is preparing for the hearing.

L'avocat se prépare pour l'audience.

Present continuous 'is preparing' shows ongoing action.

Did you attend the hearing yesterday?

Avez-vous assisté à l'audience hier ?

The verb 'attend' is standard for participating in a hearing.

The hearing lasted for three hours.

L'audience a duré trois heures.

Past tense 'lasted' describes the duration.

There is a hearing to discuss the budget.

Il y a une audience pour discuter du budget.

'There is' introduces the existence of the event.

The judge postponed the hearing until Friday.

Le juge a reporté l'audience à vendredi.

The verb 'postpone' means to move to a later time.

I received a notice for a court hearing.

J'ai reçu un avis pour une audience au tribunal.

'Court hearing' acts as a specific type of hearing.

The disciplinary hearing will determine if he keeps his job.

L'audience disciplinaire déterminera s'il garde son emploi.

'Disciplinary' is an adjective modifying 'hearing'.

She was nervous about testifying at the hearing.

Elle était nerveuse à l'idée de témoigner à l'audience.

Gerund 'testifying' functions as the object of the preposition 'about'.

The preliminary hearing established that there was enough evidence.

L'audience préliminaire a établi qu'il y avait suffisamment de preuves.

'Preliminary hearing' is a specific legal term.

Everyone has the right to a fair hearing in court.

Tout le monde a droit à une audience équitable au tribunal.

'Fair hearing' is a fixed phrase in legal rights.

The hearing was conducted behind closed doors.

L'audience s'est déroulée à huis clos.

Idiom 'behind closed doors' means in private.

The committee scheduled a hearing to investigate the scandal.

Le comité a programmé une audience pour enquêter sur le scandale.

The infinitive 'to investigate' shows the purpose.

The witness's statement was read aloud during the hearing.

La déclaration du témoin a été lue à haute voix pendant l'audience.

Passive voice 'was read' focuses on the statement.

The hearing focused on the environmental impact of the project.

L'audience s'est concentrée sur l'impact environnemental du projet.

Phrasal verb 'focused on' identifies the main topic.

The Senate confirmation hearing lasted for several days.

L'audience de confirmation du Sénat a duré plusieurs jours.

'Confirmation hearing' is a specific political term.

The judge granted a hearing to reconsider the bail amount.

Le juge a accordé une audience pour reconsidérer le montant de la caution.

The verb 'grant' implies giving permission for the event.

The administrative hearing was the final step in the appeal process.

L'audience administrative était la dernière étape du processus d'appel.

'Administrative hearing' refers to non-courtroom legal meetings.

Evidence presented at the hearing was deemed inadmissible.

Les preuves présentées lors de l'audience ont été jugées irrecevables.

Past participle 'presented' acts as an adjective for 'evidence'.

The public hearing provided a platform for local residents to voice their concerns.

L'audience publique a offert une tribune aux résidents locaux pour exprimer leurs préoccupations.

Metaphorical use of 'platform' to describe the hearing's function.

The lawyer argued that the defendant was denied a fair hearing.

L'avocat a soutenu que le défendeur s'était vu refuser une audience équitable.

Passive structure 'was denied' within a 'that' clause.

The hearing was adjourned until further evidence could be gathered.

L'audience a été ajournée jusqu'à ce que d'autres preuves puissent être rassemblées.

'Adjourned' is the formal term for suspending a hearing.

The hearing's transcript was made available to the press.

Le compte rendu de l'audience a été mis à la disposition de la presse.

Possessive 'hearing's' refers to the official record of the event.

The evidentiary hearing was crucial in determining the scope of the trial.

L'audience de preuve a été cruciale pour déterminer la portée du procès.

'Evidentiary' is a high-level legal adjective.

Legislative hearings often serve as a precursor to significant policy changes.

Les audiences législatives servent souvent de précurseur à des changements de politique importants.

Plural 'hearings' used for general professional observations.

The tribunal's failure to hold a hearing was a breach of procedural fairness.

Le fait que le tribunal n'ait pas tenu d'audience constituait un manquement à l'équité procédurale.

Complex noun phrase 'breach of procedural fairness'.

During the hearing, the cross-examination of the expert witness was intense.

Pendant l'audience, le contre-interrogatoire du témoin expert a été intense.

'Cross-examination' is a specific action within a hearing.

