सुनाना در ۳۰ ثانیه
- To tell a story or joke.
- To recite a poem or sing.
- To pronounce a legal verdict.
- To scold or reprimand someone.
The Hindi verb सुनाना (sunānā) is a fundamental vocabulary item that translates primarily to 'to tell', 'to narrate', 'to recite', or 'to communicate'. To truly grasp its meaning, one must understand its morphological roots. It is the causative form of the verb सुनना (sunnā), which means 'to listen' or 'to hear'. Therefore, the literal translation of सुनाना is 'to make someone listen' or 'to cause someone to hear'. This causative nature is crucial because it dictates how the verb interacts with subjects and objects in a sentence. When you use this verb, you are not merely speaking into the void; you are actively directing information, a story, a song, or a verdict toward a specific recipient. This inherently makes it a transitive verb that often takes two objects: the direct object (what is being told) and the indirect object (who is being told, usually marked with the postposition को).
- Morphological Breakdown
- Root: सुन (sun) -> Causative suffix: आ (ā) -> Infinitive suffix: ना (nā) = सुनाना (sunānā).
- Transitivity
- Highly transitive. It requires an agent (the teller) and a patient (the tale/song/words), and implies a recipient (the listener).
- Core Usage
- Used for continuous or structured verbal communication like stories, jokes, poems, and formal decisions.
Unlike the English verb 'to say' (which aligns closer to कहना) or 'to inform' (which aligns closer to बताना), सुनाना carries an auditory and often performative weight. You do not just 'say' a song; you 'make someone hear' it. You do not just 'say' a story; you narrate it so that the listener experiences it. This is why it is the verb of choice for entertainment, formal declarations, and even scolding (making someone hear harsh words).
दादी ने बच्चों को एक बहुत पुरानी कहानी सुनाई।
The grandmother told (narrated) a very old story to the children.
क्या तुम मुझे वह गाना सुनाओगे?
Will you sing (make me hear) that song for me?
In contemporary Hindi, the verb has also evolved to encompass metaphorical meanings. For instance, in legal contexts, a judge does not just 'give' a verdict; they 'make the court hear' it (फैसला सुनाना). In interpersonal conflicts, if someone is angry, they might 'make you hear' their grievances or insults (खरी-खोटी सुनाना). This demonstrates the versatility of the verb, stretching from the tender act of a mother singing a lullaby (लोरी सुनाना) to the harsh reality of a boss reprimanding an employee. The underlying thread in all these contexts is the transfer of auditory information from an active source to a passive or captive audience.
जज ने अपराधी को मौत की सजा सुनाई।
The judge pronounced (made hear) the death sentence to the criminal.
उसने मुझे फोन पर सारी बात सुनाई।
He told me the whole matter over the phone.
कृपया मुझे कोई चुटकुला सुनाओ।
Please tell me a joke.
- Direct Object
- The thing being told (story, song, joke, verdict). This dictates the gender agreement in perfective tenses.
- Indirect Object
- The listener. Always takes the postposition को (ko) or से (se) depending on regional dialects, though को is standard.
To master this verb is to unlock a significant portion of expressive Hindi. It allows you to participate in the rich tapestry of Indian storytelling, express your emotions verbally, and understand formal declarations. Practice identifying the direct object in sentences using this verb, as it will drastically improve your grammatical accuracy, especially when dealing with past tense narratives where the ergative 'ne' construction comes into play.
Using सुनाना (sunānā) correctly requires a solid understanding of Hindi sentence structure, particularly regarding transitivity and case marking. Because it is a transitive verb, its usage changes significantly depending on the tense. In non-perfective tenses (present, future, continuous), the subject remains in the nominative case (unmarked), and the verb agrees with the subject in gender and number. However, in perfective tenses (simple past, present perfect, past perfect), Hindi employs the ergative alignment. This means the subject must take the postposition ने (ne), and the verb will agree with the direct object (the thing being told) in gender and number. This is often the biggest hurdle for learners.
- Present Tense (Non-Ergative)
- Subject (Nominative) + Indirect Object + को + Direct Object + सुनाता/सुनाती/सुनाते + हूँ/है/हैं। Example: मैं तुम्हें कहानी सुनाता हूँ। (I tell you a story.)
- Past Tense (Ergative)
- Subject + ने + Indirect Object + को + Direct Object + सुनाया/सुनाई/सुनाए। Example: मैंने तुम्हें कहानी सुनाई। (I told you a story. - 'कहानी' is feminine, so 'सुनाई').
- Future Tense
- Subject + Indirect Object + को + Direct Object + सुनाऊँगा/सुनाऊँगी। Example: मैं तुम्हें कहानी सुनाऊँगा। (I will tell you a story.)
