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A2 verb #1,800 پرکاربردترین 11 دقیقه مطالعه

دنبال کردن

donbal kardan رتبه 1,800

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها دنبال کردن در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح دنبال کردن in your Level:

At the A1 level, دنبال کردن is introduced in its most basic, physical sense. Students learn it as a way to describe one person moving behind another. It is often taught alongside simple directions and movement verbs like 'raftan' (to go) and 'āmadan' (to come). At this stage, the focus is on the present simple and past simple tenses. A1 learners might use it to say 'Follow me' (Donbāl-e man biā - though this uses a slightly different structure, the concept is the same) or 'I followed him' (Man u rā donbāl kardam). The goal is to understand the literal meaning of 'tailing' someone. We avoid complex social media nuances or abstract pursuits at this level, focusing instead on clear, observable actions in a classroom or home setting. The grammar is kept simple, emphasizing the connection between 'donbāl' (back/tail) and 'kardan' (to do).

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

At the A2 level, the usage of دنبال کردن expands into the digital world. This is where learners become familiar with the concept of 'following' someone on social media like Instagram or Twitter. This is a very practical application for modern learners. We also introduce the idea of following a series of instructions or a simple path, like a map. The distinction between 'donbāl kardan' (to follow) and 'be donbāl-e ... gaštan' (to look for) is emphasized here to prevent common errors. Learners are expected to use the object marker 'rā' correctly most of the time. They should be able to conjugate the verb in the present continuous (dāram donbāl mikonam) and the future (donbāl khāham kard). The vocabulary starts to include common collocations like 'donbāl kardan-e akhbār' (following the news).

By B1, learners should be comfortable using دنبال کردن in more abstract and professional contexts. This includes following a career path, following a lead in a story, or following the progress of a project. The nuances between 'donbāl kardan' and its synonyms like 'peygiri kardan' (to follow up) are introduced. B1 students learn to use the verb in complex sentences with conjunctions and in the subjunctive mood (e.g., 'I want you to follow me'). They also begin to encounter the word in literature and news reports where the context might be a bit more nuanced, such as 'following a trend' or 'following a logical argument.' The focus shifts from just 'who is behind whom' to 'what process is being tracked.'

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

At the B2 level, دنبال کردن is used with greater precision and in more formal registers. Learners understand its role in journalistic Persian, where it describes the tracking of international events or economic trends. They can distinguish between 'ta'ghib' (chase), 'peygiri' (follow-up), and 'peyravi' (adherence). B2 learners should be able to use the verb in the passive voice and in more sophisticated grammatical structures. They also learn idiomatic expressions and common phrases where 'donbāl' appears. The cultural context of 'pursuit' in Persian poetry and modern cinema is explored, showing how the verb can carry emotional weight, such as pursuing a lost love or a forgotten dream. Their usage is fluid and context-appropriate.

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

C1 learners use دنبال کردن with the nuance of a native speaker. They can discuss philosophical pursuits, the following of complex legal precedents, and the tracking of subtle scientific data. At this level, the verb is often part of larger, more complex discussions about history, sociology, or law. The learner can analyze how the word's meaning has shifted over centuries and how it functions in classical Persian texts compared to modern street slang. They are also adept at using the verb in highly formal writing, knowing exactly when to swap it for a more academic synonym like 'istifā' (pursuing/seeking) or 'tahaghogh' (realization). Their mastery includes a deep understanding of the verb's rhythmic and stylistic role in Persian prose.

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

At the C2 level, mastery of دنبال کردن is complete. The learner can use it in high-level literary analysis, legal drafting, or complex political commentary. They understand the most obscure idiomatic uses and can play with the word's literal and figurative meanings for rhetorical effect. A C2 speaker might use the verb to describe the 'pursuit' of truth in a philosophical treatise or the 'tracking' of genealogical lineages in historical research. They are fully aware of the etymological roots and can discuss the evolution of compound verbs in Iranian linguistics using this word as a primary example. Their usage is indistinguishable from an educated native speaker, characterized by perfect register, precision, and cultural depth.

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

دنبال کردن در ۳۰ ثانیه

Primary meaning: To follow or pursue physically or figuratively.
Commonly used for 'following' accounts on social media platforms.
A compound verb conjugated using the light verb 'kardan'.
Requires the object marker 'rā' for specific people or things.

