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B1 adjective #5,500 پرکاربردترین 8 دقیقه مطالعه

勝手

katte رتبه 5,500

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 勝手 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 勝手 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you might encounter 'katte' in very simple, fixed phrases. You don't need to know all the complex nuances yet. Focus on the idea of 'alone' or 'without asking.' For example, if a teacher says 'Katte ni sawaranaide' (Don't touch it without permission), they are telling you to wait for instructions. It's often linked to basic rules in a classroom or home. Think of it as the opposite of 'together' or 'with permission.' You might also see it in the context of 'katte ni' meaning 'automatically' for things like doors or lights, which is a common sight in Japan. Keep it simple: 'katte' = doing something by yourself when you shouldn't, or something happening on its own.

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

At the A2 level, you begin to see 'katte' as a way to describe people's actions or characters. You'll learn the 'na-adjective' form: 'katte na hito' (a selfish person). You might use it to talk about friends or family members who don't listen to others. You will also encounter 'katte ni' more frequently in daily requests or mild complaints, like 'Katte ni tabeta?' (Did you eat it without asking?). This level is about recognizing that 'katte' is a bit negative and is used when someone ignores the 'rules' of a social group. You might also learn 'tsukaigatte' (usability) in the context of describing your favorite gadgets or apps in a simple way.

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

At the B1 level, you should master the distinction between 'katte' (action-based selfishness) and 'wagamama' (personality-based selfishness). You'll use 'katte' to describe workplace situations, such as 'katte na handan' (an arbitrary decision). You should also understand the 'convenience' aspect of the word, specifically in phrases like 'katte ga wakaranai' (I'm not used to how things work here). This is the level where you start to use the word to navigate social harmony. You'll learn to apologize for your own 'katte' when making requests that might inconvenience others. You should be able to identify whether 'katte' is being used as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb in a sentence.

At the B2 level, you are expected to understand the nuance of 'katte' in more complex social and literary contexts. You'll recognize idiomatic expressions like 'migi-hidari mo katte ga wakaranai' (not knowing left from right / being totally lost in a new situation). You will understand the subtle difference between 'katte' and more formal terms like 'dokudan' (arbitrary decision) or 'dokuzen' (self-righteousness). You'll also be able to use 'katte' in passive or causative constructions to describe being forced to deal with someone else's selfishness. Your understanding of the word's etymology (from 'winning hand') will help you grasp why it implies having the power to dictate terms.

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At the C1 level, you will explore the philosophical and sociological implications of 'katte' in Japanese discourse. You'll see it used in essays discussing the tension between individual desire and social obligation (giri). You'll understand how 'katte' is used in legal or political commentary to describe 'arbitrary' uses of power. You'll also be familiar with archaic or highly specific uses, such as 'katte-guchi' (the kitchen door) in traditional architecture, and how this links to the word's history. You can use the word with precision to describe varying degrees of autonomy, from 'jishu-teki' (proactive/voluntary) to 'katte' (unauthorized/selfish).

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

At the C2 level, you have a native-like grasp of 'katte.' You can appreciate the word's use in classical literature or Edo-period texts where 'katte' specifically referred to the financial state or 'livelihood' of a household (e.g., 'katte ga kurushii' meaning 'finances are tight'). You understand the word's evolution from a term of strategy ('the winning side') to its modern psychological and functional meanings. You can use the word in high-level debates about 'individualism vs. collectivism' in Japan, and you can catch the most subtle ironies or double-entendres in poetry or advanced rhetoric where 'katte' might be used to mask a deeper criticism of social structures.

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

勝手 در ۳۰ ثانیه

Katte means 'selfish' or 'arbitrary' when describing behavior, often implying a lack of permission.
As an adverb (katte ni), it means 'without asking' or 'automatically' (e.g., a door opening).
It also refers to 'convenience' or 'usability,' particularly in phrases like 'tsukaigatte' (user-friendliness).
In social settings, it can be a harsh criticism for ignoring group harmony or 'the air'.

