〜という
It means 'called' or 'named' when referring to something or someone.
Explanation at your level:
Hello! We're learning about 〜という (to iu). Think of it like saying 'the thing called...' or 'the name is...'. It's used when you want to tell someone the name of something. For example, if you have a cat named Tama, you can say 'My cat, the one called Tama.' It helps us know exactly what we are talking about. It's a simple way to name things!
The phrase 〜という (to iu), when used as a noun, means 'what is called' or 'named'. It's very useful for introducing names, titles, or specific terms. For instance, if you want to talk about a famous tower, you might say, 'Tokyo Tower, the one called Tokyo Tower.' It helps to clearly identify something by its name or designation. You'll see it used often when people are explaining what something is.
〜という (to iu) functions nominally to mean 'what is called,' 'named,' or 'the one referred to as.' It's a key phrase for introducing specific labels, concepts, or even reported speech. For example, when discussing a particular theory, you might use it like, 'This is the theory called 'Relativity'.' It adds precision by specifying the name or designation. You can also use it to refer to a type of thing, like 'a book called 'The Little Prince'.' This helps to clearly distinguish one item from others.
Nominally, 〜という (to iu) serves to identify or label something, translating to 'what is called,' 'the named,' or 'the purported.' It's instrumental in introducing specific terminology, concepts, or even quoted material. For instance, in a discussion about literature, one might say, 'This is the poem referred to as 'The Raven'.' It distinguishes the subject by its given name or description. Furthermore, it can be used to categorize, such as 'a type of music called 'Jazz'.' Understanding this nominal function is crucial for grasping nuanced expressions and precise identification in Japanese.
The nominalized form of 〜という (to iu) functions as a sophisticated marker for identification, designation, or even attribution, conveying 'that which is called,' 'the named entity,' or 'the alleged.' It is frequently employed to introduce specific technical terms, abstract concepts, or reported information with a degree of formality. For example, in an academic context, one might refer to 'the phenomenon termed 'cognitive dissonance'.' This usage lends clarity and specificity, often distancing the speaker slightly from the term itself, implying it's a recognized label. It can also introduce a category or a representative example, such as 'a philosophy known as Stoicism.'
In its nominal function, 〜という (to iu) operates as a powerful linguistic tool for designation, appellation, and the nominalization of clauses or concepts, translating to 'that which bears the name of,' 'the entity designated as,' or 'the purported statement/idea.' This form is indispensable in academic, literary, and formal discourse for introducing precise terminology, philosophical concepts, or historical references. For instance, a historian might discuss 'the period called 'The Enlightenment'.' Its use can also imply a degree of detachment or objectivity, presenting the term as an established label rather than a personal assertion. Furthermore, it facilitates the discussion of abstract notions by framing them with their recognized designations, such as 'the principle known as 'Occam's Razor'. This nominalization is key to constructing complex arguments and referencing established knowledge accurately.
واژه در 30 ثانیه
- 〜という (to iu) nominalized form means 'what is called' or 'named'.
- Used to identify people, things, concepts, or titles.
- Can be followed by nouns (e.g., 〜という名前) or stand alone.
- Casual spoken forms include 〜って and 〜っていう.
Hey there! Let's dive into the super useful Japanese phrase 〜という (to iu). When we use it as a noun, it's like saying 'the thing called...' or 'the one named...'. Think of it as a way to point to something and give it a label or a description. It's a fundamental part of expressing how we identify or refer to things in Japanese, whether it's a person's name, a specific concept, or even something someone else said!
Imagine you're introducing a friend named Kenji. You might say something like, 'This is Kenji, the one called Kenji.' In Japanese, 〜という helps us do just that! It's not just about names, though. It can also refer to a category or a type of thing. For example, 'a dog, the kind called a Shiba Inu.' It adds clarity and specificity to our language, making it easier to communicate exactly what we mean.
So, when you see 〜という used nominally, remember it's all about identifying, naming, or describing. It’s a key piece in understanding how Japanese speakers refer to the world around them. Keep an eye out for it, and you'll start noticing it everywhere!
The phrase 〜という (to iu) has deep roots in the Japanese language, stemming from the verb 言う (iu), which means 'to say' or 'to speak.' Over time, this verb evolved and took on various grammatical functions, including its use as a nominalizer.