Let us delve deeper into the ergative construction, as it is critical. When you say 'He told a joke', the Hindi translation is 'उसने चुटकुला सुनाया'. Here, 'उसने' (usne) is the subject 'he' marked with 'ne'. 'चुटकुला' (cuṭkulā - joke) is the direct object, which is masculine singular. Therefore, the verb becomes 'सुनाया' (sunāyā - masculine singular). If the object changes to a feminine word like 'कविता' (kavitā - poem), the sentence becomes 'उसने कविता सुनाई' (usne kavitā sunāī). The verb changes to 'सुनाई' to match the feminine object, regardless of whether the speaker (the subject) is male or female. This object-verb agreement in the past tense is a hallmark of Hindi grammar and must be practiced extensively.
शिक्षक ने छात्रों को एक कविता सुनाई।
The teacher recited a poem to the students. (Notice 'ne' with subject, 'ko' with indirect object, and 'sunai' agreeing with feminine 'kavita').
वह हर रात अपने बेटे को लोरी सुनाती है।
She sings a lullaby to her son every night. (Present tense, verb agrees with the female subject 'vah').
Another important aspect of using this verb is its combination with compound verbs. In Hindi, verbs are often paired to add nuance. For example, 'सुना देना' (sunā denā) adds a sense of completion or suddenness to the act of telling. 'सुना डालना' (sunā ḍālnā) implies telling something forcefully or without hesitation. 'सुनाते रहना' (sunāte rahnā) means to keep on telling or narrating. These compound forms are ubiquitous in native speech and elevate your Hindi from textbook level to natural fluency. When using compound verbs in the perfective tense, the transitivity of the *main* verb (सुनाना) dictates the use of 'ne', but the conjugation happens on the auxiliary verb (देना, डालना).
गुस्से में उसने मुझे बहुत कुछ सुना दिया।
In anger, he told me off (said a lot of harsh things to me). (Using compound verb 'suna diya').
तुम बस अपनी ही सुनाते रहते हो, मेरी कभी नहीं सुनते।
You just keep telling your own things, you never listen to me. (Using continuous compound 'sunate rahte ho').
मैंने उसे सारी हकीकत सुना डाली।
I blurted out the entire truth to him forcefully.
- Imperative Usage
- To command or request someone to tell something. Informal: सुना (sunā). Familiar: सुनाओ (sunāo). Formal: सुनाइए (sunāie).
- Passive Voice
- Formed by using the perfect participle of सुनाना + जाना. Example: कहानी सुनाई गई (The story was told).
Finally, consider the register and politeness levels. When asking an elder or a respected person to narrate something, always use the formal imperative 'सुनाइए' (sunāie). For example, 'दादाजी, कृपया एक कहानी सुनाइए' (Grandfather, please tell a story). Using the familiar 'सुनाओ' (sunāo) with elders is considered disrespectful. Mastering these subtle shifts in grammar, compound usage, and politeness will make your use of this verb highly effective and culturally appropriate.
The verb सुनाना (sunānā) is ubiquitous in Hindi-speaking environments, echoing through various facets of daily life, media, literature, and formal institutions. Because it inherently involves an audience, you will hear it wherever there is an exchange of narrative, entertainment, or official declarations. One of the most common and endearing contexts is within the family home. Grandparents are the traditional custodians of folklore and mythology, and the phrase 'कहानी सुनाना' (kahānī sunānā - to tell a story) is deeply nostalgic for most native speakers. Bedtime routines often involve a mother 'लोरी सुनाना' (lorī sunānā - singing a lullaby) to her child. In these domestic settings, the verb carries a tone of affection, tradition, and bonding.
- Domestic Life
- Grandparents telling tales (दादी की कहानी), mothers singing lullabies (माँ की लोरी), children reciting what they learned at school.
- Social Gatherings
- Friends sharing gossip (किस्सा सुनाना), cracking jokes at a party (चुटकुला सुनाना), or sharing personal woes (दुखड़ा सुनाना).
- Formal & Legal
- Judges delivering verdicts (फैसला सुनाना), officials reading out orders (आदेश सुनाना).
Moving beyond the home, social interactions among friends and colleagues frequently employ this verb. When friends meet after a long time, one might say, 'अपना हाल सुनाओ' (apnā hāl sunāo - tell me your condition/how you are). If someone has a funny incident to share, they will say, 'मैं तुम्हें एक मजेदार किस्सा सुनाता हूँ' (main tumhein ek majedār kissā sunātā hoon - I will tell you a funny anecdote). In these contexts, the verb facilitates social cohesion and the sharing of personal experiences. It is also the verb used when someone complains or vents their frustrations, often referred to as 'अपना दुखड़ा सुनाना' (apnā dukhṛā sunānā - to narrate one's tale of sorrow).
चलो, अब तुम अपने ट्रिप का हाल सुनाओ।
Come on, now tell us the account of your trip.
