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A2 verb #4,000 پرکاربردترین 13 دقیقه مطالعه

風邪をひく

kaze o hiku رتبه 4,000

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 風邪をひく در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 風邪をひく in your Level:

At the A1 level, learners should recognize 'kaze o hiku' as a set phrase meaning 'to catch a cold.' The focus is on the basic present and past forms. Students learn to say 'Kaze o hikimashita' (I caught a cold) to explain why they are sick. The emphasis is on the connection between the noun 'kaze' (cold) and the verb 'hiku' (to pull). At this stage, it is important to simply memorize the phrase as a whole rather than worrying about the etymology of the kanji. Learners should also be able to understand simple commands like 'Kaze o hikanai de kudasai' (Please don't catch a cold), often said by teachers or friends during winter. The goal is to facilitate basic communication about health and daily life, such as explaining an absence from class or responding to a greeting about one's well-being.

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At the A2 level, learners begin to use 'kaze o hiku' in more complex sentence structures. They learn to use conjunctions like 'node' (because) to explain cause and effect: 'Kaze o hiita node, gakkō o yasumimasu' (Because I caught a cold, I will be absent from school). They also start to use the '-te iru' form to describe their current state: 'Kaze o hiite imasu' (I have a cold). A2 learners should become familiar with the conditional '-tara' or '-to' to give warnings, such as 'Samui to kaze o hikimasu yo' (If it's cold, you'll catch a cold). They also learn related vocabulary like 'kaze-gusuri' (cold medicine) and 'netsu' (fever). The focus is on expanding the contexts in which the phrase can be used, moving from simple reporting to explaining situations and giving advice.

At the B1 level, students should be comfortable with the various nuances and registers of 'kaze o hiku.' They learn to use the '-te shimau' form to express regret: 'Kaze o hiite shimaimashita' (Unfortunately, I caught a cold). They also begin to distinguish between 'kaze' and more specific illnesses like the flu, using the correct verbs for each. B1 learners can describe their symptoms in more detail, combining 'kaze o hiku' with other phrases like 'seki ga tomaranai' (the coughing won't stop). They also start to encounter the phrase in more varied media, such as news reports or short stories. At this level, understanding the cultural context of health in Japan—such as the importance of gargling and wearing masks—becomes integrated with the linguistic usage of the phrase.

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At the B2 level, learners can use 'kaze o hiku' in sophisticated discussions about health and lifestyle. They can talk about 'kaze o hiki-yasui taishitsu' (a constitution prone to catching colds) and discuss prevention methods in detail. They understand idiomatic expressions and proverbs related to the phrase, such as 'Kaze wa manbyō no moto.' B2 students can navigate complex social situations, such as apologizing for a work delay caused by a cold using appropriate humble or polite language. They are also able to understand the subtle differences between 'kaze o hiku' and more formal alternatives like 'taichō o kuzusu' and can choose the appropriate one based on the social context. Their understanding of the phrase's etymology (the 'evil wind') adds depth to their linguistic competence.

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At the C1 level, learners have a near-native command of 'kaze o hiku' and its related expressions. They can use the phrase metaphorically and recognize its use in classical or literary contexts. They are familiar with technical terms like 'kanbō' (感冒) and can understand medical discussions where 'kaze' is discussed in a broader pathological context. C1 learners can participate in nuanced debates about public health in Japan, such as the cultural pressure to work even when one has 'pulled a cold.' They can pick up on subtle emotional cues when someone uses the phrase, such as whether they are seeking sympathy, making an excuse, or simply stating a fact. Their ability to conjugate and manipulate the phrase is flawless, and they can use it in any register, from slang to highly formal address.

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At the C2 level, the learner's mastery of 'kaze o hiku' is complete. They understand the historical evolution of the phrase from ancient medical texts to modern daily usage. They can appreciate and use the phrase in creative writing, poetry, or complex rhetorical arguments. C2 learners are aware of regional variations in how the phrase might be pronounced or used in different Japanese dialects. They can analyze the sociological implications of the phrase within Japanese society, such as how it relates to concepts of 'gaman' (endurance) and 'meiwaku' (nuisance). For a C2 learner, 'kaze o hiku' is not just a vocabulary item but a window into the Japanese worldview regarding the body, nature, and social responsibility. They can use the phrase with perfect naturalness, including all its possible idiomatic and metaphorical extensions.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

風邪をひく در ۳۰ ثانیه

風邪をひく (kaze o hiku) is the standard Japanese phrase for 'to catch a cold,' used in all social levels to describe common respiratory illnesses.
The phrase literally means 'to pull the evil wind,' reflecting ancient beliefs that illnesses were caused by external wicked energies entering the human body.
Grammatically, 'hiku' is a Godan verb, most commonly used in the past tense 'hiita' or polite past 'hikimashita' to report being currently sick.
It is a key phrase for workplace etiquette, school absences, and daily small talk, often accompanied by cultural practices like wearing masks and gargling.

