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A2 verb #3,000 پرکاربردترین 12 دقیقه مطالعه

कम होना

To become smaller in amount, degree, or size.

kam hona
At the A1 beginner level, learners are introduced to 'कम होना' (kam hona) as a basic vocabulary item to express simple concepts of 'less' or 'decreasing'. The focus is on highly concrete, everyday situations that a beginner might encounter, such as talking about food, basic weather, or simple physical states. Learners at this stage are taught to use 'कम होना' primarily in the present simple or present continuous tenses. They learn to construct very basic sentences where the subject is a familiar noun. For example, a learner might say 'पानी कम है' (Water is less) to indicate a shortage, or 'पानी कम हो रहा है' (Water is decreasing) if they see a glass emptying. The grammatical focus is on ensuring that the learner understands that 'कम' does not change its form, but 'होना' must conjugate to match the subject. Teachers emphasize the distinction between 'कम' as an adjective (less) and 'कम होना' as a verb phrase (to become less). Vocabulary paired with this verb at the A1 level includes basic nouns like 'पानी' (water), 'खाना' (food), 'दूध' (milk), 'दर्द' (pain), and 'बुखार' (fever). The goal is not complex sentence structure, but rather the ability to communicate basic needs or observations regarding quantity and intensity. Learners are also taught the direct antonym 'ज़्यादा होना' (to be/become more) to create a conceptual pair that aids memory. Common exercises include fill-in-the-blanks with the correct conjugation of 'होना' (e.g., है, हो रहा है) based on the provided noun. Cultural context at this level might involve simple market scenarios where a buyer might point out that the quantity of vegetables given is 'कम' (less). Overall, the A1 mastery of 'कम होना' provides a crucial building block for describing states of change in the immediate physical environment.
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At the A2 elementary level, the usage of 'कम होना' (kam hona) expands significantly as learners begin to navigate more complex everyday situations and use a wider variety of tenses. Learners are expected to confidently use 'कम होना' in the past tense (कम हुआ / हुई / हुए) and the future tense (कम होगा / होगी / होंगे). This allows them to narrate past events, such as 'कल मेरा बुखार कम हुआ' (Yesterday my fever decreased), or make simple predictions, like 'सर्दियों में तापमान कम होगा' (In winter, the temperature will decrease). The vocabulary associated with the verb broadens to include concepts like 'वजन' (weight), 'कीमत' (price), 'भीड़' (crowd), and 'आवाज़' (noise/volume). A critical grammatical milestone at the A2 level is firmly establishing the difference between the intransitive 'कम होना' (to become less) and the transitive 'कम करना' (to make less). Learners practice transforming sentences to understand this distinction: 'वजन कम हुआ' (Weight decreased) versus 'मैंने वजन कम किया' (I reduced weight). This distinction is vital for accurate communication and avoiding common beginner errors. Furthermore, A2 learners start using 'कम होना' with basic modal verbs, particularly 'चाहिए' (should). They learn to express opinions or necessities, such as 'प्रदूषण कम होना चाहिए' (Pollution should decrease). Listening comprehension exercises at this level often involve short dialogues in a clinic (discussing symptoms decreasing) or a market (discussing prices dropping). The ability to accurately describe changes in states over time using different tenses makes 'कम होना' a highly functional tool for A2 learners, allowing them to participate in basic conversations about health, weather, shopping, and daily routines with greater accuracy and confidence.
At the B1 intermediate level, learners use 'कम होना' (kam hona) with much greater fluency and integrate it into more complex sentence structures. The focus shifts from concrete, physical decreases to more abstract and conceptual reductions. Learners start pairing the verb with abstract nouns such as 'तनाव' (stress), 'प्रभाव' (impact), 'रुचि' (interest), 'महत्व' (importance), and 'संभावना' (possibility). For instance, a B1 learner should be able to articulate sentences like 'इस दवा का प्रभाव धीरे-धीरे कम हो रहा है' (The impact of this medicine is slowly decreasing) or 'उसकी पढ़ाई में रुचि कम हो गई है' (His interest in studies has decreased). Grammatically, learners at this stage are introduced to the use of 'कम होना' in conditional sentences (अगर... तो...). They practice structures like 'अगर बारिश हुई, तो गर्मी कम होगी' (If it rains, the heat will decrease). They also begin to use the perfective participle form as an adjective, such as 'कम हुआ वजन' (the decreased weight) or 'कम हुई कीमतें' (the decreased prices), allowing for more descriptive and sophisticated noun phrases. Another important B1 skill is using adverbs of degree alongside 'कम होना' to add nuance, such as 'काफी कम होना' (to decrease significantly), 'थोड़ा कम होना' (to decrease a little), or 'लगातार कम होना' (to decrease continuously). The distinction between 'कम होना' and synonyms like 'घटना' (ghatna) or 'गिरना' (girna) is introduced, helping learners choose the most appropriate word for the context (e.g., using 'गिरना' for a sudden drop in temperature). By the end of the B1 level, learners can comfortably discuss trends, personal well-being, and general observations about changes in their environment or society using 'कम होना' accurately and with appropriate nuance.