वह हमेशा अपनी ही परेशानियां सुनाता रहता है।
He is always narrating his own problems.
In formal and institutional settings, the verb takes on a more authoritative tone. In a courtroom, the climax of a trial is when the judge 'फैसला सुनाता है' (faislā sunātā hai - pronounces the verdict). The use of the verb here underscores the public and definitive nature of the declaration; the verdict is made to be heard by all present. Similarly, in a classroom, a teacher might ask a student to 'कविता सुनाओ' (kavitā sunāo - recite the poem) or 'पहाड़े सुनाओ' (pahāṛe sunāo - recite the multiplication tables) to test their memory and oral proficiency. News anchors might also use it when presenting a special report or an eyewitness account.
सुप्रीम कोर्ट कल अपना अंतिम फैसला सुनाएगा।
The Supreme Court will pronounce its final verdict tomorrow.
कवि सम्मेलन में मशहूर कवियों ने अपनी गजलें सुनाईं।
In the poetry gathering, famous poets recited their ghazals.
बॉस ने मीटिंग में सबको खूब खरी-खोटी सुनाई।
The boss scolded everyone severely (made them hear harsh words) in the meeting.
- Idiomatic Usage
- 'सुनाना' can mean to scold or insult when used with words like 'खरी-खोटी' (good and bad) or 'गालियां' (abuses). Even standing alone, 'उसने मुझे बहुत सुनाया' implies 'He scolded me a lot'.
- Religious Contexts
- Priests recite scriptures (कथा सुनाना), which is a central part of Hindu rituals like the Satyanarayan Katha.
Understanding where you hear this verb helps you grasp its multifaceted nature. It is not just a neutral verb for communication; it is colored by the context. It can be comforting, entertaining, authoritative, or aggressive. By paying attention to the nouns it pairs with—kahani, chotkula, faisla, khari-khoti—you can instantly decode the emotional tone of the conversation. This contextual awareness is what separates a beginner from a fluent speaker who understands the cultural heartbeat of the language.
When learning सुनाना (sunānā), students frequently encounter a few specific stumbling blocks. Because English often uses the single verb 'to tell' for various contexts, learners tend to overextend or misuse Hindi equivalents. The most prevalent mistake is confusing सुनाना with बताना (batānā - to inform/tell a fact) and कहना (kahnā - to say). If you want to tell someone your name, your address, or a piece of factual information, you must use बताना. Saying 'मैं तुम्हें अपना नाम सुनाता हूँ' sounds comical to a native speaker, as if you are going to sing or narrate an epic tale about your name. Similarly, if you are just quoting someone or making a simple statement, कहना is appropriate. सुनाना is strictly reserved for narratives, performances, and structured auditory deliveries.
- Mistake 1: Using it for simple facts
- Incorrect: उसने मुझे रास्ता सुनाया। (He narrated the route to me.)
Correct: उसने मुझे रास्ता बताया। (He told/showed me the route.) - Mistake 2: Missing the Ergative 'ने'
- Incorrect: मैं एक कहानी सुनाया। (I told a story - missing 'ne').
Correct: मैंने एक कहानी सुनाई। (I told a story - 'ne' added, verb agrees with feminine 'kahani'). - Mistake 3: Incorrect Object Agreement
- Incorrect: राम ने मुझे चुटकुला सुनाई। (Ram told me a joke - verb incorrectly feminine).
Correct: राम ने मुझे चुटकुला सुनाया। (Ram told me a joke - verb correctly masculine to match 'chutkula').
The second major category of mistakes revolves around the ergative case (the use of 'ने') in past tenses. Because सुनाना is a transitive verb, any sentence using it in the simple past, present perfect, or past perfect tense MUST have the subject marked with 'ने' (ne). Beginners often forget this and say things like 'वह मुझे कहानी सुनाया' instead of the correct 'उसने मुझे कहानी सुनाई'. Furthermore, once 'ने' is applied, the verb no longer agrees with the subject; it must agree with the direct object. If a man tells a story (कहानी - feminine), the verb must be feminine (सुनाई). If a woman tells a joke (चुटकुला - masculine), the verb must be masculine (सुनाया). This disconnect between the speaker's gender and the verb's gender in the past tense is highly counterintuitive for English speakers.
सीता ने मुझे एक गाना सुनाई।
सीता ने मुझे एक गाना सुनाया।
Even though Sita is female, 'gana' (song) is masculine, so the verb must be 'sunaya'.
मैं आपको एक बात सुनाना चाहता हूँ।
मैं आपको एक बात बताना चाहता हूँ।
For telling a 'matter' or 'fact' (baat), 'batana' is usually better unless it's a long narrative.