The Japanese expression 風邪をひく (kaze o hiku) is the standard way to say 'to catch a cold' in Japanese. While it is a common phrase, its linguistic construction offers a fascinating glimpse into how illness was historically perceived in East Asia. The word kaze (風邪) is composed of two kanji characters: 風, meaning 'wind,' and 邪, meaning 'evil' or 'wickedness.' Historically, it was believed that illnesses were caused by 'evil winds' or 'wicked energy' entering the body through the skin or breath. The verb ひく (引く) literally means 'to pull' or 'to draw.' Therefore, when you say kaze o hiku, you are metaphorically saying that you have 'pulled the evil wind' into yourself. This differs significantly from the English 'catch,' which implies a more accidental or passive encounter with a virus. In Japanese, there is a subtle, albeit unintentional, sense of having drawn the condition toward oneself. This phrase is used universally across all levels of politeness and social settings, from a child telling their parent they feel unwell to a professional notifying their boss of an absence.

Literal Meaning: To pull the evil wind.
Modern Context: Used to describe the onset of upper respiratory symptoms like sneezing, coughing, or a sore throat.
Usage Frequency: Extremely high; it is the primary way to discuss common viral illnesses in daily life.

昨日から少し風邪をひいたみたいです。 (Kinō kara sukoshi kaze o hiita mitai desu.) - It seems I have caught a cold since yesterday.

In Japan, the common cold is taken quite seriously as a precursor to more severe illnesses. There is a famous proverb, 'Kaze wa manbyō no moto' (風邪は万病の元), which translates to 'A cold is the root of ten thousand illnesses.' This cultural mindset explains why Japanese people are so proactive about preventing colds through the use of masks, gargling (ugai), and hand-washing. When someone says they have 'pulled a cold,' the typical response involves expressing concern for their recovery and suggesting they take plenty of rest and fluids. The phrase is most commonly heard during the changing of seasons, particularly during the transition to winter or the rainy season (tsuyu), when temperature fluctuations make people more susceptible to illness.

無理をすると風邪をひきますよ。 (Muri o suru to kaze o hikimasu yo.) - If you overdo it, you will catch a cold.

Furthermore, the verb hiku is a Godan verb, meaning it conjugates following standard patterns. In the past tense, it becomes hiita (ひいた), and in the polite present, it is hikimasu (ひきます). It is crucial to remember that kaze can also mean 'wind' (written as 風), but in the context of illness, the kanji 邪 is added. In casual conversation, people often omit the kanji for 'hiku' and write it in hiragana, though the kanji 引く is also correct. Understanding this phrase is essential for navigating social life in Japan, as health is a frequent topic of small talk and workplace communication.

お大事に！風邪をひかないように気をつけてください。 (Odaiji ni! Kaze o hikanai yō ni ki o tsukete kudasai.) - Take care! Please be careful not to catch a cold.

Using 風邪をひく (kaze o hiku) correctly requires an understanding of Japanese verb conjugation and particle usage. The phrase consists of the noun kaze (cold), the object marker particle o, and the verb hiku (to pull). Because hiku is a Godan verb ending in -ku, its past tense form involves an 'i' sound change, becoming hiita. This is the most common form you will encounter, as people usually talk about having already caught a cold. For example, 'I caught a cold' is kaze o hiita (casual) or kaze o hikimashita (polite). If you want to say you have a cold right now, you might say kaze o hiite iru, which uses the continuous -te iru form to describe the ongoing state of being sick.

Present Tense (Habitual/Future): 風邪をひく (kaze o hiku) - To catch a cold.
Past Tense (Completed Action): 風邪をひいた (kaze o hiita) - Caught a cold.
Negative Form (Prevention): 風邪をひかない (kaze o hikanai) - To not catch a cold.

弟はよく風邪をひく体質です。 (Otōto wa yoku kaze o hiku taishitsu desu.) - My younger brother has a physical constitution that makes him catch colds easily.

The phrase is also frequently used with conditional structures. For instance, if you want to warn someone that they might get sick if they stay out in the rain, you would use the -to or -tara conditional: Ame ni nureru to kaze o hikimasu yo (If you get wet in the rain, you'll catch a cold). Another common pattern is using the potential form hikeru, though it is rare to say one 'can' catch a cold; instead, you might hear hiki-yasui (easy to catch) or hiki-nikui (hard to catch). When visiting a doctor, you might use the noun form kaze on its own to describe your symptoms, but kaze o hiita remains the primary way to report the event of falling ill.

ひどい風邪をひいて、学校を休みました。 (Hidoi kaze o hiite, gakkō o yasumimashita.) - I caught a terrible cold and stayed home from school.

In formal settings, such as an office environment, you might use more humble or indirect language. Instead of simply saying you caught a cold, you might say kaze o hiite shimaimashita, where the -te shimau ending expresses regret or the unfortunate nature of the situation. This shows the listener that you are sorry for the inconvenience your illness might cause. Additionally, when asking about someone else's health, you can ask, Kaze o hikimashita ka? (Did you catch a cold?). This is a polite way to acknowledge that they look unwell without being overly intrusive. The flexibility of this phrase makes it a cornerstone of Japanese interpersonal communication regarding health and well-being.

昨日、薄着で外出したので風邪をひいてしまいました。 (Kinō, usugi de gaishutsu shita node kaze o hiite shimaimashita.) - I went out in thin clothes yesterday, so I ended up catching a cold.

