悪影響 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- Akueikyou means 'bad influence' or 'adverse effect' and is used to show how one thing harms another.
- It is a formal noun commonly paired with the verbs 'oyobosu' (exert) or 'ataeru' (give).
- The target of the bad influence is always marked with the particle 'ni' (e.g., Kenkou ni akueikyou).
- It is frequently used in news, medicine, and business to discuss serious negative impacts.
The term 悪影響 (あくえいきょう - Akueikyou) is a sophisticated yet common noun in Japanese that translates to 'bad influence,' 'harmful effect,' or 'adverse impact.' It is a compound word formed by two distinct concepts: 悪 (aku), meaning 'bad,' 'evil,' or 'inferior,' and 影響 (eikyou), meaning 'influence' or 'effect.' When combined, they create a powerful term used to describe a process where one thing negatively alters the state, behavior, or quality of another. Unlike simple words for 'bad things,' 悪影響 specifically focuses on the causal relationship between a source and a recipient. It suggests a ripple effect where the presence of a negative factor leads to a decline in another area.
- Etymological Breakdown
- The first character 悪 appears in words like warui (bad). The second part, 影響, is fascinating; 影 (ei) means 'shadow' and 響 (kyou) means 'echo.' Together, they imply that an influence is like a shadow following an object or an echo following a sound—an inevitable consequence or reflection of an action.
- Conceptual Scope
- This word covers a broad spectrum, from the psychological impact of violent media on children to the environmental impact of pollution on an ecosystem. It is used in medicine (side effects), economics (market volatility), and social sciences (peer pressure).
「睡眠不足は仕事のパフォーマンスに悪影響を及ぼす。」
(Lack of sleep exerts a bad influence on work performance.)
「地球温暖化は生態系に深刻な悪影響を与えている。」
(Global warming is giving a serious bad influence to the ecosystem.)
In summary, 悪影響 is the go-to word when you want to discuss how one negative variable causes a decline in another. It is essential for B2 learners who are moving beyond simple descriptions of 'good' and 'bad' into the realm of explaining complex relationships and consequences in society, science, and personal life.
Using 悪影響 correctly requires understanding its typical grammatical partners—specifically verbs and particles. Because it is a noun, it usually functions as the object of a verb that describes 'giving' or 'exerting' an effect.
1. The Essential Verb Pairings
There are three primary verbs used with 悪影響:
- 〜を及ぼす (oyobosu):The most formal and common way to say 'to exert' or 'to cause' an influence. Used in news and reports.
Example: 健康に悪影響を及ぼす。 - 〜を与える (ataeru):Literally 'to give.' Slightly more direct and common in daily speech or educational contexts.
Example: 子供に悪影響を与える。 - 〜を受ける (ukeru):Used when the subject is the recipient of the bad influence.
Example: 景気後退の悪影響を受ける。
2. Particle Usage
The target of the influence is almost always marked with the particle に (ni). Think of it as 'influence to/on [target].'
- Structure
- [Source] + は + [Target] + に + 悪影響を + [Verb]
「タバコは周囲の人に悪影響を及ぼします。」
3. Modifying the Intensity
You can add adjectives before 悪影響 to specify the degree of harm:
- 深刻な悪影響 (Serious/Profound)
- 少なからぬ悪影響 (Not a little/Significant)
- 長期的な悪影響 (Long-term)
- 直接的な悪影響 (Direct)
You will encounter 悪影響 in various domains, ranging from high-level policy discussions to casual conversations about lifestyle habits. Understanding these contexts helps you recognize the word's versatility.
1. News and Media (Formal)
This is perhaps the most frequent environment for the word. News anchors use it to describe the fallout of political decisions, natural disasters, or economic shifts.
NHK News Style:
「円安が輸入業者に及ぼす悪影響が懸念されています。」
(Concerns are growing over the bad influence the weak yen is exerting on importers.)
2. Parenting and Education
Teachers and parents often use this word when discussing a child's environment, social circle, or screen time. It sounds more objective and serious than just saying 'it's bad.'
3. Medical and Scientific Reports
In clinical settings, doctors discuss how certain substances or behaviors (like stress or high sugar intake) impact the body. Here, it translates closer to 'adverse effects.'
- Common Medical Phrase
- 精神的なストレスは身体に悪影響を及ぼす可能性があります。
(Mental stress may exert a bad influence on the physical body.)
4. Business Meetings
When analyzing risks or failures, business professionals use 悪影響 to maintain a professional, analytical tone. It helps in identifying the 'why' behind a drop in sales or morale.