Historically, 言う (iu) was used not only for direct speech but also to indicate what something is called or how it is described. The structure 〜と言ふ (to ifu), an older form, gradually shifted to 〜という (to iu) in modern Japanese. This evolution reflects a natural linguistic process where verbs become grammaticalized to express more nuanced meanings.
The nominal use of 〜という is particularly interesting because it bridges the gap between stating something and identifying it. It’s like saying, 'the act of saying X' or 'the thing that is said to be Y.' This grammatical flexibility makes it incredibly powerful. Think about how languages develop – words and structures adapt to serve the communicative needs of their speakers. 〜という is a prime example of this linguistic adaptation, becoming a staple for naming, describing, and reporting.
The nominal form of 〜という (to iu) is super versatile! Its primary function is to act as a noun phrase, meaning 'what is called,' 'the named,' or 'the one referred to as.' You'll often see it used to introduce a name, a title, a concept, or a quotation.
Common Collocations:
- 〜という名前 (to iu namae): 'The name called...' or 'a name such as...'
- 〜というもの (to iu mono): 'a thing called...' or 'something that is...' (often used for abstract concepts or general categories)
- 〜という人 (to iu hito): 'a person called...' or 'someone who is...'
- 〜という言葉 (to iu kotoba): 'the word called...' or 'a phrase such as...'
Register: While 〜という itself is quite neutral, its usage can vary. When introducing a formal title or a very specific term, it feels more formal. When referring to a general concept or a casual nickname, it's more everyday. The context is key!
For example, you might hear: 「これは『桜』という花です。」 (Kore wa 'sakura' to iu hana desu.) - 'This is a flower called 'sakura'.' Here, 〜という clearly identifies the name of the flower.
Or, 「彼は『リーダー』という役割を担っています。」 (Kare wa 'riidā' to iu yakuwari o ninatte imasu.) - 'He is taking on the role called 'leader'.' This shows its use in defining roles or titles.
While 〜という (to iu) itself isn't typically part of fixed idioms in the way we might think of them in English, it's a core component of many common expressions and grammatical patterns that function similarly to idiomatic phrases. Its ability to nominalize verbs and clauses makes it a building block for expressing complex ideas.
Here are some ways it appears in common, almost idiomatic, expressions:
- 〜というより (to iu yori): 'rather than...', 'more than...'. This is used for comparison, suggesting one description is more accurate than another. Example: 「彼は友達というより、家族みたいだ。」 (Kare wa tomodachi to iu yori, kazoku mitai da.) - 'He's more like family rather than just a friend.'
- 〜というわけではない (to iu wake de wa nai): 'it's not that...', 'it doesn't mean that...'. This is used to negate an assumption or implication. Example: 「忙しいというわけではないが、時間がない。」 (Isogashii to iu wake de wa nai ga, jikan ga nai.) - 'It's not that I'm busy, but I don't have time.'
- 〜というものだ (to iu mono da): 'it is something that...', 'it is the nature of...'. Used to state a general truth or definition. Example: 「それが人生というものだ。」 (Sore ga jinsei to iu mono da.) - 'That is what life is.'
- 〜というふうに (to iu fū ni): 'in such a way that...', 'like...'. Used to describe a manner or method. Example: 「先生はゆっくり話すというふうに指示した。」 (Sensei wa yukkuri hanasu to iu fū ni shiji shita.) - 'The teacher instructed in such a way that we speak slowly.'
These examples show how 〜という, combined with other elements, creates expressions that carry specific, often nuanced, meanings beyond the literal sum of their parts.
Let's break down the grammar and pronunciation of 〜という (to iu). As a nominal form, it essentially acts as a noun phrase, allowing you to refer to 'that which is called X' or 'the thing named Y'.
Grammatical Function: When 〜という is used nominally, it often follows a noun, a quoted phrase, or a clause, turning it into a noun phrase. It can then function as the subject, object, or complement in a sentence.
- Subject: 「『猫』という言葉は好きです。」 ('Neko' to iu kotoba wa suki desu.) - 'I like the word 'cat'.' (Here, 「『猫』という言葉」 is the subject.)
- Object: 「彼は『正直者』という評判がある。」 (Kare wa 'shōjikimono' to iu hyōban ga aru.) - 'He has a reputation as an honest person.' (Here, 「『正直者』という評判」 is the object of the verb 'aru' in a sense.)