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At the B2 upper-intermediate level, the application of 'कम होना' (kam hona) becomes highly nuanced, and learners are expected to use it effortlessly in both formal and informal registers. The vocabulary paired with the verb becomes increasingly sophisticated, encompassing socio-economic, political, and psychological terminology. B2 learners discuss topics like 'मुद्रास्फीति' (inflation), 'बेरोज़गारी' (unemployment), 'अपराध दर' (crime rate), 'आत्मविश्वास' (self-confidence), and 'सहिष्णुता' (tolerance). They can construct complex arguments and express detailed opinions, such as 'सरकार की नई नीतियों के कारण बाज़ार में अस्थिरता कम होने की उम्मीद है' (Due to the government's new policies, instability in the market is expected to decrease). Grammatically, learners master the use of 'कम होना' with advanced compound verb structures and passive-like constructions. They use it seamlessly with verbs of perception and cognition, e.g., 'ऐसा लगता है कि लोगों में धैर्य कम हो गया है' (It seems that patience among people has decreased). They also adeptly handle the subjunctive mood with 'कम होना' to express wishes, doubts, or hypothetical situations: 'मैं चाहता हूँ कि तुम्हारा तनाव कम हो' (I want your stress to decrease). At this level, the focus is heavily on avoiding direct translations from English and embracing native-like phrasing. Learners understand that while 'कम होना' is versatile, there are specific collocations where native speakers prefer other verbs (e.g., using 'शांत होना' for anger subsiding, though 'गुस्सा कम होना' is also correct). They can comprehend news broadcasts, read newspaper articles, and participate in debates where trends of reduction or decline are discussed, using 'कम होना' and its synonyms accurately to convey precise degrees of change and their implications.
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At the C1 advanced level, learners possess a near-native command of 'कम होना' (kam hona) and utilize it with high precision in complex, abstract, and academic or professional discourse. The usage transcends simple descriptions of decrease and enters the realm of subtle rhetorical devices, idiomatic expressions, and nuanced stylistic choices. C1 learners employ 'कम होना' in discussions involving complex societal shifts, philosophical concepts, and intricate technical processes. They might discuss the 'प्रासंगिकता का कम होना' (decrease in relevance) of a particular ideology, or the 'संवेदनशीलता का कम होना' (decrease in sensitivity) in modern society. They are entirely comfortable with complex grammatical structures, including relative clauses and participial phrases involving the verb: 'वह उत्साह, जो शुरुआत में था, अब काफी कम होता हुआ दिखाई दे रहा है' (That enthusiasm, which was there in the beginning, now appears to be significantly decreasing). At this level, learners are acutely aware of the subtle register differences between 'कम होना' and its more formal Sanskritized equivalents like 'क्षीण होना' (to diminish/weaken), 'न्यून होना' (to be minimal), or 'ह्रास होना' (to depreciate/decline). They know exactly when to deploy 'कम होना' for clarity and accessibility, and when to elevate their vocabulary for a formal essay or speech. Furthermore, C1 learners understand the cultural and emotional undertones of the phrase. They can use it to express understatement or politeness. They easily navigate idiomatic usages where 'कम' implies a lack of quality or status rather than just quantity, understanding phrases like 'किसी से कम नहीं होना' (to be no less than anyone / to be second to none). Their mastery allows them to manipulate the language to express precise degrees of mitigation, alleviation, and reduction in highly sophisticated contexts.
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At the C2 mastery level, the learner's use of 'कम होना' (kam hona) is indistinguishable from that of an educated native speaker. The verb is integrated flawlessly into the deepest layers of linguistic expression, including literature, poetry, advanced academic research, and complex socio-political commentary. C2 users do not merely use the word correctly; they exploit its full semantic range for stylistic effect. They understand how the rhythmic and phonetic qualities of 'कम होना' fit into the cadence of a sentence compared to its synonyms. In literary contexts, they can appreciate and produce metaphors where the fading of light, the ebbing of a tide, or the subsiding of a storm are expressed through nuanced applications of this verb phrase. They are adept at using it in highly specific, domain-restricted jargon (e.g., in physics discussing the decay of particles, or in economics discussing diminishing marginal utility) while maintaining perfect grammatical accuracy. At this pinnacle of proficiency, learners intuitively grasp the socio-linguistic implications of using 'कम होना' versus a regional dialectal equivalent or a highly formal Tatsam word. They can effortlessly switch registers, using 'कम होना' in a casual street conversation and then immediately transitioning to a formal debate using words like 'अल्पीकरण' (reduction) or 'न्यूनीकरण' (minimization) if the context demands it, yet knowing that 'कम होना' remains the robust, universal core of expressing decrease. They can deconstruct complex sentences where 'कम होना' interacts with multiple clauses, conditional perfects, and subtle modal nuances, demonstrating an absolute, internalized mastery of Hindi syntax and semantics.
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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