The Japanese word 勝手 (katte) is a multifaceted term that primarily describes actions taken based on one's own desires or convenience, often without considering others. At its core, it suggests a sense of 'arbitrariness' or 'selfishness,' but its nuance shifts significantly depending on the grammatical structure and social context. In a B1 level context, you will most frequently encounter it as a na-adjective (勝手な) or an adverbial phrase (勝手に). Understanding this word is crucial because it touches upon the deeply rooted Japanese cultural concept of harmony (wa). When someone acts 'katte,' they are essentially breaking that harmony by prioritizing their individual will over the group's expectations.

Core Concept: The fundamental idea is 'one's own way' or 'at one's own discretion.' It comes from the idea of having the 'winning hand' (the 'katte-te') or the upper hand in a situation, allowing one to dictate the terms.

彼はいつも勝手なことばかり言っている。
(Kare wa itsumo katte na koto bakari itte iru.)
He is always saying selfish things.

Beyond simple selfishness, 勝手 also refers to 'convenience' or 'the way things are handled.' For instance, when you enter a kitchen you aren't familiar with, you might say 勝手がわからない (katte ga wakaranai), meaning 'I don't know the layout/how things work here.' This dual meaning—selfishness versus functional familiarity—is what makes the word challenging but expressive. In daily life, you'll hear it in frustrations ('Don't just decide things on your own!'), in apologies ('I'm sorry for my selfishness'), and in descriptions of products ('This tool is easy to use').

Social Context: In Japanese society, being called 'katte' is a significant criticism. It implies you are ignoring the 'kuuki' (air/atmosphere) and the needs of those around you. However, in personal settings, 'katte ni shiro' (do as you please) is a common, albeit harsh, way to end an argument.

そんなの君の勝手だ。
(Sonna no kimi no katte da.)
That's your own business / That's up to you (often said with indifference or annoyance).

Grammatically, 勝手 functions as a na-adjective or a noun. This versatility allows it to modify nouns, describe states, or act as an adverb when paired with 'ni.' Let's break down the three primary grammatical patterns you will encounter.

Pattern 1: Adjectival (勝手な + Noun): Used to describe a person's behavior, reasoning, or words as selfish or arbitrary. Common pairings include 勝手な行動 (katte na koudou - selfish behavior) and 勝手な理由 (katte na riyuu - arbitrary reason).

勝手な振る舞いはやめてください。
(Katte na furumai wa yamete kudasai.)
Please stop behaving so selfishly.

Pattern 2: Adverbial (勝手に + Verb): This describes *how* an action is performed. It often carries the nuance of 'without asking,' 'without permission,' or 'automatically.' For example, 勝手にドアが開いた (The door opened by itself/automatically).

私のパソコンを勝手に使わないで。
(Watashi no pasokon o katte ni tsukawanai de.)
Don't use my computer without permission.

A more advanced usage involves the noun form in the phrase 勝手がいい / 勝手が悪い. Here, it refers to the 'convenience' or 'ease of use' of a place or situation. You might hear a chef say the new kitchen has good 'katte,' meaning everything is positioned perfectly for efficient work. Similarly, 使い勝手 (tsukaigatte) is a very common compound noun meaning 'user-friendliness' or 'utility.'

このキッチンは勝手が良くて料理しやすい。
(Kono kicchin wa katte ga yokute ryouri shiyasui.)
This kitchen is well-arranged and easy to cook in.

You will encounter 勝手 across almost every spectrum of Japanese life, from heated anime battles to polite office conversations. Its frequency in daily speech is high because it covers a range of interpersonal frictions and technical observations. In casual settings, it's a 'judgment' word; in professional settings, it's often used to describe procedures or technical ease.

In Anime and Drama: Characters often shout 'Katte ni shiro!' (Do whatever you want!) when they are giving up on someone or are angry. It's a classic line for a tsundere character or a frustrated protagonist. You'll also hear 'Katte na koto iu na!' (Don't say such selfish things!) during arguments.