Another subtle mistake is the omission of the indirect object marker 'को' (ko). When you narrate something to someone, that person is the recipient of the action. In Hindi, this recipient must be marked with 'को'. Saying 'मैंने राम कहानी सुनाई' is incorrect; it must be 'मैंने राम को कहानी सुनाई' (I told the story TO Ram). Sometimes learners use 'से' (se - to/with) instead of 'को', saying 'मैंने राम से कहानी सुनाई'. While 'से' is used with कहना (राम से कहो - say to Ram), with सुनाना and बताना, 'को' is the standard and correct postposition (राम को सुनाओ - narrate to Ram).
उसने अपने दोस्त से एक चुटकुला सुनाया।
उसने अपने दोस्त को एक चुटकुला सुनाया।
Always use 'ko' for the listener when using sunana.
- Pronunciation Error
- Failing to stress the long 'ā' in the middle. If you say 'sunna' instead of 'sunānā', you change 'tell' to 'listen'.
- Overusing in Formal Writing
- In highly academic texts, words like 'वर्णन करना' (to describe) or 'प्रस्तुत करना' (to present) might be preferred over the more conversational 'सुनाना'.
To avoid these common pitfalls, practice creating triads: Subject + Listener + Object. For example: [मैंने] [बच्चों को] [कहानी] [सुनाई]. Drill this structure repeatedly with different subjects, listeners, and objects (varying the gender of the object to practice verb agreement). By consciously separating the act of 'informing' (बताना) from 'narrating' (सुनाना), and by mastering the ergative 'ने' rule, you will eliminate 90% of the errors associated with this essential Hindi verb.
The Hindi language possesses a rich vocabulary for communication, and सुनाना (sunānā) exists within a web of closely related verbs. Understanding the subtle distinctions between these synonyms is a hallmark of advanced proficiency. The most immediate neighbors in this semantic field are कहना (kahnā), बताना (batānā), and बोलना (bolnā). While a beginner might translate all of these as 'to say' or 'to tell', a native speaker intuitively knows exactly when to deploy each one based on the nature of the information and the relationship with the listener. Let us dissect these differences to clarify the unique space that सुनाना occupies.
- कहना (kahnā) - To Say / To State
- This is the most general verb for speaking. It focuses on the utterance itself rather than the audience. You use 'से' (se) for the listener. Example: उसने मुझसे कहा (He said to me). It is used for quotes, opinions, and simple statements.
- बताना (batānā) - To Tell / To Inform
- This focuses on the transfer of factual information, directions, or secrets. You use 'को' (ko) for the listener. Example: उसने मुझे सच बताया (He told me the truth). You don't 'batana' a song; you 'batana' an address.
- सुनाना (sunānā) - To Narrate / To Recite
- This focuses on the auditory experience and the narrative arc. It is for stories, jokes, poems, and scolding. Example: उसने मुझे कहानी सुनाई (He told me a story).
To illustrate, imagine you have a secret. If you state the secret out loud, you use कहना (मैंने अपना राज़ कहा). If you inform your friend about the secret so they know the facts, you use बताना (मैंने उसे अपना राज़ बताया). But if your secret is a long, dramatic saga of how you found a hidden treasure, and you make your friend sit down to listen to the whole epic tale, you use सुनाना (मैंने उसे अपने राज़ की पूरी कहानी सुनाई). The duration, structure, and performative aspect dictate the use of सुनाना. Furthermore, बोलना (bolnā) simply means 'to speak' or 'to talk' (a physical action or ability) and rarely takes a direct object like a story or a song.
वह सच बता रहा है। (He is telling the truth - fact)
वह कविता सुना रहा है। (He is reciting a poem - performance)
राम ने श्याम से कहा कि वह नहीं आएगा। (Ram said to Shyam that he won't come - statement)
राम ने श्याम को अपना दुखड़ा सुनाया। (Ram narrated his tale of woe to Shyam - narrative)
In more formal or literary contexts, you might encounter higher-register synonyms. For instance, वर्णन करना (varṇan karnā) means 'to describe' and is used in written texts or formal speeches. बयान करना (bayān karnā), derived from Arabic/Persian, means 'to narrate' or 'to state' and is often used in legal contexts (like giving a statement to the police) or poetic contexts. पाठ करना (pāṭh karnā) is specifically used for reciting religious scriptures or formal texts. While सुनाना can cover the casual aspects of all these actions, using these specific terms elevates the formality of your Hindi.
गवाह ने अदालत में पूरी घटना बयान की।
The witness narrated the whole incident in court. (More formal than सुनाई).
- उच्चारण करना (uccāraṇ karnā)
- To pronounce. Focuses purely on the phonetics, not the meaning or the audience.
- समझाना (samjhānā)
- To explain. The causative of समझना (to understand). You use this when the goal is comprehension, whereas सुनाना's goal is merely the act of hearing.