कम होना در ۳۰ ثانیه

  • Means 'to decrease' or 'to become less'.
  • It is an intransitive verb (happens on its own).
  • The word 'कम' never changes its form.
  • The verb 'होना' changes based on tense and subject.
The Hindi verb phrase 'कम होना' (kam hona) is an essential and highly frequent compound verb in the Hindi language, used to describe the process of something becoming smaller in amount, degree, size, or intensity. To fully grasp its meaning, we must break down its two constituent parts. The word 'कम' (kam) is an adjective or adverb of Persian origin meaning 'less', 'little', 'short', or 'deficient'. The word 'होना' (hona) is the fundamental Hindi auxiliary and existential verb meaning 'to be', 'to become', or 'to happen'. When combined, they form an intransitive compound verb that literally translates to 'to become less' or 'to decrease'. This verb is incredibly versatile and is used across a wide spectrum of contexts, from physical quantities to abstract concepts. For instance, you can use it to talk about the water level in a river going down, the temperature dropping during the winter, the price of vegetables decreasing in the market, or even someone's anger subsiding after an argument.
Literal Meaning
To become less or to happen less frequently.

बाज़ार में सब्ज़ियों के दाम कम होना शुरू हो गए हैं। (The prices of vegetables in the market have started to decrease.)

Understanding the intransitive nature of this verb is crucial for learners. In English, the word 'decrease' can be both transitive (I decreased the volume) and intransitive (The volume decreased). In Hindi, these two concepts are strictly separated. 'कम होना' is exclusively used for the intransitive scenario (The volume decreased). If you want to say 'I decreased the volume', you must use the transitive counterpart 'कम करना' (kam karna - to make less). This distinction is a fundamental aspect of Hindi verb mechanics.
Grammatical Category
Intransitive Compound Verb (अकर्मक संयुक्त क्रिया)

दवा खाने के बाद मेरा सिरदर्द कम होना चाहिए। (After taking the medicine, my headache should decrease.)

Furthermore, 'कम होना' can be used to describe a reduction in frequency. If someone used to visit you often but now visits rarely, you can say 'उनका आना कम हो गया है' (Their coming has become less). It can also denote a lack or shortage of something. If you are cooking and realize there is not enough salt, you might say 'नमक कम है' (Salt is less), and if it is actively depleting, 'नमक कम हो रहा है' (Salt is running low).

उम्र के साथ इंसान की ऊर्जा का कम होना स्वाभाविक है। (It is natural for a person's energy to decrease with age.)

The psychological and emotional applications of this verb are also vast. Stress (तनाव), anxiety (चिंता), love (प्यार), and enthusiasm (उत्साह) can all be subjects of 'कम होना'.
Emotional Context
Used to express the subsiding of intense feelings or emotional states.

उसका गुस्सा धीरे-धीरे कम होना शुरू हुआ। (His anger slowly started to decrease.)

बारिश का कम होना किसानों के लिए चिंता का विषय है। (The decrease in rainfall is a matter of concern for farmers.)

In summary, mastering 'कम होना' unlocks a massive portion of daily Hindi conversation, allowing you to articulate changes in the world around you, from the physical environment to the internal emotional landscape, making it an indispensable tool for any serious learner of the Hindi language.
Using 'कम होना' (kam hona) correctly requires a solid understanding of Hindi sentence structure, specifically subject-verb agreement and tense conjugation. Because 'कम होना' is an intransitive verb, the entity that is decreasing or becoming less is the grammatical subject of the sentence. The word 'कम' (kam) acts as an invariable adjective/adverb; it never changes its form regardless of the gender, number, or case of the subject. The verb 'होना' (hona), however, is highly mutable and must conjugate to agree with the subject and the tense of the sentence. Let us explore how this works across different tenses and aspects.
Present Continuous Tense
Used when something is currently in the process of decreasing.

आजकल प्रदूषण कम हो रहा है। (Nowadays, pollution is decreasing.)

In the present continuous tense, if the subject is masculine singular (like प्रदूषण - pollution), the verb becomes 'हो रहा है' (ho raha hai). If the subject is feminine singular, such as 'कीमत' (price), the sentence would be 'कीमत कम हो रही है' (kimat kam ho rahi hai). If the subject is masculine plural, like 'दाम' (prices), it becomes 'दाम कम हो रहे हैं' (daam kam ho rahe hain). Moving to the simple past tense, 'होना' conjugates to 'हुआ' (hua - masculine singular), 'हुई' (hui - feminine singular), 'हुए' (hue - masculine plural), or 'हुईं' (huin - feminine plural).
Simple Past Tense
Used for an event of decrease that has already concluded.

कल रात मेरा बुखार कम हुआ। (Last night my fever decreased.)

In the future tense, the conjugation follows the standard future endings for 'होना': 'होगा' (hoga), 'होगी' (hogi), 'होंगे' (honge).

मुझे उम्मीद है कि कल तक दर्द कम होगा। (I hope that by tomorrow the pain will decrease.)

It is also important to understand how to use 'कम होना' with modal verbs like 'चाहिए' (chahiye - should) or 'सकना' (sakna - can). When expressing a desire or obligation for something to decrease, the infinitive form 'कम होना' is used. For example, 'भ्रष्टाचार कम होना चाहिए' (Corruption should decrease). When expressing possibility, the root 'हो' is used with 'सकना': 'यह दर्द कम हो सकता है' (This pain can decrease).
With Modal Verbs
Combines the infinitive or root form with modals for nuance.

क्या इस दवा से मेरा वजन कम हो सकता है? (Can my weight decrease with this medicine?)

Another common usage pattern is the perfective participle form 'कम हुआ' used as an adjective to describe a state. For example, 'कम हुआ बुखार' (the decreased fever) or 'कम हुई कीमतें' (the decreased prices). This shows the flexibility of the phrase beyond just acting as a main verb.

उसका कम होना एक अच्छी बात है। (Its decreasing is a good thing.)

Here, 'कम होना' acts as a gerund or verbal noun. By mastering these various syntactic structures, learners can seamlessly integrate 'कम होना' into complex sentences, accurately conveying subtle shifts in quantity, quality, and intensity across all timeframes and modalities in Hindi.
The phrase 'कम होना' (kam hona) is ubiquitous in both spoken and written Hindi, appearing across a vast array of contexts ranging from casual daily conversations to formal news broadcasts. Because it describes the universal concept of reduction or decrease, its applications are practically limitless. One of the most common places you will hear this phrase is in discussions about health and physical well-being. Patients frequently use it when talking to doctors to describe their symptoms.
Medical Context
Used to describe the subsiding of symptoms, pain, or illness.

दवा लेने के बाद मेरा सिरदर्द कम होना शुरू हो गया। (After taking medicine, my headache started to decrease.)

You will also hear it constantly in the context of weather and environment. As seasons change, people discuss the shifting temperatures, rainfall, and daylight hours. In the transition from summer to autumn, a common observation would be about the heat.

शाम होते ही गर्मी कम होना तय है। (As evening falls, the heat is bound to decrease.)

