Reciprocal Pronouns: Each Other
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'iraru' (իրարու) or 'iraru' (իրար) to show that two or more people are doing something to each other.
- Use 'iraru' (իրարու) as the object of a verb: 'Menk iraru sirum enk' (We love each other).
- It works for both singular and plural subjects as long as they interact mutually.
- It does not change based on gender, making it very easy to use!
Reciprocal Pronoun Usage
| Subject | Pronoun | Verb | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Menk
|
iraru
|
sirum enk
|
We love each other
|
|
Duk
|
iraru
|
gitek
|
You know each other
|
|
Nrank
|
iraru
|
tesnum en
|
They see each other
|
|
Menk
|
iraru
|
ognum enk
|
We help each other
|
|
Nrank
|
iraru
|
chen sirum
|
They don't love each other
|
|
Duk
|
iraru
|
hargum ek
|
You respect each other
|
Variations
| Form | Usage |
|---|---|
|
iraru
|
Standard
|
|
irar
|
Casual/Colloquial
|
Meanings
The reciprocal pronoun 'iraru' indicates that the action of the verb is performed by two or more subjects upon one another.
Mutual Action
Indicating an action performed by two parties on each other.
“Menk iraru ognum enk.”
“Nrank iraru chen sirum.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Subj + iraru + Verb
|
Menk iraru sirum enk
|
|
Negative
|
Subj + iraru + Neg Verb
|
Menk iraru chenk sirum
|
|
Question
|
Subj + iraru + Verb?
|
Duk iraru gitek?
|
|
Past
|
Subj + iraru + Past Verb
|
Menk iraru tesank
|
|
Future
|
Subj + iraru + Fut Verb
|
Menk iraru ktesnenk
|
طیف رسمیت
Menk iraru sirum enk. (General)
Menk iraru sirum enk. (General)
Iraru sirum enk. (General)
Iraru sirum enk! (General)
Reciprocal Action Map
Actions
- sirum en love
- ognum en help
Subjects
- Menk We
- Nrank They
مثالها بر اساس سطح
Menk iraru sirum enk.
We love each other.
Nrank iraru tesnum en.
They see each other.
Duk iraru gitek?
Do you know each other?
Menk iraru ognum enk.
We help each other.
Ays erku mardik iraru chen chanachum.
These two people don't know each other.
Nrank misht iraru het en linum.
They are always with each other.
Duk karogh ek iraru ognel.
You can help each other.
Menk iraru shat en enk karotel.
We have missed each other a lot.
Nrank iraru vra katakum en.
They are joking with each other.
Mer ynkernery iraru shat en hargum.
Our friends respect each other a lot.
Duk petk e iraru lsek.
You should listen to each other.
Nrank iraru het vitchum en.
They are arguing with each other.
Nrank iraru nman en.
They look like each other.
Ays erku koghmern iraru het hamadzaynutyan ekan.
These two sides reached an agreement with each other.
Nrank iraru koghqin nstel en.
They are sitting next to each other.
Menk iraru het xosel enq ays masin.
We have talked to each other about this.
Nrank iraru handipel en patahabar.
They met each other by chance.
Nrank iraru het mrcum en ays mrcasharum.
They are competing with each other in this tournament.
Nrank iraru lracnum en.
They complement each other.
Nrank iraru het kapvac en.
They are connected to each other.
Nrank iraru het phoxanakum en mtqer.
They are exchanging ideas with each other.
Nrank iraru het hamagorcakcum en.
They are collaborating with each other.
Nrank iraru het hashtvel en.
They have reconciled with each other.
Nrank iraru het nuynacel en.
They have identified with each other.
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Learners mix up reciprocal (each other) and reflexive (myself).
Learners think they are different grammar rules.
Learners use personal pronouns instead of reciprocal ones.
اشتباهات رایج
Menk sirum enk.
Menk iraru sirum enk.
Nrank irarun sirum en.
Nrank iraru sirum en.
Menk sirum iraru enk.
Menk iraru sirum enk.
Nrank sirum en iraru.
Nrank iraru sirum en.
Menk iraru gitenk.
Menk iraru gitenk.
Menk iraru ognum.
Menk iraru ognum enk.
Nrank iraru chen.
Nrank iraru chen sirum.
Menk iraru vra katakum.
Menk iraru vra katakum enk.
Nrank iraru het vitchum.
Nrank iraru het vitchum en.
Duk petk e iraru lsel.
Duk petk e iraru lsek.
Nrank iraru het hamagorcakcel en.
Nrank iraru het hamagorcakcum en.
Nrank iraru het hashtvel.
Nrank iraru het hashtvel en.
Nrank iraru het nuynacel.
Nrank iraru het nuynacel en.
الگوهای جملهسازی
Menk ___ sirum enk.
Nrank ___ ognum en.
Duk ___ gitek?
Menk ___ het xosel enk.
Real World Usage
Iraru karotel enk!
Menk iraru sirum enk.
Mer timery iraru ognum en.
Duk iraru gitek?
Iraru het kkisvenk.
Duk petk e iraru lsek.
Keep it simple
Don't decline it
Use 'irar' for speed
Be friendly
Smart Tips
Always use 'iraru' before the verb.
Use 'iraru' as it works in all situations.
Use 'irar' to save time.
Don't worry about the pronoun, just focus on the verb.
تلفظ
Iraru
Pronounced ee-rah-roo. Stress the last syllable.
Question
Duk iraru gitek? ↑
Rising intonation at the end for questions.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
I-rar-u: I (me) and you (rar) are together (u).
تداعی تصویری
Imagine two people holding hands in a circle. The circle is the 'iraru' bridge connecting them.
Rhyme
When you and I do the same thing, iraru is the word we bring.
Story
Two friends, Ani and Davit, were walking. They saw each other. They smiled at each other. They helped each other. They used 'iraru' for everything!
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Write 3 sentences about your friends using 'iraru' in 5 minutes.
نکات فرهنگی
Armenians value strong social bonds. Using 'iraru' often emphasizes the closeness of the group.
Derived from the Armenian word 'irar' (each other).
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
Duk iraru gitek?
Duk iraru ognum ek?
Duk iraru het vitchum ek?
Duk iraru het hamagorcakcum ek?
موضوعات نگارش
اشتباهات رایج
Test Yourself
Menk ___ sirum enk.
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
Nrank irarun sirum en.
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
They know each other.
Answer starts with: Nra...
Duk ___ gitek?
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
Menk sirum enk.
Score: /8
تمرینهای عملی
8 exercisesMenk ___ sirum enk.
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
Nrank irarun sirum en.
sirum / enk / iraru / Menk
They know each other.
Duk ___ gitek?
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
Menk sirum enk.
Score: /8
سوالات متداول (8)
Yes, they are interchangeable. 'Iraru' is slightly more formal, 'irar' is more casual.
No, it is gender-neutral.
No, it requires at least two people.
Without it, the sentence lacks the reciprocal meaning.
Yes, it functions exactly the same way.
Just add a question mark and use rising intonation.
Yes, it is perfectly acceptable in all registers.
No, it is very consistent.
Scaffolded Practice
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Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
el uno al otro
Armenian is more concise.
l'un l'autre
Armenian is a single word.
einander
Both are very similar in function.
otagai
Japanese uses particles differently.
ba'd al-ba'd
Armenian is a single word.
huxiang
Chinese is an adverbial marker.
