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Declension of Demonstrative Pronouns

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Croatian uses three demonstratives based on distance: 'ovaj' (here), 'taj' (there/near you), and 'onaj' (over there).

  • Use 'ovaj' for items close to the speaker: 'Ovaj stol' (This table).
  • Use 'taj' for items close to the listener: 'Taj stol' (That table).
  • Use 'onaj' for items far from both: 'Onaj stol' (That table over there).
Pronoun (Ovaj/Taj/Onaj) + Noun (Gender/Case Agreement)

Nominative Case (Singular)

Gender Near (This) Near You (That) Far (That)
Masculine
Ovaj
Taj
Onaj
Feminine
Ova
Ta
Ona
Neuter
Ovo
To
Ono

Meanings

Demonstrative pronouns specify the location or distance of an object relative to the speaker and listener.

1

Proximity

Indicating physical distance.

“Ovaj pas je mali.”

“Taj pas je velik.”

2

Reference

Referring to previously mentioned items.

“Taj problem nije lagan.”

“Ovaj film je dosadan.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Declension of Demonstrative Pronouns
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Pronoun + Noun
Ovaj stol je nov.
Negative
Ne + Pronoun + Noun
Nije ovaj stol nov.
Question
Pronoun + Li + Noun
Je li ovaj stol nov?
Plural
Pronoun + Noun
Ovi stolovi su novi.
Accusative
Pronoun + Noun
Vidim ovaj stol.
Genitive
Pronoun + Noun
Nema ovog stola.

طیف رسمیت

رسمی
Ovo je moja kuća.

Ovo je moja kuća. (Introducing your home.)

خنثی
Ovo je moja kuća.

Ovo je moja kuća. (Introducing your home.)

غیر رسمی
Ovo je moja kuća.

Ovo je moja kuća. (Introducing your home.)

عامیانه
Ovo je moja gajba.

Ovo je moja gajba. (Introducing your home.)

Distance Map

Speaker

Near You

  • Taj That

Far Away

  • Onaj That over there

Gender Agreement

Masculine
Ovaj This
Feminine
Ova This
Neuter
Ovo This

Choosing the Pronoun

1

Is it near me?

YES
Use Ovaj
NO
Check listener
2

Is it near you?

YES
Use Taj
NO
Use Onaj

Pronoun Categories

📍

Proximal

  • • Ovaj
  • • Ova
  • • Ovo
↔️

Medial

  • • Taj
  • • Ta
  • • To
🏔️

Distal

  • • Onaj
  • • Ona
  • • Ono
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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

Ovaj auto je crven.

This car is red.

2

Ova knjiga je moja.

This book is mine.

3

Ovo dijete je sretno.

This child is happy.

4

Taj pas je velik.

That dog is big.

1

Kupujem ovaj kruh.

I am buying this bread.

2

Vidim tu ženu.

I see that woman.

3

Ono selo je daleko.

That village is far.

4

Tog čovjeka ne poznajem.

I don't know that man.

1

Ovim putem idemo kući.

We are going home this way.

2

Sjećam se onih dana.

I remember those days.

3

Taj prijedlog nije prihvaćen.

That proposal was not accepted.

4

Ovoj ideji treba vremena.

This idea needs time.

1

Onaj tko radi, taj i griješi.

He who works, also makes mistakes.

2

Ovim se problemom moramo baviti.

We must deal with this problem.

3

Nisam mislio na taj način.

I didn't mean it that way.

4

Onim ljudima treba pomoć.

Those people need help.

1

Ovaj, recimo, novi zakon je kontroverzan.

This, let's say, new law is controversial.

2

Onaj osjećaj kad sve krene po zlu.

That feeling when everything goes wrong.

3

Tim se postupcima krše prava.

Those procedures violate rights.

4

Ovim putem izražavam žaljenje.

By this means, I express regret.

1

Onaj tko bi to učinio, zaslužuje kaznu.

Whoever would do that deserves punishment.

2

Ovim činom zapečaćena je sudbina.

With this act, the fate is sealed.