もういいよ、勝手にすれば？
(Mou ii yo, katte ni sureba?)
Fine, why don't you just do whatever you want?

In a workplace, 'katte' takes on a more formal but still critical tone. If a colleague makes a decision without consulting the team, a manager might say, 'Katte na handan wa yamete kudasai' (Please refrain from making arbitrary judgments). On the flip side, when discussing a new software or office layout, employees might discuss the tsukaigatte (usability). If a system is 'katte ga warui,' it means it's counter-intuitive or difficult to navigate.

In Customer Service: You might hear 'Gotsugou de' (at your convenience), which is a polite relative of 'katte.' However, 'katte' itself is rarely used by staff towards customers unless referring to the customer's own preference in a very specific, polite way like 'Okyaku-sama no gokatte desu ga...' (It is your choice, but...).

このアプリ、使い勝手がすごくいいんだよね。
(Kono apuri, tsukaigatte ga sugoku ii n da yo ne.)
This app is really user-friendly, isn't it?

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make with 勝手 is failing to distinguish it from わがまま (wagamama). While both can translate to 'selfish,' their nuances are distinct. Wagamama usually refers to a personality trait or a childlike 'spoiled' behavior (wanting things your way). Katte, however, is more about the *action* of ignoring others' permission or the established rules. You can be 'katte' in a professional setting by making a rogue decision, but you'd rarely be called 'wagamama' there unless you were acting like a brat.

Mistake 1: Using it for 'Freedom': Don't confuse 'katte' with 'jiyuu' (freedom). If you say 'I want to live katte-ni,' it sounds like you want to live while disregarding everyone else's feelings. If you want to say you want to live freely/liberated, use 'jiyuu ni.'

❌ 私は勝手に生きたい。
✅ 私は自由に生きたい。
(The first sounds like you want to be a nuisance; the second is a positive wish for liberty.)

Another mistake is the misapplication of 勝手がいい. Learners often think it means 'I am winning' because of the kanji 勝 (win). Remember, in this phrase, it purely refers to convenience or familiarity. If you want to say you are winning a game, use 勝っている (katte iru). The pronunciation is identical, but the grammar and kanji (勝つ vs 勝手) are different.

Mistake 2: The 'Kitchen' Confusion: In older Japanese or specific contexts, 'katte' means 'kitchen.' If someone says 'Katte ni itte,' they *might* mean 'Go to the kitchen,' but in 99% of modern contexts, they mean 'Go ahead on your own.' Context is king!

勝手口 (katteguchi) refers to the back door or kitchen entrance. Don't confuse this with a 'selfish entrance'!

To truly master 勝手, you must see where it sits among its synonyms. Each word carries a slightly different 'flavor' of self-centeredness or autonomy.

勝手 (Katte) vs. わがまま (Wagamama): Katte: Focuses on the *act* of doing things without permission or considering the group. (e.g., leaving early without telling anyone).
Wagamama: Focuses on the *personality* or the desire to have one's ego catered to. (e.g., a child crying for a toy).

勝手 (Katte) vs. 独断 (Dokudan): Katte: General, everyday term for being selfish or acting alone.
Dokudan: Formal, often used in business or law to mean 'arbitrary decision' or 'dogmatism.' Use this in reports or formal meetings.

部長の独断でプロジェクトが中止された。
(Buchou no dokudan de purojekuto ga chuushi sareta.)
The project was cancelled by the manager's arbitrary decision.

When you want to describe something as 'convenient' without the negative baggage of 'katte,' use 便利 (benri) or 都合がいい (tsugou ga ii). Benri refers to a tool or item being useful, while tsugou ga ii refers to a situation or time being convenient for someone's schedule.

Summary Table

自分勝手 (Jibun-katte): Even more emphasis on 'self' (Extremely selfish).
自由 (Jiyuu): Positive 'freedom' or 'liberty.'
勝手次第 (Katte-shidai): 'As one pleases' (Formal/Literary).

