常備薬 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- 常備薬 refers to common medicines kept at home or carried for emergencies, primarily used for minor health issues like headaches or colds.
- The word is composed of kanji meaning 'always' (常), 'prepared' (備), and 'medicine' (薬), emphasizing readiness.
- It is a cultural staple in Japan, tied to disaster preparedness and the historic 'okigusuri' door-to-door medicine system.
- Unlike prescription drugs, these are typically over-the-counter items like painkillers, digestive aids, and cold remedies.
The Japanese word 常備薬 (じょうびやく - jōbiyaku) is a compound noun that translates most accurately to 'household medicines' or 'medicine kept on hand.' To understand its full weight in a Japanese context, we must dissect the three kanji that form it. The first character, 常 (jō), signifies 'always,' 'ordinary,' or 'regular.' The second, 備 (bi), translates to 'provision,' 'preparation,' or 'equipment.' Finally, 薬 (yaku) means 'medicine.' Combined, the word literally refers to medicine that is prepared and kept constantly for ordinary use. This isn't just a clinical term; it's a fundamental part of Japanese domestic life and disaster preparedness culture.
- Domestic Context
- In a typical Japanese home, the jōbiyaku are the contents of the 救急箱 (kyūkyūbako) or first-aid kit. This includes over-the-counter (OTC) pain relievers like Bufferin or Loxonin, digestive aids, and cold medicines. It represents a proactive approach to health where minor ailments are treated immediately at home before they escalate.
地震に備えて、非常用持ち出し袋の中にいくつかの常備薬を入れておきました。(In preparation for an earthquake, I put some household medicines in my emergency grab-bag.)
Historically, the concept is deeply rooted in the 'Toyama no Okigusuri' (Medicine from Toyama) tradition. Starting in the Edo period, salesmen from Toyama would travel door-to-door across Japan, leaving a box of medicine at each house. The family could use the medicine as needed, and the salesman would return later to collect payment only for what had been consumed. This 'use first, pay later' (先用後利 - sen'yō kōri) system cemented the idea of having a 'jōbiyaku' box in every household as a social safety net. Today, while the door-to-door salesmen are fewer, the cultural expectation of being self-sufficient for minor health issues remains strong.
- Professional Usage
- In corporate or school settings, the term refers to the standard stock of medications kept in the infirmary or a designated cabinet. Staff are expected to know where the jōbiyaku are located in case a colleague or student feels unwell during the day.
会社の救急箱には、頭痛薬や胃薬などの常備薬が入っています。(The company's first-aid kit contains common medicines such as headache pills and stomach medicine.)
The word also appears frequently in travel checklists. Whether it's a short domestic trip or a long-term relocation abroad, 'jōbiyaku' is the catch-all term for the pills and ointments you pack 'just in case.' This includes motion sickness pills (酔い止め), bandages, and perhaps some disinfectant. It implies a sense of responsibility for one's own well-being. Using the word suggests you are prepared for the unpredictable nature of daily health.
- Linguistic Nuance
- Unlike 'prescription medicine' (処方薬 - shohōyaku), jōbiyaku are almost always non-prescription. However, if a person has a chronic condition, their 'regularly taken medicine' (常用薬 - jōyōyaku) might be colloquially included in their personal 'jōbiyaku' list when packing for a trip, though technically the terms differ in medical precision.
海外旅行の際は、使い慣れた常備薬を持参することをお勧めします。(When traveling abroad, we recommend bringing the household medicines you are used to using.)
Using 常備薬 (jōbiyaku) effectively requires understanding its role as a noun that describes a category of objects rather than a specific chemical. It is most commonly used with verbs like 'to prepare' (備える), 'to bring' (持参する/持っていく), or 'to check' (点検する). Because it relates to health and safety, the sentences often carry a tone of prudence or advice.
- Scenario: Disaster Preparedness
- In Japan, natural disasters are a constant concern. Therefore, 'jōbiyaku' is a keyword in any 'bousai' (disaster prevention) discussion. You might say, '災害時に備えて、最低限の常備薬を揃えておくべきだ' (You should prepare a minimum set of household medicines in case of a disaster).
避難袋の中の常備薬の使用期限をチェックしました。(I checked the expiration dates of the household medicines in my evacuation bag.)
The verb 揃える (soroeru - to gather/to complete a set) is frequently paired with jōbiyaku. This implies that a household medicine kit is not just one thing, but a collection of various necessities like painkillers, band-aids, and digestive medicine. Another common verb is 欠かす (kakasu - to miss/to be without). A sentence like '我が家では胃薬を常備薬として欠かさない' means 'In our house, we are never without stomach medicine as part of our household supply.'
- Scenario: Travel and Mobility
- When talking about travel, jōbiyaku is used to describe the small pouch of medicine one carries. '旅行鞄に常備薬を忍ばせておく' (To tuck some household medicines into one's travel bag) sounds natural and suggests a discreet but careful preparation.
万が一のために、いつも持ち歩くカバンに少量の常備薬を入れています。(Just in case, I keep a small amount of common medicine in the bag I always carry with me.)
In a more formal or medical context, a doctor might ask, '何か常備薬はありますか？' (Do you have any medicines you keep/take regularly?). While this can overlap with 'jōyōyaku' (medicine taken daily for a condition), in a general inquiry, it refers to any medication the patient uses frequently enough to be considered a 'staple' in their life. It's important to be specific in your answer if you are taking prescription drugs versus just having aspirin in your drawer.