The Persian compound verb دنبال کردن (donbāl kardan) is a multifaceted term that primarily translates to 'to follow' or 'to pursue.' At its linguistic core, the word 'donbāl' literally refers to the 'tail' or the 'back part' of something. When combined with the light verb 'kardan' (to do/make), it creates the action of being at someone's back or tailing them. In a physical sense, it describes the act of moving behind someone or something, often with the intent to keep up or to reach the same destination. For instance, a child might follow their parent through a crowded bazaar, or a detective might follow a suspect down a narrow alleyway in Tehran. Beyond the physical, the verb has evolved significantly in the digital age. Just as in English, where we 'follow' accounts on social media, Iranians use دنبال کردن to describe the act of subscribing to someone's updates on platforms like Instagram, Twitter, or Telegram. This modern usage has made the verb ubiquitous in daily conversation among younger generations. Furthermore, the word carries a sense of pursuit regarding goals or interests. One might follow a specific career path, follow a lead in a story, or follow a dream. It implies a level of persistence and direction. It is important to distinguish this from simply 'looking for' something, which uses a similar but distinct construction 'be donbāl-e ... gaštan.' The verb دنبال کردن is active and directional.

Literal Meaning: To physically walk or move behind another entity, keeping them in sight or following their tracks.

Digital Context: To subscribe to a user's profile on social media to receive their latest posts and updates.

Abstract Pursuit: To chase a dream, a goal, or a specific line of inquiry over a period of time.

سگ گربه را در کوچه دنبال کرد.
(The dog followed/chased the cat in the alley.)

لطفاً صفحه ما را در اینستاگرام دنبال کنید.
(Please follow our page on Instagram.)

او آرزوهایش را با جدیت دنبال می‌کند.
(He follows/pursues his dreams with seriousness.)

پلیس ماشین مشکوک را دنبال کرد.
(The police followed the suspicious car.)

ما اخبار جنگ را هر روز دنبال می‌کنیم.
(We follow the war news every day.)

Understanding the nuances of this verb requires looking at the context. In a sports context, it means to follow a league or a player's progress. In a legal context, it can mean to pursue a case. In a social context, it can mean to follow a tradition or a set of rules. The versatility of دنبال کردن makes it an essential verb for any learner reaching the A2 level, as it bridges the gap between basic physical actions and more complex social and digital interactions.

Using دنبال کردن correctly involves understanding its structure as a compound verb. In Persian, compound verbs consist of a non-verbal element (in this case, the noun/adverb 'donbāl') and a light verb ('kardan'). When conjugating, only the 'kardan' part changes. For example, 'I follow' is 'donbāl mikonam,' and 'I followed' is 'donbāl kardam.' One of the most important grammatical points for learners is the use of the object marker 'rā.' If you are following a specific person or thing, you must use 'rā' after the object. For example, 'Man Ali rā donbāl kardam' (I followed Ali). However, in the context of social media, people often omit the 'rā' in casual speech, though it remains grammatically correct to include it. Another nuance is the prepositional use. While 'donbāl kardan' is the verb, 'be donbāl-e' is a prepositional phrase meaning 'after' or 'in search of.' Do not confuse 'Man donbāl-e kelid migardam' (I am looking for the key) with 'Man kelid rā donbāl mikonam' (which would weirdly mean I am following the key as it moves).

Conjugation Pattern: Present: donbāl mi-kon-am, donbāl mi-kon-i... Past: donbāl kard-am, donbāl kard-i...

The 'Rā' Marker: Essential when the object being followed is definite. 'In kānāl rā donbāl kon' (Follow this channel).

Imperative Form: To tell someone to follow, use 'donbāl kon' (singular/informal) or 'donbāl konid' (plural/formal).

او مرا در خیابان دنبال می‌کرد.
(He was following me in the street.)

آیا تو این سریال را دنبال می‌کنی؟
(Do you follow/watch this series?)

باید قوانین را دنبال کنیم.
(We must follow the rules.)