Even at the B2 level, learners often make subtle errors with 悪影響. Avoiding these will make your Japanese sound more natural and precise.
1. Confusing 'Effect' with 'Result'
Learners often use 悪影響 when they actually mean 悪い結果 (warui kekka - bad result). Remember: 悪影響 is the influence/process that leads to a result, not the result itself.
❌ WRONG
試験に落ちたのは悪影響だ。
(Failing the exam is a bad influence.)
✅ CORRECT
不摂生が試験の結果に悪影響を及ぼした。
(Neglect of health exerted a bad influence on the exam result.)
2. Incorrect Particle Usage
The most common mistake is using を (wo) or で (de) instead of に (ni) for the target. You are influencing into a target.
3. Overusing it for Minor Things
悪影響 has a heavy, formal weight. Using it for trivial things like 'the rainy weather had a bad influence on my mood' sounds overly dramatic. For small, personal matters, 「テンションが下がる」 or 「気分が悪い」 is better.
4. Mixing up with 'Side Effects'
While 悪影響 can describe side effects, the specific medical term is 副作用 (fukusayou). Use 悪影響 for the general impact of the drug on one's life, but 副作用 for the specific biological reaction (like nausea).
To truly master 悪影響, you should know the words that surround it in the Japanese vocabulary landscape. These synonyms and related terms have different nuances.
- 弊害 (Heigai)
- This refers to 'harmful consequences' or 'evils' resulting from a system or practice. It is more structural than 悪影響.
Example: 学歴社会の弊害 (The harmful effects of a degree-oriented society). - 害 (Gai)
- A very direct word for 'harm' or 'damage.' While 悪影響 is the influence, 害 is the damage itself.
Example: 百害あって一利なし (All harm and no benefit). - ダメージ (Dameeji)
- Loanword from English. Used for physical or emotional 'damage.' It is much more casual than 悪影響.
Example: メンタルにダメージを受ける (To take a mental hit). - 支障 (Shishou)
- Refers to an 'obstacle' or 'hindrance' to progress. Use this when the bad influence specifically stops something from working smoothly.
Example: 業務に支障をきたす (To cause a hindrance to work).
The Opposite: 好影響 (Koueikyou)
Simply replace 悪 (bad) with 好 (good/favorable). This describes a positive influence or ripple effect.
Example: 新しいリーダーの就任はチームに好影響を与えた。(The new leader's appointment gave a positive influence to the team.)
چقدر رسمی است؟
سطح دشواری
گرامر لازم
〜を及ぼす (to exert/cause)
〜を与える (to give/provide)
〜を受ける (to receive/be affected by)
〜おそれがある (fear/risk that...)
〜かねない (might/could happen)
مثالها بر اساس سطح
あまいものは、はに悪影響です。
Sweet things are a bad influence on teeth.
Uses simple 'desu' ending.
テレビは子供に悪影響ですか？
Is TV a bad influence on children?
Simple question form.
たばこは体に悪影響です。
Cigarettes are a bad influence on the body.
Topic marker 'wa' and target 'ni'.
悪い友達は、あなたに悪影響です。
Bad friends are a bad influence on you.
Adjective 'warui' modifying 'tomodachi'.
夜更かしは肌に悪影響です。
Staying up late is a bad influence on skin.
Noun 'yokakashi' as subject.
ゲームのしすぎは悪影響です。
Playing games too much is a bad influence.
'-sugi' meaning 'too much'.
この薬は胃に悪影響があります。
This medicine has a bad influence on the stomach.
Uses 'ga arimasu' (there is/has).
騒音は勉強に悪影響です。
Noise is a bad influence on studying.
Noun 'souon' (noise).
騒音は睡眠に悪影響を与えます。
Noise gives a bad influence to sleep.
Introduces the verb 'ataeru'.
スマホの使いすぎは目に悪影響を与えます。
Using smartphones too much gives a bad influence to eyes.
Compound noun 'tsukaisugi'.
冷たい飲み物は胃に悪影響を与えます。
Cold drinks give a bad influence to the stomach.
Adjective 'tsumetai' (cold).
彼は弟に悪影響を与えている。
He is giving a bad influence to his younger brother.
Present progressive 'ataete iru'.
ストレスは心に悪影響を与えます。
Stress gives a bad influence to the heart/mind.
Kanj 'kokoro' (heart/mind).
雨は今日のイベントに悪影響を与えた。
The rain gave a bad influence to today's event.
Past tense 'ataeta'.