Another major domain where 'कम होना' dominates is economics, commerce, and daily shopping. In Indian markets, haggling and discussing prices are daily rituals. Buyers and sellers constantly talk about rates going up or down. News anchors reporting on inflation, stock markets, or commodity prices rely heavily on this verb.
Economic Context
Used for prices, inflation, rates, and financial metrics.

पेट्रोल के दाम कम होना आम जनता के लिए राहत की बात है। (The decrease in petrol prices is a relief for the common public.)

Beyond the physical and measurable, 'कम होना' is deeply embedded in emotional and psychological discourse. It is used to describe the fading of feelings, whether positive or negative. A relationship counselor might talk about affection decreasing, or a friend might comfort another by saying their sorrow will lessen over time.

समय के साथ हर घाव का दर्द कम होना प्रकृति का नियम है। (It is nature's rule that the pain of every wound decreases with time.)

Social Context
Used to describe trends, crowd sizes, or social phenomena reducing.

रात के दस बजे के बाद सड़कों पर भीड़ का कम होना शुरू हो जाता है। (After ten at night, the crowd on the streets starts to decrease.)

You will also encounter it in educational settings, where teachers might talk about a student's mistakes decreasing ('गलतियाँ कम होना') or a student's attendance dropping. In the workplace, managers discuss workload ('काम कम होना') or stress levels. The phrase is so fundamental that it transcends register; it is equally appropriate in a highly formal academic paper discussing the reduction of carbon emissions as it is in a casual chat between friends about losing weight. Recognizing the diverse environments where 'कम होना' is deployed will significantly enhance your listening comprehension and contextual awareness in Hindi.
While 'कम होना' (kam hona) is a relatively straightforward concept, learners of Hindi frequently stumble over a few specific grammatical and conceptual hurdles when trying to use it. The most prevalent and significant mistake is confusing the intransitive 'कम होना' (to become less) with its transitive counterpart 'कम करना' (to make less / to reduce). This confusion stems from the fact that English often uses the same word for both functions. For example, in English, we say 'The price decreased' (intransitive) and 'I decreased the price' (transitive). In Hindi, these require two entirely different verbs.
Transitive vs Intransitive
Never use 'कम होना' when a subject is actively reducing an object.

Incorrect: मैंने टीवी की आवाज़ कम होना। (I decreased the TV volume.)

Correct: मैंने टीवी की आवाज़ कम की। (I reduced the TV volume.)

Another common error involves subject-verb agreement, specifically regarding gender. Because 'कम' is an invariable word, learners sometimes forget that the auxiliary verb 'होना' must still agree with the subject's gender and number. For instance, 'कीमत' (price) is feminine, while 'दाम' (price/cost) is masculine.
Gender Agreement
The verb 'होना' must match the gender of the noun that is decreasing.

Incorrect: सब्ज़ियों की कीमत कम हुआ है। (The price of vegetables has decreased - using masculine verb for feminine noun.)

Correct: सब्ज़ियों की कीमत कम हुई है। (The price of vegetables has decreased.)

Learners also sometimes struggle with the placement of 'कम होना' in complex sentences, particularly when using postpositions. Since 'कम होना' is intransitive, its subject should generally be in the direct case (unless a specific construction like the dative subject is used, though rare with this specific verb).
Ergative Case Error
Using 'ने' with an intransitive verb.

Incorrect: बुखार ने कम हुआ। (The fever decreased.)

The correct sentence is simply 'बुखार कम हुआ' (Fever decreased). Furthermore, learners sometimes redundantly use words like 'नीचे' (niche - down) with 'कम होना', saying things like 'तापमान नीचे कम हो रहा है' (Temperature is decreasing down). This is a direct translation from English phrases like 'going down' and is unnatural in Hindi. 'कम होना' inherently implies the downward trajectory of the quantity or intensity, making 'नीचे' redundant and awkward. By paying close attention to the transitive/intransitive divide, ensuring proper gender agreement, avoiding the 'ने' particle, and trusting the inherent meaning of the verb without adding redundant directional words, learners can quickly eliminate these common mistakes and sound much more natural and fluent when speaking Hindi.
The Hindi language possesses a rich vocabulary for expressing concepts of reduction, decline, and decrease. While 'कम होना' (kam hona) is the most versatile and universally understood term, there are several synonyms and related words that native speakers use to convey specific nuances, registers, or physical realities. Understanding these alternatives allows a learner to express themselves with greater precision and elegance. One of the most direct synonyms is 'घटना' (ghatna). This verb also means 'to decrease' or 'to lessen', but it often carries a slightly more formal or mathematical connotation. It is frequently used in contexts involving numbers, statistics, or measurable quantities.
घटना (Ghatna)
To decrease, often used for measurable quantities or statistics.

इस साल कंपनी का मुनाफा घटा है। (This year the company's profit has decreased.)

Another very common related word is 'गिरना' (girna), which literally translates to 'to fall'. While it is used for physical falling (like a person tripping), it is extensively used metaphorically to describe a sharp or sudden decrease in abstract concepts like prices, temperature, or standards.
गिरना (Girna)
To fall, used for sudden drops in prices, temperature, or levels.

शेयर बाज़ार में आज भारी गिरावट आई, सूचकांक गिर गया। (There was a heavy drop in the stock market today, the index fell.)

For physical objects that become smaller in size due to contraction, the word 'सिकुड़ना' (sikudna) is used. This means 'to shrink'. You would not use 'कम होना' to describe a woolen sweater that got smaller in the wash; you must use 'सिकुड़ना'.

गर्म पानी में धोने से यह कमीज़ सिकुड़ गई है। (By washing in hot water, this shirt has shrunk.)

