圧力 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- Atsuryoku means 'pressure' in both physical (science) and metaphorical (social/political) contexts.
- Commonly used with the verb 'kakeru' (to apply) or 'ukeru' (to receive).
- Essential for discussing weather, physics, workplace dynamics, and international relations.
- Distinct from 'stress' (internal feeling) and 'kyōsei' (direct legal/physical compulsion).
The word 圧力 (Atsuryoku) is a fundamental Japanese noun that bridges the gap between the physical sciences and the complexities of human social interaction. At its core, it consists of two kanji: 圧 (atsu), meaning to press, overwhelm, or suppress, and 力 (ryoku), meaning power, force, or ability. Together, they literally translate to 'pressing force.' In a scientific context, 圧力 refers to the physical force exerted per unit area. This is what scientists measure when discussing atmospheric pressure (大気圧 - taikiatsu) or hydraulic pressure (水圧 - suiatsu). It is the invisible weight of the air around us or the force of water pushing against a submarine. However, for most Japanese learners, the metaphorical usage is even more prevalent. It describes the psychological, social, or political influence exerted by one party over another to force a specific outcome or behavior.
- Physical Pressure
- The literal force applied to an object, such as air in a tire or steam in a boiler.
- Social Pressure
- The influence of a group (peer pressure) or a superior to make someone conform.
- Political/Economic Pressure
- Sanctions, lobbying, or diplomatic maneuvering intended to change a nation's or company's policy.
台風が近づくと、大気圧力が下がります。(As the typhoon approaches, the atmospheric pressure drops.)
In daily life, you might hear this word in the context of 'pressure groups' (圧力団体 - atsuryoku dantai) or when someone feels 'pressured' to do something they don't want to do. Unlike the English word 'stress,' which often refers to the internal feeling of being overwhelmed, 圧力 usually focuses on the external force being applied. If your boss is demanding results, he is applying 圧力. If you feel nervous because of that demand, you are feeling プレッシャー (puresshā - the loanword). Understanding this distinction is key to sounding natural in Japanese.
親からの圧力で、彼は医者になった。(Under pressure from his parents, he became a doctor.)
この機械は高い圧力に耐えられる。(This machine can withstand high pressure.)
政府は他国からの外交的圧力を受けている。(The government is facing diplomatic pressure from other countries.)
圧力鍋を使うと、料理が早く終わる。(Using a pressure cooker makes cooking faster.)
- Etymology
- The kanji 圧 shows a cliff (厂) and a person (土/modified) being pressed down. 力 is a pictograph of a plow or a muscle, representing strength.
- Nuance
- It carries a sense of weight and inevitability. It is rarely used for 'gentle' encouragement.
Using 圧力 (Atsuryoku) correctly requires understanding its common verb pairings. It is almost never used in isolation. The most frequent verb is かける (kakeru), meaning 'to apply' or 'to put on.' When you want to say someone is pressuring you, you say '圧力をかける.' Conversely, if you are the one receiving the pressure, you use the passive form かけられる (kakerareru) or the verb 受ける (ukeru - to receive). For example, '上司から圧力を受けた' (I received pressure from my boss). Another critical verb is 屈する (kussuru), which means 'to yield' or 'to give in.' '圧力に屈しない' (Not yielding to pressure) is a common phrase used to describe someone with strong integrity or a stubborn government.
- Verb: かける (To apply)
- Used when an entity (person, group, force) actively exerts influence.
- Verb: 加わる (To be applied/added)
- Used when describing the state of pressure being present on an object or person.
- Verb: 強める (To strengthen)
- Used when increasing the level of pressure already being applied.
In technical settings, 圧力 is often combined with other nouns to create compound words. 圧力計 (atsuryokukei) is a pressure gauge, and 圧力損失 (atsuryoku sonshitsu) is pressure loss. In social settings, it appears in terms like 同調圧力 (dōchō atsuryoku), which refers to 'peer pressure' or the 'pressure to conform'—a very important concept in Japanese culture. If you are writing a formal report, using 圧力 instead of the katakana プレッシャー will make your writing sound more professional and objective. However, in a casual conversation about feeling nervous before a date, 圧力 would sound far too heavy and scientific; stick to プレッシャー there.
周囲の圧力に負けてはいけない。(You must not lose to the pressure of those around you.)