- Scenario: Household Management
- Parents often discuss jōbiyaku in the context of child-rearing. '子供用の常備薬を買い足す' (To buy more household medicine for children) is a common task. Here, 'kaitasu' (to buy more/replenish) is the key verb.
引越しを機に、古くなった常備薬をすべて新しく買い換えました。(Taking the opportunity of moving, I replaced all the old household medicines with new ones.)
Finally, consider the nuance of 'jōbi' (常備) as a prefix. It can apply to other things like 'jōbishoku' (staple/stored food). Understanding that 'jōbiyaku' is medicine kept 'jōbi' (always ready) helps you use it in various formal and informal structures. Whether you are writing a blog post about 'travel essentials' or filling out a medical questionnaire, this word is your go-to for 'the medicines I keep on hand.'
You will encounter 常備薬 (jōbiyaku) in a variety of real-world Japanese settings, ranging from the mundane aisles of a drugstore to high-stakes emergency drills. Understanding these contexts will help you recognize the word's cultural weight.
- 1. At the Drugstore (ドラッグストア)
- When you walk into a store like Matsumoto Kiyoshi or Welcia, you might see signs or pamphlets saying '常備薬の準備はお済みですか？' (Have you finished preparing your household medicines?). This is especially common before long holidays like Golden Week or New Year's, when clinics are closed and people need to rely on their home supplies.
ドラッグストアのチラシに「冬の常備薬セール」と書いてありました。(The drugstore flyer said 'Winter Household Medicine Sale.')
Pharmacists often use the term when advising customers. They might say, 'これは常備薬として持っておくと便利ですよ' (This is convenient to have as a household medicine). Here, they are suggesting that the product is versatile and has a long shelf life, making it suitable for occasional use over a long period.
- 2. Workplace and School Orientations
- During a new employee orientation or a school's health briefing, the 'hokenshitsu' (nurse's office) staff will mention the jōbiyaku. They explain where the first-aid kit is located and what kind of common medicines are available for staff and students. This is a matter of workplace safety and compliance.
新入社員研修で、オフィスの常備薬の保管場所を教わりました。(During the new employee training, I was taught where the office's household medicines are stored.)
In television programs, particularly variety shows or news segments about disaster preparedness, 'jōbiyaku' is a frequent topic. Experts will show their 'emergency bags' and list the essential jōbiyaku everyone should have: pain relievers, anti-diarrheals, and cold medicine. The word is used to emphasize self-reliance in the face of infrastructure failure.
- 3. Travel Agency Checklists
- If you book a tour or look at a travel blog, '常備薬' will almost always be on the 'What to Pack' (持ち物リスト) list. For international travel, the emphasis is on '使い慣れた' (those you are used to), because foreign medicines might be too strong or contain allergens.
旅行のしおりには、「常備薬、健康保険証、パスポート」と書かれていた。(The travel brochure said, 'Household medicines, health insurance card, passport.')
Finally, in literature or drama, a character might check their 'jōbiyaku' box to find it empty, symbolizing a lack of preparation or a state of neglect. Or, a mother might carefully pack a 'jōbiyaku' pouch for her child leaving home for university, which serves as a symbol of maternal care and the transition to independent health management.
While 常備薬 (jōbiyaku) seems straightforward, there are several nuanced mistakes that learners (and sometimes native speakers) make. These usually involve confusing it with other types of medication or using it in contexts where a different word is more appropriate.
- 1. Confusion with 常用薬 (Jōyōyaku)
- This is the most frequent error. Jōbiyaku refers to medicine kept 'just in case' (prepared for the ordinary). Jōyōyaku (常用薬) refers to medicine that is 'regularly used' (daily medication for chronic conditions like high blood pressure or diabetes). If you tell a doctor your insulin is a 'jōbiyaku,' it sounds like you only take it when you feel like it, which is medically incorrect.
❌ 毎朝飲んでいる血圧の薬は私の常備薬です。
✅ 毎朝飲んでいる血圧の薬は私の常用薬です。
(The blood pressure medicine I take every morning is my regular medication.)
Another common mistake is assuming 'jōbiyaku' includes all first-aid supplies. While people often say 'jōbiyaku' to refer to the contents of a first-aid kit, technically, bandages (絆創膏 - bansōkō), thermometers (体温計 - taionkei), and gauze are not 'yaku' (medicine). The correct collective term for the whole kit is 救急用品 (kyūkyū yōhin - emergency supplies).
- 2. Misunderstanding the Formality of 'Jōbi'
- Sometimes learners use 'jōbiyaku' for very specific, rare medicines. Jōbiyaku implies 'common' or 'standard' medicine. If you have a highly specialized medicine for a rare allergy that you only use once every five years, calling it a 'jōbiyaku' might be technically correct (it's kept on hand), but it lacks the 'ordinary/common' nuance of the word. In that case, 'tokubetsu na kusuri' (special medicine) is better.
❌ この珍しい毒消しは私の常備薬です。
✅ この珍しい毒消しは念のため備えている薬です。
(This rare antidote is a medicine I keep just in case.)
A third mistake is grammatical placement. 'Jōbiyaku' is a noun. You cannot say '常備薬する' (to household-medicine). You must use a verb like '常備する' (to keep on hand) or '常備薬として持っておく' (to keep as a household medicine). The 'yaku' (medicine) part is the object, not the action.
- 4. Over-reliance on the term for Prescription Meds
- While you can keep prescription meds at home, they are usually called 処方薬 (shohōyaku). Calling them jōbiyaku can confuse a pharmacist or doctor because they might assume the medicine was bought OTC without a professional diagnosis.
