B2 noun #8,500 پرکاربردترین 9 دقیقه مطالعه

家系

Family line; lineage.

kakei
At the A1 level, you don't really need to use the word 'kakei' (家系). Instead, you focus on the word 'kazoku' (家族), which means 'family.' At this stage, you learn to say 'This is my family' or 'I have four people in my family.' 'Kakei' is too complicated because it talks about ancestors and long history, which is not usually covered in beginner lessons. However, you might see the kanji '家' (house/home), which is a very basic A1 kanji. Just remember that 'kakei' is a 'big version' of family that includes people from a long time ago.
At the A2 level, you might hear 'kakei' if you are interested in Japanese food, especially 'Kakei Ramen.' This is a special type of ramen from Yokohama. Besides food, you still mostly use 'kazoku' (family) or 'shinseki' (relatives). You might start to understand that 'kakei' is used for more formal things. For example, if you see a 'family tree' in a cartoon or a simple book, it might be called a 'kakeizu.' You don't need to use it in your own speaking yet, but recognizing that 'ka' means house and 'kei' means system helps you understand that it's about a 'family system.'
At the B1 level, you should begin to recognize 'kakei' in specific contexts like health or history. When you talk about your health, you might learn that some things are 'hereditary.' While 'iden' is the scientific word, 'kakei' is used to talk about the family history of a disease. You can start using it in sentences like 'My family has a line of doctors' (医者の家系です). You are moving beyond just 'people I live with' to 'the history of my family.' You should also be able to distinguish 'kakei' from 'kazoku' in reading passages about famous historical figures in Japan.
At the B2 level (your current level), 'kakei' is a word you should be able to use correctly. You understand that it refers to lineage and genealogy. You can use it to describe your background in a formal interview or a written essay. You know that 'kakei' is a noun and can use phrases like 'kakei wo tadoru' (to trace one's lineage). You also understand the cultural significance of lineage in Japan, such as the 'ie' system or the importance of family records. You can differentiate between 'kakei' (lineage), 'chisuji' (bloodline), and 'iegara' (family status) based on the situation.
At the C1 level, you use 'kakei' with precision in academic, legal, or professional discussions. You can discuss the socio-economic impacts of lineage in Japanese history or analyze the 'Koseki' (family registry) system using this terminology. You are comfortable with related academic terms like 'keifu' (genealogy) and can explain the nuances between biological lineage and legal family structures. You might also use 'kakei' metaphorically in business to describe the 'lineage' of a company's leadership or the evolution of a particular craft or school of art.
At the C2 level, you have a native-like grasp of 'kakei.' You understand its deep historical roots and can use it in highly formal or literary contexts. You can appreciate the word's use in classical literature or complex legal disputes regarding inheritance and lineage. You can also discuss the modern evolution of the word, including its niche use in culinary branding (Kakei Ramen) and how that reflects Japanese concepts of 'master-apprentice' relationships being viewed as a form of 'family line.' You can switch between 'kakei,' 'ketto,' 'chisuji,' and 'keifu' effortlessly to convey exact emotional or formal tones.

家系 در ۳۰ ثانیه

  • Refers to the continuous line of ancestors and descendants in a family.
  • Used in history, medicine (heredity), and formal introductions.
  • Often seen as 'Kakeizu' (family tree) or 'Kakei Ramen' (a specific style).
  • Distinguished from 'kazoku' by its focus on historical lineage rather than current members.

The Japanese word 家系 (kakei) is a sophisticated noun that translates primarily to 'family line,' 'lineage,' or 'genealogy.' At its core, it describes the continuous chain of ancestors and descendants that form a specific family unit over generations. Unlike the simpler word kazoku (family), which refers to the people you live with or your immediate relatives, kakei focuses on the historical and biological progression of a family through time. It is a term that bridges the past and the present, often used when discussing heritage, medical history, or social status.

Historical Context
In Japanese history, maintaining a clear 家系 was crucial for samurai and noble families. It determined inheritance, social rank, and political alliances. Even today, the concept of the ie (house) remains a cornerstone of Japanese social structure, though it has modernized significantly.
Biological and Medical Usage
In a medical setting, 家系 is used to discuss hereditary traits or diseases. Doctors might ask about your kakei to understand if certain conditions like high blood pressure or diabetes run in your family line.
The Ramen Phenomenon
Interestingly, the word has a very popular modern usage in the culinary world: 家系ラーメン (Kakei Ramen). This refers to a specific style of ramen (pork bone and soy sauce base) that originated from the Yoshimura-ya shop in Yokohama. The 'family' here refers to the lineage of apprentice shops that branched out from the original master.