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The word shifted from 'winning' to 'convenience' because the person with the 'winning hand' could control the situation to their own advantage. It also became a euphemism for the kitchen because that was the 'working hand' or the 'engine' of the household.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /kæt.teɪ/

US /kɑːt.teɪ/

Japanese has pitch accent. Katte (勝手) usually has an 'Atamadaka' (Type 1) accent where the first syllable is high and the rest are low: KA-tte.

هم‌قافیه با

Matte (Wait) Datte (But/Because) Hatte (Sticking) Katte (Buying - same sound, different pitch) Satte (Leaving) Tatte (Standing) Yatte (Doing) Natte (Becoming)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing it like 'Katie' (English name).
Failing to hold the double 't' (sokuon) pause.
Confusing the pitch with 'katte' (buying/winning).

سطح دشواری

خواندن 3/5

Kanji is common but the dual meanings (selfish vs kitchen) can be tricky.

نوشتن 3/5

The kanji for 'Katte' is B1 level; 'Katsu' (win) is easy, but 'Te' (hand) is basic.

صحبت کردن 4/5

Using the correct register is vital to avoid sounding overly rude.

گوش دادن 3/5

Common in anime and daily life, but must be distinguished from the verb 'katte' (buying).

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

勝つ (Katsu) 手 (Te) わがまま (Wagamama) 都合 (Tsugou) 自由 (Jiyuu)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

独断 (Dokudan) 恣意的 (Shiiteki) 振る舞い (Furumai) 利己的 (Rikoteki) 気まま (Kimama)

پیشرفته

勝手知ったる (Katte-shittaru) 勝手口 (Katteguchi) 使い勝手 (Tsukaigatte)

گرامر لازم

Na-Adjective Modification

勝手な人 (Katte na hito)

Adverbial 'ni' Particle

勝手にする (Katte ni suru)

Compound Noun 'Tsukai' + Katte

使い勝手 (Tsukaigatte)

Polite Conjunction 'Nagara'

勝手ながら (Katte-nagara)

Possessive + Katte (Noun usage)

僕の勝手だ (Boku no katte da)

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

勝手にさわらないでください。

Please don't touch it without permission.

katte ni + negative verb

ドアが勝手に開きました。

The door opened by itself.

katte ni (automatically)

勝手に行ってはいけません。

You must not go by yourself (without asking).

katte ni + te-wa ikemasen

お菓子を勝手に食べました。

I ate the sweets without asking.

katte ni + past tense

勝手にしないで！

Don't do it on your own!

katte ni + shinaide

テレビが勝手に消えた。

The TV turned off by itself.

katte ni + intransitive verb

勝手に遊んでください。

Please play by yourselves.

katte ni (freely/independently)

彼は勝手な人です。

He is a selfish person.

katte na + noun

勝手なことを言って、すみません。

I'm sorry for saying selfish things.

katte na koto (selfish things)

このペンは使い勝手がいいです。

This pen is easy to use.

tsukaigatte (usability)

勝手に私の部屋に入らないで。

Don't enter my room without permission.

katte ni + negative imperative

弟はいつも勝手な行動をします。

My younger brother always acts selfishly.

katte na koudou (selfish behavior)

それは君の勝手だよ。

That's your own business.

kimi no katte (your choice/business)

勝手に決めてもいいですか？

Is it okay if I decide on my own?

katte ni + te-mo ii desu ka

このカメラは使い勝手が悪いです。

This camera is hard to use.

tsukaigatte ga warui

勝手な理由で仕事を休みました。

I skipped work for a selfish reason.

katte na riyuu (selfish reason)

新しい職場の勝手がまだわかりません。

I don't yet know how things work in my new workplace.

katte ga wakaranai (unfamiliar with routine)

勝手な判断でプロジェクトを進めないでください。

Please don't proceed with the project based on your own arbitrary judgment.

katte na handan (arbitrary judgment)

彼は自分勝手な振る舞いで嫌われている。

He is disliked because of his selfish behavior.

jibun-katte (extremely selfish)

使い勝手を考えて、キッチンをリフォームした。

I renovated the kitchen with usability in mind.