病院でもらった薬は、常備薬とは言わず「処方された薬」と言いましょう。(Let's call medicine from the hospital 'prescribed medicine' rather than 'jōbiyaku.')
To truly master 常備薬 (jōbiyaku), you must see how it sits within the ecosystem of Japanese medical vocabulary. Several words overlap in meaning, but each has a specific 'territory' of usage.
- 常備薬 (Jōbiyaku) vs. 市販薬 (Shihanyaku)
- 常備薬 emphasizes the state of being kept at home for preparation. 市販薬 (shihanyaku) refers to the source—it means 'over-the-counter medicine' sold on the market. Most jōbiyaku are shihanyaku, but not all shihanyaku become jōbiyaku until you buy them and put them in your cabinet.
「この市販薬を、いざという時のための常備薬にしよう。」(Let's make this OTC medicine our household medicine for when the time comes.)
Another important comparison is with 置き薬 (Okigusuri). As mentioned before, this specifically refers to the traditional 'leave-and-pay-later' medicine box system. While a jōbiyaku can be an okigusuri, 'jōbiyaku' is the modern, general term, whereas 'okigusuri' carries a historical and specific business-model nuance.
- 常備薬 (Jōbiyaku) vs. 常用薬 (Jōyōyaku)
- As discussed in the Common Mistakes section, 常用薬 is medicine you use all the time (daily), while 常備薬 is medicine you keep ready all the time (to be used when needed).
彼は持病のための常用薬の他に、風邪薬などの常備薬も持ち歩いている。(In addition to the regular medication for his chronic illness, he also carries household medicines like cold medicine.)
Then there is 救急薬 (Kyūkyūyaku). This specifically means 'emergency medicine.' While similar, kyūkyūyaku often implies more urgent, life-saving medications (like an EpiPen or nitroglycerin), whereas jōbiyaku covers more mundane things like headache pills. Jōbiyaku is about 'household readiness,' while kyūkyūyaku is about 'emergency response.'
- 家庭薬 (Kateiyaku)
- This is an older, slightly more formal term for 'family medicine.' You might see this on the labels of very traditional Japanese medicines (like Seirogan). It is almost synonymous with jōbiyaku but feels more 'traditional' and less 'preparedness-focused.'
昔ながらの家庭薬は、今でも多くの家の常備薬として愛されている。(Traditional family medicines are still loved as household medicines in many homes today.)
چقدر رسمی است؟
نکته جالب
The tradition of 'Okigusuri' from Toyama, which popularized the concept of jōbiyaku, is so famous that Toyama is still known as the 'Medicine City' of Japan.
راهنمای تلفظ
- Pronouncing 'jo' too short (should be jō).
- Over-emphasizing the final 'u' sound.
- Confusing the pitch accent with 'jōyōyaku'.
- Pronouncing 'bi' as 'bee' with too much tension.
- Stopping between 'jōbi' and 'yaku' (it should flow as one word).
سطح دشواری
The kanji are common but require B1 level knowledge to read 'bi' and 'yaku' correctly in combination.
Writing 'bi' (備) and 'yaku' (薬) can be tricky due to the number of strokes.
The pronunciation is straightforward once the long 'jō' is mastered.
Easily recognizable in health and travel contexts.
بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟
پیشنیازها
بعداً یاد بگیرید
پیشرفته
گرامر لازم
Noun + として (As a...)
胃薬を常備薬として持っている。
Verb-te + oku (Doing in advance)
常備薬を準備しておく。
Noun + 用 (For use by/for...)
子供用の常備薬。
Noun + 向き (Suited for...)
家庭向きの常備薬。
Potential Form + ように (So that...)
いつでも使えるように常備薬を置く。
مثالها بر اساس سطح
これは私の常備薬です。
This is my household medicine.
Simple A is B structure using 'desu'.
家に常備薬がありますか？
Do you have household medicine at home?
Question form using 'arimasu ka'.
カバンの中に常備薬を入れます。
I put household medicine in my bag.
Object marker 'o' with the verb 'iremasu'.
常備薬を買いに行きます。
I am going to buy household medicine.
Verb stem + 'ni ikimasu' (purpose of movement).
これはいい常備薬です。
This is a good household medicine.
Adjective 'ii' modifying the noun 'jōbiyaku'.
旅行に常備薬を持ってきました。
I brought household medicine for the trip.
Past tense 'motte kimashita'.
常備薬はどこですか？
Where is the household medicine?
Asking for location using 'doko desu ka'.
お母さんは常備薬をくれました。
My mother gave me household medicine.
Using 'kuremashita' (someone gave to me).
風邪をひいた時のために、常備薬を買っておきます。
I will buy household medicine for when I catch a cold.
'-te okimasu' (doing something in advance).
この箱にはいろいろな常備薬が入っています。
Various household medicines are in this box.
State of being using 'haitte imasu'.
キャンプに行くので、常備薬を準備しました。
Since I'm going camping, I prepared household medicines.
Reasoning with 'node'.
常備薬がないと、ちょっと不安です。
I feel a bit anxious if I don't have household medicine.
Conditional 'to' followed by an emotion.
使い慣れた常備薬を持っていくのが一番です。
It's best to take the household medicines you are used to.
Noun phrase + 'no ga ichiban desu' (is the best).
救急箱の中に常備薬を片付けました。
I tidied up the household medicines in the first aid kit.
Action directed into a space using 'ni'.
常備薬の使用期限を確認してください。
Please check the expiration date of the household medicines.
Polite request using '-te kudasai'.
新しい常備薬をドラッグストアで探しています。
I am looking for new household medicine at the drugstore.