You will encounter 風邪をひく (kaze o hiku) in almost every aspect of Japanese life, particularly during the winter months. In the workplace, it is the standard phrase used in emails or phone calls to explain an absence. A typical sentence might be, 'Kaze o hiita node, honjitsu wa o-yasumi sasete itadakimasu' (I caught a cold, so I will be taking the day off today). Because Japanese work culture emphasizes group harmony and responsibility, mentioning a 'cold' is often seen as a legitimate reason for absence, provided it is communicated promptly and politely. You will also hear it frequently in schools, where teachers remind students to take precautions during flu season.

In the Media: Weather forecasters often warn, 'Kaze o hikanai yō ni ki o tsukete kudasai' when a cold front is approaching.
At the Pharmacy: Pharmacists will ask, 'Itsu kaze o hikimashita ka?' (When did you catch the cold?) to determine which medicine to recommend.
In Anime/Drama: Characters often catch colds after being in the rain, leading to a 'nursing' scene which is a common trope.

最近、風邪をひいている人が多いですね。 (Saikin, kaze o hiite iru hito ga ōi desu ne.) - There have been many people with colds lately, haven't there?

In commercial settings, advertisements for over-the-counter medications heavily feature this phrase. You'll see slogans like 'Kaze o hiita kana? to omottara...' (If you think you might have caught a cold...). These commercials often depict someone sneezing or feeling sluggish, followed by the solution—a specific brand of kaze-gusuri (cold medicine). Interestingly, the phrase is so common that it is even used in casual warnings among friends. If you leave a window open at night, a friend might say, 'Kaze hiku yo!' (You'll catch a cold!). This reflects the pervasive cultural belief that exposure to cold air directly causes the illness.

冬になると、決まって風邪をひきます。 (Fuyu ni naru to, kimatte kaze o hikimasu.) - When winter comes, I always catch a cold without fail.

Social media also sees a spike in the use of this phrase during the winter and spring. People often post photos of their thermometer or a cup of ginger tea with the caption 'Kaze hiita...' to seek sympathy or explain their lack of activity. In literature and songs, kaze o hiku can sometimes be used metaphorically to represent a sense of vulnerability or a sudden change in one's emotional state, though its primary use remains literal. Whether you are watching the news, shopping for supplies, or chatting with a neighbor, this phrase is an indispensable part of the Japanese linguistic landscape.

あんなに元気だったのに、急に風邪をひいたんですか？ (Anna ni genki datta noni, kyū ni kaze o hiita n desu ka?) - You were so energetic, but did you suddenly catch a cold?

For English speakers learning Japanese, the most common mistake when trying to say 'to catch a cold' is using the wrong verb. In English, we 'catch' a cold, which might lead a student to use the Japanese verb tsukamaeru (to catch/capture) or toru (to take). However, saying kaze o tsukamaeru would sound like you physically chased down a gust of wind and grabbed it with your hands. Another common error is using the particle ni instead of o. While some illnesses use ni (like infuruenza ni kakaru), kaze strictly takes o when paired with hiku. Using kaze ni hiku is grammatically incorrect and will confuse native speakers.

Mistake 1: Wrong Verb: Using 'tsukamaeru' or 'toru' instead of 'hiku'.
Mistake 2: Wrong Particle: Using 'ni' instead of 'o' (e.g., 'kaze ni hiku' is wrong).
Mistake 3: Confusing Kanji: Writing '風' (wind) alone instead of '風邪' (cold).

× 風邪をつかまえました。 (Kaze o tsukamaemashita.) - Incorrect literal translation of 'caught'.

Another subtle mistake involves the tense. In English, we often say 'I have a cold' to describe our current state. If you translate this literally as kaze o motte iru (I am holding a cold), it will sound very strange. In Japanese, the focus is on the act of having 'pulled' the cold. Therefore, to say 'I have a cold,' you must use the past tense kaze o hiita or the state-of-being form kaze o hiite iru. Additionally, learners often confuse hiku (to pull) with fuku (to blow), especially since 'wind' (kaze) and 'blowing' (fuku) are naturally related. Saying kaze o fuku would mean you are blowing a cold, which makes no sense.

× 風邪を持っています。 (Kaze o motte imasu.) - Incorrect literal translation of 'have a cold'.

Finally, be careful with the kanji for hiku. While it is often written in hiragana, if you choose to use kanji, you must use 引く. Using other kanji that are also read as 'hiku' (like 弾く for playing an instrument or 轢く for running over something with a car) would result in hilarious or disturbing sentences. For example, kaze o hiku (弾く) would mean you are playing a cold like a piano. Always double-check your kanji selection when typing. By focusing on the 'pulling' metaphor and using the correct particle o, you will avoid the most frequent pitfalls associated with this essential phrase.

× 風をひく。 (Kaze o hiku - using only the wind kanji.) - While understandable, it's incomplete for 'cold'.

While 風邪をひく (kaze o hiku) is the most common way to say you've caught a cold, there are several other expressions you can use depending on the severity of your symptoms or the formality of the situation. If you want to describe a general feeling of being unwell without specifically mentioning a cold, you can use taichō o kuzusu (体調を崩す), which literally means 'to break one's physical condition.' This is very common in professional settings when you need to explain why you are not performing at 100% or why you need to leave early. It sounds slightly more sophisticated and less 'childish' than simply saying you have a cold.