To reach 600 words of explanation here, let's delve into the causative and passive forms. While 'donbāl kardan' is active, you rarely see a passive form like 'donbāl šodan' (to be followed) in casual speech; instead, people prefer to say 'someone is following me' (yek nafar dāre man ro donbāl mikone). In academic or journalistic Persian, you might see 'peygiri kardan' as a more formal synonym for 'following up' on a task or a story. However, for an A2 learner, mastering the basic present and past tenses of دنبال کردن is the priority. Practice by describing your social media habits: 'Man fagaht dustānam rā donbāl mikonam' (I only follow my friends). This verb is also used when following instructions: 'Dastur-al-amal rā donbāl kon' (Follow the instructions). Notice how the 'rā' is consistently used for specific instructions. By integrating this verb into your daily routine—whether you're following a recipe, a GPS, or a celebrity—you will quickly become comfortable with its conjugation and usage.

You will encounter دنبال کردن in a vast array of environments, from the digital screens of smartphones to the dramatic scenes of Iranian cinema. Perhaps the most common place today is on social media. If you watch a Persian YouTuber or an Instagram influencer, they will almost certainly end their videos with 'Mā rā donbāl konid' (Follow us). This has become the standard call to action in the Persian-speaking digital world. In news broadcasts, journalists use it to describe following the developments of a story: 'Mā in gozāreš rā donbāl mikonim' (We are following/tracking this report). In daily life, you might hear it in a taxi if the driver is following a specific route or another car: 'Dāram un māšin-e sefid rā donbāl mikonam.' In literature and movies, it often appears in the context of a chase or a romantic pursuit. A character might say 'Cherā dāri man ro donbāl mikoni?' (Why are you following me?).

Social Media: The most frequent usage today. Used for 'following' accounts, channels, and pages.

News & Media: Used to indicate that a news agency is keeping track of an ongoing event or crisis.

Everyday Directions: Used when giving or following directions, like following a map or a person leading the way.

او در توییتر هزاران نفر را دنبال می‌کند.
(He follows thousands of people on Twitter.)

کارآگاه سرنخ‌ها را دنبال کرد.
(The detective followed the clues.)

ما باید مسیر رودخانه را دنبال کنیم.
(We must follow the path of the river.)

To further expand on where you hear it, consider the academic setting. A professor might ask students to 'follow' a specific logic or argument: 'In mantegh rā donbāl konid.' In a medical context, a doctor might 'follow' the progress of a disease or a patient's recovery: 'Mā vaz'iyat-e bimār rā donbāl mikonim.' Even in culinary settings, following a recipe uses this verb. The word is so deeply embedded in the Persian language that you will hear it multiple times a day if you are in a Persian-speaking environment. Whether it's a child following their mother in a park or a scientist following a data trend, دنبال کردن is the go-to verb for the concept of following. It's also worth noting that in Persian pop songs, 'donbāl kardan' is often used in the context of following a lover or 'chasing' after someone's heart, adding a poetic layer to its usage.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with دنبال کردن is confusing it with the prepositional phrase 'be donbāl-e.' While they share the same root word 'donbāl' (tail), they function differently. 'Be donbāl-e [something] gaštan' means 'to look for something.' For example, 'Man be donbāl-e kelid migardam' (I am looking for the key). Learners often mistakenly say 'Man kelid rā donbāl mikonam' when they actually mean they are searching for it. Remember: 'donbāl kardan' is following something that is already visible or known, while 'be donbāl-e ... gaštan' is searching for something lost or unknown. Another common error is the omission of the object marker 'rā.' Because English doesn't have a direct equivalent to 'rā,' students often say 'Man Ali donbāl kardam' instead of 'Man Ali rā donbāl kardam.' This makes the sentence sound incomplete. A third mistake involves the light verb. Some learners might try to use 'dāštan' or 'šodan' incorrectly with 'donbāl.' While 'donbāl šodan' (to be followed) exists, it is much less common than the active 'donbāl kardan.'

Confusing with 'Searching': Mistake: 'Man be donbāl-e u donbāl mikonam.' Correct: 'Man u rā donbāl mikonam.'

Missing 'Rā': Mistake: 'In kānāl donbāl kon.' Correct: 'In kānāl rā donbāl kon.'

Pronunciation Slip-ups: Learners sometimes struggle with the 'n' and 'b' sound together, pronouncing it as a clear 'n' when in reality it often blends into an 'm' sound (dombāl).