Present progressive '-te imasu'.
海外へ行く際は、現地の薬が合わないこともあるので常備薬を持参しましょう。
When going abroad, since local medicine might not suit you, let's bring household medicine.
Using 'sai wa' (formal 'when') and 'jisanshishō' (volitional).
一人暮らしを始める息子に、一通りの常備薬を持たせました。
I had my son, who is starting to live alone, take a full set of household medicines.
Causative form 'motaseta' (made/let someone take).
災害時の非常用持ち出し袋には、常備薬を忘れずに入れておきましょう。
Don't forget to put household medicines in your emergency grab-bag for disasters.
Negative request 'wasurezu ni' (without forgetting).
彼は胃が弱いので、いつも胃薬を常備薬として持ち歩いています。
Because he has a weak stomach, he always carries stomach medicine as his staple medicine.
'...toshite' (as a...).
常備薬を整理していたら、期限切れのものがたくさん見つかりました。
While I was organizing the household medicines, I found many that were expired.
Conditional '-tara' used for discovery.
会社の福利厚生の一環として、オフィスに常備薬が設置されています。
As part of the company's employee benefits, household medicines are placed in the office.
Passive form 'setchi sarete imasu'.
子供が小さいので、熱冷ましのシートや常備薬は欠かせません。
Since the children are small, cooling sheets and household medicines are indispensable.
'Kakasemasen' (cannot be without/indispensable).
ドラッグストアの薬剤師に、常備薬の選び方を相談しました。
I consulted with the pharmacist at the drugstore about how to choose household medicines.
Interrogative + 'kata' (way of doing).
適切な常備薬を揃えておくことは、セルフメディケーションの第一歩です。
Keeping an appropriate set of household medicines is the first step in self-medication.
Nominalizing a phrase with 'koto'.
万が一の事態に備え、自治体は避難所に十分な常備薬を確保しています。
In preparation for emergencies, the local government has secured sufficient household medicines at shelters.
Compound verb 'kakuho shite imasu' (securing/ensuring).
常備薬の成分を把握しておくことは、アレルギー事故を防ぐために重要です。
Understanding the ingredients of your household medicines is important for preventing allergy accidents.
'-te oku' (doing in advance) + 'koto' (nominalizer).
富山の売薬（おきぐすり）は、日本の常備薬文化の原点と言えるでしょう。
The Toyama medicine sellers (okigusuri) can be said to be the origin of Japan's household medicine culture.
'...to ieru deshō' (it can probably be said that...).
登山のような過酷な環境では、常備薬の選択が命取りになることもあります。
In harsh environments like mountain climbing, the choice of household medicines can be a matter of life or death.
'Inochitori ni naru' (becoming fatal).
最近では、オンラインで常備薬を補充できるサービスが普及しています。
Recently, services that allow you to replenish household medicines online have become widespread.
Relative clause modifying 'sābisu'.
常備薬を過信せず、症状が改善しない場合は速やかに医師の診察を受けるべきだ。
One should not over-rely on household medicines; if symptoms don't improve, you should promptly see a doctor.
'...beki da' (should/ought to) and negative conjunctive 'sezu'.
薬事法の改正により、一部の常備薬の販売ルールが変更されました。
Due to the revision of the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law, the sales rules for some household medicines have changed.
Passive voice 'henkō saremashita' and reason 'ni yori'.
高齢化社会において、常備薬の適切な管理は在宅医療の質を左右する大きな要因となる。
In an aging society, the proper management of household medicines is a major factor influencing the quality of home medical care.
Formal academic tone using 'to naru'.
都市直下型地震を想定した場合、家庭内における常備薬の備蓄は自助の要である。
Assuming an earthquake directly under the city, the stockpiling of household medicines at home is the cornerstone of self-help.
Formal structure '...wa ... no kaname de aru'.
常備薬と処方薬の飲み合わせによる副作用のリスクについて、啓発活動が必要だ。
Awareness activities are necessary regarding the risk of side effects caused by the combination of household medicines and prescription drugs.
Compound noun 'nomiawase' (drug interaction).
伝統的な常備薬の多くは和漢薬をベースとしており、現代でも根強い支持を得ている。
Many traditional household medicines are based on Japanese and Chinese herbal medicine and continue to receive strong support today.
'-te ori' (formal continuative form of '-te iru').
ドラッグストアチェーンの台頭は、消費者の常備薬に対する購買行動を劇的に変化させた。
The rise of drugstore chains has dramatically changed consumer purchasing behavior toward household medicines.
Causative-like structure using 'henka saseta'.
離島やへき地においては、常備薬の配置が医療格差を埋める一助となっている。
In remote islands and isolated areas, the placement of household medicines helps bridge the medical disparity.
'...no ichijo to natte iru' (is helping/is a contributing factor).
災害時のロジスティクスにおいて、常備薬の迅速な供給体制の構築は急務である。
In disaster logistics, establishing a system for the rapid supply of household medicines is an urgent task.
'Kyūmu de aru' (is an urgent matter).
常備薬のパッケージデザインは、誤飲を防ぐためのユニバーサルデザインが求められている。
Universal design is required for household medicine package designs to prevent accidental ingestion.
Passive form 'motomerarete iru'.
常備薬という概念は、単なる医療品を超え、日本人の「備え」の精神を象徴する文化遺産とも言える。
The concept of jōbiyaku goes beyond mere medical supplies and can be called a cultural heritage symbolizing the Japanese spirit of 'preparedness.'
Highly abstract and philosophical structure.