हल्का होना (Halka hona)
To become light or mild, often used for pain, color, or rain.

अब बारिश थोड़ी हल्की हुई है। (Now the rain has become a bit lighter/decreased.)

'हल्का होना' is a beautiful alternative when talking about intensity. If a color fades, or if a severe pain becomes a dull ache, 'हल्का होना' is highly appropriate. It conveys a sense of relief or softening that 'कम होना' might not fully capture. Lastly, in highly formal or academic Hindi (often heavily Sanskritized), you might encounter words like 'न्यून होना' (nyun hona) or 'क्षीण होना' (kshin hona). 'न्यून' means minimal or deficient, and 'क्षीण' means diminished or weakened.

मरीज़ की नाड़ी क्षीण हो रही थी। (The patient's pulse was diminishing/weakening.)

While 'कम होना' will serve you perfectly well in 95% of daily situations, sprinkling in words like 'घटना' for statistics, 'गिरना' for sudden drops, and 'हल्का होना' for intensity will make your Hindi sound incredibly rich, nuanced, and native-like.

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رسمی

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غیر رسمی

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عامیانه

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سطح دشواری

گرامر لازم

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

गिलास में पानी कम है।

There is less water in the glass.

Uses 'कम' as an adjective with the simple present verb 'है'.

2

मेरा दर्द कम हो रहा है।

My pain is decreasing.

Present continuous tense 'हो रहा है' agreeing with masculine singular 'दर्द'.

3

चाय में चीनी कम है।

There is less sugar in the tea.

Simple statement of state using 'कम' to mean 'not enough'.

4

आज हवा कम है।

There is less wind today.

Describing weather conditions using 'कम'.

5

दुकान में फल कम हो गए हैं।

The fruits in the shop have become less (decreased).

Present perfect tense 'हो गए हैं' agreeing with masculine plural 'फल'.

6

रात में रोशनी कम होती है।

There is less light at night.

Habitual present tense 'होती है' agreeing with feminine singular 'रोशनी'.

7

क्या बुखार कम हुआ?

Did the fever decrease?

Simple past tense question 'हुआ' agreeing with masculine singular 'बुखार'.

8

खाना कम मत खाना।

Don't eat less food.

Using 'कम' as an adverb modifying the verb 'खाना' (to eat).

1

सर्दियों में दिन की लंबाई कम हो जाती है।

In winter, the length of the day decreases.

Habitual present with compound verb 'हो जाती है' for natural processes.

2

कल से मेरा सिरदर्द काफी कम हुआ है।

Since yesterday, my headache has decreased significantly.

Present perfect tense with the adverb 'काफी' (significantly).

3

मुझे लगता है कि बारिश जल्द ही कम होगी।

I think the rain will decrease soon.

Future tense 'होगी' agreeing with feminine noun 'बारिश'.

4

बाज़ार में टमाटर के दाम कम हो रहे हैं।

The prices of tomatoes are decreasing in the market.

Present continuous plural 'हो रहे हैं' agreeing with 'दाम'.

5

दवा खाने के बाद सूजन कम होनी चाहिए।

After taking medicine, the swelling should decrease.

Infinitive 'होनी' agreeing with feminine 'सूजन' used with modal 'चाहिए'.

6

उम्र के साथ इंसान की ताकत कम होने लगती है।

With age, a person's strength begins to decrease.

Infinitive oblique 'होने' used with 'लगना' to show the start of a process.

7

गाड़ी की गति धीरे-धीरे कम हुई।

The speed of the car decreased slowly.

Simple past feminine 'हुई' agreeing with 'गति' (speed).

8

अगर तुम रोज़ दौड़ोगे, तो तुम्हारा वजन कम होगा।

If you run daily, your weight will decrease.

Conditional sentence with future tense 'होगा'.

1

लगातार अभ्यास करने से परीक्षा का तनाव कम हो जाता है।

By practicing continuously, exam stress decreases.

Using 'कम हो जाता है' to express a general truth or result.

2

नई तकनीक के आने से पुरानी मशीनों की मांग कम हो गई है।

With the arrival of new technology, the demand for old machines has decreased.

Present perfect tense explaining a cause-and-effect relationship.

3

जैसे-जैसे हम पहाड़ पर चढ़ते हैं, ऑक्सीजन का स्तर कम होने लगता है।

As we climb the mountain, the oxygen level begins to decrease.

Correlative structure 'जैसे-जैसे' (as) with 'कम होने लगता है'.

4

उन दोनों के बीच की गलतफहमी अब काफी कम हो चुकी है।

The misunderstanding between the two of them has now decreased significantly.

Present perfect using 'चुकी है' to emphasize completion of the decrease.

5

सरकार को प्रदूषण कम होने के उपाय खोजने चाहिए।

The government should find measures for pollution to decrease.

Using 'कम होने के' (oblique infinitive) as a noun phrase.

6

उम्मीद है कि अगले महीने तक महंगाई दर में वृद्धि कम होगी।

It is hoped that by next month, the increase in the inflation rate will decrease.

Complex sentence structure discussing economic trends.

7

उसका गुस्सा कम होने का नाम ही नहीं ले रहा था।

His anger was not showing any signs of decreasing. (Idiomatic)

Idiomatic expression 'नाम नहीं लेना' (not taking the name of) meaning 'showing no signs of'.

8

पर्याप्त नींद न लेने से काम करने की क्षमता कम हो सकती है।

By not getting enough sleep, the capacity to work can decrease.

Using modal 'सकती है' to express possibility/consequence.

1

आर्थिक मंदी के दौर में, लोगों की क्रय शक्ति में भारी कमी आती है, यानी वह कम हो जाती है।

During an economic recession, there is a heavy drop in people's purchasing power, meaning it decreases.