tsukaigatte o kangaeru

勝手ながら、本日は休業させていただきます。

We are taking the liberty of closing today (polite).

katte-nagara (polite 'though selfish of us')

あいつは勝手なことばかり抜かしている。

That guy is spouting nothing but selfish nonsense.

katte na koto + nukasu (rude verb)

勝手が違うので、少し戸惑っています。

Things are different than I expected, so I'm a bit confused.

katte ga chigau (things are different/unfamiliar)

一人で勝手に盛り上がっている。

He's getting excited all by himself (ignoring others).

katte ni moriagaru

独断専行は、チームの勝手を乱す行為だ。

Acting on one's own authority is an act that disrupts the team's harmony.

katte o midasu (disrupt routine/harmony)

家の勝手を知り尽くしている。

I know every nook and cranny/routine of this house.

katte o shiritsukusu

勝手な憶測で人を批判するのは良くない。

It's not good to criticize people based on arbitrary speculation.

katte na okusoku (arbitrary speculation)

使い勝手の良さが、この商品の最大の売りです。

The ease of use is this product's biggest selling point.

tsukaigatte no yosa

勝手口から荷物を運び入れる。

Carry the luggage in through the back (kitchen) door.

katteguchi (service entrance)

世の中、そんなに勝手は許されない。

The world doesn't allow that kind of selfishness.

katte wa yurusarenai

勝手知ったる他人の家のように振る舞う。

Behaving as if it were one's own familiar home.

katte-shittaru (familiar/well-known)

身勝手な論理で自分を正当化する。

Justifying oneself with selfish logic.

migatte na ronri (selfish logic)

組織の論理を無視した勝手な振る舞いは、解雇の対象になり得る。

Selfish behavior that ignores organizational logic can be grounds for dismissal.

katte na furumai (dismissible offense)

勝手が分かってくると、仕事のスピードも上がる。

Once you get the hang of how things work, your work speed increases.

katte ga wakaru (get the hang of it)

彼は、自分の勝手な解釈で法律を運用しようとしている。

He is trying to apply the law based on his own arbitrary interpretation.

katte na kaishaku (arbitrary interpretation)

生活の勝手が変わってしまい、ストレスが溜まっている。

The routine of my daily life has changed, and stress is building up.

seikatsu no katte (lifestyle routine)

勝手放題に振る舞う若者たちに、世間は厳しい。

Society is harsh towards young people who act exactly as they please.

katte-houdai (acting without restraint)

その件に関しては、そちらの勝手次第です。

Regarding that matter, it is entirely at your discretion.

katte-shidai (at one's discretion)

使い勝手を追求した結果、このデザインに辿り着いた。

As a result of pursuing usability, we arrived at this design.

tsukaigatte o tsuikyuu suru

勝手な真似は慎んでもらいたい。

I would like you to refrain from taking matters into your own hands.

katte na mane (unauthorized action)

台所の勝手元が整理されていないと、主婦は不機嫌になるものだ。

If the kitchen area is not organized, the housewife tends to get grumpy.

katte-moto (kitchen/cooking area)

商売の勝手が分からず、初年度は赤字を出してしまった。

Not knowing the ropes of the business, I ended up with a deficit in the first year.

shoubai no katte (business ropes/routine)

勝手な言い草だとは思うが、背に腹は代えられない。

I know it's a selfish thing to say, but I have no other choice (desperate times).

katte na iigusa (selfish remark/excuse)

江戸時代の勝手向きの苦しさは、現代人の想像を絶する。

The financial hardship of household management in the Edo period is beyond modern imagination.

katte-muki (household finances)

勝手知ったる仲とはいえ、礼儀は欠かせない。

Even between those who know each other's ways well, courtesy is essential.

katte-shittaru naka (close/familiar relationship)

国家の勝手な都合で、個人の自由が制限されるべきではない。

Individual freedom should not be restricted for the arbitrary convenience of the state.

katte na tsugou (arbitrary convenience)

勝手神社（かつてじんじゃ）は、勝運の神として知られている。

Katte Shrine is known as a deity of victory/luck.