You will encounter 圧力 (Atsuryoku) in several distinct environments. First and foremost is the News and Politics. News anchors frequently report on 'international pressure' (国際的な圧力) regarding trade deals or human rights issues. You will hear about 'political pressure' (政治的圧力) being applied to committees or whistleblowers. In the Business World, it appears during negotiations. A larger company might apply 圧力 to a smaller supplier to lower their prices. This is often discussed in the context of 'unfair trade practices' (不公正な取引).
Secondly, you will hear it in Science and Engineering. If you watch a documentary about deep-sea exploration or space travel, the narrator will constantly refer to 'water pressure' (水圧) or 'atmospheric pressure' (気圧), both of which are types of 圧力. In a kitchen, the term 圧力鍋 (atsuryoku nabe)—pressure cooker—is a household staple. Thirdly, in Social Commentary, especially regarding Japanese society, the term 同調圧力 (dōchō atsuryoku) is used to explain why people follow unwritten rules, such as wearing certain clothes or not leaving the office before the boss. This 'peer pressure' is a frequent topic in podcasts, essays, and social media discussions about mental health and work-life balance.
マスコミの圧力で、その政治家は辞任した。(Due to pressure from the mass media, that politician resigned.)
The most common mistake for English speakers is using 圧力 (Atsuryoku) when they actually mean 'stress' or 'nervousness.' In English, we say 'I am under a lot of pressure at work.' If you translate this literally as '仕事で圧力を受けている,' it sounds like your boss or colleagues are actively and perhaps maliciously forcing you to do something. If you just mean that you have a lot of work and feel stressed, the loanword ストレス (sutoresu) or 忙しい (isogashii - busy) is much more appropriate. 圧力 implies an external agent *pushing* you.
Another mistake is confusing 圧力 with 重圧 (jūatsu). While they are similar, 重圧 refers to a 'heavy burden' or the psychological weight of responsibility. You feel 重圧 when you are the captain of a team in a final match. You feel 圧力 when the opposing team's defense is physically pushing into your space or when the coach is threatening to bench you if you don't score. Finally, be careful with the particle usage. It is '圧力をかける' (apply pressure) but '圧力に屈する' (yield to pressure). Using 'を' with '屈する' is a common grammatical error.
❌ 私は試験の圧力を感じている。
✅ 私は試験のプレッシャーを感じている。
(The first sounds like the exam paper is physically crushing you.)
Several words share semantic space with 圧力 (Atsuryoku), and choosing the right one depends on the context. プレッシャー (Puresshā) is the most common synonym in psychological contexts. It is used for the 'pressure' to perform well in sports, exams, or speeches. It is more about the internal feeling than the external force. 強制 (Kyōsei) means 'compulsion' or 'coercion.' It is stronger than 圧力; while 圧力 might be subtle or indirect, 強制 is a direct order that leaves no room for refusal.
威圧 (Iatsu) means 'overpowering' or 'intimidation.' It is often used to describe someone's aura or attitude (威圧的な態度 - an intimidating attitude). While 圧力 is the force, 威圧 is the feeling of being dominated by someone's presence. 気圧 (Kiatsu) is specifically 'atmospheric pressure.' You wouldn't use 圧力 to describe the weather unless you were talking about the physics of the air. Lastly, 重圧 (Jūatsu), as mentioned before, is the 'heavy weight' of expectation or responsibility. Think of 圧力 as a 'push' and 重圧 as a 'heavy load' sitting on your shoulders.
- 圧力 vs. 強制
- Pressure (influence) vs. Compulsion (no choice).
- 圧力 vs. プレッシャー
- External force vs. Internal feeling/mental state.
彼は威圧的な声で命令した。(He gave orders in an intimidating voice.)
چقدر رسمی است؟
سطح دشواری
گرامر لازم
Passive voice (~rareru) for receiving pressure.
Causative voice (~saseru) for making someone feel pressure.
Compound nouns (Noun + Atsuryoku).
Adverbial use (Atsuryoku-teki ni).
Conditional (~tara/ba) for consequences of pressure.
مثالها بر اساس سطح
これは圧力鍋です。
This is a pressure cooker.
Noun + です (Standard polite form).
空気の圧力はすごいです。
Air pressure is amazing.
Particle 'no' connects two nouns.
力と圧力は違います。
Force and pressure are different.
A to B wa chigaimasu (A and B are different).
水の中に圧力があります。
There is pressure in the water.
Place + ni + noun + ga arimasu.