By mapping out these similar words, you build a precise mental dictionary. You learn not just what a word means, but what it *does not* mean. सुनाना is not for facts, not for simple statements, and not for making someone understand. It is the art of making someone hear a structured piece of audio—be it a melodious song, an engaging story, a harsh reprimand, or a final verdict. Mastering this distinction will make your spoken Hindi sound incredibly natural and nuanced.
چقدر رسمی است؟
سطح دشواری
گرامر لازم
Ergative Case (ने) with Transitive Verbs in Perfective Tenses
Dative Case (को) for Indirect Objects
Causative Verbs (First Causative -आना suffix)
Compound Verbs (Verb Root + देना/डालना)
Verb Agreement with Object in Past Tense
مثالها بر اساس سطح
मैं एक कहानी सुनाता हूँ।
I tell a story.
Present tense, first person masculine singular. Subject 'मैं' (I), object 'कहानी' (story).
तुम गाना सुनाओ।
You sing a song.
Imperative informal. 'तुम' (you) takes the 'ओ' (o) ending on the verb root.
दादी कहानी सुनाती हैं।
Grandmother tells a story.
Present tense, respectful plural for elders. 'सुनाती हैं' (sunātī hain).
मुझे एक चुटकुला सुनाओ।
Tell me a joke.
Imperative with indirect object 'मुझे' (to me).
क्या तुम कहानी सुनाते हो?
Do you tell stories?
Present tense interrogative. 'तुम' takes 'ते हो' (te ho).
वह मुझे कविता सुनाता है।
He recites a poem to me.
Present tense, third person singular masculine. Indirect object 'मुझे'.
माँ लोरी सुनाती है।
Mother sings a lullaby.
Present tense, third person singular feminine.
हम आपको कहानी सुनाते हैं।
We tell you a story.
Present tense, first person plural. Indirect object 'आपको' (to you, formal).
मैंने उसे एक कहानी सुनाई।
I told him/her a story.
Simple past, ergative case. 'मैंने' (I + ne). Verb 'सुनाई' agrees with feminine object 'कहानी'.
उसने मुझे एक गाना सुनाया।
He/She sang a song to me.
Simple past, ergative. Verb 'सुनाया' agrees with masculine object 'गाना'.
राम ने सीता को चुटकुला सुनाया।
Ram told a joke to Sita.
Simple past. Subject + ne, Indirect Object + ko, Direct Object, Verb.
क्या तुमने उसे बात सुनाई?
Did you tell him/her the matter?
Past interrogative. 'बात' (matter) is feminine, so verb is 'सुनाई'.
शिक्षक ने बच्चों को कविता सुनाई।
The teacher recited a poem to the children.
Ergative past. 'बच्चों को' is the indirect object.
मैंने कल एक अच्छी कहानी सुनाई थी।
I had told a good story yesterday.
Past perfect tense. 'सुनाई थी' (had told).
उसने मुझे अपना नाम नहीं सुनाया।
He didn't tell me his name. (Note: 'बताया' is better here, but 'सुनाया' is sometimes used colloquially for 'made me hear').
Negative past tense.
बच्चों ने दादी को गाना सुनाया।
The children sang a song to grandmother.
Plural subject with 'ne', verb agrees with singular masculine object 'गाना'.
गुस्से में उसने मुझे बहुत खरी-खोटी सुनाई।
In anger, he/she scolded me a lot.
Idiomatic use. 'खरी-खोटी' (good and bad words) is feminine plural, so verb is 'सुनाई'.
वह हमेशा अपना ही दुखड़ा सुनाता रहता है।
He always keeps narrating his own tale of woe.
Continuous compound verb 'सुनाता रहता है' (keeps on telling).
मैंने उसे फोन पर सारी बात सुना दी।
I told him the whole matter over the phone (completely).
Compound verb 'सुना दी' (suna + dena) indicating completion. Ergative past.
मुझे वह पुराना गाना फिर से सुनाओ।
Sing that old song to me again.
Imperative with adverb 'फिर से' (again).
जब मैं वहाँ गया, तो उसने मुझे एक किस्सा सुनाया।
When I went there, he told me an anecdote.
Complex sentence with 'जब... तो' (when... then).
क्या तुम मुझे कल की घटना सुना सकते हो?
Can you narrate yesterday's incident to me?
Use of modal verb 'सकना' (can) with the root 'सुना'.
उसे यह खबर मत सुनाना, वह रोने लगेगी।
Don't tell her this news, she will start crying.
Negative infinitive used as a strong imperative 'मत सुनाना'.
सभा में एक बहुत सुंदर कविता सुनाई गई।
A very beautiful poem was recited in the assembly.
Passive voice. 'सुनाई गई' (was told/recited).