غلط: من دنبال کلید می‌کنم.
درست: من دنبال کلید می‌گردم.
(Wrong: I follow the key. Right: I am looking for the key.)

غلط: او من دنبال کرد.
درست: او مرا دنبال کرد.
(Wrong: He followed I. Right: He followed me.)

Additionally, learners sometimes over-rely on 'donbāl kardan' for all types of following. In Persian, there are more specific verbs for certain contexts. For instance, 'ta'ghib kardan' is more appropriate for a police pursuit or a criminal investigation. 'Peygiri kardan' is better for following up on a bureaucratic process or a business task. Using 'donbāl kardan' in these formal contexts isn't necessarily wrong, but it can sound a bit informal or simplistic. Another subtle mistake is using the wrong preposition. You follow 'someone' (object + rā), you don't follow 'to someone' or 'with someone.' Mastering these distinctions will help you sound more like a native speaker and ensure your meaning is always clear, especially in tricky situations where searching and following might overlap in English but are distinct in Persian.

Persian has several verbs that share semantic space with دنبال کردن, and understanding the differences is key to advanced proficiency. The most common synonym is 'ta'ghib kardan' (تعقیب کردن). While 'donbāl kardan' is general, 'ta'ghib kardan' specifically implies a chase or a formal pursuit, often used by the police or in legal contexts. Another important word is 'peygiri kardan' (پیگیری کردن), which translates to 'following up' or 'tracking.' You would use this when you are checking the status of a package or following up on a job application. 'Peyravi kardan' (پیروی کردن) is used for following rules, leaders, or religions—it has a sense of obedience and adherence. 'Etā'at kardan' (اطاعت کردن) is even stronger, meaning 'to obey.' In the context of social media, 'donbāl kardan' is the standard, but you might also hear 'follow kardan' (فالو کردن) as a direct loanword from English, which is extremely common in casual conversation.

Ta'ghib Kardan (تعقیب کردن): Used for chasing or official pursuit. 'Police dozd rā ta'ghib kard.'

Peygiri Kardan (پیگیری کردن): Used for following up on tasks or processes. 'Man parvandeh-am rā peygiri mikonam.'

Peyravi Kardan (پیروی کردن): Used for following laws, religions, or principles. 'Az ghānun peyravi konid.'

پلیس دزد را تعقیب کرد.
(The police chased the thief.)

من نامه‌ام را پیگیری می‌کنم.
(I am following up on my letter.)

To conclude the comparison, 'donbāl kardan' is the everyday, all-purpose verb. It covers physical following, digital following, and abstract pursuit. 'Ta'ghib' is for the intensity of a chase. 'Peygiri' is for the diligence of a process. 'Peyravi' is for the respect of a rule. By choosing the right word, you show a deeper understanding of Persian social norms and registers. For an A2 learner, focus on 'donbāl kardan' first, then gradually introduce 'peygiri' for work and 'peyravi' for formal rules. This progression will make your Persian sound more natural and precise over time.

چقدر رسمی است؟

سطح دشواری

گرامر لازم

Compound verb conjugation

Object marker 'rā'

Present continuous with 'dāštan'

Subjunctive mood with 'bāyad'

Ezafe construction in 'be donbāl-e'

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

من تو را دنبال می‌کنم.

I follow you.

Present simple tense.

او گربه را دنبال کرد.

He followed the cat.

Past simple tense.

لطفاً مرا دنبال کن.

Please follow me.

Imperative mood.

ما معلم را دنبال کردیم.

We followed the teacher.

First person plural, past tense.

سگ ماشین را دنبال می‌کند.

The dog follows the car.

Third person singular, present tense.

آنها ما را دنبال کردند.

They followed us.

Third person plural, past tense.

آیا مرا دنبال می‌کنی؟

Are you following me?

Question form, present tense.

من مادرم را دنبال می‌کنم.

I follow my mother.

Direct object with 'rā'.

من این صفحه را دنبال می‌کنم.

I follow this page.

Social media context.

او اخبار را دنبال می‌کند.

He follows the news.

Abstract following.

ما باید نقشه را دنبال کنیم.

We must follow the map.

Modal verb 'bāyad' + subjunctive.