Explaining a formal noun phrase 'कमी आना' with the simpler 'कम हो जाना'.

2

यह देखा गया है कि सोशल मीडिया के अत्यधिक उपयोग से युवाओं में एकाग्रता कम हो रही है।

It has been observed that due to excessive use of social media, concentration among youth is decreasing.

Passive introductory clause 'यह देखा गया है कि' followed by present continuous.

3

जैसे ही सच्चाई सामने आई, उसके प्रति लोगों की सहानुभूति अचानक कम हो गई।

As soon as the truth came out, people's sympathy towards him suddenly decreased.

Using 'जैसे ही' (as soon as) to show immediate consequence on an abstract noun (सहानुभूति).

4

वैश्विक तापमान के बढ़ने से ग्लेशियरों का आकार लगातार कम होता जा रहा है।

Due to the rise in global temperature, the size of glaciers is continuously decreasing.

Progressive aspect 'होता जा रहा है' indicating an ongoing, continuous process.

5

यदि समय रहते कदम नहीं उठाए गए, तो प्राकृतिक संसाधनों का भंडार खतरनाक स्तर तक कम हो जाएगा।

If steps are not taken in time, the reserve of natural resources will decrease to a dangerous level.

Conditional sentence with passive voice in the 'if' clause.

6

दवा के प्रभाव से दर्द तो कम हुआ, लेकिन पूरी तरह से खत्म नहीं हुआ।

Due to the effect of the medicine, the pain did decrease, but it did not completely end.

Using 'तो' for emphasis (did decrease) and contrasting with 'खत्म होना' (to end).

7

उम्र बढ़ने के साथ-साथ नई भाषा सीखने की क्षमता स्वाभाविक रूप से कम होने लगती है।

Along with aging, the ability to learn a new language naturally begins to decrease.

Using 'के साथ-साथ' (along with) and adverb 'स्वाभाविक रूप से' (naturally).

8

इस परियोजना में जोखिम कम होने की संभावना बहुत क्षीण है।

The possibility of the risk decreasing in this project is very slim.

Using 'कम होने की संभावना' (possibility of decreasing) as the subject.

1

आधुनिक जीवनशैली के चलते, संयुक्त परिवारों की प्रासंगिकता समाज में निरंतर कम होती प्रतीत हो रही है।

Due to the modern lifestyle, the relevance of joint families seems to be continuously decreasing in society.

Formal vocabulary (प्रासंगिकता) combined with 'प्रतीत हो रही है' (seems to be).

2

साहित्य के प्रति युवाओं के घटते रुझान को देखकर लगता है कि पठन-पाठन की संस्कृति कम हो रही है।

Seeing the declining inclination of youth towards literature, it seems the culture of reading is decreasing.

Using 'घटते रुझान' (declining inclination) as a parallel concept to 'संस्कृति कम हो रही है'.

3

जैसे-जैसे सत्ता का विकेंद्रीकरण होगा, भ्रष्टाचार के अवसर स्वतः ही कम हो जाएंगे।

As power is decentralized, the opportunities for corruption will automatically decrease.

Advanced political vocabulary with the adverb 'स्वतः ही' (automatically).

4

विपक्षी दल के तीखे प्रहारों के बावजूद, नेता की लोकप्रियता में रत्ती भर भी कमी नहीं आई, वह कम नहीं हुई।

Despite the sharp attacks of the opposition party, the leader's popularity did not drop even a tiny bit, it did not decrease.

Using the idiom 'रत्ती भर भी' (even a tiny bit) for emphasis.

5

यह विडंबना ही है कि संचार के साधन बढ़ने के बावजूद, लोगों के बीच वास्तविक संवाद कम हो गया है।

It is an irony that despite the increase in means of communication, real dialogue between people has decreased.

Contrasting 'बढ़ने' (increasing) with 'कम हो गया है' (has decreased) in a complex sentence.

6

पर्यावरणीय क्षरण के कारण कई दुर्लभ प्रजातियों के जीवित रहने की संभावनाएँ क्षीण से क्षीणतर यानी बहुत कम होती जा रही हैं।

Due to environmental degradation, the chances of survival for many rare species are becoming slimmer and slimmer, meaning they are decreasing greatly.

Explaining the highly formal 'क्षीण से क्षीणतर' with the more common 'बहुत कम होती जा रही हैं'.

7

इस नई नीति का उद्देश्य यह सुनिश्चित करना है कि समाज के हाशिए पर खड़े लोगों की परेशानियां कम हों।

The objective of this new policy is to ensure that the troubles of the marginalized people of society decrease.

Subjunctive mood 'कम हों' used after 'सुनिश्चित करना है कि' (to ensure that).

8

आयुर्वेद के अनुसार, वात दोष के कम होने से शरीर में स्थिरता आती है।

According to Ayurveda, with the decrease of Vata dosha, stability comes to the body.

Domain-specific usage (Ayurveda) using the oblique infinitive 'कम होने से'.

1

वैश्वीकरण के इस दौर में, स्थानीय संस्कृतियों की विशिष्टता का कम होना एक अपरिहार्य परिघटना प्रतीत होती है।

In this era of globalization, the decrease in the distinctiveness of local cultures seems to be an inevitable phenomenon.

Highly academic register using abstract nouns (विशिष्टता, परिघटना) and adjectives (अपरिहार्य).

2

कवि ने अपनी रचना में जीवन की संध्या का वर्णन करते हुए लिखा है कि कैसे स्मृतियों का कोलाहल धीरे-धीरे कम हो जाता है।

Describing the evening of life in his composition, the poet has written how the clamor of memories slowly decreases.