Pronunciation:
- IPA (Tokyo Dialect): /to̞.i.ɯ̹ᵝ/
- Breakdown:
- と (to): A clear 'toh' sound, like the 'to' in 'toe'.
- い (i): A clear 'ee' sound, like the 'ee' in 'see'.
- う (u): This is a bit trickier. It's a rounded vowel, often pronounced with the lips rounded like you're saying 'oo', but the tongue position is closer to 'ee'. It's not a full 'oo' sound like in 'food'.
- Stress: Japanese is a pitch-accent language, not stress-accent. In Tokyo dialect, 'to iu' typically has a high-low pitch pattern: tó ì u.
- Common Errors: English speakers might over-round the 'u' sound, making it too much like 'oo'. Try to keep the mouth less rounded. Also, ensure the 'i' sound is clear.
- Rhyming Words: Rhyming isn't a major feature of Japanese in the same way as English. However, words ending in '-u' sounds can have similar vowel qualities. For example, words like 'aru' (ある) or 'suru' (する) share the final 'u' sound, but the preceding consonants and pitch patterns differ significantly.
Fun Fact
The verb 言う (iu) is one of the most fundamental verbs in Japanese, and its grammaticalization into various forms like 〜という shows how core verbs evolve to serve complex grammatical functions.
Pronunciation Guide
Sounds like 'toh-ee-oo', with the final 'oo' sound being slightly less rounded than in English 'too'.
Similar to UK, 'toh-ee-oo', focusing on clear vowel sounds without excessive rounding on the final 'u'.
Common Errors
- Pronouncing 'u' as a full 'oo' sound.
- Not clearly articulating the 'i' sound.
- Applying English stress patterns instead of Japanese pitch accent.
Rhymes With
Difficulty Rating
Requires understanding of context to differentiate nominal use from verb use.
Requires correct particle usage and understanding of nominalization.
Pronunciation and choosing the right context (formal/casual) can be challenging.
Distinguishing 〜という from casual forms and understanding its nominal function in fast speech.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
پیشرفته
Grammar to Know
Nominalization
〜こと, 〜の
Quotation Particles
〜と
Verb Conjugation (Masu-stem)
iimasu -> ii-
Examples by Level
これは ペン という もの です。
This is thing called pen is.
Use 'to iu mono desu' to introduce the name of an object.
私の名前は マイク という。
My name is Mike called.
Use 'to iu' after a name to say 'is called...'
犬 という 動物 が 好き です。
Dog called animal liking is.
'To iu' can refer to a type of animal or thing.
これ は りんご という 名前 です。
This is apple called name is.
'To iu namae desu' means 'is the name called...'
その 歌 は 「花」 という。
That song is 'Flower' called.
You can use 'to iu' to state the title of a song.
これ は 鉛筆 という 道具 です。
This is pencil called tool is.
'To iu dōgu desu' means 'is a tool called...'
彼 は 先生 という 人 です。
He is teacher called person is.
'To iu hito desu' means 'is a person called...'
猫 という 鳴き声 です。
Cat called sound is.
'To iu nakigoe desu' means 'is the sound called...'
この 本 は 『星の王子さま』 という タイトル です。
This book is 'The Little Prince' called title is.
'To iu' is used here to state the title of the book.
彼 は 医者 という 仕事 を しています。
He is doctor called job is doing.
This shows 'to iu' used with a profession.
その 映画 は 『千と千尋の神隠し』 という 有名な 作品 です。
That movie is 'Spirited Away' called famous work is.
'To iu' helps introduce the name of a famous work.
彼女 は デザイナー という 夢 を 持っています。
She is designer called dream is having.
Here, 'to iu' introduces a desired profession or role.
これは 日本 で 人気 の ある 「ラーメン」 という 食べ物 です。
This is Japan in popular existing 'Ramen' called food is.
'To iu' identifies 'ramen' as a popular food in Japan.
先生 は 「静かに」 という 言葉 を 使いました。
Teacher is 'Quietly' called word used.
This shows 'to iu' used with a quoted word or phrase.
この 建物 は 「中央ビル」 という 名前 です。
This building is 'Central Building' called name is.
'To iu namae desu' is a common way to state a building's name.
彼は 「リーダー」 という 役割 を 果たしました。
He is 'leader' called role fulfilled.