強い圧力を感じます。
I feel strong pressure.
Adjective + noun + o kanjimasu.
圧力をかけないでください。
Please don't apply pressure.
~nai de kudasai (Please don't...).
タイヤの圧力をチェックします。
I will check the tire pressure.
Noun + o chekku shimasu.
山の上は圧力が低いです。
Pressure is low on top of the mountain.
Subject + wa + adjective (hikui - low).
親の圧力で勉強しました。
I studied due to pressure from my parents.
Noun + de (indicates cause/reason).
彼は私に圧力をかけました。
He put pressure on me.
Person + ni + noun + o kakeru.
大気の圧力を測ります。
We measure the atmospheric pressure.
Noun + o hakarimasu (to measure).
この箱は圧力に弱いです。
This box is weak against pressure.
Noun + ni yowai (weak against...).
圧力に負けないでください。
Please don't give in to the pressure.
Noun + ni makenai (don't lose to...).
もっと圧力を強めてください。
Please increase the pressure more.
Noun + o tsuyomeru (to strengthen).
社会の圧力を感じることがあります。
I sometimes feel the pressure of society.
Koto ga arimasu (There are times when...).
ガスに圧力を加えます。
Apply pressure to the gas.
Noun + o kuwaeru (to add/apply).
同調圧力に屈してはいけない。
You must not yield to peer pressure.
~te wa ikenai (must not).
政府は他国から外交的圧力を受けている。
The government is receiving diplomatic pressure from other countries.
Passive-like structure 'ukete iru'.
彼は周囲の圧力に耐えられなかった。
He couldn't withstand the pressure from those around him.
Potential form negative: taerarenai.
この素材は高い圧力にも耐えることができる。
This material can withstand even high pressure.
Dictionary form + koto ga dekiru.
上司が部下に不当な圧力をかけている。
The boss is putting unfair pressure on the subordinates.
Progressive form ~te iru.
政治的な圧力が働いた可能性がある。
There is a possibility that political pressure was at work.
Kanousei ga aru (There is a possibility).
圧力団体が新しい法律に反対している。
Pressure groups are opposing the new law.
Compound noun: Atsuryoku dantai.
仕事の圧力で体調を崩した。
I ruined my health due to work pressure.
Noun + de (cause) + result.
外部からの圧力を排除する必要がある。
It is necessary to eliminate external pressure.
Noun + o haijo suru (to exclude/eliminate).
その企業は市場の圧力にさらされている。
That company is exposed to market pressure.
~ni sarasareru (to be exposed to).
彼は圧力に屈することなく、真実を語った。
Without yielding to pressure, he told the truth.
Koto naku (without doing...).
深海では、凄まじい水圧が体にかかる。
In the deep sea, tremendous water pressure is applied to the body.
Adjective 'susumajii' (tremendous).
心理的な圧力を利用して、相手を説得する。
Use psychological pressure to persuade the other party.
~o riyou shite (using...).
選挙が近づくと、各方面からの圧力が増す。
As the election approaches, pressure from various quarters increases.
~to (whenever/as...).
圧力を分散させるための工夫が必要だ。
Ingenuity is needed to disperse the pressure.
Noun + o bunsan saseru (to disperse).
その法案は世論の圧力で廃案になった。
The bill was scrapped due to the pressure of public opinion.
Noun + de (cause) + passive result.
独裁政権は、武力による圧力を強めている。
The dictatorial regime is strengthening pressure through military force.
N + ni yoru (by means of).
無言の圧力が、彼女の自由を奪っていった。
Silent pressure gradually robbed her of her freedom.
~te iku (gradual change/action away).
経済的圧力を背景に、不平等な条約を結ばされた。
With economic pressure in the background, they were forced into an unequal treaty.
~o haikei ni (with ... as background).
科学者は、超高圧力を生成する実験に成功した。
Scientists succeeded in an experiment to generate ultra-high pressure.
Compound: Chou-kou-atsuryoku.
組織内の同調圧力は、個人の創造性を阻害する。
Peer pressure within an organization inhibits individual creativity.
Noun + o sogai suru (to inhibit).
彼は権力者からの執拗な圧力に抗い続けた。
He continued to resist the persistent pressure from those in power.
Verb stem + tsuzukeru (to continue doing).
インフレ圧力が強まり、中央銀行は利上げを検討している。
Inflationary pressure is strengthening, and the central bank is considering a rate hike.