The hearing was convened to address the allegations of corporate misconduct.

L'audience a été convoquée pour traiter les allégations de faute professionnelle de l'entreprise.

'Convened' is a formal verb for starting a hearing.

The judge's ruling at the hearing set a precedent for future cases.

La décision du juge lors de l'audience a créé un précédent pour les cas futurs.

'Set a precedent' is a key legal concept.

The hearing provided an opportunity for the appellant to present new arguments.

L'audience a permis à l'appelant de présenter de nouveaux arguments.

'Appellant' is the formal term for someone appealing a decision.

The transparency of the hearing was questioned by several civil rights groups.

La transparence de l'audience a été remise en question par plusieurs groupes de défense des droits civiques.

Abstract noun 'transparency' used in a formal critique.

The hearing served as a crucible for the legal theories being advanced by the defense.

L'audience a servi de creuset pour les théories juridiques avancées par la défense.

Metaphorical use of 'crucible' to describe a testing ground.

In many jurisdictions, the right to a hearing is enshrined in the constitution.

Dans de nombreuses juridictions, le droit à une audience est inscrit dans la constitution.

'Enshrined' implies a deep, protected legal status.

The hearing was characterized by a meticulous examination of the forensic data.

L'audience a été caractérisée par un examen méticuleux des données médico-légales.

Formal passive construction 'was characterized by'.

The adversarial nature of the hearing underscored the deep divisions between the parties.

La nature contradictoire de l'audience a souligné les divisions profondes entre les parties.

'Adversarial' describes a system based on opposing sides.

The hearing's outcome was contingent upon the interpretation of a single statute.

L'issue de l'audience dépendait de l'interprétation d'un seul texte de loi.

'Contingent upon' is a formal way to say 'depends on'.

The judge's conduct during the hearing was later scrutinized by the judicial review board.

La conduite du juge pendant l'audience a ensuite été examinée par le conseil de révision judiciaire.

'Scrutinized' is a high-level verb for intense examination.

The hearing offered a rare glimpse into the inner workings of the regulatory agency.

L'audience a offert un rare aperçu des rouages internes de l'agence de réglementation.

Idiomatic 'inner workings' refers to hidden processes.

The hearing was abruptly terminated following a procedural error by the prosecution.

L'audience a été brusquement interrompue à la suite d'une erreur de procédure de l'accusation.

'Terminated' is more formal than 'ended' or 'stopped'.

مترادف‌ها

inquiry proceeding session examination audit tribunal

متضادها

dismissal adjournment

ترکیب‌های رایج

public hearing

preliminary hearing

disciplinary hearing

fair hearing

confirmation hearing

evidentiary hearing

grievance hearing

closed hearing

hold a hearing

waive a hearing

عبارات رایج

give someone a fair hearing

within hearing

request a hearing

postpone a hearing

preside over a hearing

testify at a hearing

attend a hearing

conduct a hearing

grant a hearing

outcome of the hearing

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

hearing vs trial

A trial is the final, complete legal process; a hearing is a shorter meeting for specific issues.

hearing vs audition

An audition is for actors or musicians; a hearing is for legal or official matters.

hearing vs listening

Listening is a conscious action; hearing is a sense or a formal meeting.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"hard of hearing"

Having difficulty hearing sounds; partially deaf. This uses the 'sense' meaning of the word.

You need to speak louder because my grandfather is a bit hard of hearing.

neutral

"give someone a hearing"

To allow someone to express their views or explain their actions formally.

The manager finally gave the disgruntled employee a hearing.

formal

"within hearing distance"

Near enough to hear something. Similar to 'within earshot'.

They whispered so that no one within hearing distance would know their secret.

neutral

"gain a hearing"

To succeed in getting people to listen to your ideas or arguments.

The young activist struggled to gain a hearing from the established politicians.

formal

"hearing things"

Imagining that one hears sounds that are not actually there.

I thought I heard someone calling my name, but I must be hearing things.

informal

"a fair hearing"

An opportunity to present one's case or opinion without bias.

The new proposal deserves a fair hearing before we reject it.

neutral

"out of hearing"

Too far away to hear what is being said.

Wait until they are out of hearing before you start talking about the surprise.

neutral

"hear tell"

To hear a rumor or a piece of information from others (dialect/informal).