汚い空気は健康に悪影響を与えます。
Dirty air gives a bad influence to health.
Adjective 'kitanai' (dirty).
嘘をつくことは信頼に悪影響を与えます。
Telling lies gives a bad influence to trust.
Nominalizing 'koto' (the act of...).
大気汚染は環境に深刻な悪影響を及ぼす。
Air pollution exerts a serious bad influence on the environment.
Introduces 'oyobosu' and 'shinkoku-na'.
不景気は中小企業に悪影響を及ぼしている。
The recession is exerting a bad influence on small businesses.
Business term 'fukeiki' (recession).
そのニュースは市場に悪影響を及ぼした。
That news exerted a bad influence on the market.
Noun 'shijou' (market).
過度なダイエットは健康に悪影響を及ぼしかねない。
Excessive dieting might exert a bad influence on health.
Grammar '-kanenai' (might happen/fear that...).
親の不仲は子供の成長に悪影響を及ぼす。
Parents' discord exerts a bad influence on a child's growth.
Noun 'funaka' (discord).
プラスチックごみは海洋生物に悪影響を及ぼす。
Plastic waste exerts a bad influence on marine life.
Noun 'kaiyou seibutsu' (marine life).
偏った食事は体調に悪影響を及ぼします。
An unbalanced diet exerts a bad influence on physical condition.
Verb 'katayotta' (unbalanced/biased).
SNSの誹謗中傷は精神衛生に悪影響を及ぼす。
Slander on SNS exerts a bad influence on mental health.
Noun 'hibou chuushou' (slander).
急激な円安は国内の消費に悪影響を及ぼしている。
The rapid weakening of the yen is exerting an adverse effect on domestic consumption.
B2 business vocabulary: 'kyugeki-na' (rapid), 'shouhi' (consumption).
不規則な生活習慣は自律神経に悪影響を与える。
Irregular lifestyle habits give an adverse effect to the autonomic nervous system.
Medical term 'jiritsu shinkei'.
農薬の使用は周囲の生態系に悪影響を及ぼす恐れがある。
The use of pesticides fears to exert an adverse effect on the surrounding ecosystem.
Grammar 'osore ga aru' (there is a fear/risk that...).
その不祥事は企業のブランドイメージに大きな悪影響を及ぼした。
That scandal exerted a large adverse effect on the company's brand image.
Noun 'fushouji' (scandal).
長時間労働は従業員のメンタルヘルスに悪影響を及ぼす。
Long working hours exert an adverse effect on employees' mental health.
Noun 'juugyouin' (employee).
気候変動が農業に及ぼす悪影響を最小限に抑える必要がある。
It is necessary to minimize the adverse effects that climate change exerts on agriculture.
Relative clause: 'kikou hendou ga nougyou ni oyobosu akueikyou'.
不適切な教育方針は子供の将来に悪影響を及ぼしかねない。
Inappropriate educational policies might exert an adverse effect on a child's future.
Adjective 'futekisetsu-na' (inappropriate).
情報の漏洩は顧客の信頼に致命的な悪影響を与えた。
The leakage of information gave a fatal adverse effect to customer trust.
Adjective 'chimeiteki-na' (fatal/deadly).
グローバル化の進展が地元の伝統文化に及ぼす悪影響が懸念されている。
There are concerns about the adverse effects that the progress of globalization exerts on local traditional culture.
C1 structure: '...ga ken'en sarete iru' (concerns are being held).
金利の引き上げは住宅市場に少なからぬ悪影響を及ぼすだろう。
The interest rate hike will likely exert a significant adverse effect on the housing market.
Phrase 'sukunakaranu' (not a little/significant).
累積的な悪影響を考慮すると、このプロジェクトは見直すべきだ。
Considering the cumulative adverse effects, this project should be reconsidered.
Adjective 'ruisekiteki-na' (cumulative).
特定の外来種の増加は、在来種の生存に壊滅的な悪影響を及ぼした。
The increase of specific invasive species exerted a devastating adverse effect on the survival of native species.
Adjective 'kaimetsuteki-na' (devastating).
政治的な不安定さは、外国からの投資に悪影響を及ぼす要因となる。
Political instability becomes a factor that exerts an adverse effect on foreign investment.
Noun 'youin' (factor/cause).
マイクロプラスチックの摂取が人体に及ぼす潜在的な悪影響を調査する。
Investigate the potential adverse effects that the ingestion of microplastics exerts on the human body.
Adjective 'senzaiteki-na' (potential/latent).