Compound: Infure-atsuryoku.
この詩には、時代の閉塞感と圧力が表現されている。
This poem expresses the sense of entrapment and pressure of the era.
Passive: hyougen saretiru.
地政学的な圧力が、エネルギー政策の転換を余儀なくさせた。
Geopolitical pressure forced a shift in energy policy.
~o yoginaku saseta (forced/made inevitable).
深層心理における抑圧された圧力が、夢となって現れる。
Suppressed pressure in the deep psyche manifests as dreams.
N + ni okeru (in/at).
その交渉において、彼は静かな、しかし峻烈な圧力を放っていた。
In those negotiations, he exuded a quiet but severe pressure.
Adjective 'shunretsu' (severe/sharp).
物質が極限の圧力下に置かれた際の挙動を研究する。
Research the behavior of matter when placed under extreme pressure.
Noun + ka (under the condition of).
言論の自由に対する有形無形の圧力が増大している。
Tangible and intangible pressures on freedom of speech are increasing.
Yukei-mukei (tangible and intangible).
国際社会の圧力に抗する術を、その小国は模索していた。
The small nation was searching for a way to resist the pressure of the international community.
N + ni kou suru sube (way to resist).
社会構造そのものが、弱者に対して恒常的な圧力を生んでいる。
The social structure itself generates constant pressure on the vulnerable.
Koujou-teki (constant/perpetual).
彼は、自らに課した完璧主義という圧力に押し潰されそうだった。
He was on the verge of being crushed by the pressure of his own self-imposed perfectionism.
~ni oshitsubusare-sou (looking like being crushed).
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
Stress is the internal feeling; Atsuryoku is the external force.
Juatsu is a heavy burden/responsibility; Atsuryoku is a push/influence.
Iatsu is intimidation/dominance; Atsuryoku is the force itself.
اصطلاحات و عبارات
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
الگوهای جملهسازی
AはBに圧力をかける
AはBからの圧力を受ける
Aは圧力に屈する
Aは圧力に耐える
圧力によってAがBになる
Aには強い圧力がかかっている
Aの圧力でBが壊れる
同調圧力というA
نحوه استفاده
Use 圧力 for group dynamics or power imbalances.
Always use 圧力 for physical measurements.
Prefer プレッシャー for individual feelings.
- Using 圧力 for 'stress' (internal feeling).
- Saying 'Atsuryoku suru' instead of '圧力をかける'.
- Confusing 圧力 with 血圧 (blood pressure).
- Using 'o' with 'kussuru' (should be 'ni kussuru').
- Using 圧力 for 'weight' (should be 'omosa' or 'jūryō').
نکات
Verb Choice
Always pair 圧力 with 'kakeru' when you are the one doing the pressuring. It's the most natural collocation.
Social Context
When discussing Japanese society, 'Dōchō Atsuryoku' is a keyword. Using it shows deep cultural understanding.
Compounds
Learn compounds like 'Kiatsu' and 'Suiatsu' alongside 'Atsuryoku' to expand your technical vocabulary.
Nuance
If you want to sound less formal, use 'Puresshā' for mental states. 'Atsuryoku' sounds like a news report.
Writing
The kanji 圧 is also used in 'Attō' (overwhelm). Think of it as 'pressing down' on someone.
News
Listen for 'Gaikō-teki atsuryoku' (diplomatic pressure) in international news segments.
Particles
Use 'ni' for the target of the pressure: 'Kare NI atsuryoku o kakeru'.
Memory
Atsu = Hot. Pressure cookers get hot. Atsuryoku = Pressure.
Distinction
Don't confuse with 'Kyōsei'. 圧力 is the force; 強制 is the act of forcing.
Reading
Read about 'Atsuryoku Dantai' to understand how Japanese politics works behind the scenes.
حفظ کنید
ریشه کلمه
Derived from Middle Chinese, combining the concept of physical weight/suppression with the concept of energy or force.
بافت فرهنگی
Entrance exams are a major source of 'Jūatsu' (heavy pressure) for students.
Overtime is often the result of 'silent pressure' from colleagues.
Pressure is used to maintain group cohesion.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"日本には同調圧力が強いと思いますか？ (Do you think peer pressure is strong in Japan?)"
"仕事で圧力を感じた時、どうしますか？ (What do you do when you feel pressure at work?)"