I hear tell that they're planning to close the old factory.

informal/dialect

"hear a pin drop"

A situation where it is so quiet that even a very small sound would be heard.

When the verdict was read, you could hear a pin drop in the courtroom.

idiomatic

"hear from someone"

To receive a letter, call, or message from someone.

I haven't heard from my brother in over a month.

neutral

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

hearing vs hearing

It has two very different meanings (sense vs. meeting).

The sense is uncountable ('My hearing is bad'). The meeting is countable ('I have a hearing').

He wore a hearing-aid to the hearing.

hearing vs haring

Similar spelling and sound.

Haring means running very fast; hearing is about sound or a meeting.

He was haring down the street to get to his hearing on time.

hearing vs herring

Similar sound.

A herring is a type of fish.

The lawyer ate a herring sandwich before the hearing.

hearing vs herein

Legal sounding and similar start.

Herein is an adverb meaning 'in this document'.

The facts mentioned herein will be discussed at the hearing.

hearing vs earring

Similar sound and both involve the ear.

An earring is a piece of jewelry worn on the ear.

She lost her earring during the court hearing.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

The hearing is [time/place].

The hearing is at 9 AM.

I have a hearing for [reason].

I have a hearing for my parking ticket.

The [type] hearing will decide [issue].

The disciplinary hearing will decide his future at the company.

It is important to give [person] a fair hearing.

It is important to give the defendant a fair hearing.

The hearing was [verb-ed] to address [issue].

The hearing was convened to address the safety concerns.

The [adjective] nature of the hearing [verb-ed] the [noun].

The adversarial nature of the hearing underscored the legal complexities.

During the hearing, [clause].

During the hearing, the witness became very emotional.

The outcome of the hearing depends on [noun].

The outcome of the hearing depends on the judge's interpretation.

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

فعل‌ها

صفت‌ها

مرتبط

نحوه استفاده

frequency

Common in legal, political, and news contexts.

اشتباهات رایج

I have good a hearing. → I have good hearing.
When referring to the sense of hearing, it is an uncountable noun and does not take an article.
The judge is having a trial for the bail. → The judge is holding a hearing for the bail.
A 'trial' is for the whole case; a 'hearing' is for specific issues like bail.
I was within hearing of the conversation. → I was within hearing distance of the conversation.
While 'within hearing' is technically possible, 'within hearing distance' or 'within earshot' is much more common and natural.
The hearing was very loud. → The hearing was very contentious.
While a hearing can be loud, 'contentious' or 'intense' are better words to describe a formal meeting with a lot of arguing.
He requested an audition to explain his side. → He requested a hearing to explain his side.
An 'audition' is for performers; a 'hearing' is the correct term for a formal opportunity to be heard by an authority.

نکات

Use the Article

When referring to the meeting, always use 'a' or 'the'. For example, 'I attended a hearing.' Without the article, it sounds like you are talking about the sense of hearing.

Learn the Adjectives

Words like 'preliminary', 'public', and 'disciplinary' are the best friends of 'hearing'. Learning them together will make your English sound much more professional and precise.

Hearing vs. Trial

Don't use 'trial' for every court visit. If it's just a quick meeting about a specific point, 'hearing' is the correct word. Using it correctly shows you have a high level of English.

Fair Hearing

Use the phrase 'give someone a fair hearing' in your daily life. It's a great way to say 'listen to them fairly' and it works in both business and personal situations.

The 'ear' in Hearing

To remember the spelling, just remember that you use your EAR to HEAR. The word 'hearing' contains both 'hear' and 'ear'. This simple trick will prevent spelling mistakes.

Requesting a Hearing

If you are writing a formal letter to a government agency or an employer, use the phrase 'I would like to request a hearing.' It sounds much more official than 'I want to talk to you'.

Context Clues

When you hear 'hearing' on the news, look for words like 'committee', 'judge', or 'testify'. These will confirm that they are talking about the meeting, not the sense of hearing.

Formal Verbs

Pair 'hearing' with formal verbs like 'convene', 'adjourn', or 'preside'. For example, 'The hearing was adjourned until Monday.' This is much better than saying 'The hearing was stopped'.

Public Hearings

In many English-speaking countries, public hearings are a key part of local democracy. Knowing this word helps you understand how people participate in their local government.