近年の薬機法改正に伴い、常備薬の定義と分類はより厳格な科学的根拠を求められるようになった。
With the recent revisions to the Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices Act, the definition and classification of household medicines have come to require stricter scientific evidence.
'...ni tomonai' (along with/following).
置き薬のシステムが育んだ相互扶助の精神は、現代の地域包括ケアシステムの構想にも通底している。
The spirit of mutual aid fostered by the okigusuri system underlies the modern vision of community-based integrated care systems.
'Tsūtei shite iru' (running through/underlying).
経済的視点から見れば、常備薬の普及は軽度な疾患の自己処理を促し、国の医療費抑制に寄与する。
From an economic perspective, the spread of household medicines encourages self-treatment of mild illnesses and contributes to the containment of national medical expenses.
'...ni kiyo suru' (contributes to).
デジタル化の波は常備薬の領域にも及び、在庫管理から使用期限の通知までがスマート化されつつある。
The wave of digitalization has reached the realm of household medicines, and everything from inventory management to expiration date notifications is being made 'smart.'
'-つつある' (in the process of).
常備薬の濫用や依存といった新たな社会問題に対し、多角的なアプローチによる対策が不可欠だ。
Against new social problems such as the abuse of and dependence on household medicines, measures using a multifaceted approach are indispensable.
Compound nouns and formal negative 'fukaketsu' (indispensable).
災害大国日本において、常備薬のストックは個人の生存戦略における不可欠なピースである。
In the disaster-prone nation of Japan, the stock of household medicines is an essential piece in an individual's survival strategy.
Metaphorical use of 'pīsu' (piece).
常備薬の歴史を紐解けば、それは日本の公衆衛生の向上の歴史そのものであることが分かる。
If you unravel the history of household medicines, you realize it is the very history of the improvement of public health in Japan.
'...o himotokeba' (if you unravel/look into history).
مترادفها
متضادها
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— Do you have any common medicine? Used when someone is feeling unwell.
頭が痛いのですが、何か常備薬はありますか？
— To take/bring household medicine. Standard for travel or outings.
修学旅行には常備薬を持っていってください。
— To run out of household medicine.
風邪薬の常備薬を切らしてしまった。
— To always keep household medicine on hand (slightly redundant but used).
うちは子供が多いので、解熱剤を常備薬として常備している。
— The stock/supply of household medicine.
常備薬のストックを確認する。
— Household medicine is necessary.
避難生活では常備薬が必要だ。
— To discreetly tuck medicine into one's bag.
デートの時、念のため常備薬を鞄に忍ばせておいた。
— To rely on household medicine.
軽い風邪なら常備薬に頼って休む。
— Household medicine that suits oneself.
自分に合った常備薬を見つける。
— To buy more/replenish household medicine.
絆創膏と常備薬を買い足しにドラッグストアへ行く。
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
Regular medicine for chronic illness vs. 'just-in-case' home medicine.
Prescription drugs vs. over-the-counter home medicine.
A specific distribution system vs. the general term for home medicine.
اصطلاحات و عبارات
— Someone or something that is always there when you need them, though not always flashy.
彼はチームにとって常備薬のような存在だ。
Metaphorical— To keep something (not just medicine) ready for any situation.
この知識を常備薬として置いておけば、いつか役に立つ。
Informal/Metaphorical— Acting like a staple medicine; being essential and reliable.
その辞書は彼のデスクに常備薬の如く置かれている。
Literary— A play on 'hotness forgotten once past the throat'—forgetting to restock medicine once the illness is gone.
喉元過ぎれば常備薬を忘れるで、また風邪をひいた時に困った。
Humorous/Proverbial variation— Something that comforts the mind or soul, like a favorite book or hobby.
私にとって音楽は心の常備薬です。
Poetic— The precaution of never being without staple medicines.
常備薬を欠かさぬ用心が、大病を防ぐ。
Formal/Didactic— To sleep soundly knowing you are fully prepared with medicines.
常備薬を揃えて枕を高くして寝ることにした。
Idiomatic— Metaphorically checking one's resources or skills.
年末なので、自分のスキルの常備薬の棚卸しをする。
Business/Metaphorical— To be stingy about buying basic medicines, leading to worse problems.
常備薬をケチって病院代が高くついた。
Colloquial— Common sense or basic knowledge used to handle life's minor issues.
常備薬の知恵があれば、パニックにならずに済む。
Informalبهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Both start with 'Jō' and relate to medicine.
Jōyōyaku is medicine you take daily for a specific condition. Jōbiyaku is medicine you keep ready for occasional needs. Confusing them can lead to medical misunderstandings.
血圧の薬は常用薬ですが、風邪薬は常備薬です。
Both are kept in the first-aid kit.
Kyūkyū yōhin includes non-medicine items like bandages, scissors, and thermometers. Jōbiyaku refers specifically to the medicinal products.
救急箱には常備薬と救急用品が入っている。
Most jōbiyaku are bought as shihanyaku.
Shihanyaku is a commercial category (OTC drugs). Jōbiyaku is a functional category (how you use/keep them). A medicine is a shihanyaku at the store, but becomes a jōbiyaku in your cabinet.
この市販薬を常備薬として買っておこう。
Both involve bringing medicine.
Jisanyaku is a hospital term for 'medicines brought by the patient' upon admission. Jōbiyaku is a general term for home stock.
入院時に持参薬を看護師に預けた。
Related to the okigusuri system.
Haichiyaku is the legal/business term for medicine placed in homes by companies. Jōbiyaku is the everyday word for the medicine itself.