彼は由緒ある家系の出身です。
(He comes from a distinguished family line.)

Furthermore, the word is often paired with zu (diagram) to form 家系図 (kakeizu), meaning 'family tree.' Creating or researching a kakeizu is a common hobby for those interested in genealogy. In legal contexts, the koseki (family registry) system in Japan serves as the official record of a kakei, documenting births, deaths, and marriages to maintain the integrity of the family line across generations. Understanding this word requires recognizing that it is not just about individuals, but about the 'system' (系) of the 'house' (家).

Using 家系 correctly requires understanding its role as a noun that often acts as a modifier or a subject in formal and semi-formal contexts. It is frequently followed by particles like ni (in/to), no (of), or teki (forming an adjective). Because it deals with lineage, it often appears alongside verbs like tsuzuku (to continue), taeru (to die out), or shiraberu (to investigate).

私の家系には、芸術家が多いです。
(In my family line, there are many artists.)

Common Grammatical Patterns
  • [Noun] + の家系: Used to describe the type of family line (e.g., 医者の家系 - a family line of doctors).
  • 家系的に: Acts as an adverb meaning 'hereditarily' or 'by lineage' (e.g., 家系的に太りやすい - prone to weight gain due to lineage).
  • 家系をたどる: To trace one's lineage or family tree back in time.

When discussing medical history, the sentence structure often focuses on the presence of traits. For instance, '家系に心臓病の既往歴がある' (There is a history of heart disease in the family line). Here, kakei provides the scope of the search—not just siblings, but ancestors as well. In more formal writing, such as a biography, you might see '彼は数百年続く古い家系に生まれた' (He was born into an old family line that has continued for hundreds of years).

その家系は明治時代から続いている。
(That family line has continued since the Meiji era.)

In the context of the famous 'Kakei Ramen,' the usage is slightly different. People might say '家系ラーメンが食べたい' (I want to eat Kakei-style ramen). In this case, kakei functions almost like a brand or a genre label. It is important to distinguish this from the literal meaning of 'family tree' based on the context of the conversation. If you are in a ramen shop, it's about the soup; if you are in a hospital or archives office, it's about your ancestors.

While 家系 (kakei) is a B2-level word, you will encounter it in several specific real-world scenarios in Japan. Understanding these contexts will help you grasp the weight the word carries. It is not a word for casual 'slang' talk, but it is very common in specific professional and cultural domains.

1. Medical Consultations
When filling out medical questionnaires at a Japanese clinic, you will often see a section for 家系 (Family History). Doctors use this to assess genetic risks. You might hear: 'ご家系に、同じ病気の方はいますか?' (Is there anyone in your family line with the same illness?)
2. History and Documentaries
TV programs about history or genealogy, such as NHK's 'Family History' (ファミリーヒストリー), frequently use the term 家系 to describe the roots of celebrities. They often reveal a kakeizu (family tree) that goes back to the Edo or Sengoku periods.
3. Formal Introductions and Biographies
In formal literature or when introducing a person of significance, the 家系 is mentioned to establish their background. For example, '代々続く政治家の家系に生まれる' (Born into a family line of politicians that has lasted for generations).

最近、自分の家系を詳しく調べているんだ。
(Lately, I've been researching my family line in detail.)

Another modern place you will see this word is on the signboards of ramen restaurants. Yokohama Kakei Ramen is a massive sub-culture in Japan. You will see shops with names ending in '-ya' (like Yoshimura-ya, Musashi-ya), and these are collectively known as the 家系 (Kakei) group. For many young Japanese people, this is actually the most common way they interact with the word on a daily basis.

Finally, in legal discussions regarding inheritance or the 'Koseki' system, kakei is the technical term for the lineage being tracked. If you ever have to deal with Japanese legal documents regarding a deceased relative, you will likely encounter this term in the paperwork to prove your relationship to the ancestor.

Even for advanced learners, 家系 (kakei) can be tricky because it overlaps with other family-related terms. The most common mistake is using it where kazoku (family) or shinzoku (relatives) would be more appropriate.