3

Taj, naizgled jednostavan, zadatak je težak.

That, seemingly simple, task is hard.

4

Onim se krajevima rijetko putuje.

Those regions are rarely traveled.

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

Declension of Demonstrative Pronouns در مقابل Ovaj vs Taj

Learners often use 'taj' for everything.

Declension of Demonstrative Pronouns در مقابل Taj vs Onaj

Learners use 'taj' for things far away.

Declension of Demonstrative Pronouns در مقابل Demonstrative vs Personal Pronoun

Using 'on' instead of 'onaj'.

اشتباهات رایج

✗

Ovaj kuća

✓

Ova kuća

Kuća is feminine, so use Ova.
✗

Taj auto (when holding it)

✓

Ovaj auto

If you are holding it, it is near you (Ovaj).
✗

Ovo stol

✓

Ovaj stol

Stol is masculine.
✗

Ovaj knjiga

✓

Ova knjiga

Knjiga is feminine.
✗

Vidim taj stol (when it's far)

✓

Vidim onaj stol

Use onaj for distant objects.
✗

Ovaj ljudi

✓

Ovi ljudi

Plural requires Ovi.
✗

Tog čovjek (accusative)

✓

Tog čovjeka

Accusative requires -a ending for animate masculine.
✗

Ovim stolom (when it's the subject)

✓

Ovaj stol

Instrumental case is not for subjects.
✗

Onaj stvar

✓

Ona stvar

Stvar is feminine.
✗

Taj ideja

✓

Ta ideja

Ideja is feminine.
✗

Ovaj tko

✓

Onaj tko

Onaj is the correct pronoun for 'the one who'.
✗

Tim postupcima (when it should be instrumental)

✓

Tim postupcima

Correct, but ensure the noun matches.
✗

Ovim putem (when it should be locative)

✓

Ovim putem

Ensure context is correct.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

___ je moja knjiga.

Vidim ___ čovjeka.

___ se problemom bavimo.

___ tko radi, taj se ne boji.

Real World Usage

Shopping very common

Želim kupiti ovaj kruh.

Texting constant

Vidiš li taj link?

Directions common

Idi onim putem.

Job Interview occasional

Taj projekt je bio uspješan.

Food Delivery common

Ovaj burger je hladan.

Social Media very common

Onaj osjećaj kad...

برای دیدن همه مثال‌ها رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید
💡

Use your hands

When learning, physically point to objects. It helps your brain map the distance to the pronoun.
⚠️

Check the noun

Always look at the noun's ending. If it ends in a consonant, it's likely masculine.
🎯

The 'Taj' trick

If you are referring to something the other person just mentioned, always use 'taj'.
💬

Regional variations

Don't worry if you hear slight variations in dialects; focus on the standard 'ovaj/taj/onaj' first.

Smart Tips

Look at the noun ending. If it ends in -a, it's 99% feminine.

Ovaj kuća → Ova kuća

Use 'taj' when referring to something the listener just mentioned.

A: Kupio sam auto. B: Koji auto? → A: Kupio sam auto. B: Kakav je taj auto?

Use 'onaj' to be clear you aren't talking about something nearby.

Vidiš taj grad? → Vidiš onaj grad?

Remember that plural demonstratives are 'ovi', 'ti', 'oni'.

Ovaj ljudi → Ovi ljudi

تلفظ

/oʋaːj/

Ovaj

Pronounced 'oh-vye'.

/taːj/

Taj

Pronounced 'tye'.

/oːnaːj/

Onaj

Pronounced 'oh-nye'.

Question

Ovaj? ↑

Rising intonation for confirmation.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

O-T-O: O (Ovaj - here), T (Taj - there), O (Onaj - over there).

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a hand pointing at your nose (Ovaj), then at your friend's nose (Taj), then at a mountain in the distance (Onaj).

Rhyme

Ovaj je tu, taj je kod tebe, onaj je daleko, ne vidiš ga sebe.

Story

I hold this apple (Ovaj). I give you that apple (Taj). We look at that apple on the tree (Onaj).