過度な市場介入は、経済の自律的な回復に悪影響を及ぼしかねない。
Excessive market intervention might exert an adverse effect on the economy's autonomous recovery.
Noun 'kanyuu' (intervention).
その判決は、今後の同様の裁判に悪影響を及ぼす可能性がある。
That verdict has the possibility of exerting an adverse effect on future similar trials.
Noun 'hanketsu' (verdict/judgment).
ポスト真実の時代において、偽情報の拡散が民主主義の根幹に及ぼす悪影響は計り知れない。
In the post-truth era, the adverse effects that the spread of disinformation exerts on the foundations of democracy are immeasurable.
C2 phrase 'hakari-shirenai' (immeasurable).
当該政策の強行は、社会の分断を助長し、長期的な国家の安定に悪影響を及ぼすだろう。
The forced implementation of the policy in question will encourage social division and exert an adverse effect on long-term national stability.
Verb 'jouchou suru' (to promote/encourage something bad).
アルゴリズムによる偏向が、個人の意思決定プロセスに及ぼす不可視の悪影響を分析する。
Analyze the invisible adverse effects that algorithmic bias exerts on individual decision-making processes.
Adjective 'fukashi-no' (invisible).
過度な効率性の追求が、労働者の創造性に及ぼす悪影響を看過してはならない。
One must not overlook the adverse effects that the excessive pursuit of efficiency exerts on workers' creativity.
Verb 'kanko suru' (to overlook).
歴史修正主義の台頭は、国際関係の改善に決定的な悪影響を及ぼしている。
The rise of historical revisionism is exerting a decisive adverse effect on the improvement of international relations.
Noun 'taitou' (emergence/rise).
都市化の進展が周辺地域の微気候に及ぼす悪影響を定量的に評価する。
Quantitatively evaluate the adverse effects that the progress of urbanization exerts on the microclimate of surrounding areas.
Adverb 'teirouteki-ni' (quantitatively).
その思想的偏向が、学問の自由に対して及ぼす悪影響は看過できないレベルに達している。
The adverse effect that the ideological bias exerts on academic freedom has reached a level that cannot be overlooked.
Noun 'shisouteki henkou' (ideological bias).
短期的な利益の追求が、企業の持続可能性に及ぼす悪影響を精査する必要がある。
It is necessary to scrutinize the adverse effects that the pursuit of short-term profits exerts on corporate sustainability.
Verb 'seisa suru' (to scrutinize).
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
اصطلاحات و عبارات
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
الگوهای جملهسازی
خانواده کلمه
مرتبط
نحوه استفاده
It's a process of influence, not just a result.
Target is always 'ni'.
Use 'oyobosu' for formal writing, 'ataeru' for general use.
- Using 'wo' for the target instead of 'ni'.
- Using it for very small, trivial things (sounds too dramatic).
- Confusing it with 'kekka' (result).
- Using 'akueikyou suru' (it's not a suru-verb).
- Misspelling 'eikyou' (forgetting the 'u' at the end).
نکات
Particle Power
Always remember that the thing being harmed takes the 'ni' particle. Think of the influence moving 'into' the target.
Formal Verb
Pairing 'akueikyou' with 'oyobosu' is a hallmark of high-level Japanese. Use it in your writing!
News Keyword
This is a frequent keyword in news. When you hear it, prepare for bad news about the economy or environment.
Describing People
Calling someone an 'akueikyou' is quite strong. Use it carefully when talking about friends or colleagues.
Medical Use
In medical contexts, it's the standard way to discuss how lifestyle choices affect your organs.
Risk Management
In meetings, use it to discuss potential risks (e.g., 'This delay will have an akueikyou on the launch').
Modifying
Don't just say 'akueikyou.' Use 'shinkoku-na' (serious) or 'keibi-na' (slight) to be more descriptive.
The Flip Side
Learn 'koueikyou' at the same time. It's the exact same structure but for positive things.
Kanji Logic
Break it down: Bad + Shadow + Echo. It's the 'bad echo' of an action.
JLPT Tip
This word often appears in reading comprehension passages about social problems.
حفظ کنید
ریشه کلمه
بافت فرهنگی
Central to public health campaigns (anti-smoking, etc.).
Used to politely describe why a project failed without blaming a person directly.
Used by teachers to warn about 'bad' media.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"SNSは子供に悪影響を与えると思いますか？ (Do you think SNS gives a bad influence to children?)"
"最近の円安はあなたの生活に悪影響がありますか？ (Does the recent weak yen have a bad influence on your life?)"