'To iu yakuwari' means 'the role called...'
その 記事 は 「環境問題」 という テーマ で 書かれていました。
That article is 'environmental issues' called theme with written was.
'To iu' introduces the theme or topic of the article.
彼は 自分 を 「冒険家」 という 人間 だ と 思っています。
He self 'adventurer' called person is that thinks.
This implies self-identification with a certain label.
この 哲学 は 「実存主義」 という 考え方 に 基づいています。
This philosophy is 'existentialism' called way of thinking based on.
'To iu' introduces a specific philosophical concept or 'way of thinking'.
彼女 は 「平和」 という 言葉 の 重み を 理解して いる。
She is 'peace' called word's weight understanding has.
Here, 'to iu kotoba' refers to the word 'peace' and its significance.
その 計画 は 「成功」 という 結果 に は 至りませんでした。
That plan is 'success' called result to not reached.
'To iu kekka' refers to a specific outcome, in this case, 'success'.
彼は 「正直者」 という 評判 を 得て いる。
He is 'honest person' called reputation gaining has.
'To iu hyōban' means 'a reputation as...' or 'a reputation called...'
この 音楽 は 「ジャズ」 という ジャンル に 分類 される。
This music is 'jazz' called genre into classified is.
'To iu janru' specifies the genre of the music.
彼ら は 「協力」 という 大切な 価値観 を 持って いる。
They are 'cooperation' called important value holding.
'To iu' introduces an important value or concept.
その 芸術家 は 「内なる声」 という タイトル の 作品 を 展示した。
That artist is 'inner voice' called title of work exhibited.
'To iu' is used here to specify the exact title of an artwork.
この 概念 は 「自己実現」 という 言葉 で 最も よく 説明 される。
This concept is 'self-actualization' called word by most well explained is.
'To iu kotoba' refers to the specific term 'self-actualization' used to explain the concept.
彼 は 自身 を 「改革者」 という 立場 に 置いて いる。
He self 'reformer' called position into placed is.
This implies a self-perceived role or stance, identified by 'to iu'.
その 報告書 は 「市場の動向」 という 題目 で 提出された。
That report is 'market trends' called subject with submitted was.
'To iu daimoku' specifies the subject or topic of the report.
彼女 の スピーチ は 「希望」 という メッセージ を 強調していた。
Her speech is 'hope' called message emphasized.
'To iu messēji' highlights the central message conveyed.
この 事件 は 「歴史の転換点」 という 意味合い を 持っている。
This incident is 'historical turning point' called significance has.
'To iu imiai' denotes the significance or meaning attributed to the event.
彼ら は 「持続可能性」 という 理念 に 基づいて 事業 を 展開して いる。
They are 'sustainability' called principle based on business developing is.
'To iu rinen' introduces the guiding principle or ideal.
その 哲学 者 は 「真理」 という 普遍的な 概念 を 追求した。
That philosopher is 'truth' called universal concept pursued.
'To iu higen' refers to the abstract concept of 'truth'.
この 文学 作品 は、しばしば「ポストモダン」という批評的枠組みで分析される。
This literary work is often 'postmodern' called critical framework with analyzed is.
'To iu hihyōteki wakugumi' refers to a specific critical framework, 'postmodern'.
彼は、自らを「時代の証人」という役割に置くことで、その重責を全うしようとした。
He self 'witness of the era' called role into placing by that heavy responsibility fulfill try did.
This nominalization defines a self-assigned, significant role.
その理論は、「因果律」という物理学の基本原理に基づいている。
That theory is 'law of causality' called physics's basic principle based on.
'To iu butsuri-gaku no kihon genri' specifies a fundamental principle within physics.
彼女のスピーチは、「共生」という理念を前面に押し出すものであった。
Her speech is 'symbiosis' called ideal front-of into pushing was.
'To iu rinen' highlights the core ideal of 'symbiosis'.
この歴史的事件は、「不可逆的な変化」という結果をもたらしたと評されている。
This historical incident is 'irreversible change' called result brought about that judged is.
'To iu kekka' denotes a specific, impactful outcome described as 'irreversible change'.
彼は、ある種の「理想主義者」というレッテルを貼られることを避けたかった。
He is a certain kind of 'idealist' called label pasting avoid wanted.