Mistake 1: Confusing 'Kakei' with 'Kazoku'
Learners often say '家系と一緒に旅行に行きます' (I'm going on a trip with my family line). This sounds very strange in Japanese. You should use 家族 (kazoku) here. Kakei refers to the abstract lineage or historical line, not the specific group of people you are currently hanging out with.
Mistake 2: Overusing 'Kakei' for Simple Heredity
While kakei can refer to hereditary traits, if you are talking about pure genetics (like eye color or a specific gene), 遺伝 (iden) is often better. 'Kakei' implies a broader family context, whereas 'iden' is purely biological.
Mistake 3: Misunderstanding 'Kakei Ramen'
Don't assume any ramen shop run by a family is a 'Kakei Ramen' shop. 'Kakei' in ramen refers specifically to the Yokohama-style pork-soy broth lineage. Using it for a generic family-run shop would be a factual error in Japanese food culture.

Incorrect: 昨日は家系と夕食を食べた。
Correct: 昨日は家族と夕食を食べた。
(I ate dinner with my family line vs. I ate dinner with my family.)

Another nuance to watch for is the difference between kakei and ketto (bloodline/pedigree). 血統 (ketto) is often used for animals (like horses or dogs) or in a more 'biological' or sometimes 'elitist' way for humans. 家系 is the more standard, neutral term for human genealogy and family history. Using ketto for a normal human family might sound overly dramatic or even slightly offensive depending on the context.

To truly master 家系 (kakei), it helps to compare it with its synonyms. Each has a slightly different shade of meaning and is used in different registers of Japanese.

血統 (Ketto) - Bloodline / Pedigree
This focuses strictly on biological descent. It is the word used for 'thoroughbred' horses or 'purebred' dogs. When used for humans, it can sound very formal or even suggest a focus on 'purity' of blood, which can be sensitive.
血筋 (Chisuji) - Blood / Lineage
A more common, slightly less formal word than kakei. It literally means 'blood thread.' It is often used to describe inherited talents or physical traits. '音楽家の血筋' (a bloodline of musicians).
系譜 (Keifu) - Genealogy / Lineage
This is a very academic and formal term. It is used not just for families, but for schools of thought, artistic movements, or technical developments. '文学の系譜' (the genealogy of literature).
家柄 (Iegara) - Family Standing / Lineage
This refers to the social status or reputation of a family line. If someone has a 'good iegara,' it means they come from a prestigious or wealthy family line.

彼は立派な家柄の息子だ。
(He is the son of a family with a fine standing.)

When choosing between these, consider your goal. If you are drawing a family tree, use 家系図 (kakeizu). If you are talking about why you are good at math, you might use 血筋 (chisuji). If you are talking about the historical record of a noble house, 家系 or 系譜 are best. Understanding these subtle differences marks the transition from an intermediate to an advanced Japanese speaker.

چقدر رسمی است؟

رسمی

"弊社の創業者は、代々続く商人の家系でございます。"

خنثی

"私の家系には、有名な武士がいたそうです。"

غیر رسمی

"うちの家系、みんな酒飲みなんだよね。"

نکته جالب

The 'kei' (系) kanji originally depicted silk threads being tied together, symbolizing the 'connection' or 'string' of a lineage.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK kɑːkeɪ
US kɑkeɪ
The stress is even on both syllables (平板型 - Heiban style).
هم‌قافیه با
時計 (tokei) 体系 (taikei) 関係 (kankei) 造詣 (zoukei) 背景 (haikei) 合計 (goukei) 統計 (toukei) 設計 (sekkei)
خطاهای رایج
  • Pronouncing 'kei' as 'ki' (it should be like the letter K).
  • Putting too much stress on the first syllable.
  • Confusing the pitch with 'kake' (bet/gamble).

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

これは私の家族(かぞく)です。

This is my family.

A1 uses 'kazoku' instead of 'kakei'.

2

家(いえ)はどこですか?

Where is your house?

Focus on the kanji '家'.

3

父は医者です。

My father is a doctor.

Simple occupation description.

4

私の家は大きいです。

My house is big.

Using 'ie' for physical house.

5

家族は四人です。

There are four people in my family.

Counting family members.

6

母は先生です。

My mother is a teacher.

Simple occupation.

7

家で本を読みます。

I read books at home.

Location particle 'de'.

8

日本に行きたいです。

I want to go to Japan.

Desire form '-tai'.

1

家系(かけい)ラーメンを食べました。

I ate Kakei Ramen.

Common usage in food context.

2

私の家系図(かけいず)を見ました。

I looked at my family tree.

'Kakeizu' is a common compound word.