जज ने अपराधी को उम्रकैद का फैसला सुनाया।
The judge pronounced the verdict of life imprisonment to the criminal.
Formal/Legal vocabulary. 'फैसला सुनाया' (pronounced verdict).
नेता जी ने जनता को झूठे वादे सुनाए।
The politician narrated (made them hear) false promises to the public.
Plural masculine object 'वादे' (promises) -> verb 'सुनाए'.
अगर तुम मुझे पहले सच सुना देते, तो यह नौबत नहीं आती।
If you had told me the truth earlier, this situation wouldn't have arisen.
Past conditional tense with compound verb 'सुना देते'.
उसने मुझे ऐसी बातें सुनाईं कि मेरा दिल टूट गया।
He said such things to me that my heart broke.
Feminine plural object 'बातें' -> verb 'सुनाईं' (with nasalization).
रेडियो पर प्रधानमंत्री का संदेश सुनाया जा रहा है।
The Prime Minister's message is being broadcast (made to be heard) on the radio.
Present continuous passive voice 'सुनाया जा रहा है'.
मुझे तुम्हारी ये रोज़-रोज़ की शिकायतें नहीं सुननी, कुछ नया सुनाओ।
I don't want to hear your daily complaints, tell me something new.
Contrast between 'सुननी' (to listen) and 'सुनाओ' (to tell).
उसने बिना डरे मैनेजर को सारी सच्चाई सुना डाली।
He blurted out the whole truth to the manager without fear.
Compound verb 'सुना डाली' (suna + dalna) showing forceful action.
कवि सम्मेलन में हर कवि ने अपनी बेहतरीन रचना सुनाई।
In the poetry symposium, every poet recited their best composition.
Literary context. 'रचना' (composition) is feminine.
उसने महफ़िल में ऐसी ग़ज़ल सुनाई कि सब वाह-वाह कर उठे।
He recited such a ghazal in the gathering that everyone exclaimed in praise.
Cultural context (Mahfil, Ghazal). Result clause with 'कि'.
बिना कुछ कहे ही, उसकी खामोशी ने मुझे पूरी दास्तान सुना दी।
Without saying anything, his silence narrated the whole epic to me.
Metaphorical use. Subject is 'खामोशी' (silence).
मुझे ताने मत सुनाओ, मैं अपनी गलती मान चुका हूँ।
Don't taunt me (make me hear taunts), I have already admitted my mistake.
Idiomatic use. 'ताने सुनाना' (to taunt).
विपक्ष ने संसद में सरकार को खूब खरी-खोटी सुनाई।
The opposition severely reprimanded the government in the parliament.
Political/Formal context. Idiom 'खरी-खोटी सुनाना'.
यह किस्सा मुझे मेरे दादाजी ने सुनाया था, और आज मैं तुम्हें सुना रहा हूँ।
This anecdote was told to me by my grandfather, and today I am telling it to you.
Connecting past perfect with present continuous to show oral tradition.
अदालत द्वारा फैसला सुनाए जाने के बाद सन्नाटा छा गया।
After the verdict was pronounced by the court, silence fell.
Passive participle construction 'सुनाए जाने के बाद'.
उसने अपनी आत्मकथा में अपने संघर्ष की कहानी बड़ी बेबाकी से सुनाई है।
In his autobiography, he has narrated the story of his struggle very boldly.
Present perfect tense 'सुनाई है' in a literary context.
तुम्हें अपनी सफाई में जो भी सुनाना है, जज साहब को सुनाना।
Whatever you have to say in your defense, tell it to the judge.
Infinitive used as a noun/obligation 'जो भी सुनाना है'.
मुशायरे की उस रात, उसने अपने दर्द को अल्फाज़ों में पिरोकर कुछ यूँ सुनाया कि आँखें नम हो गईं।
That night at the poetry reading, he wove his pain into words and recited it in such a way that eyes grew moist.
Highly literary and poetic sentence structure.
इतिहास हमें विजेताओं की गाथाएँ तो सुनाता है, पर पराजितों का रुदन अक्सर अनसुना रह जाता है।
History narrates the sagas of the victors to us, but the weeping of the defeated often remains unheard.
Personification of history. Contrast between 'सुनाता' and 'अनसुना'.
उसने मुझे इस कदर सुनाया कि मेरे पास जवाब देने के लिए कोई शब्द ही नहीं बचे।
He berated me to such an extent that I had no words left to reply.
'सुनाया' used absolutely (without a direct object) to mean severe scolding.
लोकगीत केवल गाए नहीं जाते, वे एक पीढ़ी से दूसरी पीढ़ी को अपनी संस्कृति की पहचान सुनाते हैं।
Folk songs are not merely sung; they narrate the identity of their culture from one generation to the next.
Abstract use of the verb to mean transmitting cultural identity.