体調を崩す (Taichō o kuzusu): To fall ill or feel unwell. More formal and general than 'kaze o hiku'.
鼻風邪 (Hanakaze): A 'head cold' or 'nose cold' specifically involving congestion or a runny nose.
インフルエンザにかかる (Infuruenza ni kakaru): To contract the flu. Uses the verb 'kakaru' instead of 'hiku'.

最近の寒暖差で、体調を崩してしまいました。 (Saikin no kandansa de, taichō o kuzushite shimaimashita.) - I've fallen ill due to the recent temperature fluctuations.

For more specific symptoms, you might use phrases like netsu ga aru (to have a fever), seki ga deru (to have a cough), or hanamizu ga deru (to have a runny nose). These can be used alongside kaze o hiita to give more detail. For example, 'Kaze o hiite, netsu ga arimasu' (I caught a cold and have a fever). If the cold is particularly lingering or difficult to get rid of, you can use the expression kaze ga nukenai (the cold won't leave/exit). This is a common complaint among people who have been sick for a week or more.

ただの風邪だと思っていましたが、長引いています。 (Tada no kaze da to omotte imashita ga, nagabiite imasu.) - I thought it was just a cold, but it's dragging on.

In very formal or academic writing, you might see kanbō (感冒), which is the technical term for a cold. However, you would almost never hear this in spoken conversation. Another interesting variation is baka wa kaze o hikanai (idiots don't catch colds), a humorous Japanese superstition suggesting that people who aren't very smart don't notice they are sick until it's over, or that they are too simple-minded to get stressed and lower their immune system. While not a synonym, it's a common idiomatic use of the phrase. Understanding these alternatives allows you to be more precise and culturally attuned when discussing health in Japan.

彼は風邪気味なので、今日は早く帰ります。 (Kare wa kazegimi na node, kyō wa hayaku kaerimasu.) - He feels a cold coming on, so he's going home early today.

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The verb 'hiku' (to pull) was chosen because patients were thought to 'pull' this evil air into their systems through their pores or breath.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /kaze o hiku/

US /kɑzeɪ oʊ hiku/

Pitch accent is usually low-high-low (ka-ZE-o hi-ku).

هم‌قافیه با

Ame (rain) Kame (turtle) Mame (bean) Sake (alcohol) Take (bamboo) Kiku (listen) Aku (open) Iku (go)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing 'kaze' like 'case'.
Pronouncing 'hiku' like 'haiku'.
Making the 'o' particle too long.
Stress on the wrong syllable (should be flat or following pitch accent).
Merging 'kaze' and 'o' into one sound.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 2/5

The kanji for 'kaze' is common but 'hiku' is often hiragana. Easy to recognize.

نوشتن 3/5

Writing 'kaze' (風邪) correctly requires remembering the 'wicked' kanji.

صحبت کردن 2/5

Simple pronunciation, though pitch accent takes practice.

گوش دادن 2/5

Very frequent in daily life, easy to pick up in context.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

風 (Wind) 引く (To pull) 病気 (Illness) 薬 (Medicine) 休み (Rest/Holiday)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

熱がある (To have a fever) 咳が出る (To have a cough) 喉が痛い (Sore throat) 病院に行く (Go to the hospital) お大事に (Get well soon)

پیشرفته

免疫力 (Immunity) 潜伏期間 (Incubation period) 処方箋 (Prescription) 合併症 (Complications) 流行性 (Epidemic)

گرامر لازم

Godan Verb Conjugation (ku -> ita)

ひく (hiku) -> ひいた (hiita)

Particle 'o' for Direct Objects

風邪をひく (Catch a cold)

Using 'node' for Reason

風邪をひいたので休みます。

Potential Form with '-yasui'

ひきやすい (Easy to catch)

Desiderative '-tai'

風邪をひきたくない (Don't want to catch a cold)

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

風邪をひきました。

I caught a cold.

Uses the polite past tense form '-mashita'.

風邪をひかないでください。

Please don't catch a cold.

Uses the negative request form '-nai de kudasai'.

昨日、風邪をひいた。

I caught a cold yesterday.

Uses the casual past tense form 'hiita'.

風邪をひくと大変です。

It's tough when you catch a cold.

Uses the conditional '-to' for general truths.

よく風邪をひきますか？

Do you catch colds often?

Uses the adverb 'yoku' (often) with the polite present tense.

弟が風邪をひいた。

My younger brother caught a cold.

Subject is 'otōto' (younger brother).

冬は風邪をひきやすい。

It's easy to catch a cold in winter.

Uses '-yasui' (easy to) attached to the verb stem.

風邪をひきたくないです。

I don't want to catch a cold.

Uses the desiderative '-tai' in the negative.

風邪をひいたので、休みます。

Because I caught a cold, I will be absent.

Uses 'node' to express a reason.

風邪をひかないように、マスクをします。

I wear a mask so that I don't catch a cold.

Uses '-yō ni' to express purpose.

ひどい風邪をひいてしまいました。

I ended up catching a terrible cold.

Uses '-te shimau' to express regret.

暖かくしないと、風邪をひきますよ。

If you don't keep warm, you'll catch a cold.

Uses the conditional '-to' as a warning.

風邪をひいた時、何を飲みますか？

What do you drink when you catch a cold?