Proper noun (Katte Jinja)

万事、勝手次第に執り行うがよい。

You may carry out all matters entirely as you see fit (archaic/formal).

banji katte-shidai (everything at your discretion)

ترکیب‌های رایج

勝手なことを言う

勝手にしやがれ

使い勝手がいい

勝手がわからない

勝手な判断

勝手口

自分勝手

勝手が違う

勝手ながら

勝手次第

عبارات رایج

勝手にする

— To do as one pleases, often without permission.

彼は何でも勝手にする。

勝手がきく

— To be convenient or to have things go one's way.

ここは勝手がきく場所だ。

勝手を言う

— To make a selfish request or statement.

勝手を言って申し訳ありません。

勝手を知る

— To be familiar with the layout or routine of a place.

この家の勝手を知っている。

勝手な真似

— Taking unauthorized action.

勝手な真似はするな。

勝手がいい

— To be convenient or well-arranged.

勝手がいいキッチン。

勝手放題

— Having everything one's own way; unrestrained.

勝手放題に振る舞う。

使い勝手

— User-friendliness or utility.

使い勝手のいい道具。

勝手神社

— A specific type of shrine (Katte Jinja) for victory.

勝手神社にお参りする。

勝手連

— A group of volunteers acting independently/spontaneously.

勝手連が応援に駆けつけた。

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

勝手 vs わがまま (Wagamama)

Wagamama is 'spoiled/egoistical' (personality); Katte is 'arbitrary/unauthorized' (action).

勝手 vs 自由 (Jiyuu)

Jiyuu is positive 'freedom'; Katte is negative 'doing as one pleases at others' expense'.

勝手 vs 勝って (Katte - from Katsu)

This is the te-form of 'to win'. The pronunciation is similar, but the context is competitive.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"勝手が違う"

— Things are not as expected or not what one is used to.

新しいソフトは勝手が違う。

Neutral

"勝手知ったる他人の家"

— Being so familiar with someone else's house/business that you act like it's your own.

彼は勝手知ったる他人の家のように冷蔵庫を開けた。

Informal

"右手も左手も勝手がわからない"

— To be completely lost or unfamiliar with a new situation.

入社したばかりで、右手も左手も勝手がわからない。

Idiomatic

"勝手にしやがれ"

— Go to hell / Do whatever the hell you want.

もう勝手にしやがれ！

Slang/Rude

"勝手ながら"

— I'm taking the liberty of... (Polite preamble for a selfish act).

勝手ながら、メールにて失礼します。

Formal

"勝手次第"

— According to one's own will or convenience.

行くか行かないかは、君の勝手次第だ。

Formal/Literary

"勝手を働く"

— To act selfishly or take unauthorized liberties.

職場で勝手を働くのは許されない。

Neutral

"勝手が悪い"

— Inconvenient or poorly arranged.

この部屋は勝手が悪い。

Neutral

"自分勝手"

— Utterly selfish.

自分勝手な理屈。

Neutral

"お勝手"

— Polite/Old-fashioned word for the kitchen.

お勝手を手伝う。

Polite/Archaic

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

勝手 vs 買って (Katte)

Identical pronunciation in some dialects.

Katte (勝手) is an adjective/noun; Katte (買って) is the te-form of 'to buy'.

本を勝手に売る (Sell books without permission) vs 本を買って来る (Go buy a book).

勝手 vs 勝って (Katte)

Identical pronunciation.

This is the te-form of 'to win' (katsu).

試合に勝って嬉しい (Happy to win the match).

勝手 vs 刈って (Katte)

Identical pronunciation.

Te-form of 'to mow/shear' (karu).

芝を刈って整える (Mow the lawn).

勝手 vs 借りて (Karite)

Similar sound.

Te-form of 'to borrow'.

本を借りて読む (Borrow and read a book).

勝手 vs 勝手口 (Katteguchi)

Learners might think it means 'selfish mouth'.