配置薬の業者が常備薬の補充に来た。
الگوهای جملهسازی
[Item] は 常備薬 です。
これは常備薬です。
[Place] に 常備薬 が あります。
カバンの中に常備薬があります。
[Purpose] のために 常備薬 を [Verb-te] おく。
旅行のために常備薬を準備しておく。
[Noun] を 常備薬 として [Verb]。
頭痛薬を常備薬として持ち歩く。
常備薬 の [Property] を [Verb] ことは 重要だ。
常備薬の期限を確認することは重要だ。
常備薬 の [Noun] は [Societal Trend] に 寄与する。
常備薬の普及は医療費の削減に寄与する。
常備薬 という [Concept] は [Historical/Cultural Context] に 根ざしている。
常備薬という概念は江戸時代の売薬制度に根ざしている。
常備薬 を [Negative-zu] に [Verb]。
常備薬を忘れずに入れてください。
خانواده کلمه
اسمها
فعلها
صفتها
مرتبط
نحوه استفاده
Common in daily life, especially during seasonal changes or travel seasons.
-
Using 常備薬 for daily prescription meds.
→
常用薬 (Jōyōyaku)
Jōbiyaku is for preparation/standby. Jōyōyaku is for regular, daily use. If you take it every day for a disease, it's not a 'standby' medicine.
-
Saying '常備薬する'.
→
常備薬を準備する / 常備する
常備薬 is a noun, not a suru-verb. You can use '常備する' (to keep on hand) or '常備薬を[verb]'.
-
Including only bandages in '常備薬'.
→
救急用品 (Kyūkyū yōhin)
Jōbiyaku specifically refers to 'medicine' (薬). Bandages and thermometers are 'supplies' (用品).
-
Confusing '常備薬' with '特効薬'.
→
常備薬 (for general use) vs. 特効薬 (for a specific cure)
A jōbiyaku is usually a general-purpose medicine. A 'tokkōyaku' is a miracle drug or a very specific cure for a disease.
-
Assuming all 'jōbiyaku' are the same brand.
→
常備薬の種類 (Types of jōbiyaku)
Jōbiyaku is a category. Every house has different types. You should specify '風邪の常備薬' or '胃の常備薬'.
نکات
The 'Okigusuri' Box
If you live in a rural area or an older neighborhood, you might still see the 'Okigusuri' boxes. These are the physical embodiment of the jōbiyaku concept. Even if you don't use the service, understanding its history helps you appreciate the Japanese trust in having medicine ready at home.
Travel Pouch
Always keep a small 'jōbiyaku pouch' in your travel bag. Include at least: a painkiller, a digestive aid, and a few band-aids. In Japan, drugstores are everywhere, but finding one open at 3 AM in a remote hot spring town (onsen) can be impossible.
Kanji Breakdown
Remember the kanji: 常 (Ordinary) + 備 (Preparation) + 薬 (Medicine). This literal breakdown is the easiest way to never forget the meaning. It's 'Ordinary Preparation Medicine.' Use this to distinguish it from 常用薬 (Ordinary Use Medicine).
Check Expiration Dates
Japanese medicine packages use the 'Year/Month/Day' format or just 'Year/Month.' Make sure you know how to read the dates. '2025.12' means it's good until the end of December 2025. Expired jōbiyaku is a common household 'fail' in Japan.
Drugstore Sales
Drugstores often have sales on jōbiyaku before major holidays or at the start of winter. Look for the kanji '常備薬' on flyers to save money on staples like cold medicine and patches (shippu).
Helping Friends
Asking '常備薬、何か持ってる？' (Do you have any common medicine?) is a polite way to offer help. If you have some, you can say 'これ、いつも使ってる常備薬だけど、使う？' (This is the medicine I always keep, want to use it?).
Noun Usage
常備薬 is a noun. To use it as an action, you must use a verb. '常備薬を準備する' (to prepare...) or '常備薬を飲む' (to take...). You cannot say '常備薬する'.
Clinic Closures
In Japan, many clinics close on Thursday afternoons, Sundays, and public holidays. This is why having 'jōbiyaku' is so emphasized; it bridges the gap when professional medical help is not immediately available for minor issues.
Emergency Bag
When preparing your 'bousai' bag, don't just put medicine in it. Put it in a waterproof 'jōbiyaku' pouch. If your bag gets wet during an evacuation, your medicine will stay dry and usable.
Kampo as Jōbiyaku
Many Japanese people keep 'Kakkonto' (a herbal cold remedy) as a jōbiyaku. It's often taken at the very first sign of a chill. Learning about these common jōbiyaku will give you great insight into Japanese health beliefs.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Think of 'JO' as 'Always' (Ordinary), 'BI' as 'Be Ready', and 'YAKU' as 'Medicine'. JO-BI-YAKU = Always Be ready with Medicine.
تداعی تصویری
Imagine a white first-aid kit with the kanji 常備薬 written on it, sitting on a shelf next to a calendar (representing 'always').
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Go to your own medicine cabinet and label it '常備薬'. Every time you open it, say the word out loud three times.
ریشه کلمه
The word is a Sinitic (Sino-Japanese) compound. '常' (always) + '備' (provision) + '薬' (medicine). It gained prominence in the Edo period with the rise of organized pharmaceutical distribution.
معنای اصلی: Medicine that is always prepared and available for use.
Japonic (Sino-Japanese vocabulary)بافت فرهنگی
Always clarify if you are talking about jōbiyaku (OTC) or jōyōyaku (prescription) in a medical setting to avoid dangerous drug interactions.