Uses 'toki' to mean 'when'.

彼女は風邪をひいているみたいです。

It seems like she has a cold.

Uses 'mitai desu' to express an observation.

風邪をひかないために、うがいをします。

I gargle in order not to catch a cold.

Uses 'tame ni' to express purpose.

昨日から風邪をひき始めています。

I've started catching a cold since yesterday.

Uses '-hajimeru' to indicate the start of an action.

旅行中に風邪をひいて、大変な目に遭いました。

I caught a cold during my trip and had a hard time.

Uses '-chū' (during) and the phrase 'taihen na me ni au'.

風邪をひかない体を作るために、運動しています。

I exercise to build a body that doesn't catch colds.

Uses a relative clause 'kaze o hikanai' to modify 'karada'.

もし風邪をひいたら、この薬を飲んでください。

If you catch a cold, please take this medicine.

Uses the conditional '-tara' for a hypothetical situation.

彼は一度風邪をひくと、なかなか治りません。

Once he catches a cold, it doesn't get better easily.

Uses 'nakanaka... nai' to mean 'not easily'.

風邪をひいたふりをして、仕事を休みました。

I pretended to have a cold and took a day off work.

Uses 'furi o suru' to mean 'pretend'.

最近、風邪をひきやすいので気をつけています。

I've been easy to catch colds lately, so I'm being careful.

Uses the '-yasui' suffix to indicate tendency.

子供が風邪をひかないか心配です。

I'm worried about whether my child will catch a cold.

Uses '-ka shinpai' to express worry about a possibility.

風邪をひいた可能性が高いです。

There is a high possibility that I caught a cold.

Uses 'kanōsei ga takai' to express high probability.

無理なスケジュールが続いて、ついに風邪をひいてしまった。

The impossible schedule continued, and I finally ended up catching a cold.

Uses 'tsuini' (finally) and the '-te shimau' regret form.

風邪をひくのは、自己管理ができていない証拠だと言われた。

I was told that catching a cold is proof of poor self-management.

Uses 'shōko' (proof) and passive voice 'iwareta'.

季節の変わり目は、どうしても風邪をひきやすくなる。

At the change of seasons, one inevitably becomes more prone to catching a cold.

Uses 'dōshitemo' (inevitably) and '-yasuku naru'.

風邪をひいたおかげで、久しぶりにゆっくり休めた。

Thanks to catching a cold, I was able to rest properly for the first time in a while.

Uses 'okage de' (thanks to) for a positive outcome of a negative event.

まさか大事なプレゼンの前に風邪をひくなんて思わなかった。

I never thought I'd catch a cold right before an important presentation.

Uses 'masaka... nante' to express disbelief.

風邪をひかない秘訣は、毎日生姜湯を飲むことです。

The secret to not catching a cold is drinking ginger tea every day.

Uses 'hiketsu' (secret/key) and 'koto desu' for definition.

風邪をひいたせいで、楽しみにしていたライブに行けなかった。

Because I caught a cold, I couldn't go to the concert I was looking forward to.

Uses 'sei de' (because of/fault) for a negative outcome.

都会の生活でストレスが溜まり、風邪をひきやすくなっている。

Stress is building up from city life, making me more susceptible to catching colds.

Uses the '-te' form to link cause and effect.

風邪をひくという行為は、身体からの休息のサインかもしれない。

The act of catching a cold might be a sign from the body to rest.

Uses 'to iu kōi' (the act of) and 'kamoshirenai' (might be).

彼は風邪をひいたことを口実に、責任ある立場から退いた。

He used catching a cold as an excuse to step down from his position of responsibility.

Uses 'kōjitsu ni' (as an excuse) and 'taishita' (stepped down).

風邪をひくことの経済的損失は、無視できない規模に達している。

The economic loss from people catching colds has reached a scale that cannot be ignored.

Uses 'keizaiteki sonshitsu' (economic loss) and 'mushi dekinai' (cannot be ignored).

万全の対策を講じていたにもかかわらず、風邪をひいてしまった。

Despite taking every possible precaution, I ended up catching a cold.

Uses 'ni mo kakawarazu' (despite) and 'banzen no taisaku' (thorough precautions).

風邪をひいた時の心細さは、誰しもが経験する普遍的な感情だ。

The feeling of helplessness when catching a cold is a universal emotion everyone experiences.

Uses 'kokorobososa' (helplessness/loneliness) and 'fuhenteki' (universal).

免疫力が低下している時に風邪をひくと、合併症を引き起こす恐れがある。

If you catch a cold when your immunity is low, there is a risk of causing complications.

Uses 'osore ga aru' (there is a fear/risk) and 'gappēshō' (complications).

風邪をひいた初期段階で適切な処置をすることが、早期回復の鍵だ。

Taking appropriate measures at the initial stage of catching a cold is the key to early recovery.

Uses 'shoki dankai' (initial stage) and 'tekisetsu na shochi' (appropriate measures).

心理的なストレスが原因で風邪をひくという現象は、医学的にも証明されている。

The phenomenon of catching a cold due to psychological stress has been medically proven.

Uses 'genshō' (phenomenon) and 'shōmē sarete iru' (has been proven).