It's a technical term for a 'service entrance' or 'back door'.

勝手口から入る (Enter through the back door).

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

勝手に [Verb]-naide

勝手に食べないで。

[Noun] は勝手だ

それは君の勝手だ。

勝手な [Noun]

勝手な言い訳。

使い勝手が [Adjective]

使い勝手がいい。

勝手がわからない

仕事の勝手がわからない。

勝手ながら

勝手ながら欠席します。

勝手知ったる [Noun]

勝手知ったる我が家。

勝手次第

万事、勝手次第に。

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

勝手 (Selfishness/Convenience)

使い勝手 (Usability)

自分勝手 (Egoism)

勝手口 (Back door)

فعل‌ها

勝手にする (To do as one pleases)

勝手を言う (To speak selfishly)

صفت‌ها

勝手な (Selfish/Arbitrary)

身勝手な (Selfish)

自分勝手な (Self-centered)

مرتبط

わがまま

自由

都合

便利

独断

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

Extremely common in both spoken and written Japanese.

اشتباهات رایج

Using 'katte' for 'freedom'. → Using 'jiyuu'.
Katte implies selfishness; jiyuu is the neutral/positive word for liberty.
Saying 'Katte ni shiro' to be polite. → O-makase shimasu.
'Katte ni shiro' is rude; 'O-makase' is the polite way to say 'It's up to you.'
Confusing 'katte' (selfish) with 'katte' (buying). → Check context and pitch.
They sound the same but have different pitch accents and meanings.
Using 'wagamama' for unauthorized actions. → Using 'katte'.
Wagamama is for spoiled attitudes; katte is for acting without permission.
Thinking 'katte ga ii' means winning. → It means convenient.
Despite the 'win' kanji, the phrase refers to usability or layout.

نکات

Harmony vs. Individualism

Calling someone 'katte' is a way of saying they aren't being a team player. In Japan's collectivist culture, this is a sharper sting than in many Western cultures.

Na-Adjective vs. Adverb

Remember: 'katte na' + noun (a selfish person) and 'katte ni' + verb (to do without permission). Don't mix them up!

Automatic Objects

Use 'katte ni' for things that happen without human intervention, like a light turning on or a ball rolling away.

Softening Requests

Phrases like 'Katte o moushiagemasu ga' (I am stating my selfish request, but...) are useful for making difficult requests in a polite way.

Tsukaigatte

This is a great word for your 'Review' vocabulary. Use it when talking about apps, gadgets, or even furniture.

The Winning Hand

Remember the 'winning hand' origin to understand why 'katte' implies having the power to do things your way.

Avoid Rudeness

'Katte ni shiro' is fighting words. Use it only when you mean to end a relationship or express strong anger.

Pitch Accent

Listen for the high start (KA-tte) to distinguish 'selfish' from 'buying' (ka-TTE).

Self-Deprecation

Using 'katte' to describe your own actions ('katte na koto o itte...') is a polite way to show you know you're being a bit of a burden.

Kanji Choice

Always use 勝手. While older texts might use different kanji, this is the standard modern way.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'Katte' as 'Cut-te'. When you are katte, you CUT everyone else out of your decision and just do what you want.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a person in a kitchen (the old meaning) making a sandwich exactly how they like it, ignoring everyone else's hunger (the new meaning).

شبکه واژگان

Selfish Arbitrary Kitchen Convenience Automatic Permission-less Usability Routine

چالش

Try to find 3 automatic doors today and say 'Katte ni aita' (It opened by itself) in your head.

ریشه کلمه

Originally written as '勝手' (Winning Hand). In games like Sugoroku or Go, it referred to the side that had the advantage or the 'winning hand.'

معنای اصلی: The winning side / The upper hand in a situation.

Sino-Japanese (Kango).

بافت فرهنگی

Be careful when using 'katte ni' toward superiors; it sounds like you are accusing them of being inconsiderate.