'To iu retteru' refers to a label or categorization applied to someone.
この芸術運動は、「既成概念の破壊」というスローガンを掲げていた。
This art movement is 'destruction of established concepts' called slogan holding.
'To iu surōgan' identifies the slogan representing the movement's ethos.
その哲学者は、「永遠回帰」という難解な概念を提唱した。
That philosopher is 'eternal recurrence' called difficult concept proposed.
'To iu nankai na gainen' introduces a complex philosophical concept, 'eternal recurrence'.
その論文は、「認識論的転回」というパラダイムシフトを論じている。
That thesis is 'epistemological turn' called paradigm shift discussing.
'To iu paradaimu shifuto' refers to a specific, significant shift in theoretical perspective.
彼は、自らを「時代の寵児」という形容で捉えられることを、ある種の皮肉として受け止めていた。
He self 'darling of the era' called description with perceived being a certain kind of irony as received.
'To iu keiyō' denotes a descriptive label, here used with a layer of irony.
この現象は、「自己言及のパラドックス」という論理的ジレンマの一例として考察される。
This phenomenon is 'paradox of self-reference' called logical dilemma's example as considered is.
'To iu ronriteki jirenma' identifies a specific type of logical problem.
彼女の著作は、「ポストコロニアル理論」という学術的潮流に大きな影響を与えた。
Her writings are 'postcolonial theory' called academic trend to big influence gave.
'To iu gakujutsuteki chōryū' specifies a significant academic movement.
この出来事は、「歴史の必然」という解釈をもたらす一方で、偶然の要素も無視できない。
This event is 'historical inevitability' called interpretation brings while accident's element also cannot be ignored.
'To iu kaishaku' presents an interpretation, here 'historical inevitability'.
彼は、自身が「時代の徒花」と見なされることを危惧していた。
He is self 'ephemeral flower of the era' considered being feared.
'To iu (mi)naseru koto' refers to being perceived or regarded as something specific.
この芸術運動は、「既存秩序への挑戦」というアジテーションを内包していた。
This art movement is 'challenge to existing order' called agitation contained.
'To iu ajitēshon' denotes the underlying agitation or provocative message.
その思想家は、「形而上学的懐疑主義」という懐疑の極致を探求した。
That thinker is 'metaphysical skepticism' called skepticism's extreme explored.
'To iu kaigi no kyokuchi' refers to the extreme form of skepticism explored.
ترکیبهای رایج
Idioms & Expressions
"〜というより"
Rather than; more than
彼は友達<strong>というより</strong>、家族のような存在だ。
neutral"〜というわけではない"
It doesn't mean that; it's not that
忙しい<strong>というわけではない</strong>が、少し疲れている。
neutral"〜というものだ"
It is the nature of; that's what X is
それが人生<strong>というもの</strong>だよ。
neutral"〜というふうに"
In such a way that; like
先生は「ゆっくり」<strong>というふうに</strong>指示した。
neutral"〜という名の"
Named; bearing the name of
これは「希望」<strong>という名の</strong>船です。
formal"〜という手合い"
That sort of person/thing (often with a negative connotation)
あんな「ずる賢い」<strong>という手合い</strong>は信用できない。
casual/negativeEasily Confused
Both are related to 'saying' or 'calling'.
〜って is a casual contraction of 〜という or 〜とは, primarily used in spoken language. 〜という is the standard, more formal form.
Casual: 「これ、ペン<strong>って</strong>言うんだよ。」 (They call this a pen.) vs. Standard: 「これはペン<strong>という</strong>ものです。」 (This is a thing called a pen.)
Both are used with verbs like 言う (iu - to say).
〜と is the direct quotation particle, marking what was said. 〜という nominalizes the preceding word/phrase, meaning 'the thing called...' or 'the fact that...'.
Quote: 「おはよう」<strong>と</strong>言った。(I said 'Good morning'.) vs. Naming: 「おはよう」<strong>という</strong>挨拶 (The greeting called 'Good morning'.)
Both relate to names.
〜という名前 specifically means 'the name called...'. 〜という alone can mean 'called' more broadly, referring to the object itself, not just its name.
これは「桜」<strong>という名前</strong>です。(This is the name 'Sakura'.) vs. これは「桜」<strong>という</strong>花です。(This is a flower called 'Sakura'.)
〜ということ is a very common form.