"ストレスが体に及ぼす悪影響についてどう思いますか？ (What do you think about the bad influence stress exerts on the body?)"
"悪い習慣が仕事に悪影響を及ぼしたことはありますか？ (Has a bad habit ever exerted a bad influence on your work?)"
"環境破壊が観光業に及ぼす悪影響は何ですか？ (What is the bad influence environmental destruction exerts on tourism?)"
موضوعات نگارش
自分の悪い習慣が生活にどんな悪影響を及ぼしているか書いてみましょう。 (Write about what bad influence your own bad habits are exerting on your life.)
現代社会におけるテクノロジーの悪影響について考えを述べてください。 (State your thoughts on the bad influence of technology in modern society.)
過去に受けた悪影響をどうやって克服しましたか？ (How did you overcome a bad influence you received in the past?)
もしリーダーになったら、チームへの悪影響をどう防ぎますか？ (If you became a leader, how would you prevent bad influence on the team?)
ニュースで見た最近の悪影響について要約してください。 (Summarize a recent bad influence you saw in the news.)
سوالات متداول
10 سوالYes, you can say someone is a 'bad influence' on another person (Kare wa kanojo ni akueikyou o ataete iru).
Yes, but it sounds a bit serious. For minor things, people might use simpler words.
'Oyobosu' is more formal and implies a wider or more profound range of influence.
No, it is a noun. You must pair it with a verb like 'ataeru' or 'oyobosu'.
Yes, 'koueikyou' (好影響) means a positive influence.
When specifying the target, yes. 'Target NI akueikyou'.
Yes, 'The rain had a bad influence on the crops' (Ame ga saku-motsu ni akueikyou o oyoboshita).
Very often. It describes the 'adverse effects' of chemicals or conditions.
'Akueikyou' is the influence/process; 'Gai' is the actual harm or damage caused.
Yes, it is typically studied for the JLPT N2 exam.
خودت رو بسنج 180 سوال
/ 180 درست
نمره کامل!
Summary
Akueikyou is a B2-level formal noun that allows you to describe causal negative relationships (like 'Smoking harms health') with professional precision, moving beyond simple adjectives like 'warui' (bad).
- Akueikyou means 'bad influence' or 'adverse effect' and is used to show how one thing harms another.
- It is a formal noun commonly paired with the verbs 'oyobosu' (exert) or 'ataeru' (give).
- The target of the bad influence is always marked with the particle 'ni' (e.g., Kenkou ni akueikyou).
- It is frequently used in news, medicine, and business to discuss serious negative impacts.
Particle Power
Always remember that the thing being harmed takes the 'ni' particle. Think of the influence moving 'into' the target.
Formal Verb
Pairing 'akueikyou' with 'oyobosu' is a hallmark of high-level Japanese. Use it in your writing!
News Keyword
This is a frequent keyword in news. When you hear it, prepare for bad news about the economy or environment.
Describing People
Calling someone an 'akueikyou' is quite strong. Use it carefully when talking about friends or colleagues.
مثال
大気汚染は健康に悪影響を及ぼす。
محتوای مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر environment
蓄積
B1The gradual gathering or building up of something over time, such as wealth, knowledge, or pollutants.
生物多様性
B2تنوع همه موجودات زنده و تعاملات آنها. 'تنوع زیستی برای سلامت اکوسیستم ضروری است.' 'ما باید از تنوع زیستی در جنگلها محافظت کنیم.'
二酸化炭素
B2دی اکسید کربن گازی بی رنگ و بی بو است که در اثر احتراق و تنفس تولید می شود.
清掃
B1تمیز کردن اساسی، اغلب در زمینههای حرفهای یا عمومی. معمولاً روی تابلوهایی دیده میشود که نشان میدهند مکان در حال تمیز شدن است.
気候変動
B2Long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns, mainly caused by human activities like burning fossil fuels.
環境保護
B2حفاظت از محیط زیست برای آینده ما حیاتی است.
廃棄
B1The act of throwing something away or getting rid of it. Essential for IELTS environmental topics like waste management.
生態系
B2اکوسیستم جامعه ای از موجودات زنده است که با محیط فیزیکی خود تعامل دارند. بوم شناسی نحوه عملکرد این سیستم ها را مطالعه می کند.
絶滅危惧種
B2گونهای از حیوانات یا گیاهان که در معرض خطر جدی انقراض هستند.
浸食
B1فرسایش فرآیندی است که در آن خاک یا سنگ توسط نیروهای طبیعی مانند آب و باد از بین میرود.