In English, we usually say 'first-aid kit' or 'medicine cabinet contents,' but we don't have a single specific word that perfectly captures the 'kept on hand' aspect of 'jōbiyaku.'
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
At home
- 常備薬は救急箱の中だ。
- 常備薬の期限をチェックする。
- 新しい常備薬を買う。
- 常備薬を整理する。
Preparing for travel
- 常備薬をパッキングする。
- 使い慣れた常備薬がいい。
- 常備薬を忘れないで。
- 海外旅行用の常備薬。
At the office
- オフィスの常備薬はどこ？
- 常備薬を補充しておきます。
- 共用の常備薬を使う。
- 常備薬の管理担当。
Disaster preparation
- 非常用袋に常備薬を入れる。
- 最低3日分の常備薬。
- 避難所での常備薬。
- 災害用備蓄の常備薬。
At the drugstore
- 常備薬におすすめは？
- 常備薬として買っておく。
- 常備薬のコーナーはどこ？
- 家庭の常備薬セット。
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"旅行の時、どんな常備薬を持っていきますか？ (What kind of household medicines do you take when you travel?)"
"あなたの家には救急箱や常備薬がありますか？ (Do you have a first-aid kit or household medicines at your home?)"
"最近、常備薬の使用期限をチェックしましたか？ (Have you checked the expiration dates of your household medicines recently?)"
"おすすめの常備薬（胃薬や頭痛薬）はありますか？ (Do you have any recommended household medicines, like stomach or headache pills?)"
"日本の常備薬とあなたの国の薬、どちらが強いと思いますか？ (Which do you think is stronger, Japanese household medicines or medicines from your country?)"
موضوعات نگارش
今日、自分の家の常備薬を点検して、気づいたことを書いてください。 (Today, check your household medicines and write about what you noticed.)
もし無人島に一つだけ常備薬を持っていけるなら、何を選びますか？その理由は？ (If you could take only one household medicine to a deserted island, what would you choose and why?)
子供の頃、家にあった常備薬の思い出について書いてください。 (Write about your memories of the household medicines that were in your home when you were a child.)
海外旅行で常備薬が役に立った経験、またはなくて困った経験を書いてください。 (Write about an experience where household medicine was helpful during a trip abroad, or when you were in trouble because you didn't have any.)
自分にとって「心の常備薬」と言えるものは何ですか？ (What is something you would call 'household medicine for the soul'?)
سوالات متداول
10 سوالPainkillers (like Bufferin or Loxonin), cold medicine (like Pabulon), and stomach medicine (like Seirogan or Ohta's Isan) are the most common. Most households keep at least these three types. They are essential for handling the common cold or minor aches without needing a clinic visit immediately.
Generally, no. Jōbiyaku refers to over-the-counter (OTC) medicines. If you have prescription drugs left over, they are technically 'shohōyaku.' However, if you keep a specific prescription medicine on hand for recurring issues (with doctor's approval), you might colloquially call it your jōbiyaku, but be careful with this usage in medical contexts.
It is recommended to check them at least once a year. Many people do this during 'O-soji' (New Year's cleaning) or on 'Bousai no Hi' (Disaster Prevention Day, September 1st). Expired medicines can lose effectiveness or even become harmful, so checking the 'shiyō kigen' (expiration date) is crucial.
In a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight. In Japan, they are usually kept in a 'kyūkyūbako' (first-aid kit) in a specific drawer or a high shelf in the kitchen or living room, out of reach of children. Avoid humid areas like the bathroom, as Japan's humidity can degrade pills quickly.
While the term usually implies human medicine, pet owners might use the term 'petto-yō no jōbiyaku' for standard medicines they keep for their dogs or cats, such as flea treatment or basic digestive aids.
The concept is similar, but the specific items differ. For example, Japanese jōbiyaku often includes 'Kampo' (herbal medicine) and specific digestive aids that are very popular in Japan but less common in Western first-aid kits. Also, the cultural link to disaster preparedness is much stronger in Japan.
While common among friends (e.g., giving a friend a headache pill), pharmacists advise caution. Since you don't know the other person's allergies or current medications, it's safer for them to use their own '使い慣れた' (familiar) medicine. In formal settings like schools, staff are often restricted from giving jōbiyaku to students without parental consent.
In the 17th century, a lord of Toyama reportedly cured another lord with a special medicine. This led to the creation of the 'Okigusuri' system, where salesmen traveled the country. This business model made Toyama the national center for pharmaceutical production, a reputation it maintains today.
Yes, but there are strict rules. You can generally bring up to a one-month supply of OTC medicine without special paperwork. However, some ingredients common in Western cold medicines (like pseudoephedrine) are strictly controlled or banned in Japan. Always check the latest customs regulations.
You should dispose of them properly. In Japan, this usually means taking them out of the packaging and disposing of them as burnable waste (moeru gomi), though some municipalities have specific rules for liquid medicines. Do not flush them down the toilet as it can affect the water supply.
خودت رو بسنج 200 سوال
Write a sentence using '常備薬' and '旅行' (trip).
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a sentence about checking the expiration date of medicine.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a sentence about having medicine at home.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Explain the meaning of '常備薬' in Japanese.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a formal sentence about office medicine.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a sentence using '常備薬' and '災害' (disaster).
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a sentence using '常用薬' and '常備薬' to show the difference.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a sentence about buying more medicine.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a sentence about a mother giving medicine to a child.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a sentence using '使い慣れた' (familiar).
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Translate: 'Do you have any common medicine for a headache?'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Translate: 'I prepared a set of household medicines.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a sentence using '救急箱' (first-aid kit).
