B2 Verb Forms 1 min read متوسط

Subjunctive / Imperative Suffix -j

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

The 'j' suffix is the key to expressing commands, wishes, and suggestions in Hungarian by modifying the verb stem.

  • Add 'j' to the stem for most verbs: 'vár' (wait) becomes 'várjon' (let him wait).
  • If the stem ends in s, sz, z, or zs, the 'j' assimilates: 'olvas' becomes 'olvasson'.
  • Use this for direct commands, polite requests, and expressing desires or purposes.
Verb Stem + (j/s/sz/z) + Personal Ending = Command/Wish

Meanings

The subjunctive-imperative mood is used to express commands, requests, suggestions, and wishes. It covers both direct orders and indirect desires.

1

Direct Command

Giving a direct order to someone.

“Menj haza!”

“Egyél valamit!”

2

Polite Request

Asking someone to do something politely.

“Kérem, üljön le.”

“Segítsen nekem, legyen szíves.”

3

Wish or Desire

Expressing a hope or a wish for the future.

“Bárcsak eljönne!”

“Legyen szerencséd!”

Imperative Conjugation (Verb: Vár - to wait)

Person Singular Plural
1st várjak várjunk
2nd várj várjatok
3rd várjon várjanak

Reference Table

Reference table for Subjunctive / Imperative Suffix -j
Form Structure Example
Affirmative Stem + j + ending Várjon!
Negative Ne + Stem + j + ending Ne várjon!
1st Plural Stem + j + unk/ünk Menjünk!
2nd Singular Stem + j Várj!
Formal 3rd Person Üljön le!
Wish Bárcsak + Verb Bárcsak jönne!
Assimilation s/sz/z/zs + j -> ss/szsz/zz/zsz Olvasson!
T-Assimilation t + j -> ss Süssen!

طیف رسمیت

رسمی
Kérem, üljön le.

Kérem, üljön le. (Asking someone to sit.)

خنثی
Üljön le.

Üljön le. (Asking someone to sit.)

غیر رسمی
Ülj le.

Ülj le. (Asking someone to sit.)

عامیانه
Csücsülj le.

Csücsülj le. (Asking someone to sit.)

Uses of the J-Mood

J-Mood

Direct

  • Menj! Go!

Polite

  • Kérem, üljön. Please, sit.

Wish

  • Bárcsak! If only!

Imperative vs. Indicative

Imperative
Egyél! Eat!
Indicative
Eszel. You eat.

Assimilation Flowchart

1

Ends in s, sz, z, zs?

YES
Double the consonant
NO
Add -j
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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

Egyél!

Eat!

2

Ne menj!

Don't go!

3

Ülj le!

Sit down!

4

Gyere ide!

Come here!

1

Menjünk moziba!

Let's go to the cinema!

2

Várjon egy percet!

Wait a minute!

3

Ne beszélj sokat!

Don't talk much!

4

Legyen szép napod!

Have a nice day!

1

Olvasson el ezt a könyvet!

Read this book!

2

Bárcsak eljönne!

I wish he would come!

3

Ne siessünk!

Let's not hurry!

4

Adja az ég, hogy sikerüljön!

God grant that it succeeds!

1

Kérem, töltse ki az űrlapot.

Please fill out the form.

2

Legyen szíves, segítsen nekem.

Please, help me.

3

Ne legyen ilyen szigorú!

Don't be so strict!

4

Azt akarom, hogy jöjjön el.

I want him to come.

1

Bárcsak ne történt volna meg!

If only it hadn't happened!

2

Legyen bár esős az idő, mi elindulunk.

Even if it rains, we will leave.

3

Ne legyen kétsége afelől, hogy sikerülni fog.

Have no doubt that it will succeed.

4

Kérlek, ne legyen ez probléma.

Please, let this not be a problem.

1

Adassék meg neki a boldogság.

May happiness be granted to him.

2

Legyen úgy, ahogy mondtad.

Let it be as you said.

3

Ne legyen senki, aki ellentmondana.

Let there be no one who would contradict.

4

Tudja meg mindenki az igazságot!

Let everyone know the truth!

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

Subjunctive / Imperative Suffix -j در مقابل Conditional vs. Imperative

Both use similar suffixes.

Subjunctive / Imperative Suffix -j در مقابل Infinitive vs. Imperative

Both used for actions.

Subjunctive / Imperative Suffix -j در مقابل Indicative vs. Imperative

Similar verb stems.

اشتباهات رایج

✗

Nem menj!

✓

Ne menj!

Use 'ne' for imperatives.
✗

Eszik!

✓

Egyél!

Must use imperative form.
✗

Menjál!

✓

Menj!

Suffix is just 'j'.
✗

Várjál!

✓

Várj!

Suffix is just 'j'.
✗

Olvasjon!

✓

Olvasson!

Assimilation rule.
✗

Sütjön!

✓

Süssön!

T-assimilation.
✗

Nem legyen!

✓

Ne legyen!

Use 'ne'.
✗

Kérem, menj.

✓

Kérem, menjen.

Formal request needs 3rd person.
✗

Bárcsak eljön!