آیا تو علی را در اینستاگرام دنبال می‌کنی؟

Do you follow Ali on Instagram?

Specific social media usage.

من دستورات را دنبال کردم.

I followed the instructions.

Following rules/steps.

او آرزوهایش را دنبال می‌کند.

She follows her dreams.

Figurative pursuit.

چرا مرا دنبال می‌کنی؟

Why are you following me?

Question with 'cherā'.

ما سریال جدید را دنبال می‌کنیم.

We follow the new series.

Following media content.

او با دقت سرنخ‌ها را دنبال کرد.

He followed the clues carefully.

Adverbial phrase 'bā deghat'.

من می‌خواهم این موضوع را دنبال کنم.

I want to follow/pursue this matter.

Infinitive construction.

آنها مسیر موفقیت را دنبال کردند.

They followed the path of success.

Metaphorical usage.

باید ببینیم چه کسی این ایده را دنبال می‌کند.

We must see who follows this idea.

Complex sentence with 'che kassi'.

او همیشه مد را دنبال می‌کند.

She always follows fashion.

Habitual action.

ما وضعیت بازار را دنبال می‌کنیم.

We follow the market situation.

Professional context.

او تصمیم گرفت هدفش را دنبال کند.

He decided to pursue his goal.

Past tense decision + subjunctive.

آیا شما این نویسنده را دنبال می‌کنید؟

Do you follow this author?

Formal 'shomā'.

دولت سیاست‌های جدیدی را دنبال می‌کند.

The government is pursuing new policies.

Political register.

او به دنبال کردن تحصیلاتش ادامه داد.

He continued pursuing his studies.

Gerund-like usage with 'edāmeh dādan'.

ما تحولات منطقه را به دقت دنبال می‌کنیم.

We are closely following the developments in the region.

Journalistic style.

او خط فکری پدرش را دنبال کرد.

He followed his father's line of thought.

Intellectual pursuit.

پلیس در حال دنبال کردن متهم است.

The police are currently following the suspect.

Present continuous with 'dar hāl-e'.

بسیاری از جوانان این ترند را دنبال می‌کنند.

Many young people follow this trend.

Sociological observation.

او پرونده حقوقی را با جدیت دنبال کرد.

He pursued the legal case with seriousness.

Legal context.

ما باید ردپای تاریخ را دنبال کنیم.

We must follow the footprints of history.

Poetic/Academic register.

فیلسوفان همواره حقیقت را دنبال کرده‌اند.

Philosophers have always pursued the truth.

Present perfect tense.

این مقاله سیر تحول زبان را دنبال می‌کند.

This article follows the evolution of language.

Academic analysis.

او با لجاجت نظر خود را دنبال می‌کرد.

He was stubbornly pursuing his own opinion.

Nuanced adverb 'bā lajājat'.

ما باید ریشه‌های این مشکل را دنبال کنیم.

We must trace/follow the roots of this problem.

Metaphorical 'roots'.

او سبک هنری خاصی را دنبال می‌کند.

He follows a specific artistic style.

Artistic register.

پژوهشگران اثرات دارو را دنبال کردند.

Researchers followed the effects of the drug.

Scientific tracking.

این کتاب سرنوشت یک خانواده را دنبال می‌کند.

This book follows the fate of a family.

Literary description.

او رد خون را تا کلبه دنبال کرد.

He followed the trail of blood to the cabin.

Narrative suspense.

او در پیگیری آرمان‌هایش هرگز تردید نکرد.

He never hesitated in pursuing his ideals.

High-level noun form 'peygiri'.

این رساله چگونگی شکل‌گیری قدرت را دنبال می‌کند.

This treatise follows how power is formed.

Complex abstract subject.

او با ظرافت تمام جزئیات را دنبال می‌کرد.

He followed all the details with utmost subtlety.

Refined adverbial phrase.

ما باید پیامدهای بلندمدت این تصمیم را دنبال کنیم.

We must follow the long-term consequences of this decision.

Strategic analysis.

او سلسله مراتب اداری را به دقت دنبال کرد.

He followed the administrative hierarchy carefully.

Institutional register.

این فیلم زوال یک امپراتوری را دنبال می‌کند.

This film follows the decline of an empire.

Epic narrative.