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a sentence about the history of Toyama medicine.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a sentence about organizing medicine.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a sentence about replenishing stock.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a sentence using '万が一' (just in case).
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a sentence using 'セルフメディケーション'.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a short dialogue (2 lines) about a headache.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a sentence about a child leaving home.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Read out loud: 常備薬 (じょうびやく)
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Read out loud: 旅行に常備薬を持っていきます。
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Read out loud: 常備薬の使用期限を確認してください。
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Explain in Japanese what 'jōbiyaku' is.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Answer the question: あなたの家にはどんな常備薬がありますか？
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Read out loud: 万が一のために常備薬を準備しておきましょう。
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Read out loud: 使い慣れた常備薬を持参するのが一番です。
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Read out loud: オフィスの常備薬はどこにありますか？
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Describe why someone should take jōbiyaku on a trip.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Read out loud: 常備薬を補充しなければなりません。
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Read out loud: 富山の売薬は日本の常備薬文化の歴史です。
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Read out loud: 常備薬の整理をしました。
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Read out loud: 何か常備薬はありますか？
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Explain the difference between jōbiyaku and jōyōyaku.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Read out loud: 常備薬を欠かさないようにしています。
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Read out loud: 子供用の常備薬を買いに行きます。
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Read out loud: 救急箱の常備薬を点検しましょう。
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Read out loud: これは私の心の常備薬です。
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Read out loud: 常備薬をカバンに忍ばせておきます。
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Read out loud: 常備薬一式を揃えました。
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Listen and identify the word: [jōbiyaku]
Listen and identify the meaning: [jōbiyaku]
Listen to the sentence and write the missing word: [Ryokō ni ___ o motte ikimasu.]
Listen to the sentence and write the missing word: [___ no shiyō kigen o chekku shimashita.]
Listen and decide if the statement is true: [A person is asking for jōbiyaku because they have a headache.]
Listen and choose the correct kanji: [jōbiyaku]
Listen to the dialogue: [A: Onaka ga itai. B: Jōbiyaku aru yo.] What does B have?
Listen and write: [常備薬を補充する]
Listen and translate: [Kore wa tsukainareta jōbiyaku desu.]
Listen and identify the number of syllables in [jō-bi-ya-ku].
Listen and write the phrase: [常備薬一式]
Listen and identify the context: [A pharmacist is talking about a sale.]
Listen and write: [常備薬の点検]
Listen and translate: [Man'gaichi no tame no jōbiyaku.]
Listen and write: [子供用常備薬]
/ 200 درست
نمره کامل!
Summary
常備薬 (jōbiyaku) is your 'just-in-case' medicine kit. Whether at home, in the office, or in your travel bag, it represents the proactive Japanese approach to managing minor health problems. Example: 旅行には必ず常備薬を持っていきます (I always take household medicines on trips).
- 常備薬 refers to common medicines kept at home or carried for emergencies, primarily used for minor health issues like headaches or colds.
- The word is composed of kanji meaning 'always' (常), 'prepared' (備), and 'medicine' (薬), emphasizing readiness.
- It is a cultural staple in Japan, tied to disaster preparedness and the historic 'okigusuri' door-to-door medicine system.
- Unlike prescription drugs, these are typically over-the-counter items like painkillers, digestive aids, and cold remedies.
The 'Okigusuri' Box
If you live in a rural area or an older neighborhood, you might still see the 'Okigusuri' boxes. These are the physical embodiment of the jōbiyaku concept. Even if you don't use the service, understanding its history helps you appreciate the Japanese trust in having medicine ready at home.
Travel Pouch
Always keep a small 'jōbiyaku pouch' in your travel bag. Include at least: a painkiller, a digestive aid, and a few band-aids. In Japan, drugstores are everywhere, but finding one open at 3 AM in a remote hot spring town (onsen) can be impossible.
Kanji Breakdown
Remember the kanji: 常 (Ordinary) + 備 (Preparation) + 薬 (Medicine). This literal breakdown is the easiest way to never forget the meaning. It's 'Ordinary Preparation Medicine.' Use this to distinguish it from 常用薬 (Ordinary Use Medicine).
Check Expiration Dates
Japanese medicine packages use the 'Year/Month/Day' format or just 'Year/Month.' Make sure you know how to read the dates. '2025.12' means it's good until the end of December 2025. Expired jōbiyaku is a common household 'fail' in Japan.
مثال
旅行に行くときは、必ず常備薬を持っていく。
محتوای مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر health
しばらく
B1برای مدتی، برای چند وقت.
異変がある
B1تغییر غیرعادی یا ناهنجاری وجود دارد. چیزی درست نیست. (وضعیت غیرطبیعی وجود دارد.)
異常な
B1غیرعادی؛ ناهنجار. چیزی را توصیف می کند که از حالت عادی خارج است.
擦り傷
B1یک خراشیدگی یا ساییدگی جزئی روی پوست. معمولاً در اثر مالیده شدن پوست به یک سطح زبر ایجاد میشود.
吸収する
B1اسفنج آب را جذب میکند.
禁酒
B1پرهیز از الکل. 'او برای سلامتی خود تصمیم به ترک الکل (kinshu) گرفت.'
痛む
A2to hurt; to ache
鍼灸
B1طب سوزنی و موکسیباسیون درمانهای سنتی ژاپنی برای بهبود سلامتی هستند.
急性的
B1به معنی 'حاد'. برای توصیف بیماری یا بحرانی که به طور ناگهانی و با شدت ظاهر میشود، استفاده میشود.
急性な
B1Acute