✓

Bárcsak eljönne!

Wish needs conditional/imperative.
✗

Ne csinálsz!

✓

Ne csinálj!

Imperative stem.
✗

Legyen bár esik.

✓

Legyen bár esős.

Grammar structure.
✗

Tudja meg minden.

✓

Tudja meg mindenki.

Subject missing.
✗

Adassék meg neki boldogság.

✓

Adassék meg neki a boldogság.

Article missing.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

___ (verb) el a munkát!

Kérem, ___ (verb) le!

Bárcsak ___ (verb) el!

___ (verb) egy kávét!

Real World Usage

Restaurant very common

Hozzál egy sört!

Texting very common

Menjünk!

Job Interview common

Kérem, üljön le.

Travel common

Várjon itt.

Food App common

Rendeljen most.

Social Media common

Lájkolj!

برای دیدن همه مثال‌ها رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید
💡

Assimilation

Always check the last letter of the stem.
⚠️

Negative

Use 'ne', not 'nem'.
🎯

Formal

Use 3rd person for 'ön'.
💬

Politeness

Add 'kérem' to be extra polite.

Smart Tips

Double the consonant instead of adding 'j'.

Olvasjon → Olvasson

Use the 3rd person singular form.

Ülj le → Üljön le

Use 'bárcsak' with the conditional.

Bárcsak jön → Bárcsak jönne

Always use 'ne'.

Nem menj → Ne menj

تلفظ

ol-vas-son

Assimilation

When 'j' meets 's', it becomes 'ss'.

Command

Menj! ↘

Falling intonation for authority.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Just 'J' for the job! Add a 'J' to make the verb do its job as a command.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a giant letter 'J' acting like a traffic light. When it's green, it says 'Go!' (Menj!). When it's red, it says 'Stop!' (Ne menj!).

Rhyme

Add a J to make it say, what you want to happen today.

Story

Imagine a king sitting on a throne. He points at his subjects and says 'Várjon!' (Let him wait). Then he points at himself and says 'Egyek!' (I should eat). Finally, he tells his guard 'Ne menj!' (Don't go!).

شبکه واژگان

várjonmenjüljönegyélolvassonlegyen

چالش

Write 5 commands you would give to a pet or a friend in Hungarian.

نکات فرهنگی

Hungarian culture values politeness. Using the formal 'ön' form is crucial in professional settings.

The 'j' suffix comes from the Proto-Uralic imperative marker.

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

“

Mit csináljunk ma?

“

Kérem, segítsen nekem.

“

Bárcsak sütne a nap!

“

Legyen szép napod!

موضوعات نگارش

Write a list of 5 things you want to do tomorrow using the imperative.
Write a formal request to your boss for a day off.
Describe a wish you have for the future.
Write a short story where a king gives orders.
Sign up free to see all tips

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank.

___ (menj) haza!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Menj
2nd person singular.
Choose the correct form. چند گزینه‌ای

Olvasson vagy Olvasjon?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Olvasson
Assimilation rule.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Nem menj!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ne menj!
Use 'ne' for imperative.
Make it formal. Sentence Transformation

Ülj le.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Üljön le.
Formal uses 3rd person.
Conjugate 'vár' for 1st plural. Conjugation Drill

Vár ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: junk
Várjunk.
Match the form. جفت کردن

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: True
Correct translation.
Build the sentence. Sentence Building

szép / napod / Legyen

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Legyen szép napod.
Standard greeting.
Choose the correct wish. چند گزینه‌ای

Bárcsak ___ (jön) el!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: jönne
Conditional for wish.

Score: /8

تمرین‌های عملی

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

___ (menj) haza!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Menj
2nd person singular.
Choose the correct form. چند گزینه‌ای

Olvasson vagy Olvasjon?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Olvasson
Assimilation rule.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Nem menj!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ne menj!
Use 'ne' for imperative.
Make it formal. Sentence Transformation

Ülj le.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Üljön le.
Formal uses 3rd person.
Conjugate 'vár' for 1st plural. Conjugation Drill

Vár ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: junk
Várjunk.
Match the form. جفت کردن

Menjünk - Let's go

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: True
Correct translation.
Build the sentence. Sentence Building

szép / napod / Legyen

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Legyen szép napod.
Standard greeting.
Choose the correct wish. چند گزینه‌ای

Bárcsak ___ (jön) el!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: jönne
Conditional for wish.

Score: /8

سوالات متداول (8)

Because the suffix is '-j'.

Use 'ne'.

In professional settings.

Assimilation rule.

No, conditional is for 'would'.

Menjünk.

Yes, with 'bárcsak'.

Yes, 'Legyen szép napod'.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

Imperativo

Hungarian uses suffixes for all persons.

French moderate

Impératif

Hungarian is more systematic.

German moderate

Imperativ

Hungarian formal is 3rd person.

Japanese low

Meireikei

Agglutination vs. inflection.

Arabic low

Amr

Arabic is root-based.

Chinese none

Imperative

Conjugation vs. particles.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Next
Assimilation of the -j Suffix

Related Grammar Rules

B2

Assimilation of the -j Suffix
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