خانه
یادگیری
Armenian
گرامر
C2 — Advanced Discourse & Cohesion

C2 · تسلط فصل 64

Advanced Discourse & Cohesion

Q: When should I use 'ինքը' instead of 'նա'?

Use `ինքը` to refer back to the subject of the sentence or to emphasize 'he himself'. It avoids ambiguity when there are two men or two women in a story.

Q: Can I use 'Վերջում' in an essay?

It's better to use `Ամփոփելով` or `Ի վերջո`. `Վերջում` sounds a bit too simple and literal for academic writing.

Q: What is the most formal way to start a letter?

Use `Մեծարգո` (Honorable) followed by the person's name, or `Սույնով հայտնում ենք...` (We hereby inform...) for the first sentence.

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قواعد این فصل تمرین سریع

چی یاد می‌گیری

Master the principles of cohesion and coherence to create well-structured and flowing texts. Learn about theme and rheme, ellipsis, substitution, and various referential and conjunctive devices.

نکات و ترفندها (2)

🎯

The 'Listener' Hack

Whenever you refer to something your conversation partner said, always use 'դա' or 'այդ'. It makes you sound much more native than using 'նա'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Referential Devices: Pronouns and Demonstratives

🎯

The 'Hook' Technique

In Armenian, starting with a question like 'Իսկ դուք գիտեի՞ք...' is a powerful way to engage readers before using formal markers.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Textual Organization: Introductions, Conclusions

قواعد این فصل (6)

Cohesion and Coherence: Linking Sentences and Paragraphs

Theme and Rheme: Information Structure

Ellipsis and Substitution: Avoiding Repetition

Referential Devices: Pronouns and Demonstratives

Conjunctive Adverbs: Moreover, However, Thus

Textual Organization: Introductions, Conclusions

تمرین سریع (6)

Fill in the correct demonstrative adjective and suffix.

___ գիրք___ (this book near me) հետաքրքիր է:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Այս / ս

'Այս' corresponds with the speaker-near suffix '-ս'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Referential Devices: Pronouns and Demonstratives

Choose the correct pronoun for something in the listener's hand.

___ ի՞նչ է քո ձեռքում:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Դա

Since the object is near the listener, 'դա' is the correct choice.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Referential Devices: Pronouns and Demonstratives

Correct the sentence: 'Արամն ասաց, որ նա հիվանդ է' (meaning Aram is sick).

Find and fix the mistake:

Արամն ասաց, որ նա հիվանդ է:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Արամն ասաց, որ ինքը հիվանդ է:

'Ինքը' is used to refer back to the subject of the main clause.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Referential Devices: Pronouns and Demonstratives

Fill in the blank with the correct word for 'finally' (temporal).

___ ես գտա իմ բանալիները:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Վերջապես

Finding keys is a temporal event, so 'Վերջապես' is correct.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Textual Organization: Introductions, Conclusions

Correct the marker in this formal sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Ուրեմն, սույն հետազոտությունը ցույց է տալիս...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Այսպիսով

'Ուրեմն' is too informal for a research context.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Textual Organization: Introductions, Conclusions

Choose the best marker for a formal academic conclusion.

___, կարող ենք ասել, որ փորձը հաջողվեց:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ամփոփելով

'Ամփոփելով' is the standard formal marker for summarizing.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Textual Organization: Introductions, Conclusions

Score: /6

سوالات رایج (4)

'Սա' is a pronoun (This thing), while 'այս' is an adjective (This [noun]). You use սա alone and այս with a noun.

Use ինքը to refer back to the subject of the sentence or to emphasize 'he himself'. It avoids ambiguity when there are two men or two women in a story.