English speakers often use 'selfish' for both personality and actions, but Japanese splits this into 'wagamama' and 'katte.'

The song 'Katte ni Shiyagare' by Kenji Sawada. Anime characters like Bakugo (MHA) or Vegeta (DBZ) are often described as 'katte' or 'jibun-katte'. The movie 'Breathless' (French: À bout de souffle) was titled '勝手にしやがれ' in Japan.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Workplace Conflict

勝手な判断 (Katte na handan)
勝手なことをする (Katte na koto o suru)
報告なしに勝手に (Houkoku nashi ni katte ni)
勝手ながら (Katte-nagara)

Product Review

使い勝手がいい (Tsukaigatte ga ii)
使い勝手が悪い (Tsukaigatte ga warui)
勝手が違う (Katte ga chigau)
勝手がいい (Katte ga ii)

Daily Life / Home

勝手に食べる (Katte ni taberu)
勝手に入る (Katte ni hairu)
勝手にする (Katte ni suru)
勝手な人 (Katte na hito)

New Situations

勝手がわからない (Katte ga wakaranai)
勝手を知る (Katte o shiru)
勝手が違う (Katte ga chigau)
勝手知ったる (Katte shittaru)

Arguments

勝手にしろ！ (Katte ni shiro!)
君の勝手だ (Kimi no katte da)
勝手なこと言うな (Katte na koto iu na)
自分勝手 (Jibun katte)

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"「最近買ったスマホ、使い勝手はどう？」 (How's the usability of the smartphone you bought recently?)"

"「新しいオフィスの勝手にはもう慣れた？」 (Are you used to the routine/layout of the new office yet?)"

"「勝手なことを聞くようですが、おいくつですか？」 (This might be a selfish/forward question, but how old are you?)"

"「勝手に決めて申し訳ないんだけど、いいかな？」 (I'm sorry for deciding on my own, but is it okay?)"

"「あそこのキッチン、勝手が良さそうだね。」 (The kitchen over there looks like it's well-arranged.)"

موضوعات نگارش

今日、誰かの「勝手な行動」で困ったことはありましたか？ (Did someone's 'selfish behavior' trouble you today?)

あなたが一番「使い勝手がいい」と感じる道具は何ですか？ (What tool do you find has the best 'usability'?)

「勝手がわからない」場所に行った時のエピソードを書いてください。 (Write about a time you went somewhere where you 'didn't know how things worked.')

自分が「勝手だったな」と反省したことはありますか？ (Is there a time you reflected on having been 'selfish'?)

「自由」と「勝手」の違いについて、あなたの意見を書いてください。 (Write your opinion on the difference between 'freedom' and 'katte'.)

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

Usually, yes, when describing people's behavior. However, 'tsukaigatte' (usability) is neutral or positive, and 'katte ni' can mean 'automatically' (neutral) or 'freely' (neutral/positive depending on context).

In modern Japanese, 'daidokoro' is much more common. 'Katte' or 'o-katte' sounds a bit old-fashioned but is still understood, especially in the term 'katteguchi' (back door).

'Jibun-katte' specifically emphasizes that the person is only thinking of themselves. It's a slightly stronger, more focused version of 'katte'.

Instead of 'anata no katte da' (which is blunt), use 'o-makase shimasu' (I'll leave it to you) or 'gotsugou ni awasemasu' (I'll match your convenience).

It means 'things are different than what I am used to.' You use it when you feel a bit out of place or when a situation doesn't follow your usual routine.

Yes, for machines or objects. 'Doa ga katte ni aita' means 'The door opened by itself.' This is a very common usage.

Only if you want to get fired or start a major conflict! It's a direct criticism of their character/actions.

It stands for 'katte ni ouen suru rengou' (league that supports on its own). It refers to groups that support a politician or cause without being officially asked.

Use it at the start of a sentence or phrase to mean 'I know this is selfish/at my convenience, but...'. It's very common in business announcements.

The kitchen was the place where the 'katte' (household management/convenience) was handled. Over time, the word for the management of the space became the word for the space itself.

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