न्यायाधीश ने जब मृत्युदंड का फैसला सुनाया, तो कटघरे में खड़ा मुजरिम पत्थर सा हो गया।
When the judge pronounced the death sentence, the culprit standing in the dock turned to stone.
Complex narrative sentence with vivid imagery.
तुम मुझे किताबी बातें मत सुनाओ, मैंने दुनिया देखी है।
Don't preach bookish things to me (make me hear bookish talk), I have seen the world.
Colloquial and dismissive use of the verb.
उस फकीर ने दो लफ्जों में ज़िंदगी का वो फलसफा सुना दिया जो बड़ी-बड़ी किताबें नहीं समझा पातीं।
That ascetic narrated the philosophy of life in two words which voluminous books cannot explain.
Philosophical context. Compound verb 'सुना दिया'.
उनकी खामोशी चीख-चीख कर वो दास्तान सुना रही थी जिसे उनके होंठ बयां करने से कतरा रहे थे।
Their silence was screamingly narrating the tale that their lips were hesitating to express.
Oxymoron (silence screamingly narrating). High literary register.
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
اصطلاحات و عبارات
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
الگوهای جملهسازی
نحوه استفاده
'सुनाना' is heavily used in slang to mean 'insulting' or 'roasting' someone. E.g., 'भाई, तूने तो उसे मस्त सुनाया!' (Bro, you roasted him perfectly!).
Replacing 'सुनाना' with 'प्रस्तुत करना' (to present) or 'वर्णन करना' (to describe) immediately shifts the register from conversational to highly formal/academic.
In some eastern dialects (Bhojpuri influenced), the 'ne' rule might be dropped colloquially, but in standard Khari Boli Hindi, it is strictly required.
- Using 'सुनाना' instead of 'बताना' to tell someone a fact or direction.
- Forgetting to add 'ने' (ne) to the subject in the past tense (e.g., saying 'मैं कहानी सुनाया' instead of 'मैंने कहानी सुनाई').
- Making the past tense verb agree with the speaker's gender instead of the object's gender (e.g., a woman saying 'मैंने चुटकुला सुनाई' instead of 'सुनाया').
- Using 'से' (se) instead of 'को' (ko) for the listener (e.g., 'राम से सुनाओ' instead of 'राम को सुनाओ').
- Confusing 'सुनना' (to listen) with 'सुनाना' (to tell) due to poor pronunciation of the long 'ā' vowel.
نکات
The 'Ne' Rule
Always use 'ने' (ne) with the subject when using 'सुनाना' in the past tense. Example: राम ने कहानी सुनाई।
Object Agreement
In the past tense, make sure the verb ends in -आ (masculine) or -ई (feminine) based on the object (the story/joke), not the speaker.
Story vs Fact
Use 'सुनाना' for stories (कहानी), jokes (चुटकुला), and poems (कविता). Use 'बताना' for facts, names, and directions.
Use 'Ko' for the Listener
Always mark the person listening with 'को' (ko). Example: बच्चों को (to the children), मुझे (to me).
Stretch the 'Aa'
Pronounce it su-NAA-na. If you make the middle vowel short, it sounds like 'sunna' (to listen).
Scolding
If you want to say you scolded someone, say 'मैंने उसे खूब सुनाया' (I made him hear a lot).
Formal Requests
When asking an elder to tell a story, use the formal imperative 'सुनाइए' (sunāie), not 'सुनाओ' (sunāo).
Compound Verbs
Use 'सुना देना' to indicate you finished telling the story, or 'सुना डालना' to show you blurted it out forcefully.
Context Clues
If you hear 'सुनाना' in a news broadcast, it almost always refers to a judge pronouncing a 'फैसला' (verdict).
Causative Link
Remember that adding 'aa' to a Hindi verb often makes it causative. Sunna (listen) -> SunAana (make listen/tell).
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
If you want to tell a story about the SUN, you say 'SUN-A-NA' to make them listen.
ریشه کلمه
Sanskrit
بافت فرهنگی
Telling someone off (खरी-खोटी सुनाना) is considered very direct and aggressive, often causing loss of face in polite society.
Use 'सुनाइए' (sunāie) for elders/respect, 'सुनाओ' (sunāo) for friends, 'सुना' (sunā) for intimates/inferiors.
In some rural dialects, 'सुनाना' might be replaced by local causative forms, but it is universally understood across the Hindi belt.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"क्या आप मुझे अपने बचपन की कोई कहानी सुना सकते हैं? (Can you tell me a story from your childhood?)"
"आपने हाल ही में कोई अच्छा गाना सुना है? मुझे भी सुनाओ! (Have you heard a good song recently? Sing it for me too!)"
"कल मीटिंग में बॉस ने क्या फैसला सुनाया? (What decision did the boss announce in the meeting yesterday?)"