Literary and poetic usage, personifying 'स्मृतियों का कोलाहल' (clamor of memories).

3

यह तर्क कि कठोर दंड से अपराध दर कम होती है, अनुभवजन्य साक्ष्यों के अभाव में निराधार प्रतीत होता है।

The argument that the crime rate decreases with harsh punishment seems baseless in the absence of empirical evidence.

Used within a complex academic argument structure (यह तर्क कि... निराधार प्रतीत होता है).

4

जैसे-जैसे ब्रह्मांड का विस्तार हो रहा है, आकाशगंगाओं के बीच का गुरुत्वाकर्षण खिंचाव तुलनात्मक रूप से कम होता जा रहा है।

As the universe expands, the gravitational pull between galaxies is comparatively decreasing.

Scientific/astrophysical context using 'तुलनात्मक रूप से' (comparatively) and progressive aspect.

5

दार्शनिक दृष्टि से देखें तो, इच्छाओं का कम होना ही वास्तविक स्वतंत्रता की ओर पहला कदम है।

Looking from a philosophical perspective, the decrease of desires is itself the first step towards true freedom.

Philosophical context using 'कम होना' as a gerund/subject of the sentence.

6

आर्थिक उदारीकरण के पश्चात, राज्य के एकाधिकार का कम होना बाज़ार की शक्तियों के उदय का मार्ग प्रशस्त कर गया।

After economic liberalization, the decrease of the state's monopoly paved the way for the rise of market forces.

Historical/economic analysis using formal vocabulary (उदारीकरण, एकाधिकार, मार्ग प्रशस्त करना).

7

उनका यह दावा कि इस समझौते से दोनों देशों के बीच कटुता कम होगी, महज़ एक कूटनीतिक बयानबाज़ी से अधिक कुछ नहीं था।

Their claim that bitterness between the two countries will decrease with this agreement was nothing more than mere diplomatic rhetoric.

Embedded clause 'कटुता कम होगी' within a critical political analysis.

8

भाषा के मानकीकरण की प्रक्रिया में, अक्सर क्षेत्रीय बोलियों के प्रयोग का कम होना एक स्वाभाविक, यद्यपि खेदजनक, परिणाम होता है।

In the process of language standardization, the decrease in the use of regional dialects is often a natural, albeit regrettable, consequence.

Sociolinguistic context using 'कम होना' as a noun phrase representing a consequence.

ترکیب‌های رایج

दर्द कम होना
बुखार कम होना
वजन कम होना
कीमत कम होना
तापमान कम होना
गुस्सा कम होना
प्रभाव कम होना
तनाव कम होना
भीड़ कम होना
रुचि कम होना

عبارات رایج

धीरे-धीरे कम होना

लगातार कम होना

काफी कम होना

अचानक कम होना

थोड़ा कम होना

तेज़ी से कम होना

दिन-ब-दिन कम होना

कम होने का नाम न लेना

कम होता जा रहा है

कम होने की संभावना

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

कम होना vs कम करना (kam karna) - To reduce (transitive). 'कम होना' is intransitive.

कम होना vs घटना (ghatna) - To decrease. Very similar, but 'घटना' is often used for numbers/math, while 'कम होना' is broader.

कम होना vs खत्म होना (khatm hona) - To finish/end. 'कम होना' means it is less, but still exists; 'खत्म होना' means it is gone completely.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

कम होना vs

कम होना vs

कम होना vs

कम होना vs

कम होना vs

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

برای دیدن همه مثال‌ها رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

نحوه استفاده

note

While 'कम होना' is universally understood, native speakers often prefer specific verbs for specific nouns. For example, for water level, 'पानी उतरना' or 'पानी कम होना' are both used. For fever, 'बुखार उतरना' is slightly more idiomatic than 'बुखार कम होना', though both are perfectly correct and common.

اشتباهات رایج
  • Using 'कम होना' instead of 'कम करना' when a subject is actively reducing an object (e.g., saying 'मैंने आवाज़ कम होना' instead of 'मैंने आवाज़ कम की').
  • Failing to conjugate 'होना' to match the gender of the subject (e.g., saying 'कीमत कम हुआ' instead of 'कीमत कम हुई').
  • Using the ergative marker 'ने' with the subject in the past tense (e.g., saying 'बुखार ने कम हुआ' instead of 'बुखार कम हुआ').
  • Adding redundant directional words like 'नीचे' (down) (e.g., saying 'तापमान नीचे कम हो रहा है' instead of just 'तापमान कम हो रहा है').
  • Confusing 'कम' (less) with 'काम' (work) in pronunciation, leading to sentences that sound like 'work is happening' instead of 'decreasing'.

نکات

Intransitive Rule

Always remember that 'कम होना' is intransitive. The subject is the thing that is decreasing. Do not use it when someone is actively doing the decreasing; use 'कम करना' instead.

Conjugate 'होना', not 'कम'

The word 'कम' is frozen. It never changes to 'कमी' or 'कमे' to match a subject. All the grammatical changes happen to the verb 'होना' (हुआ, होगी, हो रहे हैं, etc.).

Pair with Abstract Nouns

To sound advanced, practice using 'कम होना' with abstract concepts like 'प्रभाव' (impact), 'संभावना' (possibility), or 'तनाव' (stress), not just physical things like water or money.

Avoid 'नीचे' (Down)

English speakers often say 'going down'. In Hindi, do not say 'नीचे कम हो रहा है'. 'कम होना' already implies the downward direction. Adding 'नीचे' sounds redundant.

Listen for the 'हो'

In fast speech, 'कम हो रहा है' blends together. Train your ear to catch the 'हो' sound right after 'कम' to identify the continuous tense.