〜こと is a general nominalizer (thing, fact). 〜という is specifically about naming or identifying. 〜ということ combines them: 'the thing/fact that is called...' or 'the fact that [clause]'.
彼が来る<strong>こと</strong>。(The fact that he is coming.) vs. 彼が来る<strong>ということ</strong>。(The fact that he is coming - slightly more emphasis on the statement itself.)
Sentence Patterns
Noun + という + Noun
犬<strong>という</strong>動物は賢い。
Quoted Phrase + という
「はい」<strong>という</strong>返事が聞こえた。
Clause + という + こと
彼が優勝した<strong>という</strong>ことは本当ですか。
Noun + という + 名前/タイトル/役割 etc.
「希望」<strong>という名前</strong>の船が来た。
〜というより + Adjective/Noun
彼は友達<strong>というより</strong>、家族だ。
خانواده کلمه
Nouns
Verbs
مرتبط
How to Use It
Formality Scale
اشتباهات رایج
While 〜という can nominalize a quote, for direct speech, the particle 'と' (to) is usually required before 言いました (iimashita - said). Using 〜という directly before the verb 'say' without 'と' can be grammatically incorrect or change the meaning.
〜という名前 is specific to stating 'the name is...'. 〜という alone can mean 'called' or 'named' when referring to the object itself, not just its name.
For simple identification of common objects, just stating the noun is often sufficient. 〜という adds emphasis on the name or classification.
For indirect speech, 〜ということ (to iu koto) is often used to nominalize the clause, but 〜という alone doesn't directly translate indirect speech.
English speakers might pronounce the Japanese 'u' like the 'oo' in 'food'. It's closer to the vowel sound in 'put' but with more lip rounding, or even like a very short 'ü' sound.
Tips
Sound Association
Link 'to iu' to 'toe-you'. Imagine pointing to something and saying, 'This, toe-you, is called a...' This helps remember its function of naming or identifying.
Politeness Levels
While 〜という is neutral, remember that casual forms like 〜って exist for informal chats. Using the appropriate level shows social awareness.
Nominalizer Power
Think of 〜という as a mini-nominalizer. It takes what comes before it (a word, phrase, or even a clause) and turns it into a noun concept, like 'the thing called X'.
The 'U' Sound
Practice the Japanese 'u' sound. It's not a deep 'oo'. Try saying 'ee' with slightly rounded lips. Listen to native speakers and mimic!
Quote vs. Name
Don't confuse using 〜という for naming something with using と for direct quotes followed by verbs like 言う (iu - to say). They serve different grammatical roles.
Evolution of 'Say'
The verb 言う (iu - to say) is ancient! Its grammaticalization into 〜という shows how languages constantly adapt and create new functions from existing words.
Flashcard Focus
Create flashcards with sentences using 〜という. One side: the Japanese sentence. Other side: English translation AND the specific function (e.g., 'introducing a title', 'defining a concept').
Beyond Names
Practice using 〜という not just for names, but also for concepts (e.g., 'freedomという考え - the idea called freedom') and categories (e.g., '鳥という動物 - the animal called bird').
The 'Koto' Connection
Remember 〜ということ? It's 〜という + こと (thing/fact). This structure is vital for nominalizing entire clauses, making complex sentences possible!
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of 'TO' (like 'to' in English) 'YOU' (like 'you' in English). 'TO YOU, I say this name!'
Visual Association
Imagine pointing to a dog and saying, 'This is the dog... TO YOU... I call him Fido!'
Word Web
چالش
Try introducing three objects around you using 〜という. For example, 'This is a desk, called a desk.'
ریشه کلمه
Japanese
Original meaning: To say; to speak
بافت فرهنگی
Generally not sensitive, but be mindful of context when using it to label people, as it can sometimes sound detached or overly formal depending on the situation.