"मुझे अपना कोई मज़ेदार किस्सा सुनाओ। (Tell me a funny anecdote of yours.)"
"क्या आपको कोई कविता याद है? सुनाइए ना। (Do you remember any poem? Please recite it.)"
موضوعات نگارش
Write about a time someone 'सुनाया' (scolded) you and how you felt.
Describe a story your grandparents used to 'सुनाना' to you.
If you were a judge, what 'फैसला' (verdict) would you 'सुनाना' to a thief who stole food?
Write a short 'कहानी' (story) that you would like to 'सुनाना' to a child.
Recall a moment when you had to 'सुनाना' the truth to a friend.
سوالات متداول
10 سوال'बताना' (batānā) is used for giving factual information, like an address, a name, or a secret. 'सुनाना' (sunānā) is used for narrating a structured piece of audio, like a story, a joke, a poem, or a song. You 'batao' the truth, but you 'sunao' a story.
Because 'सुनाना' is a transitive verb (it takes a direct object, like a story). In Hindi, all transitive verbs require the subject to take the 'ने' marker in perfective tenses (simple past, present perfect, past perfect).
It is masculine. In the ergative construction (with 'ने'), the verb agrees with the direct object, not the subject. Since 'चुटकुला' (joke) is masculine, the sentence is 'उसने (woman) चुटकुला सुनाया'.
Yes, absolutely. Idiomatically, if you say 'मैंने उसे बहुत सुनाया' (I told him a lot), it implies you scolded him or gave him a piece of your mind. It is often paired with 'खरी-खोटी' (good and bad words).
You must use 'को' (ko). The listener is the indirect object receiving the story. For example, 'मुझे कहानी सुनाओ' (Tell the story TO me). Using 'से' is a common mistake derived from the verb 'कहना' (to say).
It is a formal legal term meaning 'to pronounce a verdict' or 'to announce a decision'. It is commonly used in news reports regarding court cases.
You say 'मैं तुम्हें एक कहानी सुनाना चाहता हूँ' (Main tumhein ek kahani sunana chahta hoon). If the speaker is female, it becomes 'चाहती हूँ'.
Yes, you can say 'मुझे वह गाना सुनाओ' (Make me hear that song), and it can mean either sing it yourself or play it on a device for me to hear.
The passive is formed with the perfect participle plus the verb 'जाना'. For example, 'कहानी सुनाई गई' (The story was told) or 'फैसला सुनाया जाएगा' (The verdict will be pronounced).
'सुनना' (sunnā) means 'to listen'. 'सुनाना' (sunānā) is its causative form, meaning 'to cause to listen' or 'to make someone hear'. The addition of the 'ā' sound changes the direction of the action.
خودت رو بسنج 120 سوال
/ 120 درست
نمره کامل!
Summary
Use 'सुनाना' (sunānā) when you are performing, narrating, or making someone listen to a structured piece of information like a story, joke, or verdict, rather than just stating a simple fact.
- To tell a story or joke.
- To recite a poem or sing.
- To pronounce a legal verdict.
- To scold or reprimand someone.
The 'Ne' Rule
Always use 'ने' (ne) with the subject when using 'सुनाना' in the past tense. Example: राम ने कहानी सुनाई।
Object Agreement
In the past tense, make sure the verb ends in -आ (masculine) or -ई (feminine) based on the object (the story/joke), not the speaker.
Story vs Fact
Use 'सुनाना' for stories (कहानी), jokes (चुटकुला), and poems (कविता). Use 'बताना' for facts, names, and directions.
Use 'Ko' for the Listener
Always mark the person listening with 'को' (ko). Example: बच्चों को (to the children), मुझे (to me).
محتوای مرتبط
عبارات مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر communication
आदेश देना
A2دستور دادن یا صدور فرمان رسمی.
आवाज़
A21. صدای تو بسیار دلنشین است. 2. صدای رادیو را کم کن.
अंग्रेजी
A1A West Germanic language.
अंग्रेज़ी
A1انگلیسی یک زبان ژرمنی غربی است. در هندی به آن 'Angrezi' می گویند.
अक्षर
A2Letter of the alphabet, character.
अख़बार
A2روزنامه (Rooznameh). من هر روز صبح روزنامه میخوانم. روزنامه امروز کجاست؟
अलविदा
A2الوداع یک کلمه رسمی برای خداحافظی در زبان هندی است.
अनुवाद करना
A2ترجمه کردن به معنای برگرداندن متن یا گفتار از یک زبان به زبان دیگر است.
भेंट करना
B1ملاقات یا دیدار با کسی به شیوه ای رسمی یا محترمانه.
भेंटना
B1ملاقات یا دیدار با کسی به شیوه ای رسمی یا محترمانه.