風邪をひくという日常的な事象の背後には、複雑な生物学的ドラマが隠されている。

Behind the mundane daily occurrence of catching a cold lies a complex biological drama.

Uses 'nichijōteki na jishō' (mundane daily occurrence) and 'haigo' (behind).

近代文学において、風邪をひくことはしばしば主人公の精神的脆弱性を象徴する。

In modern literature, catching a cold often symbolizes the protagonist's spiritual vulnerability.

Uses 'shōchō suru' (symbolize) and 'seishinteki zeijakusei' (spiritual vulnerability).

風邪をひくたびに、己の肉体の有限性と自然への畏敬の念を思い知らされる。

Every time I catch a cold, I am reminded of the finiteness of my own body and a sense of awe toward nature.

Uses 'yūngensei' (finiteness) and 'ikei no nen' (sense of awe).

グローバル化が進む現代において、風邪をひくことは単なる個人の問題ではなく、社会全体の課題である。

In the modern era of advancing globalization, catching a cold is not merely an individual problem but a challenge for society as a whole.

Uses 'tan-naru' (mere) and 'kadai' (challenge/task).

風邪をひくという経験を通じて、健康という名の沈黙の価値を再認識する。

Through the experience of catching a cold, I re-recognize the value of the silence called health.

Uses 'chinmoku no kachi' (value of silence) and 'sai-ninshiki' (re-recognition).

病が「風の邪」と記されるその語源には、古人の自然観が色濃く反映されている。

The etymology of the illness written as 'evil of the wind' deeply reflects the ancients' view of nature.

Uses 'gogen' (etymology) and 'ironoku han-ei sarete iru' (deeply reflected).

風邪をひくという些細な出来事が、人生の大きな転換点になることも稀ではない。

It is not rare for a trivial event like catching a cold to become a major turning point in life.

Uses 'sasai na dekigoto' (trivial event) and 'tenkanten' (turning point).

現代社会の喧騒から逃れるために、無意識のうちに風邪をひくことを望んでいるのかもしれない。

To escape the hustle and bustle of modern society, one might unconsciously desire to catch a cold.

Uses 'kensō' (hustle and bustle) and 'muishiki no uchi ni' (unconsciously).

ترکیب‌های رایج

ひどい風邪をひく

よく風邪をひく

風邪をひきやすい

風邪をひかないように

風邪をひいて休む

珍しく風邪をひく

風邪をひいたみたい

夏に風邪をひく

風邪をひきかける

うっかり風邪をひく

عبارات رایج

風邪をひきました

— I caught a cold. Standard polite report of illness.

すみません、風邪をひきました。

風邪をひかないでね

— Don't catch a cold. Casual wish for someone's health.

外は寒いから、風邪をひかないでね。

風邪をひきやすいタイプ

— The type of person who catches colds easily.

私は昔から風邪をひきやすいタイプなんです。

風邪をひいて寝込む

— To catch a cold and be bedridden.

ひどい風邪をひいて三日間寝込んだ。

風邪をひく暇もない

— To be so busy that one doesn't even have time to get sick.

最近は忙しくて、風邪をひく暇もありません。

風邪をひいたかな？

— Did I catch a cold? Wondering about symptoms.

くしゃみが出た。風邪をひいたかな？

風邪をひく前兆

— Precursor or sign of catching a cold.

喉の違和感は風邪をひく前兆だ。

風邪をひいた時の食事

— Food for when one has caught a cold.

風邪をひいた時の食事はお粥がいい。

風邪をひかない工夫

— Efforts or tricks to not catch a cold.

風邪をひかない工夫として、加湿器を使っている。

風邪をひく原因

— The cause of catching a cold.

寝不足が風邪をひく原因になる。

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

風邪をひく vs 風 (Kaze - Wind)

Same pronunciation, but 'wind' doesn't use the 'evil' kanji 邪 and usually takes verbs like 'fuku' (blow).

風邪をひく vs 引く (Hiku - To pull/subtract)

The verb 'hiku' has many meanings. Context is key to knowing it means 'catching a cold' here.

風邪をひく vs かかる (Kakaru - To contract)

Used for the flu or serious diseases, not usually for a common cold.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"馬鹿は風邪をひかない"

— Idiots don't catch colds. A common superstition/joke in Japan.

彼は冬でも半袖だけど、馬鹿は風邪をひかないから大丈夫だね。

Informal/Humorous

"風邪は万病の元"

— A cold is the root of all illness. Emphasizes treating colds seriously.

風邪は万病の元と言うから、早く病院に行きなさい。

Proverbial

"風邪をひく暇もない"

— So busy that one cannot afford to get sick.

年末は仕事が山積みで、風邪をひく暇もないよ。

Neutral

"夏風邪は馬鹿がひく"

— Only fools catch colds in the summer. A variation of the 'idiot' idiom.

こんなに暑いのに風邪をひくなんて、夏風邪は馬鹿がひくって本当だね。

Informal/Joking

"風邪をひいた時の知恵"

— Folk wisdom for when you have a cold.

長ネギを首に巻くのは、風邪をひいた時の古い知恵だ。

Traditional

"風邪をひき込む"

— To catch a cold deeply or severely.

無理をして風邪をひき込んでしまった。

Neutral

"風邪をひいた鴉"

— A crow with a cold. Used to describe someone with a raspy voice.