شبکه واژگان

OvajOvaOvoTajTaToOnajOnaOno

چالش

Point to three things in your room and say the correct pronoun for each in 30 seconds.

نکات فرهنگی

Often use 'ovaj' more frequently in speech as a filler word.

Standard usage, very precise with 'taj' vs 'onaj'.

Tend to use 'onaj' to refer to people in a friendly way.

Derived from Proto-Slavic demonstrative stems.

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

“

Što je ovo?

“

Vidiš li onaj auto?

“

Koji ti se film više sviđa, ovaj ili onaj?

“

Kako bi opisao onaj događaj od jučer?

موضوعات نگارش

Describe three things on your desk using 'ovaj'.
Write about a store you visited. Use 'taj' to describe items you saw.
Compare your current city with one you visited. Use 'ovaj' and 'onaj'.
Reflect on a past decision. Use 'taj' to refer to the decision.

اشتباهات رایج

Incorrect

صحیح

Incorrect

صحیح

Incorrect

صحیح

Incorrect

صحیح

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Test Yourself

Fill in the blank.

___ auto je moj.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ovaj
Auto is masculine.
Choose the correct pronoun. چند گزینه‌ای

Vidim ___ ženu.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: tu
Žena is feminine, accusative is tu.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Ovaj kuća je velika.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ova kuća
Kuća is feminine.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

Arrange the words in the correct order:

All words placed

Click words above to build the sentence

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ovaj auto je moj
Standard word order.
Translate to Croatian. ترجمه

That dog (over there) is fast.

Answer starts with: Ona...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Onaj pas je brz
Onaj is for far away.
Match the pronoun to the gender. جفت کردن

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: M / F / N
Correct gender order.
What is the accusative of 'taj' (masc)? Conjugation Drill

Accusative of taj?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: tog
Accusative for animate masculine.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Što je to? B: ___ je moja torba.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ova
Torba is feminine.

Score: /8

تمرین‌های عملی

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

___ auto je moj.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ovaj
Auto is masculine.
Choose the correct pronoun. چند گزینه‌ای

Vidim ___ ženu.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: tu
Žena is feminine, accusative is tu.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Ovaj kuća je velika.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ova kuća
Kuća is feminine.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

je / ovaj / moj / auto

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ovaj auto je moj
Standard word order.
Translate to Croatian. ترجمه

That dog (over there) is fast.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Onaj pas je brz
Onaj is for far away.
Match the pronoun to the gender. جفت کردن

Ovaj / Ova / Ovo

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: M / F / N
Correct gender order.
What is the accusative of 'taj' (masc)? Conjugation Drill

Accusative of taj?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: tog
Accusative for animate masculine.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Što je to? B: ___ je moja torba.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ova
Torba is feminine.

Score: /8

سوالات متداول (8)

Croatian distinguishes between 'near you' (taj) and 'far away' (onaj) for spatial precision.

Yes, they decline like adjectives. `Ovaj` becomes `ovog` in the accusative.

You will be understood, but you will sound less natural.

Guess based on the ending: -a is usually feminine, -o/-e is neuter, consonant is masculine.

Yes, 'onaj čovjek' (that man).

Yes, they are standard in all registers.

Ovi, ti, oni.

It's a common habit to buy time while thinking, similar to 'um' or 'like'.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish high

este/ese/aquel

Spanish uses gendered endings; Croatian uses gendered and case endings.

German moderate

dieser/jener

German lacks the three-way spatial distinction.

French low

ce/cet/cette/ces

French uses suffixes instead of distinct pronouns.

Japanese high

kore/sore/are

Japanese pronouns do not change for gender or case.

Arabic moderate

hadha/dhalika

Arabic lacks the middle 'taj' category.

Chinese low

zhè/nà

Chinese has no gender or case declension.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
Demonstrative Pronouns: Ovaj, Taj, Onaj (This, That, That over there)
Next
Using Demonstratives as Adjectives

Related Grammar Rules

A1

Demonstrative Pronouns: Ovaj, Taj, Onaj (This, That, That over there)
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