In English, we often use phrases like 'called,' 'named,' 'known as,' or 'referred to as' to achieve a similar effect. The Japanese 〜という is more integrated into the sentence structure.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Introducing someone or something
- これは [名前] という 人です。
- これは [物] という もの です。
Explaining concepts or terms
- [概念] という 考え方があります。
- [言葉] という 意味です。
Discussing media (books, movies, songs)
- [タイトル] という 作品 を 見ました。
- [アーティスト名] という バンド が 好きです。
Describing roles or professions
- 彼は [職業] という 仕事 を しています。
- リーダー という 役割 を 果たした。
Conversation Starters
"「〜という」という言葉、最近どこで聞きましたか？"
"あなたが一番好きな本や映画で、「〜という」が使われているタイトルはありますか？"
"もし新しいペットに名前をつけるなら、「〜という」を使ってどんな名前をつけたいですか？"
"「〜という」を使って、何か面白い概念や考えを説明してみてください。"
"「〜というより」を使って、あなたの友達や家族について何か説明できますか？"
Journal Prompts
Describe a place you love using the phrase 「〜という場所」.
Write about a skill you want to learn, using 「〜というスキル」.
Reflect on a time you were called something (positive or negative) using 「〜と呼ばれる」 or 「〜という評判」.
Explain a personal philosophy using 「〜という考え方」.
سوالات متداول
8 سوال〜という is the standard form, suitable for most situations. 〜って is a casual contraction, used mainly in informal spoken Japanese, similar to 'ya know' or 'like' in English.
Yes, but usually in the form 〜ということ (to iu koto), which nominalizes the preceding clause, meaning 'the fact that...' or 'the thing that...'. For example, '彼が来るということ' (the fact that he is coming).
Not always. It can be followed by nouns (e.g., 〜という名前), or it can stand alone as a nominalized phrase (e.g., 「猫」という - the thing called 'cat'). It can also be followed by particles like の (no) or が (ga).
For direct quotes, you typically use the particle と (to) before the verb 言いました (iimashita - said). For example, 「こんにちは」と言いました. However, you can use 〜という to refer to the quoted words as a noun phrase, like 「こんにちは」という言葉 (the word 'hello').
〜という is more direct in stating the name or label. 〜と呼ばれる (to yobareru - to be called) often implies a passive reception of the name or title, suggesting that's how people generally refer to it.
Yes, it can be used to describe characteristics or categories. For example, 「速い」という車 (a car that is fast / a car called 'fast'). However, using adjectives directly is often more common.
Yes, 〜という is very common in both written and spoken Japanese, especially in formal and neutral contexts. Casual contractions like 〜って are mostly reserved for speech.
〜というもの literally means 'a thing called...'. It's often used to refer to abstract concepts, general categories, or to give a slightly more formal or explanatory feel when introducing something.
خودت رو بسنج
これは ペン ___ もの です。
〜というもの is a common phrase to introduce an object.
What does 「猫」という animal mean?
「猫」 means cat, and 〜という means 'called' or 'named'.
The phrase 〜という is only used for people's names.
〜という can be used for names, titles, concepts, objects, and more.
Word
معنی
These are common phrases incorporating 〜という.
The correct sentence is 「健太はKentaという名前です。」 (Kenta is the name called Kenta.)
彼は自分を「リーダー」 ___ 人間 だと 思っている。
〜という is used here to identify the type of person he thinks he is.
Which phrase best translates 「〜というパラダイムシフト」?
〜という specifies the name of the paradigm shift.
The nominal form 〜という can only be used to introduce proper nouns.
It can introduce common nouns, abstract concepts, quoted clauses, and more.
この 花 ___ 名前 は バラ です。
〜という is used to state the name of the flower.
この 音楽 は ___ ジャンル に 分類 される。
〜という is used to specify the genre.
امتیاز: /10
Summary
〜という is your go-to phrase for identifying and naming things in Japanese, acting like a nominalizer for labels and descriptions.
- 〜という (to iu) nominalized form means 'what is called' or 'named'.
- Used to identify people, things, concepts, or titles.
- Can be followed by nouns (e.g., 〜という名前) or stand alone.
- Casual spoken forms include 〜って and 〜っていう.
Sound Association
Link 'to iu' to 'toe-you'. Imagine pointing to something and saying, 'This, toe-you, is called a...' This helps remember its function of naming or identifying.
Context is Key
Pay attention to whether 〜という is introducing a name, a concept, or a quote. The surrounding words will clarify its specific function.
Politeness Levels
While 〜という is neutral, remember that casual forms like 〜って exist for informal chats. Using the appropriate level shows social awareness.
Nominalizer Power
Think of 〜という as a mini-nominalizer. It takes what comes before it (a word, phrase, or even a clause) and turns it into a noun concept, like 'the thing called X'.
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