風邪をひいた鴉のような声で歌っている。

Literary/Metaphorical

"風邪をひいて鼻を鳴らす"

— To sniffle or make noise with one's nose due to a cold.

彼はさっきから風邪をひいて鼻を鳴らしている。

Descriptive

"風邪をひかないお守り"

— A charm to prevent catching a cold.

おばあちゃんから風邪をひかないお守りをもらった。

Cultural

"風邪をひいた気分"

— Feeling as if one has caught a cold (often metaphorical for being down).

失恋して、まるで風邪をひいた気分だ。

Metaphorical

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

風邪をひく vs インフルエンザ (Flu)

Both are respiratory illnesses.

Colds use 'hiku', Flu uses 'ni kakaru'. Flu is more severe.

風邪をひいたかと思ったら、インフルエンザだった。

風邪をひく vs 鼻炎 (Bien - Rhinitis)

Similar symptoms like runny nose.

Bien is often chronic or allergic, Kaze is viral/temporary.

これは風邪じゃなくて、アレルギー性鼻炎です。

風邪をひく vs 咳 (Seki - Cough)

A cough is a symptom of a cold.

Seki is the noun for the cough itself, kaze is the whole illness.

風邪をひいて、咳がひどいです。

風邪をひく vs 熱 (Netsu - Fever)

A fever is a symptom of a cold.

Netsu is the high temperature, kaze is the illness.

風邪をひいたので、熱を測ります。

風邪をひく vs 寒い (Samui - Cold weather)

English uses 'cold' for both.

Samui is the adjective for temperature, kaze is the illness.

外が寒いので、風邪をひきました。

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

[Person] wa kaze o hikimashita.

田中さんは風邪をひきました。

Kaze o hiita node [Action].

風邪をひいたので早く帰ります。

Kaze o hikanai yō ni [Action].

風邪をひかないようにマスクをします。

Kaze o hiite [Regret].

風邪をひいてライブに行けなかった。

Kaze o hiku koto wa [Noun] da.

風邪をひくことは休息のサインだ。

Kaze o hiku to [Result].

風邪をひくと喉が痛くなります。

Kaze o hiite iru [Noun].

風邪をひいている人は誰ですか？

Kaze o hikanai de.

風邪をひかないで。

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

風邪 (Kaze) - Cold

鼻風邪 (Hanakaze) - Head cold

風邪薬 (Kazegusuri) - Cold medicine

فعل‌ها

ひく (Hiku) - To pull/catch

こじらせる (Kojiraseru) - To make a cold worse

うつす (Utsusu) - To pass a cold to someone

صفت‌ها

風邪っぽい (Kazeppoi) - Cold-like

ひきやすい (Hikiyasui) - Easy to catch

مرتبط

熱 (Netsu) - Fever

咳 (Seki) - Cough

鼻水 (Hanamizu) - Runny nose

うがい (Ugai) - Gargling

マスク (Masuku) - Mask

برای دیدن همه مثال‌ها رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

نحوه استفاده

frequency

Extremely high, especially from November to March.

اشتباهات رایج

Using 'tsukamaeru' for 'catch'. → 風邪をひく (kaze o hiku)
Japanese uses 'pull' (hiku) rather than 'capture' (tsukamaeru) for illnesses.
Using the particle 'ni' instead of 'o'. → 風邪をひく (kaze o hiku)
Colds are treated as the object of 'hiku', so 'o' is the correct particle.
Saying 'kaze o motte iru' for 'I have a cold'. → 風邪をひいています (kaze o hiite imasu)
Japanese describes the state of having caught the cold, not 'holding' it.
Using 'hiku' for the flu. → インフルエンザにかかる (infuruenza ni kakaru)
The verb 'hiku' is reserved for 'kaze'. Other illnesses use 'kakaru'.
Confusing 'kaze' (cold) with 'kaze' (wind) in writing. → 風邪 (Kaze - Cold)
Always include the 'evil' (邪) kanji for the illness.

نکات

Verb Stem Usage

To say 'easy to catch a cold,' attach '-yasui' to the verb stem: 'kaze o hiki-yasui'. This is very useful for describing your health history.

Traditional Remedies

If you tell a Japanese person you caught a cold, they might suggest 'shōga-yu' (ginger tea) or 'negi' (green onions). These are classic home remedies.

The Kanji for Hiku

While 'hiku' is often in hiragana, knowing the kanji '引く' helps you understand the concept of 'pulling' the illness into your body.

Sympathy Phrases

Always follow up someone's report of a cold with 'O-daiji ni.' It's the essential social lubricant for health-related conversations.

Don't 'Catch' the Flu

Remember to switch verbs for the flu. It's 'infuruenza ni kakaru,' never 'infuruenza o hiku.' This is a common B1-level distinction.

Pitch Accent

In 'kaze,' the 'ze' is slightly higher than the 'ka.' Practicing this makes you sound much more like a native speaker.

Kaze vs. Kaze

In a text or email, make sure you use '風邪' for cold. If you use '風,' it just means 'wind' and might look like a typo.

Contextual Clues

If you hear 'hiku' after 'kaze,' it's almost certainly about health. If you hear 'fuku' (blow), it's about the weather.