Clear Stress

Make sure you put the emphasis on the 'HEAR' part. If you stress the 'ing', it will sound unnatural. Practice saying 'HEAR-ing' several times to get the rhythm right.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of a judge with a giant EAR. He is 'HEAR-ing' the facts in a formal 'RING' (the courtroom circle).

تداعی تصویری

Visualize a gavel hitting a wooden desk in a room full of people who are all listening intently.

شبکه واژگان

Judge Courtroom Evidence Testimony Public Formal Decision Rights

چالش

Try to use 'hearing' in three different ways today: once for the sense, once for a formal meeting, and once in the idiom 'fair hearing'.

ریشه کلمه

Derived from the Old English verb 'hieran' (to hear), which has Germanic roots. The suffix '-ing' was added to create a verbal noun (gerund) representing the act or the occasion of hearing.

معنای اصلی: The act of perceiving sound or the opportunity to be heard.

Germanic (Indo-European)

بافت فرهنگی

Be aware that 'hearing' can also refer to the deaf and hard-of-hearing community. Use 'hearing' carefully when discussing disability to ensure respect.

In the US and UK, 'hearing' is a very common term in news and TV shows like 'Law & Order' or 'Suits'.

The McCarthy Hearings (1950s anti-communist investigations) The Watergate Hearings (1970s investigation into President Nixon) The Clarence Thomas/Anita Hill Hearings (1991 Supreme Court confirmation)

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Criminal Law

bail hearing
preliminary hearing
waive a hearing
testify at the hearing

Local Government

public hearing
zoning hearing
community feedback
open to the public

Employment

disciplinary hearing
grievance hearing
right to a hearing
internal review

Politics

confirmation hearing
legislative hearing
Senate committee
under oath

Health

disability hearing
medical evidence
hearing loss
hearing-aid

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"Have you ever attended a public hearing in your city?"

"What do you think makes a hearing 'fair' in a legal case?"

"Do you think all court hearings should be televised for the public?"

"If you had to testify at a hearing, would you be nervous?"

"Why are preliminary hearings important for the justice system?"

موضوعات نگارش

Describe a time when you felt you weren't given a fair hearing in a personal argument.

Write about a famous hearing you saw on the news and what you learned from it.

Imagine you are a judge presiding over a hearing. What qualities would you need?

Should students have a right to a formal hearing before being suspended from school?

Discuss the difference between a hearing and a trial in your own words.

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

No, they are different. A trial is a full legal proceeding to reach a final verdict on a case. A hearing is usually shorter and focuses on a specific issue, like deciding if certain evidence can be used or setting bail. Think of a hearing as a building block of a case, while a trial is the main event.

At a public hearing, a government body (like a city council) listens to comments and evidence from the general public about a proposed project or law. It is a way for citizens to have their voices heard before a final decision is made. Anyone can usually attend and sometimes speak.

Yes, in many places, if you want to contest a traffic ticket, you can request a hearing. You will go before a judge or a magistrate to explain why you think the ticket was unfair. This is a formal way to resolve the dispute instead of just paying the fine.

A disciplinary hearing is a formal meeting held by an employer to investigate an employee's alleged misconduct. The employee has the right to hear the evidence against them and present their own side. Based on the hearing, the employer decides if any punishment is necessary.

Not always. While court hearings have judges, administrative or public hearings might be led by a 'hearing officer,' a committee chairperson, or a board of officials. The key is that there is someone in authority presiding over the meeting.

No, 'hearing' can also be the present participle of the verb 'hear' (e.g., 'I am hearing music'). However, in the context of a formal meeting, it is always used as a noun. You can tell the difference by looking for articles like 'a' or 'the'.

A 'fair hearing' is a legal principle that ensures a person's rights are protected. It means the person must be told what the issues are, given enough time to prepare, and allowed to present their evidence to a neutral and unbiased person. It is a fundamental part of justice.

The duration varies greatly. Some simple hearings might last only 10 or 15 minutes, while complex legislative or evidentiary hearings can last for several days or even weeks. Most court hearings for minor matters are relatively short, often under an hour.

Yes, these are called 'closed hearings' or 'private hearings.' They are held away from the public and the media, usually to protect sensitive information, national security, or the privacy of individuals, especially children.

A preliminary hearing is a meeting held after a person is charged with a crime but before the trial. The judge decides if there is 'probable cause' (enough evidence) to believe the person committed the crime. If not, the case might be dismissed right then.