او ردپای اساطیر را در فرهنگ مدرن دنبال کرد.

He followed the traces of myths in modern culture.

Interdisciplinary study.

او با مداومت، مسیر تکامل خود را دنبال می‌کند.

With persistence, he follows his path of evolution.

Philosophical depth.

ترکیب‌های رایج

اخبار را دنبال کردن

صفحه را دنبال کردن

آرزوها را دنبال کردن

قوانین را دنبال کردن

مسیر را دنبال کردن

هدف را دنبال کردن

ردپا را دنبال کردن

دستورات را دنبال کردن

سرنخ را دنبال کردن

مد را دنبال کردن

عبارات رایج

مرا دنبال کن

او را دنبال نکن

دارم دنبالت می‌کنم

دنبالش برو

دنبال کردنِ رویاها

دنبال کردنِ ترندها

دنبال کردنِ پرونده

دنبال کردنِ لینک

دنبال کردنِ جدی

دنبال کردنِ مداوم

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

دنبال کردن vs به دنبالِ ... گشتن (To look for)

دنبال کردن vs پیروی کردن (To obey/adhere)

دنبال کردن vs تعقیب کردن (To chase)

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"دنبالِ نخِ تسبیح را گرفتن"

"دنبالِ شر گشتن"

"دنبالِ سایه خود دویدن"

"دنبالِ نخود سیاه فرستادن"

"دنبالِ کار را گرفتن"

"دنبالِ باد دویدن"

"دنبالِ لقمه نان بودن"

"دنبالِ حرف را گرفتن"

"دنبالِ کسی افتادن"

"دنبالِ سوراخ موش گشتن"

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

دنبال کردن vs دنباله

دنبال کردن vs دنباله دار

دنبال کردن vs به دنبال

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

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نحوه استفاده

abstract

Common in news and career talk.

physical

Standard.

social media

Extremely common.

اشتباهات رایج

Using it for 'searching' (gaštan).
Omitting 'rā' with definite objects.
Confusing 'donbāl' with 'donyā' (world).
Using 'šodan' instead of 'kardan' for active following.
Mispronouncing the 'nb' cluster.

نکات

Light Verb

Remember only 'kardan' changes when you conjugate.

Social Media

Use it for 'follow' on all apps.

Pronunciation

The 'n' often sounds like 'm' before 'b'.

Respect

Following an elder is a sign of respect.

Object Marker

Don't forget 'rā' after the person you follow.

Context

Context tells you if it's a physical chase or a digital follow.

Dreams

Use it to talk about pursuing your goals.

Search vs Follow

Don't use it for looking for lost keys.

Formal

Use 'peygiri' in office emails.

Tail

Associate 'donbāl' with a tail.

حفظ کنید

ریشه کلمه

Persian

بافت فرهنگی

Following someone too closely in public can be seen as intrusive (mozahemat).

Instagram is the primary platform where this verb is used in Iran.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"کدام سلبریتی را دنبال می‌کنی؟"

"آیا اخبار تکنولوژی را دنبال می‌کنی؟"

"چرا این مسیر را دنبال کردیم؟"

"چه کسی تو را دنبال می‌کند؟"

"آیا رویاهایت را دنبال می‌کنی؟"

موضوعات نگارش

امروز چه صفحاتی را در اینترنت دنبال کردی؟

یک بار که کسی را دنبال کردی (یا کسی تو را دنبال کرد) توصیف کن.

چرا دنبال کردنِ رویاها مهم است؟

آیا ترندهای مد را دنبال می‌کنی؟ چرا؟

چگونه اخبار روز را دنبال می‌کنی؟

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

No, that is 'be donbāl-e ... gaštan'. 'Donbāl kardan' means to follow something visible.

Yes, it is the standard word for 'following' on social media.

It is neutral and can be used in both contexts, though 'peygiri' is more formal for work.

The past tense is 'donbāl kardam' (I followed).

Yes, if the object is specific, like a person's name or 'this page'.

Yes, in very casual slang, young people say 'follow kardan'.

It means 'Come after me' or 'Follow me'.

Yes, it can mean chasing, like a dog chasing a cat.

You can say 'anfālo kardan' or 'digar donbāl nakardan'.

Yes, it literally means 'tail' or 'rear'.

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