Regret Form

Using 'hiite shimatta' adds a layer of 'oh no, I shouldn't have' which is very common in Japanese apologies for being sick.

Prevention

The phrase 'kaze o hikanai yō ni' is a standard sign-off in winter emails. It's like saying 'stay warm' or 'stay healthy'.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'Kaze' as a 'Crazy' wind, and 'Hiku' as 'Hitchhiking.' You hitchhiked with a crazy wind and caught a cold.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine someone physically pulling a dark, swirling wind (the cold) toward their chest with a rope.

شبکه واژگان

Kaze Hiku Netsu Seki Medicine Rest Winter Mask

چالش

Try to use 'kaze o hiita' in a sentence explaining why you can't go to a party, then use 'kaze o hikanai yō ni' to warn a friend.

ریشه کلمه

Derived from the Chinese concept of 'Feng Xie' (風邪), which entered Japan along with traditional medicine. The term refers to 'pathogenic wind' that disrupts the body's balance.

معنای اصلی: An evil wind or wicked energy that invades the body and causes illness.

Sino-Japanese (Kango) for the noun, Native Japanese (Yamato Kotoba) for the verb.

بافت فرهنگی

Be careful when using 'Baka wa kaze o hikanai' as it can be taken as an insult if the person doesn't realize you are joking.

In English, we 'catch' a cold like a ball. In Japanese, you 'pull' it like a lever. This reflects a different metaphorical understanding of how illness interacts with the person.

The proverb 'Baka wa kaze o hikanai' appears in countless anime and manga. Standard scene in J-Dramas where a character catches a cold after standing in the rain. Advertisements for 'Lulu' or 'Pabron' cold medicines are iconic in Japan.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

At the Office

風邪をひいたので休みます。
風邪をひいてしまい、ご迷惑をおかけします。
風邪をひかないように気をつけてください。
風邪気味なので早退します。

At the Doctor

いつ風邪をひきましたか？
ひどい風邪をひいていますね。
ただの風邪でしょう。
風邪をひいた後の咳が止まりません。

At Home

風邪をひいたから寝るね。
風邪をひかないように暖かくして。
お父さんが風邪をひいたみたい。
風邪をひいた時はお粥だよ。

In Winter/Seasonal Changes

最近風邪をひく人が多い。
冬は風邪をひきやすい季節だ。
風邪をひかない秘訣は何？
急に寒くなって風邪をひいた。

Daily Small Talk

風邪をひいて大変だったね。
風邪をひかないのが一番だ。
珍しく風邪をひいたんだって？
風邪をひきかけている気がする。

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"最近、風邪をひいている人が多いですが、大丈夫ですか？ (Many people have colds lately, are you okay?)"

"風邪をひいた時、いつも何を食べていますか？ (What do you usually eat when you catch a cold?)"

"風邪をひかないために、何か特別なことをしていますか？ (Do you do anything special to avoid catching a cold?)"

"最後に風邪をひいたのはいつですか？ (When was the last time you caught a cold?)"

"風邪をひいた時、病院に行きますか？それとも家で寝ていますか？ (When you catch a cold, do you go to the hospital or sleep at home?)"

موضوعات نگارش

昨日から少し喉が痛くて、風邪をひいたかもしれません。今日は早く寝ることにします。 (My throat has been hurting a bit since yesterday, and I might have caught a cold. I'll go to bed early today.)

日本の冬は乾燥しているので、とても風邪をひきやすいです。加湿器を買いました。 (Japanese winters are dry, so it's very easy to catch a cold. I bought a humidifier.)

ひどい風邪をひいて一週間も会社を休みました。健康の大切さを実感しました。 (I caught a terrible cold and was absent from work for a week. I realized the importance of health.)

子供が学校で風邪をひいて帰ってきました。家族全員にうつらないか心配です。 (My child came home from school after catching a cold. I'm worried it will spread to the whole family.)

風邪をひかないために、毎日緑茶を飲んでうがいをしています。効果があるといいです。 (To avoid catching a cold, I drink green tea and gargle every day. I hope it's effective.)

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

No, 'toru' (to take) is not used for catching a cold in Japanese. You must use 'hiku' (to pull). Using 'toru' would sound like you are physically picking up a cold.

It comes from ancient medicine where illness was seen as 'wicked wind' entering the body. The kanji reflects this historical belief.

Yes, this is very common. It describes the state of currently having a cold, whereas 'hiita' can just mean the moment you caught it.

You can use 'kazegimi' (風邪気味). For example, 'Kyō wa kazegimi desu' means 'I have a touch of a cold today'.

In Japanese, 'kaze' is the common cold and 'infuruenza' is the flu. They use different verbs: 'kaze o hiku' vs. 'infuruenza ni kakaru'.

Usually no. Allergies like hay fever are called 'kafunshō'. If you say 'kaze', people assume it's a virus.

It means 'summer cold.' There is a saying that 'summer colds are caught by fools' because it's harder to get sick in warm weather.

You can say 'Kaze o hiite shimai, honjitsu wa o-yasumi sasete itadakimasu' (I unfortunately caught a cold, so I will be taking today off).

It is a social etiquette to prevent spreading the germs to others. It is seen as polite and responsible.

The most common and polite response is 'O-daiji ni' (Take care of yourself).

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