3

有名な家系(かけい)の店です。

It is a shop from a famous lineage.

Using 'no' to link nouns.

4

古い家(いえ)に住んでいます。

I live in an old house.

Adjective modifying a noun.

5

系(けい)という漢字は難しいです。

The kanji for 'kei' is difficult.

Focusing on the character.

6

横浜でラーメンを食べました。

I ate ramen in Yokohama.

Location of Kakei ramen origin.

7

親戚(しんせき)がたくさんいます。

I have many relatives.

Using 'shinseki' for relatives.

8

歴史(れきし)が好きです。

I like history.

Lineage is related to history.

1

彼は医者の家系(かけい)に生まれました。

He was born into a family line of doctors.

Describing birth into a specific lineage.

2

家系(かけい)に伝わる宝物です。

It is a treasure passed down in the family line.

'Ni tsutawaru' means passed down in.

3

自分の家系(かけい)を調べたいです。

I want to investigate my family line.

Using 'shiraberu' (to investigate).

4

家系(かけい)的に、背が高い人が多いです。

By lineage, there are many tall people.

Adverbial '-teki ni' form.

5

その家系(かけい)は江戸時代から続いています。

That family line has continued since the Edo period.

Using 'tsuzuite iru' (continuing).

6

健康診断で家系(かけい)について聞かれました。

I was asked about my family line at the health checkup.

Passive voice 'kikareta'.

7

彼女は由緒ある家系(かけい)の出身だ。

She comes from a distinguished family line.

'Yuisho aru' (distinguished/historic).

8

家系図(かけいず)を完成させるのは大変だ。

Completing a family tree is difficult.

Nominalizing a verb with 'no wa'.

1

家系(かけい)をたどると、有名な武士に行き着いた。

Tracing back the family line, I reached a famous samurai.

'Tadoru' (to trace) is a common collocation.

2

この病気は家系(かけい)的な要因が強いと言われている。

It is said that this disease has strong hereditary factors.

Describing 'factors' (yoin).

3

彼は代々続く政治家の家系(かけい)に育った。

He grew up in a family line of politicians that has lasted for generations.

'Daidai tsuzuku' (continuing for generations).

4

家系(かけい)の存続を危ぶむ声が上がっている。

Voices are being raised worrying about the survival of the family line.

'Sonzoku' (survival/continuation).

5

学者の家系(かけい)に生まれた彼は、幼い頃から本に囲まれていた。

Born into a family line of scholars, he was surrounded by books from a young age.

Using 'umareta' as a modifier.

6

家系(かけい)の歴史を記録に残すことにした。

I decided to leave a record of the family line's history.

'Kiroku ni nokosu' (to record).

7

その伝統は、特定の家系(かけい)のみに受け継がれてきた。

That tradition has been inherited only by a specific family line.

'Uketsugareru' (to be inherited).

8

家系(かけい)を重んじる文化が、今も一部に残っている。

A culture that values family lineage still remains in some parts.

'Omonjiru' (to value/respect).

1

家系(かけい)の正当性を証明するために、古い戸籍謄本を取り寄せた。

To prove the legitimacy of the family line, I requested an old certified copy of the family register.

Formal legal vocabulary.

2

封建社会において、家系(かけい)は個人の運命を決定づける重要な要素であった。

In feudal society, family lineage was a crucial factor that determined an individual's fate.

Academic historical analysis.

3

その芸術的才能は、単なる努力ではなく、家系(かけい)によるものかもしれない。

That artistic talent might not be just effort, but something due to the family line.

Speculative 'kamo shirenai'.

4

家系(かけい)が途絶えることを防ぐため、養子を迎える習慣があった。

To prevent the family line from dying out, there was a custom of adopting children.

'Todaeru' (to cease/die out).

5

現代社会では、家系(かけい)よりも個人の能力が重視される傾向にある。

In modern society, there is a tendency to value individual ability over family lineage.

Comparative 'yori mo'.

6

家系(かけい)の研究は、社会学的な視点からも非常に興味深い。

The study of family lineage is very interesting from a sociological perspective as well.

Academic register.

7

彼は名門の家系(かけい)に泥を塗るような行為をした。

He committed an act that brought shame (smeared mud) on his prestigious family line.

Idiomatic expression 'doro wo nuru'.

8

家系(かけい)の変遷を辿ることで、地域の歴史が見えてくる。

By tracing the changes in family lineages, the history of the region becomes visible.

'Hensen' (transition/changes).