Gender Agreement Check

When writing, always double-check the gender of your subject. 'कीमत कम हुई' (feminine) vs 'दाम कम हुए' (masculine). This is a common area for point deductions in exams.

Metaphorical Use

Understand that 'कम होना' can mean a loss of respect or status. If someone says 'उसकी इज़्ज़त कम हो गई', it means they lost respect, not that their respect physically shrank.

Contrast with 'बढ़ना'

Learn 'कम होना' alongside 'बढ़ना' (to increase). Practicing them as a pair (e.g., 'दिन बढ़ रहे हैं, रातें कम हो रही हैं') helps cement both in your memory.

No 'ने' Particle

Because it is intransitive, never use the 'ने' particle with the subject in past tenses. 'बुखार कम हुआ' is correct; 'बुखार ने कम हुआ' is completely wrong.

Use with 'लगना'

To say something 'began to decrease', use the oblique infinitive 'कम होने' with 'लगा/लगी'. Example: 'बारिश कम होने लगी' (The rain began to decrease). This is a very native-sounding structure.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Imagine a 'CAM' (कम) camera zooming out, making the picture look 'LESS' and smaller. It is 'HAPPENING' (होना) on its own.

ریشه کلمه

Persian + Indo-Aryan

بافت فرهنگی

Using 'कम होना' can sometimes be a polite way to state a negative fact. Instead of saying 'He is failing', one might say 'His marks are decreasing' (नंबर कम हो रहे हैं).

Essential for shopping. Vendors will say 'दाम कम नहीं होंगे' (Prices won't decrease) while buyers insist they should.

Indians frequently discuss minor ailments with family. 'बुखार कम हुआ?' (Did the fever go down?) is a standard caring question.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"क्या आजकल बाज़ार में सब्ज़ियों के दाम कम हुए हैं?"

"तुम्हें क्या लगता है, सर्दियाँ कब से कम होंगी?"

"तनाव कम करने के लिए तुम क्या करते हो?"

"क्या तुम्हारा सिरदर्द अब कुछ कम हुआ?"

"प्रदूषण कम करने के लिए हमें क्या करना चाहिए?"

موضوعات نگارش

Write about a time when a physical pain or illness you had slowly decreased.

Describe how the weather changes in your city when summer heat decreases.

Discuss a habit you had that has decreased over time.

Write an opinion piece on why reading books is decreasing among youth.

Reflect on a situation where your anger or frustration decreased after talking to someone.

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

'कम होना' is intransitive, meaning something decreases on its own (e.g., The price decreased). 'कम करना' is transitive, meaning someone actively reduces something (e.g., I reduced the price). You cannot use 'कम होना' if there is a direct object being acted upon. This is the most important distinction to learn. Always ask 'who is doing the action?' to decide which one to use.

No, the word 'कम' (kam) is an invariable adjective/adverb in Hindi. It never changes its spelling or pronunciation regardless of the gender or number of the subject. Only the auxiliary verb 'होना' (hona) changes to agree with the subject. For example, 'लड़का कम हुआ' and 'लड़की कम हुई' (though nonsensical contexts, grammatically 'कम' stays the same).

No, you should never use the ergative marker 'ने' (ne) with the subject of 'कम होना'. The 'ने' rule only applies to transitive verbs in perfective tenses. Since 'कम होना' is strictly intransitive, the subject remains in the direct (nominative) case. For example, say 'बुखार कम हुआ', never 'बुखार ने कम हुआ'.

To say 'my weight decreased' (intransitive), you say 'मेरा वजन कम हुआ' (Mera wazan kam hua). If you want to say 'I lost weight' (meaning I actively reduced it), you must use the transitive form: 'मैंने अपना वजन कम किया' (Mainne apna wazan kam kiya). Both are very common, but they use different verb forms.

It can be used for both. You can say 'पानी कम हो गया' (Water amount decreased) and 'सूजन कम हो गई' (Swelling/size decreased). However, for clothes shrinking, it is better to use 'सिकुड़ना' (sikudna). For a person's height, you wouldn't use 'कम होना' unless they are literally shrinking; you would say 'उसकी हाइट कम है' (His height is short).

Common adverbs include 'धीरे-धीरे' (dhire-dhire - slowly), 'तेज़ी से' (tezi se - rapidly), 'लगातार' (lagatar - continuously), 'काफी' (kafi - significantly/quite a bit), and 'अचानक' (achanak - suddenly). Placing these right before 'कम होना' makes your sentences much more descriptive and natural.

Absolutely. It is very commonly used to describe the subsiding of emotions. You can say 'उसका गुस्सा कम हो गया' (His anger decreased), 'मेरा तनाव कम हो रहा है' (My stress is decreasing), or 'उनका प्यार कम नहीं होगा' (Their love will not decrease). It is the standard way to express fading feelings.

When using 'चाहिए', you use the infinitive form of the verb. However, the infinitive 'होना' must agree in gender and number with the subject. For masculine singular: 'प्रदूषण कम होना चाहिए'. For feminine singular: 'महंगाई कम होनी चाहिए'. For masculine plural: 'दाम कम होने चाहिए'.

The most direct opposite is 'ज़्यादा होना' (zyada hona) or 'अधिक होना' (adhik hona), which mean 'to become more'. Another very common antonym is 'बढ़ना' (badhna), which means 'to increase' or 'to grow'. You can pair them up: 'दाम बढ़ रहे हैं या कम हो रहे हैं?' (Are prices increasing or decreasing?).

It is completely neutral and can be used in any register. You will hear it in casual street conversations, and you will read it in formal government reports. While there are more formal synonyms like 'क्षीण होना' or 'न्यून होना', 'कम होना' is never considered inappropriate or overly slangy in formal contexts.

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