"圧力鍋を使ったことがありますか？ (Have you ever used a pressure cooker?)"
"最近、何かプレッシャーを感じていますか？ (Have you been feeling any pressure lately?)"
"政治的な圧力についてどう思いますか？ (What do you think about political pressure?)"
موضوعات نگارش
私が人生で一番圧力を感じた瞬間。 (The moment I felt the most pressure in my life.)
同調圧力の良い点と悪い点。 (The good and bad points of peer pressure.)
社会からの圧力をどうやって跳ね返すべきか。 (How we should push back against social pressure.)
圧力鍋で作ってみたい料理。 (A dish I want to try making in a pressure cooker.)
自分の意見を通すために圧力をかけた経験。 (An experience where I applied pressure to get my way.)
سوالات متداول
10 سوالNo, you must use 'Ketsuatsu' (血圧). While it contains the kanji for pressure, 圧力 is not used for medical blood pressure readings.
In social contexts, it usually has a negative or neutral-to-negative connotation. In science, it is purely neutral.
圧力 is influence that makes you feel you should do something. 強制 is a direct requirement or physical force that leaves no choice.
The most common term is 'Dōchō Atsuryoku' (同調圧力).
You can say '圧力を感じる', but it sounds like someone is actively pressuring you. For general anxiety, use 'プレッシャーを感じる'.
Yes, it is a very common household item for cooking rice, stews, and beans quickly.
You can use '弱める' (yowameru) or '下げる' (sageru).
Yes, for example, 'Defensu no atsuryoku' (defensive pressure) in basketball or soccer.
No, 'Atsuryoku suru' is not a word. You use '圧力をかける'.
It refers to a lobbyist group or an interest group that tries to influence government policy.
خودت رو بسنج 180 سوال
/ 180 درست
نمره کامل!
Summary
Atsuryoku is a versatile word for 'pressure' that describes an external force pushing on something or someone. Use it for tires and typhoons, but also for bosses and governments trying to influence behavior.
- Atsuryoku means 'pressure' in both physical (science) and metaphorical (social/political) contexts.
- Commonly used with the verb 'kakeru' (to apply) or 'ukeru' (to receive).
- Essential for discussing weather, physics, workplace dynamics, and international relations.
- Distinct from 'stress' (internal feeling) and 'kyōsei' (direct legal/physical compulsion).
Verb Choice
Always pair 圧力 with 'kakeru' when you are the one doing the pressuring. It's the most natural collocation.
Social Context
When discussing Japanese society, 'Dōchō Atsuryoku' is a keyword. Using it shows deep cultural understanding.
Compounds
Learn compounds like 'Kiatsu' and 'Suiatsu' alongside 'Atsuryoku' to expand your technical vocabulary.
Nuance
If you want to sound less formal, use 'Puresshā' for mental states. 'Atsuryoku' sounds like a news report.
مثال
圧力をかけます。
محتوای مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر Science
吸収
A1عمل جذب کردن یا مکیدن چیزی، مانند مایع، نور یا دانش. این کلمه هم فرآیندهای فیزیکی و هم استعارهای را توصیف میکند.
分析
B1تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها روندهای غیرمنتظره ای را نشان داد.
原子
A1اتم واحد اصلی سازنده تمام مواد است. این کوچکترین واحد یک عنصر شیمیایی است.
引力
A1این نیروی فیزیکی است که اشیاء را به سمت یکدیگر می کشد. همچنین برای توصیف یک جذابیت قدرتمند استفاده می شود.
細菌
A1موجودات تکسلولی میکروسکوپی که در همه جا یافت میشوند. برخی بیماریزا و بسیاری مفید هستند.
繁殖
A1تولید مثل یا تکثیر حیوانات، گیاهان یا میکروارگانیسمها. این اصطلاح برای انسانها استفاده نمیشود.
炭素
A1کربن یک عنصر شیمیایی است که پایه و اساس زندگی محسوب میشود. در موادی مانند زغال و الماس یافت میشود.
触媒
A1کاتالیزور. مادهای که واکنش شیمیایی را تسریع میکند، یا شخص/چیزی که باعث تغییر سریع میشود.
塩素
A1کلر یک عنصر شیمیایی است که برای ضدعفونی کردن آب و ساختن سفیدکننده استفاده میشود.
解明
A1روشنسازی، کشف. عمل حل یک معما یا روشن کردن یک مشکل پیچیده.