1

家系(かけい)という概念は、単なる生物学的連続性を超え、法的な身分制度と深く結びついていた。

The concept of family lineage transcended mere biological continuity and was deeply intertwined with the legal status system.

Highly abstract academic language.

2

源氏の家系(かけい)を汲むとされるその一族は、中世を通じて強大な権力を誇った。

That clan, said to derive from the Minamoto family line, boasted immense power throughout the Middle Ages.

'Kumu' (to derive from/draw water).

3

家系(かけい)の断絶は、当時の武士にとって最大の不名誉と見なされていた。

The extinction of the family line was considered the greatest dishonor for the samurai of that time.

'Danzetsu' (extinction/severance).

4

近現代における家系(かけい)意識の希薄化は、都市化と核家族化の必然的帰結である。

The weakening of family lineage consciousness in modern times is an inevitable consequence of urbanization and the shift to nuclear families.

Sociological discourse.

5

家系(かけい)の正統性を巡る論争は、時として政治的な動乱を引き起こした。

Disputes over the legitimacy of family lineages sometimes triggered political upheavals.

'Meguru' (concerning/around).

6

その小説は、三代にわたる家系(かけい)の没落を克明に描き出している。

The novel vividly depicts the downfall of a family line over three generations.

'Koku-mei ni' (vividly/minutely).

7

家系(かけい)の紐帯が個人の自由を束縛するという批判も根強い。

The criticism that the bonds of family lineage restrict individual freedom remains strong.

'Chutai' (bonds/ties).

8

日本独自の「家」制度が、家系(かけい)の維持に果たした役割は計り知れない。

The role that Japan's unique 'Ie' system played in maintaining family lines is immeasurable.

Evaluative 'hakari-shirenai'.

ترکیب‌های رایج

家系をたどる
家系に伝わる
家系が絶える
家系的な病気
由緒ある家系
家系図を作る
医者の家系
家系を守る
家系を重んじる
家系から外れる

عبارات رایج

家系ラーメン

家系図

家系調査

家系的に

名門の家系

没落した家系

家系を継ぐ

古い家系

家系の誇り

家系の秘密

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"家系に泥を塗る"

To bring shame to one's family line.

不祥事を起こして家系に泥を塗ってしまった。

Formal

"家系が途絶える"

For a family line to come to an end (no heirs).

このままでは家系が途絶えてしまう。

Neutral

"家系を汚す"

To stain the reputation of the family line.

家系を汚すような真似はするな。

Formal

"家系を再興する"

To restore a fallen family line to its former glory.

彼は一代で家系を再興した。

Formal

"家系の流れ"

The flow or history of the lineage.

家系の流れを汲む者として、責任を感じる。

Literary

"家系に名を残す"

To leave one's name in the family history (by doing something great).

彼は家系に名を残す偉業を成し遂げた。

Formal

"家系を遡る"

To go back up the family line (tracing ancestors).

家系を遡ると平安時代にたどり着く。

Neutral

"家系を絶やす"

To let the family line end (often used as a warning).

家系を絶やしてはならない。

Formal

"家系の呪い"

A metaphorical (or literal in fiction) curse on a family line.

これは家系の呪いかもしれない。

Informal/Creative

"家系の絆"

The bonds of the family line.

家系の絆を大切にする。

Neutral

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

فعل‌ها

صفت‌ها

مرتبط

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Imagine a 'House' (家) connected by a 'System' (系) of threads. These threads are your ancestors.

تداعی تصویری

Picture a large old Japanese mansion with a long, glowing string stretching out the back into the past, connecting to many older houses.

شبکه واژگان

Ancestor Descendant Bloodline Family Tree Hereditary Surname Legacy House

چالش

Try to describe your own 'kakei' in three Japanese sentences using the word.

ریشه کلمه

The word consists of two kanji: '家' (ka/ie) meaning house or family, and '系' (kei) meaning system, lineage, or connection. It originated from the need to document the 'system of the house' in feudal Japan.

معنای اصلی: The organized system of a household's descent.

Sino-Japanese (Kango).

بافت فرهنگی

Be careful when discussing lineage with those who may be adopted or have complex family histories, as 'kakei' often emphasizes biological or formal legal descent.

English speakers often say 'family line' or 'it runs in the family.' 'Kakei' is more formal than 'runs in the family.'

NHK Family History (TV Show) Yokohama Yoshimura-ya (Ramen) The Koseki Law (Japanese Law)
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